1. Affixation 1 These verbs each use two different noun suffixes to form nouns. Add the appropriate suffixes to each of them and put the derived nouns in the relevant sentences in the correct form. Try to work out the nouns first before you check them in a dictionary. admit, consult, deliver, enter, refer, succeed 1. There were so many fans waiting for the group to arrive at the concert hall that they had to go in by the back ____________________. 2. I'm sorry, madam. We don't have any eggs left in the shop, but we're expecting a ____________________ tomorrow. 3. The ____________________ by the national team captain, that he had taken money to lose games, shocked the whole nation. 4. I left my job in the company last year and started my own ____________________ to advise people going into business for the first time. 5. After the ____________________ of his case to the Appeals Court, he felt that he would finally get out of prison. 6. In his speech the president made a number of ____________________ to the previous day's events. 7. It snowed for twelve days in ____________________ last December. 8. No ____________________ for children unless accompanied by an adult. 9.We can't go down that road. There's a no ____________________ sign. 10. It's very difficult for us to accept losing, especially as we have enjoyed so much ____________________ for such a long time. 11. The people prayed to God for ____________________ from the misfortunes that they were suffering. 12. My doctor arranged a ____________________ for me with an eye specialist. 2. Affixation 2
Transcript
1. Affixation 1
These verbs each use two different noun suffixes to form nouns. Add the appropriate suffixes to each of them and put the derived nouns in the relevant sentences in the correct form. Try to work out the nouns first before you check them in a dictionary.
admit, consult, deliver, enter, refer, succeed
1. There were so many fans waiting for the group to arrive at the concert hall that they had to go in by the back ____________________.
2. I'm sorry, madam. We don't have any eggs left in the shop, but we're expecting a ____________________ tomorrow.
3. The ____________________ by the national team captain, that he had taken money to lose games, shocked the whole nation.
4. I left my job in the company last year and started my own ____________________ to advise people going into business for the first time.
5. After the ____________________ of his case to the Appeals Court, he felt that he would finally get out of prison.
6. In his speech the president made a number of ____________________ to the previous day's events.
7. It snowed for twelve days in ____________________ last December.
8. No ____________________ for children unless accompanied by an adult.
9.We can't go down that road. There's a no ____________________ sign.
10. It's very difficult for us to accept losing, especially as we have enjoyed so much ____________________ for such a long time.
11. The people prayed to God for ____________________ from the misfortunes that they were suffering.
12. My doctor arranged a ____________________ for me with an eye specialist.
2. Affixation 2
The affixes on these words change the meanings of the words, sometimes radically, but usually partly. Put the appropriate form in each sentence.
1. The ____________________ of the bus is always shown on the front.
2. We have only one ____________________, and that is to win the World Cup.
3. The snow has closed the airport, so we've had to make ____________________ travel arrangements.
4. After a ____________________ of six defeats, the club decided to change the manager.
5. His plans for his holiday are completely at ____________________ with his wife's. She wants to visit historical and cultural sites, but he just wants to lie on the beach.
6. I'll organise the party if no one has any ____________________ to my doing it.
7. In the desert there is a huge ____________________ between the temperatures in the day and those in the night.
8. As he was driving he saw a strange ____________________ in the night sky. It had lights along its side and was following him.
9. We hold meetings on ____________________ Mondays, so there's one today and another in two weeks.
10. There's a new drama ____________________ starting tonight on television. I really want to see it.
11. He devoted all his life to becoming the president of his country because he believed that it was his ____________________.
12. Unfortunately for our holiday plans, the weather was the one ____________________ that we could not control.
3. Body words describing people
This exercise practise words which are combinations of body words with other words and are used to describe types of people and characteristics. Choose the correct part of the body to complete the combination in each sentence.
belly, bones, brain, eye, eyes, fingers, head (2), heart, mouth
1. At school the other children used to call him four-________________ because of his glasses.
2. I don't believe it! How could you drop that glass? You're such a butter-________________.
3. When the actor, Robert Redford, was younger many women loved going to see his films. He was a real ________________-throb.
4. You have to explain the same thing to him two or three times before he understands. He's a real block-________________.
5. John's a real lazy-________________. He never does anything around the house. He just prefers to watch TV all day.
6. When I was at school I was a real yellow-________________. If any of the other boys wanted to fight I just ran away as fast as I could.
7. The professor constantly forgets what he is supposed to do and is completely disorganised. It's incredible that such a bird-________________ could run a university department.
