ENGLISH PROJECT - St. Xavier's€¦ · Make a comparative study of the Harappan and the...

ENGLISH PROJECT

The project work is for internal assessment (20 Marks)

HOW TO MAKE A PROJECT FILE?

● Select a topic that you find the most interesting from the options provided by your

teacher.

● Collect the contents for your topic from various sources available to you for

example: The prescribed Text book, Workbook, any other reference book, the

internet etc.

● Collect pictures/ images from these sources to paste them in your Project file.

● Use a coloured pen to make your file more colorful and attractive.

● The cover of your file should not be neglected as there are marks for presentation.

Make sure that it is colorful and attractive.

● The first page should carry your full name, class ,section, subject and the topic of

your Project.

● The next page should be titled as Acknowledgement- in which you need to express

your gratitude towards the people who have helped you to make the project

( directly or indirectly).

The last page of your project should be titled as Bibliography - You must write

about the various sources you used to collect material for your Project.

Assignment for the English Literature Project

TOPICS :(Poetry)

1.The heart of the Tree 2.The Bangle Sellers 3.The Cold Within

( Make a project of about 500 words on only ONE topic under the following headings:

1) About the author

2) About the poem

3) Theme

4) The Style of the poem(Literary devices used with examples)

5) Appropriateness of the title.

6) Why did you choose this poem for your project?

…………………………………………………………………….


PUNJABI PROJECT


ਵਿਆਕਰਨ

(1) ਹਠ ਲਿਖ ਲਿਲਿਆ ਤ ਘਟ -ਘਟ 250 ਿਬਦ ਦ ਿਖ ਲਿਖ। ਇਹ ਿਖ ਤਹ ਡ ਪਰਜਕਟ ਦ ਲਹਸ ਹਨ। ਦਿ ਿਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਜਰਰੀ

ਹਨ।

•ਲਕਸ ਅਲਜਹ ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਦ ਿਰਣਨ ਕਰ, ਲਜਸ ਨ ਤਸੀ ਆਪਣ ਪਰ ਪਲਰਿ ਰ ਨ ਿ ਲਿਿ ਕ ਿਨ ਉਦ ਹ। ਇਸ ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਿ ਿ ਲਦਨ

ਿ ਪਰੀ ਲਕਸ ਅਲਜਹੀ ਅਭਿ ਅਤ ਚਗੀ ਘਟਨ ਦ ਿਰਨਣ ਕਰ ਲਜਸ ਨ ਤਹ ਡ ਪਲਰਿ ਰ ਦ ਆਪਸੀ ਲਪਆਰ ਨ ਹਰ ਗੜਹ ਕਰ ਲਦਤ

ਹਿ।

•ਪਰਦਿਣ ਕੀ ਹ ? ਲਕਨੀਆ ਲਕਸਿ ਦ ਹਦ ਹ? ਇਸ ਦ ਫਿਣ ਦ ਕ ਰਨ ਅਤ ਬਚਣ ਦ ਉਪ ਅ ਦਸ।

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(2)ਹਠ ਲਦਤ ਲਿਸ ਤ ਘਟ-ਘਟ 120 ਿਬਦ ਦੀ ਲਚਠੀ ਲਿਖ। ਇਹ ਲਚਠੀ ਿੀ ਤਹ ਡ ਪਰਜਕਟ ਦ ਲਹਸ ਹ।

ਆਪਣ ਲਿਤਰ/ਸਹਿੀ ਨ ਗਰਿੀ ਦੀਆ ਛਟੀਆ ਲਕਸ ਪਹ ੜੀ ਸਥ ਨ ਤ ਇਕਠ ਗਜ ਰਨ ਿਈ ਸਦ - ਪਤਰ ਲਿਖ।

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(3) ਮਹਾਿਵਰਆ ਨ ਿਾਕਾ ਵਿਿ ਚ ਿਰਤ:-

(੧) ਉਨੀ ਇਕੀ ਦਾ ਫਰਕ

(੨) ਉਸਤਾਦੀ ਕਰਨਾ

(੩) ਅਖਾ ਦਦਖਾਉਣੀਆ

(੪) ਆਟ ਦ ਚ ਲਣ ਹਣਾ

(੫) ਸਾਹ ਸ ਕਣਾ

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ਬਹਤ ਸਬਦਾ ਦੀ ਥਾ ਇਿ ਕ ਸਬਦ ਵਿਖ:-

(੧) ਜ ਕਦ ਨਾ ਥਕ

(੨) ਦਜਸ ਦੀ ਔਲਾਦ ਨਾ ਹ

(੩) ਦਜਹੜਾ ਹਰ ਲ ਚੜਹਦੀ ਕਲਾ ਦ ਚ ਰਹ

(੪) ੳ ਹ ਗਲ ਦਜਹੜੀ ਦ ਨੀਆ ਨਾਲ ਬੀਤੀ ਹ

(੫) ਆਪਣ ਜੀ ਨ ਦਾ ਹਾਲ ਦਲਖਣਾ

(੬) ਉਹ ਥਾ ਦਜਹੜੀ ਸਾਰ ਦਪਿ ਡ ਦੀ ਸਾਝੀ ਹ

(੭) ਦਕਸ ਲਖਕ ਜਾ ਕਲਾਕਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਭ ਤ ਉਤਮ ਰਚਨਾ

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ਿਾਕਾ ਨ ਵਹਦਾਇਤਾ ਅਨਸਾਰ ਬਦਿ:-

(੧) ਦਕਤਾਬ ਦਲਖੀ ਜਾ ਚ ਕੀ ਹ ( ਚਨ ਬਦਲ)

(੨) ਨਕਰ ਨ ਕ ਰਸੀ ਦਲਆਦੀ ( ਚਨ ਬਦਲ)

(੩) ਸਾਡਾ ਕ ਤਾ ਕਾਲਾ ਹ (ਦਲਿ ਗ ਬਦਲ)

(੪) ਘੜ ਦੜ ਦਰਹਾ ਹ (ਦਲਿ ਗ ਬਦਲ)

(੫) ਬਚਾ ਰ ਦਰਹਾ ਹ (ਭਤਕਾਲ)

(੬) ਬਦਲ ਗਰਜ ਰਹ ਹਨ (ਭਤਕਾਲ)

(੭) ਬਚ ਪੜਹਾਈ ਕਰ ਰਹ ਹਨ (ਭਦ ਖਤ ਕਾਲ)

(੮) ਬਚ ਲਹੜੀ ਮਿਗ ਰਹ ਸੀ (ਭਦ ਖਤ ਕਾਲ)

(੯) ਦਪਤਾ ਜੀ ਆਏ ਸਨ ( ਰਤਮਾਨ ਕਾਲ)

(੧੦) ਉਹ ਮਚ ਦਜਤ ਜਾਣਗ ( ਰਤਮਾਨ ਕਾਲ)

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ਪਰਜਕਟ ਸਬ ਧੀ ਕਝ ਜਰ ਰੀ ਹਦਾਇਤਾ

•Project work ਤਸੀ project file ਜ loose sheets ਨ ਲਕਸ file ਲਿਚ ਿਗ ਕ ਕਰ ਸਕਦ ਹ।

•ਪਰਜਕਟ ਫ ਈਿ ਦ ਕਿਰ ਨ ਸਹਣੀ ਤਰਹ ਸਜ ਸਕਦ ਹ।

•ਪਰਜਕਟ ਦ ਪਲਹਿ ਪਜ ਤ ਤਸੀ ਆਪਣ ਨ , ਰਿ ਨਬਰ ਤ ਜਿ ਤ ਲਿਖਣੀ ਹ।

•ਪਰਜਕਟ ਦ ਦ ਜ ਪਜ ਤ ਤਸੀ "ਦ ਸਬਦ " ਵਸਰਿਖ ਵਿਖ ਕ ਉਸ ਵਿਿ ਚ ਵਿਖਣਾ ਹ ਵਕ ਇਹ ਪਰਜਕਟ ਤਸੀ ਵਕਸ ਦੀ ਮਦਦ ਨਾਿ ਬਣਾਇਆ, ਪਰਜਕਟ ਬਣਾਉਦ ਹਏ ਕੀ ਨਿਾ ਵਸਵਖਆ ਆਵਦ

•ਪਰਜਕਟ ਨ ਲਸਰਫ ਨੀਿ ਜ ਕ ਿ gel pen ਨ ਿ ਿੀ ਬਣ ਉਣ ਹ।

ਿਖ ਸ ਬ ਵਧਤ ਕਿ ਝ ਜਰ ਰੀ ਵਹਦਾਇਤਾ:-

ਿਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਇਕ ਕਿ ਹ ਲਜਸਨ ਲਸਖਣ ਿਈ ਜਤਨ ਅਤ ਅਲਭਆਸ ਕਰਨ ਪਦ ਹ।

੧.ਲਿਖਦ ਹਏ ਿਖ ਦ ਆਰਭ ਅਤ ਅਤ ਦ ਖ ਸ ਲਿਆਨ ਰਲਖਆ ਜ ਿ। ਲਜਸ ਨ ਅਸੀ ਭਲਿਕ ਅਤ ਸ ਰ-ਅਿ ਕਲਹਦ ਹ ।

੨-ਿਖ ਦੀ ਭ ਿ ਸਰਿ ਿਹ ਿਰ ਦ ਰ ਅਤ ਪਰਭ ਿਿ ਿੀ ਲਿਆਕਰਲਣਕ ਲਦਰਿਟੀ ਤ ਿਿ ਹਣੀ ਚ ਹੀਦੀ ਹ।

੩-ਿਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਤ ਪਲਹਿ ਆਪਣ ਲਿਚ ਰ ਦੀ ਇਕ ਸਚੀ ਬਣ ਕ ਉਨਹ ਦ ਚਗੀ ਤਰਹ ਪਰਗਟ ਿ ਕਰ।

੪-ਿਖ ਲਿਚ ਇਕ ਗਿ ਨ ਬ ਰ-ਬ ਰ ਦਹਰ ਉਣ ਨਹੀ, ਨ ਹੀ ਕੜ ਅਤ ਭਦ ਿਬਦ ਦ ਇਸਤਿ ਿ ਕਰਨ ਹ।

੫-ਲਕਸ ਿੀ ਲਿਿ ਤ ਿਖ ਲਿਖਣ ਿਈ ਤਹ ਡ ਕਿ ਚ ਰ- ਪਜ ਲਿਚ ਰ ਹ ਸਕਦ ਹਨ , ਇਹਨ ਲਿਚ ਰ ਨ ਅਡ -ਅਡ ਪਰ ਲਿਚ ਲਿਖਣ

ਹ। ਹਰ ਪਰ ਦ ਲਸਰਿਖ ਜ ਹਲਡਗ ਦਣ ਹ।ਇਸ ਤਰਹ ਭਲਿਕ ਅਤ ਸ ਰਿ ਤ ਇਿ ਿ 4-5 ਪਰ ਬਣ ਜ ਣਗ।

੬-ਉਪਰਕਤ ਲਦਤ ਲਿਿ ਅਨਸ ਰ ਤਸੀ ਲਕਸ ਿੀ ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਦ ਿਰਣਨ ਕਰ ਸਕਦ ਹ। ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਬ ਰ ਭਲਿਕ ,ਲਤਉਹ ਰ( ਲਜਸ ਬ ਰ

ਤਸੀ ਲਿਖ ਰਹ ਹ) ਉਸਨ ਿਨ ਏ ਜ ਣ ਦ ਕ ਰਨ, ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਨ ਿਨ ਏ ਜ ਣ ਦੀਆ ਲਤਆਰੀਆ, ਗਿੀਆ ਤ ਬ ਜ ਰ ਲਿਚ ਰਣਕ,

ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਿ ਿ ਲਦਨ ਤਹ ਡ ਆਸ-ਪ ਸ ਦ ਲਦਿਿ, ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਲਿਚ ਪਲਰਿ ਰ ਦਆਰ ਕੀਤੀ ਪ ਠ-ਪਜ , ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਦ ਲਕਸੀ ਖ ਸ ਇਿ ਕ

ਲਿਚ ਿਨ ਏ ਜ ਣ , ਲਤਉਹ ਰ ਨ ਿ ਜੜੀਆ ਬਰ ਈਆ ਅਤ ਸ ਰ ਅਿ।

•ਦ ਜਾ ਿਖ ਪਰਦ ਸਣ-ਇਸ ਿਖ ਵਿਿ ਚ ਤਸੀ ਵਿਖਣਾ ਹ ਵਕ ਪਰਦ ਸਣ ਕੀ ਹ ਦਾ ਹ, ਉਹ ਵਕ ਨੀ ਤਰਹਾ ਦਾ ਹ ਦਾ ਹ, ਪਰਦ ਸਣ ਫਿਣ ਦ ਕੀ-ਕੀ ਕਾਰਨ ਹਨ, ਤ ਪਰਦ ਸਣ ਨ ਵਕਿ ਰਵਕਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹ ਆਵਦ

੭-ਪਰਜਕਟ ਲਿਚ ਲਦਤ ਿਖ ਨ ਹਰ ਪਰਭ ਿਿ ਿੀ ਬਣ ਉਣ ਿਈ ਤਸੀ ਿਖ ਨ ਲ ਸਬਿਤ ਕਝ ਤਸਿੀਰ ਦ ਿੀ ਇਸਤਿ ਿ ਕਰ ਸਕਦ ਹ।

ਵਚਿ ਠੀ ਸ ਬ ਵਧਤ ਕਝ ਜਰ ਰੀ ਹਦਾਇਤਾ-

(੧)ਲਚਠੀ ਲਿਖਦ ਹਏ ਲਚਠੀ ਦ ਆਰਭ ਅਤ ਅਤ ਦ ਖ ਸ ਲਖਆਿ ਰਖਣ । ਲਚਠੀ ਲਿਖਣ ਦ ਤਰੀਕ Worksheet ਰ ਹੀ Format

ਦਲਸਆ ਲਗਆ ਸੀ, ਉਸ ਨ ਲਿਆਨ ਲਿਚ ਰਖਣ ।

(੨) ਲਚਠੀ ਲਿਚ ਫ ਿਤ ਗਿ , ਭੜੀ ਿਬਦ ਿਿੀ ਦੀ ਬਜ ਏ ਉਦਿ-ਪਰਨ ਗਿ ਹਣੀਆ ਚ ਹੀਦੀਆ ਹਨ । ਲਚਠੀ ਸਖਪ,

ਸਰਿ,ਭ ਿ ਤਿਕ, ਿਿ ਹਣੀ ਚ ਹੀਦੀ ਹ।

(੩) ਲਚਠੀ ਲਿਖਦ ਹਏ ਲਿਆਨ ਰਖ ਲਕ ਕਈ ਗਿ ਛਟ ਨ ਗਈ ਹਿ,ਇਕ ਗਿ ਨ ਬ ਰ-ਬ ਰ ਦਹਰ ਉਣ ਨਹੀ।

(੪) ਲਚਠੀ ਲਿਖਣ ਦ ਲਨਯਿ ਦ ਪ ਿਣ ਕਰਨ ਜਰਰੀ ਹਦ ਹ। ਲਚਠੀ ਦ ਲਿਚ ਪਤ,ਲਿਤੀ, ਲਰਿਤ ਅਨਸ ਰ ਸਬਿਨੀ ