1

Introduction

With this book I want to present about England in life. You will have the

opportunity to meet this country in all aspects such as, culture, politics, cuisine,

religion, economy and many others. When you will read this book, you will see,

a typical day in this important country, also find variety of data and information

that you do not know yet.

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It is a combination of the crosses of the holy employers of England, of Scotland

and of Northern Ireland, three of four regions that, together with Wales, form the

United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The red cross of the

center on white bottom is the flag of San Jorge, of England. The white arm on

blue bottom is the flag of Scotland, San Andres’s cross. And the red arm on

white bottom is the cross of San Patricio, of Ireland. Given the absolute English

hegemony in the United Kingdom, the set of three flags gets confused very

commonly with the flag of England.

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Owner: The monarch of the United Kingdom.

Entity: United Kingdom

Adopted: 1801 (the first version); 1837 (current version)

Cimera: a lion crowned leopard.

Corona: Corona de San Eduardo.

Motto:" Dieu et Mon droit "(God and my right)

Orders: The currency of the Order of the Garter.

Other elements: A heraldic rose, a flower of thistle and a clover (emblems of

England, Scotland and Ireland)

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The Flag of England, also known as the Cross of San Jorge it is composed by a vertical cross, of dark red color that symbolizes San Jorge on a cloth of white color. Hoisting in 1191, the historical flag of San Jorge turned into the flag of England into 1278. When it combined with the flags of Scotland and the Holy Boss of Ireland, it formed the most known British flag.

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The shield of England is formed by the only field of gules in that from Leon three of gold appear, lampshades and armed with azure. The shield of weapon of England was introduced by the king Ricardo I during the last decade of the 12th century, as he believes himself as a version of the duchy of Normandy, which shield is formed by two leopards. Though the figures in both heraldries were identical, in England it passed to considering them to be lions. The shield of England remained incorporated in the weapon of the British monarchs into the belonging ones to Scotland and Northern Ireland.

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God save the Queen

Strophe I God save our gracious Queen, Long live our noble Queen, God save the Queen: Send her victorious, Happy and glorious, Long to reign over us: God save the Queen. Strophe II O Lord, our God, arise, Scatter thine (or her) enemies, And make them fall: Confound their politics, Frustrate their knavish tricks, On thee our hopes we fix: God save us all. Strophe III Thy choicest gifts in store, On her be pleased to pour; Long may she reign: May she defend our laws, And ever give us cause To sing with heart and voice God save the Queen.

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England possesses the center and south of both third parts of the island of

Great Britain, besides a series of small islands of which the biggest is Wight's

Island. England is bordered in the northern part by Scotland and in the western

part with Wales. It is more near continental Europe that in any other part of the

rest of Great Britain, separated from France only for 24 miles statute (52

kilometers or 28,1 nautical miles), distance of the sea.

England is one of the countries that have a strategic location worldwide since

one thinks in Europe’s half, that is to say that there is this island positioned in a

point that has almost the same distance with the countries of the north of the

continent as well as also with those of the south, which is an enormous

advantage from the commercial thing, the military thing and the tourist thing.

England to the being an island is surrounded by 4 different seas: the sea of the

North, sea of Ireland, Atlantic Ocean and the channel of the Spot, in turn has

important ports in almost all the zones of the island for what the exit to these

seas facilitates to him the export of the products that take place there.

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England has a moderate climate, with abundant rains all the year round, though

the seasons are very variable of temperature. Nevertheless, the temperatures

strange go down below-5 ° C (23 ° F) or over 30 ° C (86 ° F). The predominant

wind is of the southwest, with what the moderate and humid climate to England

regularly from the Atlantic Ocean. It is drier in the East and hotter in the south,

which is more near the European continent. The snowfalls can happen in winter

and spring, though it is not so common out of the high areas.

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England is the territory most

extensive and more filled with the

United Kingdom. Lived by Celtic

peoples from the 5th century

B.C., England was colonized by

the Romans between 43 A.D. and

beginning of the 5th century.

From then there began the

invasion of a series of Germanic

peoples (Anglos, Saxons and

judos) that were expelling the

Celts, partially Romanized,

towards Wales, Scotland,

Cornwall and the French Brittany.

In the 10th century, after resisting a

series of assaults Viking’s, England

was unified politically. After the

ascension of Jacobo VI of Scotland to

the throne of England in 1603 and the

annexation of Scotland for England in

1707 turns out to be less appropriate

to separate the history of England

from that of the rest of the United

Kingdom.

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The Bank of England, founded in

1694 by the Scotch banker William

Paterson, is the central bank of the

United Kingdom. From his

foundation it acted as a bank

deprived for the Government of

England and continued with this

role for the Government of the

United Kingdom, until it was

stylized in 1946. It has in addition

the monopoly in the emission of

tickets for England and Wales of the official currency of England and of the

whole United Kingdom, the pound sterling, though it does not have this

monopoly in Scotland and Northern Ireland, where some banks have right to

issue his own tickets. The industrialization is very high in England, though from

the year 1970 there has been a decrease of the traditional heavy industry and

of the manufacturing sectors, on the other hand of an increasing emphasis

towards the sectors of services. In addition, the tourism has turned into key

factor inside the English economy, which attracts million visitors annually.

The principal English exports are

the pharmacists, the cars, the oil

extracted from the English part of

the sea of the North as a whole

with Wytch Farm, the aeronautical

engines and the alcoholic drinks.

Another important part of the

economy is the agriculture, which

in England is intense and highly

mechanized, producing 60 % of

the food needs with only 2 % of

the labor force. Two thirds of the agricultural production is dedicated to the

cattle, whereas another third is dedicated to the culture.

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The pound sterling (pound

sterling in English) is the

currency of the United Kingdom

as well as of the Dependences

of the Crown and of some

Ultramarine British Territories. In

his other colonial territories

different currencies are used but

fixed to the sterling: the

Gibraltarian pound, it frees

malvinense and frees of Holy

Elena. His monetary symbol is £ and comes from the Latin frees, that was

referring to the unit of mass. A pound divides in hundred pence’s.

It is used

especially in

formal contexts

and also when it is

necessary to

distinguish the

currency that is

used in the United

Kingdom of those

who are in use in

other countries

and that they have

the same name.

After the adoption of the Euro for several countries, the pound turned into the

most ancient currency of the world still into use, and nowadays it has the

biggest third portion of reserve currencies worldwide, after the American dollar

and the Euro. The pound sterling is the fourth currency most exchanged in the

international market of exchange behind the dollar, the Euro and the Japanese

yen.

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Authority of the Great London

Town hall of London, The Great

London enjoys certain autonomy,

consists of the Assembly of

London and the Mayor of London

who is chosen directly. The

Assembly was created on July 3,

2000 after the Referendum for the

Independence of London of 1998

in which 72 % of the voters

approved the creation of the

Authority of the Great London

(and it was including the creation

of the assembly and the mayoralty)

The Great London divides in 32 neighborhoods with his respective advices that

depend on the Authority of the Great London.

This one supervises some functions as recounted to the transport, policeman or

firemen. It is not necessary to confuse the Mayor of the Great London with the

mayor's post of London, a post today practically honorific of the city of London.

The Mayor of London is a mayor of the Great London, territory with a population

of more than 7.5 million inhabitants, whereas the City of London is alone a small

part of the current city of London with a population of less than 10.000

inhabitants.

The first Mayor of London was Ken Livingstone, reelected in 2004. The second

and current he is the member of the conservative party Boris Johnson, chosen

in 2008. There exists also a London political party, the One London, with

representation in the assembly during the years 2005-08. It is a euro skeptic

party with roots in the United Kingdom Independence Party (UKIP) and in the

VERITAS.

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Former Regional Assemblies,

After there be approving the

returns of Scotland, Northern

Ireland and Wales and when the

same thing did not happen in

England, planned a series of

referendums to establish regional

assemblies in England. The first

one was in London in 1998 and

was approved there being created

the Assembly of London and the

Authority of the Great London in

the year 2000. In the region

northwest of England there was other one in 2004 but there was declined the

offer of creation of an assembly. The plans for new referendums in other

regions were cancelled and eight regional assemblies were abolished in 2010,

happening the majority of his functions to the agency of regional development

and to Local Authority Leaders ' Board.

Cornualles the nationalists of

Cornwall think that his region is a

nation and not a county of England.

For them the Duchy of Cornwall has

a status that awards major autonomy.

Both the nationalistic party of

Cornwall known as Mebyon Ker now

and five members of parliament for

the Democratic Liberal party

Englishman are opposed to forming a

part of the Regional Assembly of the

Southeast of England together with

the regions of Devon, Dorset,

Gloucestershire, Somerset and

Wiltshire and they would prefer an assembly cornuallesa democratically

chosen.

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The Politics of England

constitutes a most of the

politics of the United

Kingdom, since England is

more populated than the rest

of united conditions. Also it is

the biggest in geographical

terms, which does that his

relation with the United

Kingdom is different

somehow from that of

Scotland, Wales or Northern

Ireland. The capital of

England, London is also the

capital of the United

Kingdom and the

Englishman is the dominant

language of the United

Kingdom (not officially but yes of fact).

