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English 12206 English 12206 English IV Lecture English IV Lecture (1) (1) Reported Speech Reported Speech By Munira M. Ismail By Munira M. Ismail
English 12206English 12206English 12206English 12206
English IV Lecture (1)English IV Lecture (1)
Reported SpeechReported SpeechBy Munira M. IsmailBy Munira M. Ismail
English IV Lecture (1)English IV Lecture (1)
Reported SpeechReported SpeechBy Munira M. IsmailBy Munira M. Ismail
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
““Medical English” Medical English”
Ramon Ribes Pablo R. RosRamon Ribes Pablo R. Ros
Objectives: Objectives: By the end of this lecture By the end of this lecture
Students should be able to:Students should be able to:
Report sentences.Report sentences.
Report Questions.Report Questions.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Sentences we say are in Sentences we say are in “Direct Speech”.“Direct Speech”.
If we want to report what someone says to If we want to report what someone says to
someone else, this is called the someone else, this is called the
“ “ Indirect Speech Indirect Speech OR OR Reported speech”Reported speech”
Imagine that you want toImagine that you want to tell tell someone else what someone else what
the patient the patient said.said.
You can either You can either repeatrepeat the patient's words/ usethe patient's words/ use
Reported Speech.Reported Speech.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
““I I havehave a headache”. a headache”. (Direct Speech)(Direct Speech)
The patient The patient sayssays (that) (that) he he hashas a headache. a headache.
(Indirect Speech / Reported Speech)(Indirect Speech / Reported Speech)
““I I studystudy Medicine”. Medicine”. says Nawrassays Nawras
(Direct Speech)(Direct Speech)
Nawras Nawras sayssays (that) (that) sheshe studiesstudies Medicine. Medicine.
(Indirect Speech / Reported Speech)(Indirect Speech / Reported Speech)
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Reported SpeechReported Speech We can use We can use (said)(said) instead of instead of (says).(says).
The reporting verb (The reporting verb (saidsaid) can come ) can come
beforebefore or or afterafter the Reported Clause.the Reported Clause.
““Dr. Ahmad Dr. Ahmad is operating is operating on the new on the new
patient”. said Dr. Adam.patient”. said Dr. Adam.
Dr. Adam said Dr. Adam said (that) ) Dr. Ahmad Dr. Ahmad waswas
operatingoperating on the new patient. on the new patient.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
““The nurse The nurse has taken has taken the blood the blood
pressure.”pressure.”
He He saidsaid ( (that) the nurse ) the nurse had taken had taken the blood the blood
pressure.pressure.
““II’m going ’m going to London next month.”to London next month.”
He He saidsaid ( (that) he ) he waswas going going to London the to London the
following month.following month.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech Reporting in the Present: Reporting in the Present:
When the When the Reporting Verb Reporting Verb is in the is in the PresentPresent
tense, ittense, it isn't isn't necessary to change necessary to change the tense of the tense of
the verb: the verb:
"I"I'll'll helphelp you guys to operate on this knee", Dr. you guys to operate on this knee", Dr.
Hassan says. Hassan says.
Dr. Hassan says (that) he Dr. Hassan says (that) he will help will help us to operate us to operate
on this knee. on this knee.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech Reporting in the Past:Reporting in the Past:
When the Reporting Verb Reporting Verb is in the Past tensePast tense,
the VerbVerb in Direct Speech usually ChangesChanges in
the following ways:
Simple Present → Simple Past. Simple Present → Simple Past.
““The nurse The nurse helpshelps the patient to walk.” the patient to walk.”
He He saidsaid that the nurse that the nurse helpedhelped the patient to the patient to
walk.walk.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Present Continuous Present Continuous → → Past Continuous.Past Continuous.
““AmnaAmna is doing is doing her homework.”her homework.”
He said that Amna He said that Amna was doing was doing her homework.her homework.