8. Frank is a real dead-________________. When he shoots he never misses. He's going to captain the shooting team at the Olympics.
9. I wish Dale would shut up once in a while. He's such a loud-________________. He has to let everyone know when he's around.
10. Angela is the egg-________________ in the family. She knows so much about physics that she's going to the top university in the country to study it.
4. Body Words - Eye
This exercise practises extended meanings of eye. Read through these texts and fill each gap with one of the expressions containing eye with the same meaning as the word or phrase in brackets. Make sure you change the grammar where necessary.
private eye, one in the eye, shut-eye, raised eyebrows, an eye for an eye, cast one's eyes over, you're a sight for sore eyes, more to him/her than meets the eye, keep an eye on, with one's eyes open
1. Can you ____________________ (look after) the children for me for a few minutes?
2. I've been up all night. I really need a few hours' _______________________ (sleep).
3. He went into this agreement ________________________ (with full knowledge).
4. He was suspicious of his partner's motives, so he hired a ____________________ (detective) to keep a check on him.
5. He wants ________________________ (revenge) for what the criminals did to him.
6. The president had hoped to win the vote, so losing it was ________________________ (a big disappointment).
7. There were many ________________________ (surprised reactions) when the Prime Minister announced he was going to cut taxes.
8. I've ________________________ (carefully examined) the plan and everything looks fine.
9. Well, well! ____________________________ (It's wonderful to see you). I was beginning to think no one was coming to the party.
10. Be careful! She seems quite innocent, but there's ___________________________(a lot hidden about her).
5. Body Words - Hand
This exercise practises extended meanings of hand. Read through these texts and fill each gap with one of the expressions containing hand with the same meaning as the word or phrase in brackets. Make sure you change the grammar where necessary.
out of hand, to hand, underhand, from hand to mouth, have one's hands tied, backhander, handy, hand it to, give someone a hand, in hand
When I was young we were very poor and lived (1) ____________________ (on very little money). My father's money was spent every week and we never had any money (2) ___________________ (in reserve). My father tried to borrow money from the bank, but he was always refused (3) ____________________ (without consideration). However, my father was a (4) ____________________ (useful) person for some employers to have (5) ____________________ (available).
It seems that corruption in the police force has grown. Some officers have been filmed acting in a very (6) ____________________ (suspicious) manner and one was caught accepting a (7) ____________________ (bribe) from a motorist who he had stopped.
You've got to (8) ____________________ (admire) John for what he has achieved in his exams. I wanted to help him, but I (9) ____________________ (was not allowed to) because I'm the chief examiner. I think we should all (10) ____________________(applaud him) for his great effort and success.
6. Body words used as verbs
This exercise practises body words when they are used as verbs. Put the correct verb into each space. Make sure you use the correct form depending on what it is doing in the sentence.
1. We still have a lot to do to finish this job in time. So I want everyone to ________________ under and work hard to get it done.
2. Well, I suppose that as I am the oldest and most experienced person here I should ________________ the responsibility for the project.
3. Have you seen the new neighbours? I don't like them. They're always ________________ around to see what other people are doing.
4. Alan is such an awful person to have around. I can't ________________ him and his behaviour. If he comes to the party, I'm going.
5. When I was at school we used to smoke behind the bicycle shed. If we saw a teacher coming, we'd ________________ it pretty quickly.
6. Don't worry. If you choose to appeal against the decision, I'll support you. I'll ________________ you all the way.
7. Don't look now, but there's a man over the road ________________ us up. I wonder who he is and what he wants?
8. Detective Inspector Stevens is ________________ the investigation. She'll be here in five minutes to tell us what we're going to do.
9. Let's go and eat out somewhere nice. Don't worry about paying. I'll ________________ the bill.
10. Before I buy a new book I like to ________________ through it for a few minutes to see if I'll like it.
11. This is a very important project and if we are to succeed everyone must ________________ the line and do what I say. If you don't like it, you can leave.