Dicey and Morris (p26) gives us a list of the different conditions of the British

islands " England, Scotland, Northern Ireland, the Man's Island, Jersey,

Guernsey, Alderney, and Sark … they are different conditions in the sense of

the private International Law, though none of them is a condition for the

international Public law. " But this can change according to the statute that has.

Traditionally the authors were referring to the State of England and Wales as

"England" though this use is turning in politically unacceptable in last decades.

The Parliament of the United Kingdom is in London, like his Public

Administration, the HM Treasury and the majority of the official residences of

the monarchy. In addition, the central bank of the United Kingdom is known as

the Bank of England.

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The Church of England (in

English: The Church of

England) is the Christian

church officially recognized in

England, and acts as "mother"

and " the first antiquity " of the

Anglican Communion. It is

also church - member founder

of Provo’s Communion, and

origin of the Anglicanism.

The Church of England differs

specially for taking as a

principal inheritance his extent of criterion and his liberality, for it nowadays, his

beliefs and practices differ increasingly neither from the Anglo-Catholics, who

continue accentuating the liturgy and the sacraments, and not the services

centered on the sermon, nor those where testimonies of life join neither to the

evangelical way nor less those own meetings of quickness of charismatic and

Pentecostals.

The spiritual head of the Church

of England is the Archbishop of

Canterbury, who is in addition A

Bishop Given priority of the whole

England and Metropolitan of the

Province of Canterbury. It is also

an area of unit for the Anglican

Communion, world brotherhood of

national and regional independent

churches that recognize him like

first between his couples. The

Most reverend Rowan Williams

has served as Archbishop of

Canterbury from 2002. For your

part, the British monarch

(nowadays Isabel II), shows the

constitutional title of "Supreme Governor of the Church of England ".

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The system of

education Englishman

is obligatory from five

years (the Foundation

Stage) up to the 16

(Key Stage 4). After it,

there is a

complementary school

(up to 19 years) and

finally, the university

education or of

additional

education(professorships, masters, etc).

The school year begins in September and is divided in three or six terms, each

of them of between 7 and 13 weeks. The colleges close two weeks in

December (for the Christmas) and also fifteen days in The Holy Week (March or

April). The academic year finishes in July and the vacations are for six weeks.

The institutions that offer services for the smallest are called Nursery Schools,

where they represent from the 2 at the age of 5, being obligatory only last year.

The financing can be public or private. Also they can find the Infant Classes,

which are integrated to the primary schools. Every division is realized by the

age of the pupil and is called Foundation Stage.

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For that they are 5

years old there is

taught them the

beginning of the

reading, of the writing

and of the arithmetic,

as base for the

primary school. Every

lounge possesses

different "corners"

(corners or corners)

where there are

diverse activities

according to his

tastes. The primary

education is up to

eleven years and

Primary is divided in

two key stages, understood in 2 (6 and 7-year-old pupils) and 4 years (pupils

from 7 to 11 years), called. They are evaluated constant, nevertheless, when it

finishes the academic year of a stage they must spend an examination in

specific areas: 7 years after Englishman and mathematics and 11 years besides

this two, have a third party on sciences. Besides these three subjects there is

taught them language, design and technology, computer science, history,

geography, art, music, Physical and religious education. These are given by the

class teachers.

The secondary education fulfils once finished the key stage 2 (it is to say, at the

age of 11) and to develop up to 16 years. Also it is obligatory. The Key stage 3

subdivides in three courses: year 7, year 8 and year 9. It is taught: Englishman,

mathematics, design, music, communication, technology, geography, foreign

language, citizenship and physical education. According to the school they can

be given also: sexual education and religion, according to the decision of the

parents.

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There is the

second secondary

school,

complementary

call, from the 16 at

the age of 19, with

diverse options,

orientated in his

professional

decision. They

can accede to the

top formations, as

the university.

This education is

not obligatory.

They are known

as Further Education and divide in Sixth Form College and Further education

College. It has as aim form the pupils in the sector that they want to work or to

continue studying.

As soon as it finishes this stage, one accedes to the top or University education

(from 18 or 19 years). For it, it is necessary to possess a title of the Sixth Form

College. Depending on the career it is possible to accede to the University for

the System Bachelor, for the adults and they include careers as infirmary,

science, textile design, accounting, construction and technology.

