English class 21

Elementary level

Juan José Simón Pérez

learnenglishesol.weebly.com

MODAL VERBSLos verbos modales en inglés son:

Can,could, may, might, must, shall, should, will and would.

A veces, también se consideran modales ‘ought to’ y ‘had better’.

Los modales se utilizan para expresar:

a) Posibilidad

b) Abilidad

c) Permiso

d) Obligación

MODAL VERBS

AUXILIARES

MODALESCan

Could

May

Might

 Must

Shall

Should

 Will

 Would

TO BE

TO DO

TO HAVE

MODAL VERBSTodos los modales siguen las mismas reglas:

Necesitan un verbo principal para que las frases tengan sentido.

He can play football very well.

El verbo principal se coloca inmediatamente después del modal, sin añadir TO ni –ING al final del verbo principal.

We should come back now.

MODAL VERBSTodos los modales siguen las mismas reglas:

No añaden la –S en la tercera persona del singular.

She may not pass her exam.

Para hacer preguntas se invierte el orden ‘Modal-Sujeto’

We can study harder.

Can we study harder?

MODAL VERBSFunciones de los modales:

POSIBILIDAD: can,could, may, might, will, would.

HABILIDAD: can, could.

OBLIGACIÓN: must, shall, should.

PEDIR PERMISO: can, could, may.

MODAL VERBSCAN = Poder. Se utiliza para indicar habilidad,

posibilidad y para pedir permiso para hacer algo.

I can swim. – You can’t smoke here! – Can I go to the tiolet?

COULD = pasado de poder. Podía / Podría. Se utiliza para indicar habilidad en el pasado, posibilidad en el pasado (o en situaciones imaginarias), y para pedir algo.

Time ago I could go out twice a week. - You could have come, instead to stay at home. – Could I speak to Mr. Simon?

MODAL VERBSMAY = Puede que... Se utiliza para indicar

posibilidad, para pedir permiso o favores (en interrogativa)

She may come later – May I go to the tiolet?

MIGHT = en frases afirmativas se utiliza igual que

MAY pero might solo se utiliza para el futuro.

She might come later Might no se utiliza para pedir permiso.

MODAL VERBSSHOULD = Debería/s/mos... Se utiliza para indicar

obligación y sugerencias; es el pasado/condicional de ‘Shall’(deber hacer).

She should buy a new car – Should I close the window?

SHALL= Se utiliza principalmente en preguntas

para la primera persona del singular y del plural. Se usa para ofrecer y sugerir. Sinónimo de ‘Should en presente y futuro.

Shall I shut the window? – Shall we go now?

MODAL VERBSWOULD = ...ía/s/mos… Se contrae con ‘d, la

negación es WOULDN’T (WOULD NOT) Es un modal con varios usos:

1) Condicional: situaciones imaginarias o condicionadas.

I’d like to work in this company. If I were rich, I would travel around the world.

2) Pasado: situaciones repetidas en el pasado. Sinónimo de ‘used to…’

When he was a child, he’d walk to school.

MODAL VERBSExercise. Write the most suitable modal verb

from the list: CAN, COULD, MAY, MUST, SHALL, SHOULD, WOULD

1) I _____ go to study. Tomorrow I have an exam.

2) I _____ like to be rich.

3) _____ we go to the cinema?

4) They _____ not go outside. It ____ rain today.

5) ____ you like to sit here?

6) He’s getting fat. He ____ exercise more.

7) When I was a child I ____ play for hours.

8) You ____ not park here, it’s a restricted area.

MODAL VERBSAnswers.

1) I MUST / SHOULD / SHALL go to study. Tomorrow I have an exam.

2) I WOULD like to be rich.

3) SHALL / SHOULD we go to the cinema?

4) They SHOULD not go outside. It MAY rain today.

5) WOULD you like to sit here?

6) He’s getting fat. He SHOULD exercise more.

7) When I was a child I COULD play for hours.

8) You CAN not park here, it’s a restricted area.

PAST PERFECT‘I had done’ es el Pasado Perfecto.

El Past Perfect se usa para hablar de un tiempo anterior a un momento pasado que utilizamos de referencia.

Yesterday it snowed, but before it hadn’t snowed since last Winter.

Past PresentPast (reference)

PAST PERFECTESTRUCTURA: En el presente perfecto todas las

‘personas’ son iguales: I had done, you had done, he had done, we had done…

(+) Subject + had + past participle…

You had had a car even before having a driving license!

PAST PERFECTESTRUCTURA:

(-) Subject + had not (hadn’t) + past participle…

Last year he hadn’t come to visit us.

(?) (WH…) + had + subject + past parti…?

Had you already lost your wallet when I saw you?

PAST PERFECTEjemplos:I didn’t want to eat at the restaurant, I had

already eaten at home.

I hadn’t studied English until I went to England.

Where had you lived before we met?

I had gone home before you arrived there.

PAST PERFECTExercise. Finish the paragraphs with the

words in brackets. Use past perfect.

1. Yesterday I went to the cinema. (I/ not/ see)____ that film until then.

2. I saw your brother. He was tired because (he/run) _____ for two hours.

3. Last year I met a friend, who told me that (he/ not/ get married) _____ yet.

4. Mark went to work abroad two years ago. (he/ finish) _____his studies before?

PAST PERFECTExercise. Finish the paragraphs with the

words in brackets. Use past perfect.

5. Last week I got a new job. What a luck! (I/ be) ____ very anxious being unemployed.

6. (you/ study / English) ______ before travelling to England?

7. I’ve had several phones, but the best was the first one. (I/ have) ____ it for 5 years!

8. (I/ drive) _____a lot of cars before getting my driving license.

PAST PERFECTAnswers:

1. Yesterday I went to the cinema. I HADN’T SEEN that film until then.

2. I saw your brother. He was tired because HE HAD RUN for two hours.

3. Last year I met a friend, who told me that HE HADN’T GOT MARRIED yet.

4. Mark went to work abroad two years ago. HAD HE FINISHED his studies before?

PAST PERFECTExercise. Finish the paragraphs with the

words in brackets. Use past perfect.

5. Last week I got a new job. What a luck! I HAD BEEN very anxious being unemployed.

6. HAD YOU STUDIED ENGLISH before travelling to England?

7. I’ve had several phones, but the best was the first one. I HAD HAD it for 5 years!

8. I HAD DRIVEN a lot of cars before getting my driving license.

Thank you for your attention!