Simple Past → Past Perfect. Simple Past → Past Perfect.
““The ambulance The ambulance tooktook the injured man to the the injured man to the
hospital.”hospital.”
He said that the ambulance He said that the ambulance had takenhad taken the injured the injured
man to the hospital.man to the hospital.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Past Continuous Past Continuous → → Past Perfect Past Perfect
Continuous. Continuous.
““The patient The patient was waiting was waiting in the in the
corridor.”corridor.”
The nurse said that the patient The nurse said that the patient had had
been waiting been waiting in the corridor.in the corridor.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Present Perfect Present Perfect → → Past Perfect. Past Perfect.
““Dr. Khalid Dr. Khalid has arrived has arrived at the hospital.”at the hospital.”
He said that Dr. Khalid He said that Dr. Khalid had arrived had arrived at at
the hospital.the hospital.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Present Perfect Continuous Present Perfect Continuous → → Past Past
Perfect Continuous. Perfect Continuous.
““II have been studying have been studying MR imaging for MR imaging for
three months." ( said Dr. Salim)three months." ( said Dr. Salim)
Dr. Salim said that he Dr. Salim said that he had been had been
studying studying MR imaging for three months.MR imaging for three months.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech Past Perfect Past Perfect stays stays the Same. the Same.
““I I had worked had worked as a doctor all as a doctor all mymy life.” life.”
She said that she She said that she had worked had worked as a doctor all as a doctor all herher
life.life.
““She She had learned had learned Spanish in Spain.” (Mother Spanish in Spain.” (Mother
said)said)
Mother said that she Mother said that she had learned had learned Spanish in Spanish in
Spain.Spain.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
FutureFuture → → Conditional. Conditional.
““II will attend will attend the international the international
conference.”conference.”
He said that he He said that he would attend would attend the the
international conference. international conference.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Future Continuous Future Continuous → → Conditional Conditional
Continuous.Continuous.
““II will be operating will be operating on the patient we on the patient we
talked about.” ( said Dr. Fatima)talked about.” ( said Dr. Fatima)
Dr. Fatima said that she Dr. Fatima said that she would be would be
operating operating on the patient we talked about.on the patient we talked about.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Future Perfect Future Perfect → → Conditional PerfectConditional Perfect. .
““The liver The liver will have will have already already arrivedarrived by by
the time we begin the transplantation.”the time we begin the transplantation.”
The Doctor said that the liver The Doctor said that the liver would would
have have already already arrivedarrived by the time we by the time we
begin the transplantation.begin the transplantation.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
ConditionalConditional staysstays the same. the same.
“ “I I would try would try to contact the hospital to contact the hospital
again.”again.”
He said that he He said that he would try would try to contact the to contact the
hospital again.hospital again.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Pronouns,Pronouns, and and AdverbsAdverbs also Change: also Change:
First Person Singular → Third Person First Person Singular → Third Person
Singular. Singular.
““II waswas on call yesterday.” on call yesterday.”
He said that He said that hehe had been had been on call the on call the
day before.day before.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Second Person Singular → First Person Second Person Singular → First Person
““YouYou ought to be ought to be here on time.”here on time.”
He said that He said that II ought to be ought to be there on time.there on time.
First Person Plural →First Person Plural → Third Person Plural. Third Person Plural.
““We We enjoyedenjoyed our holiday.” our holiday.”
They said that They said that they they had enjoyed had enjoyed their their
holiday.holiday.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Second Person Plural Second Person Plural → → First Person First Person
Plural. Plural.
““You You werewere residents last year.” residents last year.”
The doctors said that The doctors said that we we had been had been
residents the year before.residents the year before.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Now Now → → then. then. TodayToday → → that day. that day.
TomorrowTomorrow → the day after → the day after
““I’m on call I’m on call tomorrow.”tomorrow.”
She said that she was on callShe said that she was on call the day after.the day after.
YesterdayYesterday → → the day before. the day before.