12. How rude can you get! She just ________________ her way through to the front of the queue.
7. Clothes
This exercise practises extended meanings of words denoting clothes. Read through these texts and fill each gap with one of the clothes expressions with the same meaning as the word or phrase in brackets. Make sure you change the grammar where necessary.
pull one's socks up, roll up one's sleeves, shirty, wear the trousers, take one's hat off to, boot out of, tighten one's belt, belt up, with kid gloves, in someone's shoes
1. John likes to think he's in control, but it's really his wife who ________________ (is in control) in their house.
2. Don't get ___________________ (annoyed) with me. It's not my fault.
3. I wouldn't like to be ____________________ (in your situation) when Mum finds out it was you who broke the window.
4. You'll have to ____________________ (make a greater effort) and work much harder if you want to pass the exam.
5. The police caught them fighting and they were ____________________ (ejected from) the football ground.
6. If we're going to get this work finished we'll have to ____________________ (prepare to work harder).
7. Look, will you just ____________________ (keep quiet). I don't want to hear another word from you.
8. We've got very little money left to spend so we'll have to ____________________ (stop using so much).
9. Stop treating your children ____________________ (so leniently). You have to show them real discipline if they are to learn.
10. You've got to ____________________ (admire) John. He really knows how to pass exams.
8. Colours 1
This exercise practises extended meanings of words denoting colours. Read through this text and fill each gap with one of the colours in the list.
blue (2), green (2), purple, red (2), white (3)
I went to a football game last week. It was very eventful. First of all the weather was so bad that the match was almost called off, but it got better and the referee gave it the (1) ________________ light half an hour before the start. The match was very hard and there were many fouls on both sides. One player on our side was badly fouled, saw (2) _______________, and punched the other player. He was sent off. Then their team scored a goal and that was it. Our team put up the (3) ________________ flag and were (4) ________________-washed 5-0.Their team played so well they were (5) ________________ hot.
Our team's fans screamed and shouted till they were (6) ________________ in the face and (7) ________________ with rage. In the end the losers felt (8) ________________, especially the one who scored an own goal. He was (9) ________________-faced. When I see the talent in their team and the lack of talent in ours I go (10) ________________ with envy.
9. Colours 2
This exercise practises extended meanings of words denoting colours. Put one of the colours in the list into the gap in each of the sentences.
black, blue (2), green, pink, purple, red (4), white
1. The government has promised to cut ________________ tape in the bureaucracy and help people get their passports more quickly.
2. I very rarely eat out these days, just once in a _______________ moon.
3. I was a bit ill last week but I feel a lot better now. I really feel in the ________________.
4. Michael really has ________________ fingers. Everything in his garden looks wonderful
5. The government considers the president's visit so important that they are giving him the full ________________ carpet treatment.
6. Arsenal have won their last ten games. They're really having a ________________ patch.
7. Joanna claims that she's related to the royal family, but I don't believe that she has ________________ blood at all.
8. When I bought this business it was losing thousands of pounds every month and was seriously in the ________________. Now we're completely in the ________________, have paid off all our debts, and are making lots of money.
9. The government should never have started the Mars explorer project. It's long overdue and is costing far more than originally planned. They'll never get their money back. It's a complete ________________ elephant.
10. When the soft drinks company found out that some of its products contained a deadly acid, it issued a ________________ alert to all the supermarkets to clear it from their shelves.
10. Extended meanings - Animal words
This exercise practises words denoting animals, which can be used with other meanings, often as verbs. Choose one word to put into each space depending on whether it is a verb or a noun. Remember to use the correct form of the word depending on its use in the sentence.
ape, cow, crocodile, dog, donkey, guinea pig, horse, lion, monkey, parrot, rat, wolf
1. The problem with genetically modified foods is that no one really knows their effect on people. We are being used as ____________________.
2. I'm fed up with ____________________ what they say. I have a mind of my own and I want to express my own opinion.
3. We used to work together, but then he ____________________ on me and I lost my job. I never want to see him again.
4. The bank said that they really regretted taking my house to pay off the loan, but I don't believe them. They're just crying ____________________ tears.
5. I don't see any difference between this new government and the last one. They're just ____________________ what they did.
6. Typical! You just sit around relaxing and leave me to do all the ____________________ work.
7. This problem has been ____________________ me ever since I was a teenager.
8. Don't ____________________ down your food so quickly. You'll get a bad stomach.
9. He threatened me but I'm not ____________________ at all. I won't let him hurt me.
10. Who's been ____________________ around with the video controls? Nothing seems to work.
11. I did most of the work so I should get the ____________________ share of the money.
12. Can you children stop ____________________ around in here? You'll break something. Why don't you go out and play?
11. Extended meanings - Body words
This exercise practises words denoting parts of the body, which can be used with other meanings, often as verbs. Choose one word to put into each space depending on whether it is a verb or a noun. Remember to use the correct form of the word depending on its use in the sentence.
1. Listen to me and do as I say. And don't give me any ________________.
2. I want you to _______________ up the team. You're the right person for the job.
3. OK, come on everybody! Break's finished. It's time to ________________ down and do some work.
4. What are the police doing ________________ around here? They won't find anything.
5. That man has a real ________________. How dare he ask me about my private life!
6. Can you give me a straight answer and not ________________ me off with some ridiculous explanation?
7. That man is so rude! He just ________________ his way to the front of the queue.
8. In this organisation, if you don't ________________ the line you won't stand a chance of promotion or extra benefits.
9. I've got to ________________ it to you. You were the best competitor and deserved to win.
10. This is typical of the company. The bosses all sit in the nice comfortable offices and we have to do all the ________________ word.
11. I'm afraid you should have been there when the incident happened. You'll have to ________________ the responsibility for any damage.
12. Who are those men ________________ us up? I wonder what they want.
12. Function or Place 1
Certain words denoting places in English can be used with or without the definite article following a preposition. If the article is absent the word indicates the function of the place rather than just the place itself when the article is present, e.g.:
He's at college = He's studying.
He's at the college = He's at the college building (probably doing something else).
For each gap choose one of the prepositions below and one of the place words. Put them in with or without the definite article depending on the meaning.
at, on, in, to - church, college, court (2), home, hospital, prison, school, town, university
When I was a boy (1) ________________ I used to play tennis. I used to love being (2) _______________ playing tennis all day, but I failed all my exams because I didn't study. Then when I was 16 I decided to go (3) ________________ and prepare for the university entry exams. Later when I was (4) ________________ doing my degree I got into trouble when I went on a demonstration. There was a lot of fighting with the police and I was
arrested. When I appeared (5) ________________ I was fined £100 and conditionally discharged. I was very relieved as I didn't want to end up (6) ________________ and get a criminal record.
Soon after that I was in a night club (7) ____________xxx____ one evening and met a lovely girl who worked as a nurse (8) ________________. We fell in love and last week we got married (9) ________________ at the end of our road. Now we're looking forward to a quiet life (10) ________________ together.
13. Function or Place 2
Certain words denoting places in English can be used with or without the definite article following a preposition. If the article is absent the word indicates the function of the place rather than just the place itself when the article is present, eg:
He's at college = He's studying.
He's at the college = He's at the college building (probably doing something else).
For each of the pairs of sentences below decide first which place word and preposition will go in both sentences, and then decide which of the two sentences takes the article and which does not.
at, in, to - church, court, home, prison, school, university
1a. I studied very hard ____________________ to pass my exams when I was a boy.
1b. I went ____________________ yesterday evening to talk to my son's teacher.
2a. I'm going ____________________ to visit my wife, who works there as a nurse.
2b. After the accident the injured passengers were taken ____________________.
3a. The three men appeared ____________________ yesterday on a robbery charge.
3b. If you want to see the trial you should go early because there's not much room ____________________.
4a. Peter's got an interview for a job ____________________ preparing inmates for jobs when they get out.
4b. Mike spent five years ____________________ for a crime that he didn't commit.
5a. Mary had a great time ____________________ but easily got her degree.
5b. There's going to be a concert in the student union building ____________________ tonight.
6a. My mother is too old to take care of herself so she has to live ____________________ for old people at the end of the road.
6b. I'll be ____________________ tonight after 11.00.
7a. There are some beautiful stained glass windows ____________________ on the corner.
7b. Not many people go ____________________ on Sunday mornings these days.
14. Good Page
This exercise practises different uses of the word good. Read through this text and fill each gap with one of the prepositions in the list.
about, to, with, of, on, at (2), for (2)
At school I was always told that physical exercise was good (1)________________ me, but I was never really good (2) _______________ sports. My teacher always reminded me of this and called me good (3) ________________ nothing. However, I then discovered boxing. I was so happy when I finally realised I was good (4) ________________ my hands (5) ________________ something.
My teacher stopped criticising me and actually began to praise me. "Good (6) ________________ you!" he would say as I won another fight. I thought it was very good (7) ________________ him to help me win the national championship. Now I'm world champion and very rich. Boxing has been very good (8) ________________ me. Even when I knocked out my last opponent he was very good (9) ________________ it and told me not to worry.
15. Latin/German 1
English is a Germanic language, that is, it belongs to the same family of languages as German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish and shares a core vocabulary with these languages. However, a very large proportion of words in English derive from Latin, which is the mother language of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian.
