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English landscape gardens.
Many people consider that the landscape garden are the greatest contribution of England to world culture after Shakespeare.
Concept behind it!
William kent
In the early years of 18th century , the Artist and Designer William Kent began to compose gardens look like landscape paintings.
Kent is recognised as the Father of the English landscape garden and a pioneer of picturesque {adjective (of a place or building visually attractive, especially in a quaint or charming way.)}
What these paintings had in them
SMALL BEGUILING BUILDINGS
Attractive groves of trees in which visitor was
an important element
They look alike
English landscape gardens
The English landscape garden, also called English landscape park or simply the English garden
It is a style of "landscape" garden which emerged in England in the early 18th century.
These English garden replaced more formal, symmetrical jardin la franaise of the 17th century as the principal gardening style of Europe.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landscape_architecturehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englandhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aisehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jardin_%C3%A0_la_fran%C3%A7aise
Why did the shift happened
Before the introduction of English landscape, nature was viewed as dangerous , cranky .
the English landscape completely changed this view to appreciate and value the natural world.
Before English garden..
Before English garden most garden was arranged in French or Dutch style .
These French and Dutch gardens have rectangular subdivision.
Straight avenues & paths and water contained symmetrically shaped basin
Gardens before English garden
French garden layout
dutch garden layout
Elements within English gardens
Elements within English gardens:
Recreations of classic buildings
Temple of Ancient Virtue at Stowe
Elements within English gardens:
Ruins
Garden of Rousham House
Elements within English gardens: Bridges
Stourhead English garden
Elements within English gardens
Natural stone
Dessau-Wrlitz Garden Realm
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dessauhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C3%B6rlitz
Elements within English gardens Cobblestone
Elements within English gardens Wattle edging & panels
Elements within English gardens
Bee skep
Common characteristics of an English garden Lake
There was always a lake in the English gardens, most were man-made but all appeared
to be natural forming basins.
Their edges were meandering and irregular and often had pathways weaving through the trees and close to the waters edge.
Common characteristics of an English garden
Rolling lawns rolling lawn topography allowed visitorrs for surprises as they come around mounds or niches
Common characteristics of an English garden
1.Tree groves Tree groves - were spread throughout the landscape with paths that allowed the gardens users to wander in and out of the groves and provide a view of rolling lawns against mass tree plantings.
Ha ha wall The purpose of ha ha wall was to separate garden from the grazing land but was invisible from a distance . Cattle could be kept securely in their fields without the use of hedges or fences to interrupt the view
Ha ha wall
Grottos
grottos were used as romantic hide outs. They were manmade but build to resemble a dark natural forming cave.
Case study : Garden of Rousham House
Rousham House in Oxfordshire is considered by some as the most accomplished and significant of William Kent's work.
The patron was General Dormer, who commissioned Bridgeman to begin the garden in 1727.
But then brought in Kent to recreate it in 1737
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rousham_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rousham_Househttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rousham_House
He has used a statue of Apollo inside the garden , depicting a theatre play that how a groove of trees draws the eye on the statute .
To achieve a paintly effect Kent instructed his Gardner to use dark colours of evergreen trees
dark colour evergreen trees
To create the illusion of unbroken landscape kent has used several technique at the garden of rousham house.
One of those technique is ha ha wall
A wall that separated garden from grazing land , being invisible from a distance
Cattle could be kept separated without the use of hedges or fences
Haha wall
At rousham kent extended the views into the distance by designing a gothic style alteration to an old mill on the other side of river.
High up in the hill he created a large triple arch architectural folly called the eye-catcher
It was made on purpose to direct the view towards the field above the garden
Ke ts rafted ie s are est appre iated fro the seat he has designed and scattered throughout his gardens this rustic seat provide the view of garden to watch the river flow beneath the stone bridge
Ke ts garde ofte a ou ed the sel es ith spe ta ular gates , entrances ,
He has put those gates and entrances on the perimeter of the land owner holdings in roushams
After years of experimenting with cascades and different commissions he created the spectacular veil of venus at roushams it had fountain at that time which went up as long as 50 feet in air