English Monarchs & The Glorious Revolution
Chapter 5.5
Elizabeth I
• Constant conflicts with parliament, usually about money – didn't want to pay for her large expenses
• Divine right to rule
King James I
Divine right to rule Publicly compared
himself to a god Conflicts with
parliamentDidn’t like to be told
what to do Refused to make
Puritan reforms.
King Charles I
Always needed money for his various wars
Dissolved and reinstated parliament to take money
Signed Petition of Right: 1) No imprisonment without due cause, 2) No taxes without parliament consent, 3) Do not house solders in private homes, 4) No martial law during peacetime, but then ignored it
Fines & fees to raise money
English Civil War
Population hates Charles I for imposing fees, fines, unfair practices
Scotland rebels their “new religion” and mounts an army to attack England
Charles panics, needs money for defense, begs parliament
Parliament opposes the king, passes laws limiting the king’s power
Royalists/Cavaliers VS. Puritan Parliament Parliament wins, Charles is tried and
executed
Cromwell
The Puritan’s GeneralAlmost starts a
republic, but creates a military dictatorship instead
Worked with Puritans to reform society
Promoted religious tolerance… Except for Catholics
Charles II
Cromwell dies and the government falls apart
Charles II is elected by parliament
The Restoration begins
Habeas Corpus
James II
Took over after Charles II diedCharles’ brotherCatholic The Whigs opposed James,
the Tories supported him (political parties)
James flaunts Catholicism, appoints Catholics to high power positions, has a son
Protestants panic over the idea of having a line of Catholic kings
The Glorious Revolution
Mary, James’ eldest daughter was Protestant & married to a prince from the Netherlands, William
Parliament asks William & Mary to invade
James II flees to France
William & Mary
England became a constitutional monarchy
Parliament is a partnerBill of Rights Drafted: 1) No suspending of
Parliament’s laws, 2) No taxes without parliament approval 3) No interfering with freedom of speech in parliament 4) No penalty for someone who expresses discontent with the king
The Cabinet
Ministers (representatives) from the major party of parliament made up the cabinet
Led by the prime minister