As a result, English has many synonym pairs, with one from Germanic and one from Latin or French. Usually, if the Germanic synonym is informal or colloquial, the Latin synonym is neutral or more formal. If the Germanic synonym is neutral, the Latin synonym is either also neutral or more formal than the Germanic one.
This worksheet explores some of these synonyms and aims to familiarise the student with the contexts in which they are used. Each of the sentence pairs has a gap to be filled by either a Germanic or a Latin verb. First, match the synonyms in the table and then fill the gaps.
English is a Germanic language, that is, it belongs to the same family of languages as German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish and shares a core vocabulary with these languages. However, a very large proportion of words in English derive from Latin, which is the mother language of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian.
As a result, English has many synonym pairs, with one from Germanic and one from Latin or French. Usually, if the Germanic synonym is informal or colloquial, the Latin synonym is neutral or more formal. If the Germanic synonym is neutral, the Latin synonym is either also neutral or more formal than the Germanic one.
This worksheet explores some of these synonyms and aims to familiarise the student with the contexts in which they are used. Each of the sentence pairs has a gap to be filled by either a Germanic or a Latin verb. First, match the synonyms in the table and then fill the gaps.
1.Thirty ____________________ applied for the ____________________ position of Office Manager.
2. When she opened the door after the burglary an awful ____________________ met her eyes.
3. The announcement came that the day's proceedings would ____________________ an hour late at 10.00.
4. "Come here and give your grandmother a big ____________________ ," she cried. "I haven't seen you for so long."
5. Last year the population of Great Britain ____________________ 10 million tonnes of potatoes.
6. They said that the game would ____________________ late.
7. When he arrived at the hall for the meeting it was ____________________ . "Where is everybody?" he thought.
8. Humans long ago realised that it was more advantageous to capture and keep animals in their care than to hunt them. Thus, the first animals were ____________________ .
9. The ____________________ around here are very friendly. You'll like them a lot.
10. The president said that he had a ____________________ of life in a country where everyone would have work and no one would go hungry.
11. "The exam will ____________________ at 4.00," the teacher announced. "Please leave your papers on your tables and leave quietly."
12. After they had signed the peace agreement the two presidents ____________________ each other.
13. "Right, I'm ready, " said Detective Jones. "Let's go and ____________________ these crooks."
14. "Don't ____________________ your food so quickly," Mary's mother said.
15. "When I grow up I want to join the circus and ____________________ lions," said little Jimmy.
16. The police decided to ____________________ the operation when it became evident that they could not ____________________ the ____________________.
17. Latin/German - Teacher's page
English is a Germanic language, that is, it belongs to the same family of languages as German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish and shares a core vocabulary with these languages. However, a very large proportion of words in English derive from Latin, which is the mother language of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian.
Latin-derived words have entered English at various times over the last 2000 years. Until the Norman conquest in 1066 these words were absorbed into the language of the time and assimilated. However, after the Norman conquest French became the prestige language for some 200 years. Only in the late Middle Ages did French cease to be spoken exclusively by the upper classes and English begin to reassert itself. However, hundreds of French and Latin words were assimilated into English, mostly in more formal, educated and religious situations. Since then English has continued to absorb Latin-based words.
While many French-derived words have displaced Old English words and become parts of the standard, everyday vocabulary of the modern language, there remain many words derived from French and Latin which are used in more formal situations. Hence, we often have a choice of two or more words or phrases which mean more or less the same thing, but which are used in different situations. Generally, the Germanic-derived words are either more widely used or more colloquial and informal than the Latin-derived words. Look at the following examples with the focus word underlined:
Germanic: I got a new car yesterday. It goes really well.
Latin: In his life Shakespeare acquired a reputation for being an exceptionally talented playwright.
Although got and acquired have the same meanings they would sound rather awkward if they exchanged positions.
The worksheets in this section are designed to help students acquire a greater feel for choosing vocabulary depending on register and situation,
based on the above analysis. The same section in the forthcoming 200 password-protected pages will include more background information and a framework for classifying the register and origin of each word.
18. Latin/German 2
English is a Germanic language, that is, it belongs to the same family of languages as German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish and shares a core vocabulary with these languages. However, a very large proportion of words in English derive from Latin, which is the mother language of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian.
As a result, English has many synonym pairs, with one from Germanic and one from Latin or French. Usually, if the Germanic synonym is informal or colloquial, the Latin synonym is neutral or more formal. If the Germanic synonym is neutral, the Latin synonym is either also neutral or more formal than the Germanic one.