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The first examples

known about art in

England are the

prehistoric rocks and the

works of art in caves,

emphasized overcoat in

Yorkshire's north,

Northumberland And

Cumbria, but also typical

more in the southern

part, for Example, in Creswell Crags. With the arrival of the Roman culture in

the 1st century, several forms of art that were using statues, busts, windows

and mosaics as general norm. There are numerous objects that survive, as

those of Lullingstone and Aldborough.

During the High Middle

Ages the style was

characterizing for crossings

esculpidas and ivories,

manuscripts, painting,

jeweler's shop of gold and

enamel, which

demonstrates the love to the

dense one, to the

interwoven designs. Some of

these works Englishman and Gael mix the styles, as the Gospels and

Lindisfarne Vespasiano Psalter.

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The music folkloric of

England has centuries of

antiquity and has

contributed to the formation

of several kinds, since it is

shanties, jigs, hornpipes

and music of dance. It has

his own variations and

particularities according to

the region. Wynkyn de

Worde's ballads on Robin

Hood of the 16th century are

very important, as The Dancing Master de John Playford and the collection of

Roxburghe de Robert's ballads Harley. Some of the most known songs are The

Good Old Way, Pastime with good company, Maggie May y Spanish Ladies

between others. Many infantile songs are of origin Englishman, as Twinkle

Twinkle Little Star, Roses ploughs network, Jack and Jill, Here We Go Round

the Mulberry Bush and Humpty Dumpty.

Some of the first

composers of

classic music

were artists of

the Renaissance

as Thomas

Tallis William

Byrd, followed

by Henry Purcell

in the baroque.

There was a

clear influncia of

the renaissance

in the profile of the composers of England of the 20th century with Edward

Elgar, Gustav Holst, Ralph Vaughan Williams, Frederick Delius and others.

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The jig is a happy

dance folkloric, of

origin probably

Englishman (jig),

in that one or two

soloists realize

rapid, jumped and

very complex

steps.

Beside being very

established in the

Irish tradition, the

jigs were very

popular in Scotland and England from 1500 until 1600. Related to the modern

dances of clogs of England, they were used often in the theatre. The English jig

that is danced on two pipes of clay (I) (sweep) crossed, it looks like greatly the

dance of Gillie Callum's sword of Scotland. The jig was adopted in France in the

court of Luis XIV, where it turned into a more quiet dance of pairs. In Johann

Sebastian Bach's baroque suite, the jig is the final movement. The term refers

also to any tune of quadrille in time of jig and to any dance established (a

quadrille for a group of pairs) with a tune of jig.

The Dance Morris is

realized by a group

of dancers who

execute intense

choreographies

using instruments

as: swords,

Handkerchiefs,

bells and sticks.

Though also they can

do without these.

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Buses in England

The buses are in

all the cities of

England with

diverse lines and

routes that cover

the most important

zones of the city,

being able to be

urban and

suburban. In turn,

the buses unify his

urban and

suburban routes

with the lines of trains. Also there are buses that realize long distances and that

come to several peoples and cities of England and the United Kingdom.

Meter in England The

meter is a way of very

useful transport, but not all

the cities possess one.

Those who have it are

London, Newcastle,

Liverpool and Glasgow.

On the other hand, the

cities of Glasgow, Cardiff,

Manchester, Liverpool and

Birmingham have a

system of streetcars.

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Trains in England The

trains are also an

important way of

transport in England,

since in all his extension

it crosses the biggest

and important cities of

the country. His rates are

comfortable enough and

offer notable promotions

with the tickets of several

days of duration without

having to spend a lot of money. The national network of trains (National Rail)

covers in his route to the principal cities in the United Kingdom, which they

depart from London.

Taxis in England the

taxis are in all the

cities, and generally

they are slightly

costly. It is used to

leave something of

gratuity and there

can be surcharges

for holiday days,

excess luggage, pets

and night trips.

The Underground or Meter of London

is a railway electrical network of public

transport that works so much above

like below land in the whole area of

the Great London. It is the most

ancient system of transport of this type

of the world.

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In the characteristics of the flora and

the fauna of England it is necessary

to to clarify that him fundamental

factor for the development of the

species so much vegetable as

animals, for the different conditions

of area the Highlands and Lowlands

there are different ecosystems where

they predominate over the moderate

forests, the marshes and marshes.

Some of the species typical of

England regarding his flora are an

oak, the elm and the haya, it is said

that before in the British Isla there

was a great quantity of forests where

they were predominating over these

species, but in the year 2000 after an

alarming study it was found that alone he was remaining a 10 % of the heritage

of flora, as I conclude the reasons it is the over-excited felling and the growth of

the cities.

The fauna in the United

Kingdom is also very

varied they are

characterized by the

presence of some

mammals as: foxes,

rabbits, deer and

hedgehogs, but neither

the reptiles nor the

amphibians abound,

also the species of birds

are very important since

in England 230 different species have revealed themselves, though also they

are threatened by the British custom of the hunt, this way like also with the

destruction of the ecosystems where they reside.

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FISH AND CHIPS Is a plate of very popular

snack food in England. The plate consists of

fish of different types (especially cod and

hake) muffled with flour and egg accompanied

from fried potatoes to that one is in the habit of

adding salt and vinegar.

SUNDAY ROASTC called like that because it

is typical to take it every Sunday consists of

roast of different meats (pork, veal ó lamb)

accompanied of roast potatoes, York shire

pudding (as an empty vol-au-vent), sausages

and vegetables of season all this watered with

a thick sauce done with onion and the juice of

the meat

BANGERS AND MASH Is sausages with mash

of potato. The sausages can be several types

and the mash of potato is natural. To this plate

also sauce is added gravy

This is a classic to the English cuisine, a

spectacular Christmas cake soaked nuts filling

in brandy, with a dark mass, tender, with a hint

of spices taste very Anglo-Saxon.

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England is one of the countries with

the best system of health worldwide

due to the fact that most of his

inhabitants has access to services

of health of high quality.

England all with 2 systems of health, l public system

(NHS) and private health. And it is the only place in the

world where the nurses (seize) they can prescribe

medicines and he invests a total of 8.4 % of his income.

The National System of Health (NHS) takes charge of

the public British health.

The services that it

provides include

hospitals, family doctors,

specialists, dentists,

pharmacists, optical and

ambulances.

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The British

Crown is a

monarchic

institution of

the

constitutional

type, which

holder, the

British or

Sovereign

Monarch, is

the chief of

State of the

United

Kingdom and

of the British

territories of

overseas. The British monarch is also the chief of State of other fifteen

countries, each of which formed at some

time part of the British Empire - these,

together with the United Kingdom, they

are known as the Kingdoms of the British

Union of Nations. The British current

monarchy can mend his ancient lineage

to the Anglo-Saxon period and, finally,

more behind to the kings of the Anglos.

During the 9th century, Wessex was

done by other kingdoms in England,

specially as result of the extinction of

lines rivals in the country during the first

Age of the Viking’s and also the Turks, by

the 10th century, England remained

consolidated under an alone kingdom.

The crowns English and Scotch were

joined in the person of an alone monarch

about 1603, when Jacobo VI of Scotland

and I of England he acceded to the

throne. The kingdoms of Scotland and

England were joined in the Record of Union of 1707 to constitute the Kingdom

of Great Britain.

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The power of the

monarchy, known as

the royal prerogative,

continue being very

wide. Many of them

the monarch does not

exercise personally, it

is done by the

secretaries who act

under his will.

Example of the

aforesaid thing

constitutes it the

power to regulate the

civil service and the

power to send

passports. The own

monarch exercises

some major power

nominally, operating

under advice the

Prime minister and the Office of the United Kingdom, and in conformity with the

constitutional convention. An example is the power to dissolve to the

Parliament. In agreement with a parliamentary report, 1 " The Crown cannot

create new power prerrogativos ".

It has been found for enough time, in the constitution not codified of the United

Kingdom, that the political power is exercised in last instance by the Parliament,

inside which the sovereign one is not a component partial, together with the

Chamber of the Lores and the Chamber of the Common ones, as well as for the

Prime minister and the Office. Thus, since the British modern monarchy is

constitutional, the paper of the sovereign one in the practice is limited to

functions not partial (as that of being a source of honor).

The current sovereign one is the queen Isabel II, who has reigned from

February 6, 1952. The expectant heir is his first-born, the prince Carlos, Prince

of Wales and Duke of Rothesay. The Prince of Wales takes charge of several

ceremonial public functions, since it is done by the husband of the queen, the

prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. There are other members of the Royal Family,

besides the already mentioned ones, including other children, grandsons and

cousins of the queen

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Justification

The previous work was realized in order to know the English culture to know

detailed his social, political, economic and cultural aspects.

53

Bibliography

http://www.buenastareas.com/ensayos/Sistema-Salud-En-

Inglaterra/1491156.html

http://www.google.com.co/search?q=monarquia+inglesa

http://www.trabajaringlaterra.es/sanidad-england.htm

http://blogosferathermomix.es/thermomixporelmundo

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School Mercedario san Pedro Nolasco

Paula pineda

Eleventh grade

2013

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