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England from 1603-1688 James I 1603-1625 Charles I 1625-1649 Civil War 1642-1649 Oliver Cromwell 1649-1658 Richard Cromwell 1658-1660 Charles II 1660-1685 James II 1685- 1688 William & Mary 1689
James I 1603-1625
Also James VI of Scotland Divine Right of Kings “King is from God and the Law
is from the King” The True Law of Free
Monarchies Book describing his belief in DRK
James’ ProblemsClashed with Puritans who wished to
“purify” the Anglican ChurchParliament resented James’ Divine
Right philosophyParliament controlled legitimate means
to raise taxes
Charles I (1635-1649)Believed in Divine RightStill squabbled with Parliament and
PuritansHad financial problems
Demanded forced loans from his subjects Quartered troops in private homes at
owners expense
Petition of Right 1628Parliament forced Charles I to accept
the “petition of right” before voting him new funds
Petition of right declared illegal: Quartering of troops in private homes Forced loans without consent of parliament Imprisonment without specific charge Declaration of martial law in time of peace
What does Charles do?
Refuses to call Parliament for 11 years! (1629-1640)
Ship Money TaxUses ancient law to tax coastal
townsUses it on inland towns as well
Charles I Religious policies
Forced Puritans to conform to the Church of England
Relaxed restrictions against Roman Catholics 1637 Archbishop of Canterbury, William
Laud, tried to force Anglicanism on Scotland Scotland rebels Charles needs Parliament to raise funds to fight
Parliaments response“The Grand Remonstrance” Parliament refused to raise funds until the
King responded to a list of grievances Charles I dissolves the Parliament after only
three weeks The Short Parliament
Scots attacked Charles inadequate army Charles agreed to pay the Scots to withdraw Calls Parliament again…
The Long Parliament
Long Parliament 1640-1660Parliament forced the King to accept a
whole series of measures to limit his Royal Power
In 1642, King Charles tried to prevent further Parliamentary action by ordering the arrest of five of the leaders of Parliament in opposition to the King
English Civil War (1642-1649)Parliament vs. the King
Two factors led to Parliaments victory over the King: Parliaments alliance with Scotland, John
Pym persuaded Parliament to accept the terms of the Solemn League and Covenant. This agreement committed Parliament to a Presbyterian system of Church government.
The reorganization of the Parliamentary army under Oliver Cromwell-Independent
Victory over the King – The Interregnum Cromwell’s New Model Army won a decisive
victory over the King at the battle of Naesby 1645.
Parliament changed to just 40 Puritans “Rump Parliament” Executed Charles abolished the Monarchy Ended he House of Lords and the Anglican
Church
Lord Protector (1653-1658) (1649-1650) Cromwell invades Ireland to put
down any Catholic revolts Cromwell ends the Rump Parliament and
rules as a military dictator (1653) Lord Protector of England
Dies in 1658 Son Richard becomes Lord Protector for 9 months Parliament seeks changes
Charles II (1660-1685)The Restoration
“Merry Monarch” put the fun back into England Reopened theatres
Treaty of Dover (1670) Needed money, frustrated with Parliament France agreed to pay 200,000 pounds a year to
Charles II Would ease England into Catholicism Convert to Catholicism himself Stop supporting the Dutch in war
Test Act / Clarendon CodesTried to create religious conformity
Had to take the Eucharist in the Anglican Church
Had to follow the Book of Common PrayerPenalties:
Could not vote Could not hold public office Could not teach in schools
James II (1685 - 1688)
Brother of Charles II Catholic (scared parliament) Believed in D. R. K. Dissolves Parliament Last straw…
Has a son - Catholic heir to the throne
The Glorious RevolutionThe Glorious Revolution
Parliament wants change Don’t want another Catholic King
Ask James II daughter to take over Mary and William of Orange
No bloodshed
William and Mary
Constitutional MonarchyConstitutional Monarchy
Monarchs power was limited by the law All monarchs would rule with Parliament Bill of Rights
Can’t dissolve Parliament Freedom of speech in Parliament No taxing without Parliament
Cabinet Group that works with the ruling monarch and
parliament CABAL