The sentences below are in pairs, with sentence a) in each pair expressed in informal or colloquial language , and sentence b) expressed in more formal or official language.
After reading through the sentence pairs to get the gist, for each pair select a phrasal verb (which are mostly Germanic in origin) from box A and put it in sentence a and then choose a Latin derived word from box B to put in sentence b.
A B
get off, go along, go off, join in, make up, pay back, pick up, put up, put up with, run away, tip off, watch over
1a. I'm not going to ____________________ this noise any longer.
1b. The Prime Minister said today that he would no longer ____________________ benefit fraud.
2a. Urgh! Who left the milk out? It's ____________________.
2b. After the flood dead animals lay everywhere, ____________________ in the hot sun.
3a. It's too late for me to go home. Can you __________ me ________ for the night?
3b. This hotel can ____________________ 56 guests.
4a. Could you ____________________ the kids for me for a few minutes?
4b. There will be no teaching in the last week of term, but all the teachers are expected to ____________________ the examinations.
5a. You can't ride on the pavement. ____________________ your bike and push it.
5b. Cyclists must ____________________ before crossing the road.
6a. Can you __________ me _________ the £20 that you borrowed from me last week?
6b. If the goods are faulty we will ____________________ you on the production of a receipt.
7a. Come here and ____________________ our game. We need another player.
7b. The organisers of the competition are looking for more people to ____________________.
8a. His explanation is a pack of lies. He __________ it all __________.
8b. The defence lawyer told the court that the police had ____________________ the confession and that it was therefore invalid.
9a. Don't worry. It's very easy to learn. You'll __________ it __________ as we ____________________.
9b. The foreign students had to ____________________ the language as they ____________________ through their studies.
10a. There's nobody here. They've all ____________________. Someone must have __________ them __________ that we were coming.
10b. The forgers ____________________ because someone ____________________them that the police were going to raid the warehouse that night.
19. Latin Root scrib/scrip
English is a Germanic language, that is, it belongs to the same family of languages as German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish and shares a core vocabulary with these languages. However, a very large proportion of words in English derive from Latin, which is the mother language of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian. The worksheets in this section explore some of the roots and prefixes which come from Latin, either directly or through French.
In this worksheet, we examine the root scrib/scrip, which means write in Latin. The prefixes used in these words generally, but not always, have specific meanings. These will be dealt with in the Affixation section when all the worksheets come online.
Put each of the words into the correct sentences in the correct form.
1. Can you ________________ the people who attacked you?
2. It was difficult to read what the old man had ________________ on the piece of paper.
3. The ________________ on the tomb said "In loving memory of our dear father".
4. The doctor ________________ antidepressants for her to try and improve her mental condition.
5. No one is sure who said these words, but they are ________________ to Julius Caesar.
6. The opposition party was becoming so powerful that the government became extremely worried and ________________ it, putting its leaders in jail.
7. When the war broke out, many young men were ________________ into the army, many against their wishes.
8. Many religious people believe that the Bible and other ________________ are the absolute truth revealed by God.
9. After recording the speech she made a ________________ on her computer and printed it out.
10. If you want to ________________ to "Student Weekly" magazine for a year, send £30 to us today.
20. Latin Root spec/spic
English is a Germanic language, that is, it belongs to the same family of languages as German, Dutch, Swedish, Norwegian and Danish and shares a core vocabulary with these languages. However, a very large proportion of words in English derive from Latin, which is the mother language of French, Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian. The worksheets in this section explore some of the roots and prefixes which come from Latin, either directly or through French.
In this worksheet, we examine the root spec/spic, which means look in Latin. The prefixes used in these words generally, but not always, have specific meanings. These will be dealt with in the Affixation section when all the pages come online.
Put each of the words into the correct sentences in the correct form.
1. If I pass the exam my ________________ for finding work will be excellent.
2. We should all ________________ other people's views.
3. After the ________________ the college received a good report from the Department for Education.
4. John's parents had very high ________________ of him, so his poor exam results were very disappointing.
5. When dealing with such an important and complicated matter, it is necessary to be ________________.
6. Before making a decision we have to examine every ________________ of the plan.
7. Talking to someone else about your problems helps you to see them from a new ________________.
8. Peter looked very ________________ in his white suit.
9. Police ________________ him of killing his wife, but they had no evidence.
10. Jane should stop talking about everybody else and think more about what she's doing. she should be more ________________.
21. Middle Verbs here
Teacher's notes
Middle verbs are verbs which can either be transitive or intransitive. When they are transitive, they can take an object and can also be made passive. When they are intransitive, they do not take an object. Look at these examples:
(a) The fire burned the house. - transitive/active
(b) The house was burned by the fire. - transitive/passive
(c) The house burned. - intransitive/middle
In sentence (a) burned is active because it has the object the house.
In sentence (b) was burned is passive, with the house, the object of sentence (a) becoming the subject of the passive verb, and the fire becoming the agent.
In sentence (c) burned is not transitive, because the house is the subject and houses cannot burn anything. It is not passive, because there is no passive construction. It is technically active, but also intransitive, as there is no object. In effect, it shares both active and passive features, which is why we refer to it as middle.
There are many middle verbs in English. Some of them appear in the worksheets in this section, but there will be many more in the password- protected worksheets when they come on line. In other textbooks and grammar books, they may be referred to differently (or not at all).
22. Middle Verbs 1
There are many verbs in English which can be used in the active, middle or passive (see the teacher's page). Look at these verbs and put them in the correct sentences in the correct form. Then state whether they are active, middle or passive by putting a, m or p after the sentence.
change, drive, feel, increase, return
1. The government has ________________ tax on cigarettes and alcohol.
2. The explosion was so powerful it could ________________ up to two miles away.
3. After he came out of prison I could see that he had ________________ a great deal.
4. I ________________ the car from London to Paris in six hours last week.
5. I have to ________________ these books tomorrow or I'll get a fine.
6. I ________________ my head and found blood coming from a cut caused by the fall.
7. She ________________ home by the police after they had questioned her.
8. When everyone has gone and you've locked up, make sure that the keys ________________ to the security cupboard.
9. John decided to ________________ his name from Smith to Jones.
10. Last month inflation ________________ from 1% to 1.5%.
11. When I finished my last exam I ________________ fantastic.
12. When Adrian came back from holiday he found that the locks had ________________ and he couldn't get in to his house.
13. I can't wait for the warm weather to ________________.
14. My new car ________________ beautifully.
23. Middle Verbs 2
There are many verbs in English which can be used in the active, middle or passive (see the teacher's page). Look at these verbs and put them in the correct sentences in the correct form. Then state whether they are active, middle or passive by putting a, m or p after the sentence.
break, close, develop, end, give
1. When the film ________________ everyone was crying.
2. He ________________ the door quietly and walked off down the street.
3. After the election, the new government promised they would provide millions of dollars to ________________ new industries.
4. I don't really like this sofa. It ________________ too much and I prefer something firmer.
5. His leg ________________ in two place as a result of the accident.
6. At first the demonstration was peaceful but then fighting started and ________________ into running battles with the police.
7. This ring ________________ to me by my mother and to her by her mother.
8. All the shops in this town ________________ at 1.00 on Wednesdays.
9. Johnson has ________________ the world 100 metre record for the second time this year.
10. She decided to ________________ her marriage after she found out about her husband's affair.
11. When she poured the hot water into the glass it suddenly ________________.
12. The new study plan ________________ by the teachers and the students together.
13. The game ________________ early by the referee when it started snowing.
14. I ________________ my son a new computer for his birthday last week.
15. This gate must ________________ after use to keep animals out.
24. Noun or Verb 1
There are many words in English which can be either nouns or verbs (sometimes adjectives). Use each of these words twice to fill the gaps in each sentence, once as a noun/adjective and once as a verb. Make sure they go in the correct forms to fit in the sentences. Think about what makes them nouns or verbs in the sentences.
1. This price rise will have a terrible ________________ on the sales of cars in this country.
2. The management is trying to ________________ me into withdrawing my complaint, but I'm not going to let them stop me.
3. Inflation is increasing at a very slow ________________ of only 0.5%.
4. The money was ________________ in a briefcase and left in the office.
5. Don't worry. I'll ________________ you all the way. You can depend on me.
6. After ten years as a football manager he had ________________ significantly, as his grey hair showed.
7. I'm giving up my job. There's just too much ________________ and I can't cope.
8. I'm at university now, ________________ in History.
9. The college authorities today ________________ an important change in the selection process.
10. Which direction are you ________________ in, London or Birmingham?
11. I've had a bad ________________ for months now. I've even had to stop work because I can't pick up anything heavy.
12. I'm really delighted. I've just been promoted to the post of ________________ of sales.
13. After the party there were glasses, cans and bottles all over the ________________.
14. I ________________ that film as one of the best I have ever seen.
15. I wouldn't buy that car if I were you. It would be a ________________ mistake.
16. There were so many delays that it took ________________ to get home.
25. Noun or Verb 2
There are many words in English, which can be either nouns or verbs (sometimes adjectives). Use each of these words twice to fill the gaps in each sentence, once as a noun/adjective and once as a verb. Make sure they go in the correct forms to fit in the sentences. Think about what makes them nouns or verbs in the sentences.
1. When I saw you with no L-plates on your car I ________________ that you had passed your test.
2. If you want to take ________________ in this exercise you have to listen to the instructions.
3. In the second half of the game our team played with a lot more ________________ and energy.
4. When John grows up he wants to ________________ the army.
5. We've found a new company to ________________ our products in China.
6. There's no ________________ for error. We must be very careful.
7. Be careful. That dog is very fierce and may ________________.
8. You can go home now as this situation does not ________________ you.
9. Wi
10. We shouldn't ________________ like this. We should try to stay together.
11. I ________________ the right of the police to arrest me without evidence.
12. The teacher showed a lot of ________________ for the students who were not studying well.
13. The ________________ for used cars has gone through a bad time. Prices have gone down a lot.
14. They fixed the vase so well that you can't see the ________________.
15. I could just about see the ________________ of a horse in the mist.
16. I used to ________________ with the current prime minister when I was at university.
26. one word 2 sounds
1) The bandage was wound around the wound.
2) The farm was used to produce produce .
3) The dump was so full that it had to refuse more refuse .
We must polish the Polish furniture.
5) He could lead if he would get the lead out.
6) The soldier decided to desert his dessert in the desert.
7) Since there is no time like the present, he thought it was time to present the present
8) A bass was painted on the head of the bass drum.
9) When shot at, the dove dove into the bushes.
10) I did not object to the object.
11) The insurance was invalid for the invalid.
12) There was a row amon g the oarsmen about how to row...
13) They were too close to the door to close it.
14) The buck does funny things when the does are present.
15) A seamstress and a sewer fell down into a sewer line.
16) To help with planting, the farmer taught his sow to sow.
17) The wind was too strong to wind the sail.
18) Upon seeing the tear in the painting I shed a tear.
19) I had to subject the subject to a series of tests.
20) How can I intimate this to my most intimate friend?
Let's face it - English is a crazy language. There is no egg in eggplant, nor ham in hamburger; neither apple nor pine in pineapple. English muffins weren't invented in England or French
fries in France . Sweetmeats are candies while sweetbreads, which aren't sweet, are meat. We take English for granted. But if we explore its paradoxes, we find that quicksand can work slowly, boxing rings are square and a guinea pig is neither from Guinea nor is it a pig. ******************
There is a two-letter word that perhaps has more meanings than any other two-letter
word, and that is 'UP'
It's easy to understand UP, meaning toward the sky or at the top of the list, but when we awaken
in the morning, why do we wake UP ? At a
meeting, why does a topic come UP ? Why do we
speak UP and why are the officers UP for
election and why is it UP to the secretary to
write UP a report ?
We call UP our friends. And we use it to
brighten UP a room, polish UP the silver; we
warm UP the leftovers and clean UP the kitchen.
We lock UP the house and some guys fix UP the old car. At other times the little word has real
special meaning. People stir UP trouble,
line UP for tickets, work UP an appetite, and
think UP excuses.. To be dressed is one thing,
but to be dressed UP is special.
And this UP is confusing: A drain must be
opened UP because it is stopped UP. We
open UP a store in the morning but we close
it UP at night.
We seem to be pretty mixed UP about UP.
To be knowledgeable about the proper
of UP, look the word UP in the dictionary.
In a desk-sized dictionary, it takes UP almost
1/4th of the page and can add UP to about thirty
definitions. If you are UP to it, you might try
building UP a list of the many w ays UP is
used. It will take UP a lot of your time, but if
you don't give UP, you may wind UP with a hundred or more. When it threatens to rain, we
say it is clouding UP .. When the sun comes out
we say it is clearingUP ...
When it rains, it wets the earth and often messes things UP.
When it doesn't rain for awhile, things dry UP.
One could go on and on, but I'll wrap it UP , for
now my time is UP , so........it is time to
shut UP !
Oh . . . one more thing: What is the first thing you do in the morning & the last thing you do at night? U-P
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