This This → → that.that. Here Here → → there. there.
Ago Ago → → before.before.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech It isIt is not not always always necessarynecessary to to changechange the the verb verb
when you usewhen you use Reported Speech. Reported Speech.
If you are reporting something and you If you are reporting something and you feelfeel that that
it is it is still truestill true, you do , you do not need not need to change the to change the
tense of the verb, but if you tense of the verb, but if you wantwant you you cancan do it: do it:
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Reported SpeechReported Speech ““The treatment of choice of HZV infections The treatment of choice of HZV infections is is
acyclovir.” acyclovir.”
He He saidsaid (that) (that) the treatment of choice of HZV the treatment of choice of HZV
infections infections is is acyclovir. acyclovir.
He He saidsaid (that) (that) the treatment of choice of HZV the treatment of choice of HZV
infections infections waswas acyclovir. acyclovir.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech Reporting Questions: Reporting Questions:
(1) (1) YesYes and and NoNo Questions Questions
We use We use whetherwhether or or if: if:
““DoDo you you smokesmoke?”?”
The doctor The doctor askedasked ifif I I smoked .smoked .
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Reported SpeechReported Speech ““HaveHave you you hadhad any diarrhea?” any diarrhea?”
The doctor The doctor askedasked me me whetherwhether I I had hadhad had any diarrhea any diarrhea
or not. or not.
““AreAre you you takingtaking any pills or medicines at the any pills or medicines at the
moment?” moment?”
The doctorThe doctor asked asked me me ifif I I was taking was taking any pills or any pills or
medicines then. medicines then.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
(2) (2) WhWh . . . Questions: . . . Questions:
We use the We use the same question word same question word as in as in
the the Wh... question: Wh... question:
““How often How often dodo youyou havehave headaches?” headaches?”
The doctor The doctor askedasked how often how often II had had
headaches. headaches.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
““What kind of What kind of antibiotics antibiotics are are youyou taking?” taking?”
The doctor The doctor askedasked me me what kind of what kind of
antibiotics antibiotics II was taking.was taking.
Reported Questions Reported Questions have the following have the following
Characteristics: Characteristics:
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
The The Word Order Word Order is is DifferentDifferent from the from the OriginalOriginal
question. question. The The verbverb follows the follows the subjectsubject as in as in
an Ordinary Statement. an Ordinary Statement.
The The auxiliaryauxiliary verb verb dodo is is not used.not used.
There is There is nono question mark. question mark.
The The verb changes verb changes in the same way as in in the same way as in
Direct Speech.Direct Speech.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
““How old How old areare you?” you?”
The doctor The doctor asked asked me me how old how old I I was. was.
““DoDo you you playplay tennis?” tennis?”
The doctor The doctor askedasked me me if if I I playedplayed
tennis. tennis.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
Reporting Orders and Requests Reporting Orders and Requests
Subject + told + (pronoun) + to + Subject + told + (pronoun) + to +
infinitive + object (indirect): infinitive + object (indirect):
““TakeTake the pills before meals.” the pills before meals.”
The doctor The doctor toldtold me me to take to take the pills the pills
before meals. before meals.
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
““You You mustn'tmustn't smoke.” smoke.”
The doctor The doctor toldtold me me not to not to smoke. smoke.
Reporting Suggestions and Advice Reporting Suggestions and Advice
SuggestionsSuggestions and and adviceadvice are reported in are reported in
the following forms:the following forms:
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Reported SpeechReported Speech
(1) Suggestions :(1) Suggestions :
““Why don't we Why don't we operateoperate on that patient this on that patient this
evening?” evening?”
The surgeon The surgeon suggestedsuggested operatingoperating on that on that
patient that evening. patient that evening.
(2) Advice:(2) Advice:““You You had better had better staystay in bed.” in bed.”
The doctor The doctor advisedadvised me me to stay to stay in bed. in bed.
