Engineering StructuresBridge Building

Structures

Structures are anything that are built or constructed.

These are things we live in, work in, learn in, and play in.

All structures preform different functions

Apartment Building in Italy

Forces• Forces affect structures

every day. – Wind– Water– Snow– Earthquakes

• Forces that act on structures are called loads.

Loads• Live Loads

– Live loads change as a structure is used

• People• Furniture• Cars• trucks

• Dead Loads• Do not change, the

weight of the structure stay the same• Beams• Floor• Walls

Stresses

Compression

Shear

Deflection

Tension

Torsion

Compression

• A squeezing or crushing force produced when a pair of objects move toward each other

Shear

• A cutting force produced when a pair of forces moving toward an object just miss each other

Deflection

• A bending force

Tension

• A pulling force produced on an object when a pair of forces move in opposite directions

Torsion

• A twisting force on an object when a pair of forces rotate away from each other

St Mary and All Saints church in Chesterfield, UK

Shapes

Bridge Structures

BeamArch

Truss

Suspension

Bridge DesignsNot straight beams