Engineering Problem Solving.ppt

8/13/2019 Engineering Problem Solving.ppt

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Ch. 1 Engineering Problem Solving


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on ten t s

I. Engineering in the Twenty-First

CenturyII. Computing Systems: Hardware and

SoftwareIII.An Engineering Prob em-So !ing

"ethodo ogyI#. Homewor$


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I . Eng inee r ing in the. Eng inee r ing in theTwen ty -F i r s t en tu rywen ty -F i r s t en tu ry


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%E E&T E&'I&EE%I&'A HIE#E"E&TS( In )*+*, the &ationa A ademy of Engineering se e ted

the ) engineering a hie!ements that it onsidered tobe the most important a omp ishments during thepre!ious /0 years:

"i ropro essor"oon andingApp i ation sate itesCA12Computer Aided 1esign34CA"2Computer Aided"anufa turing3

5umbo 6etAd!an ed omposite materia sCAT2Computer A7ia Tomography3'eneti engineering8aser

9pti a fiber


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'%A&1 HA88E&'ES F9% THE

F T %E( The 9ffi e of S ien e and Te hno ogy Po i y in

;ashington, 1.C. identified the grandha enges as part of a resear h and

de!e opment strategy for high performan eomputing.

Predi tion of weather, imate, and g obahange

Computeri


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HA&'I&' E&'I&EE%I&'EI%9&"E&T

strong ommuni ation s$i s for both orapresentations and for preparing written

materia sthe design4pro ess4manufa ture path, whi h

onsists of ta$ing an idea from a on ept toa produ t

ooperati!eness in interdis ip inary teamto understand wor d mar$etp a enot on y to ana y


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I I . ompu t ing Sys t ems :I . ompu t ing Sys t ems :

Hardware anda rdware andSof twareo f tware


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omputing Systems

( omputer: A ma hine that is designedto perform operations that arespe ified with a set of instru tions

a ed a program.

( Hardware: the omputer e=uipment, su has the $eyboard, the mouse, thetermina , the hard dis$, and theprinter.

( Software: the programs that des ribe

the steps that we want the program toperform.


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Computer Hardware

CPU Central Processing Unit Processor + !U" rithmetic logic unit#

$nternal %emor& 'ead(onl& %emor&"')%# 'andom(access %emor&"' %#

E*ternal %emor& Hard(dis ,lopp&(dis


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Interna organi


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-&pes o computer

Personal Computer"PCs# small ine*pensive computers commonl& used in o ices/ homes/ and laboratories microcomputer

0or station minicomputer or main rame computer small enough to it on a des top

Super computer the astest computer


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9"P TE% S9FT;A%E


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9perating System

provides an inter ace between the user andthe hardware

in which the user can select and e*ecute

the application so tware contains man& utilities to per orm unctions

such as printing iles/ cop&ing iles andlisting iles.

e*# dir "on )S#/ ls "on U2$3# 4


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Software too s

( word pro essor 2"i rosoft word,3

( spread sheet 28otus )-/->, E7 e ?3( database management system 2d@ase

I#, Parado7,?3

( CA1 pa $age 2AutoCA1, AutoS$et h,CA1 EB,?3( mathemati a omputation too s and

graphi too s 2"AT8A@, "athmati a,"ATHCA1, "ap e3


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Computer 8anguages

( ma hine anguage( assemb y anguage( high- e!e anguage

FortranC9@98@asiPas aAdaCDD5a!aC

( '8( natura anguage


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E7e uting a ComputerProgram

). Compi ingsour e programob6e t program

). 8in$ing and 8oading/. E7e uting>. 1ebugging


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Compiling: -ranslate high(level language into machine language source program : the original program written b& high(

level language such as C object program: the machine language version o

source program

!in ing and loading !in ing: lin the other necessar& machine language

statements to the ob5ect program !oading: load the program into memor&


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ebugging a process to correct errors"o ten called bugs # in a

program compile(time error: s&ntactic errors run(time error: logic errors


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So tware !i e(C&cle Phases

Life Cycle Percent of Effort

e inition 6Speci ication 17

Coding and modular testing 18

$ntegrated testing 9

%aintenance ;


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I I I . An Eng inee r ingI I . An Eng inee r ing

Prob em-So ! ingrob em-So ! ing"e thodo ogye thodo ogy


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). P%9@8E" STATE"E&T

( Compute the straight- ine distan ebetween two points in a p ane.


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/. I&P T49 TP T

1ES %IPTI9&I49 1iagram

Point 1

Point . HA&1 E A"P8E( 8et the points p ) and p / , ha!e the fo owing

-oordinates: p ) G 2),03H p / G 2E,I3H

( distan-eG SJ%T22side )3 / D 2side )3 / 3

G >.K)


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( 1e omposition 9ut ine

). 'i!e !a ues to the two points./. Compute the engths of the two sides of the

right triang e generated by the two points.>. Compute the distan e between the two

points, whi h is e=ua to the ength of thehypotenuse of the triang e.

. Print the distan e between the two points

. A8'9%ITH" 1E#E89P"E&T


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/*---------------------------------------------------*//* Program chapter1_1 *//* */

/* This program computes the *//* distance between two points. */#include#includeint main !oid"

/* $eclare and initiali%e !ariables. */double &1'1( )1' ( &+',( )+' ( side_1( side_+( distance/* ompute sides o0 a right triangle. */side_1 ' &+ - &1side_+ ' )+ - )1distance ' s rt side_1*side_1 2 side_+*side_+"/* Print distance. */ print0 3The distance between the two points is 3 34 .+05n3(distance"

/* 6&it program. */

return 7"8

Coding


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0. TESTI&'

The distance between the points is9.:1;;


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#I . Homewor$I . Homewor$

( ;rite a short report 2/ 3 onone of these grand ha enges by

"ar h /):

Predi tion of weather, imate, andg oba hange

Computeri

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Engineering Problem Solving.ppt

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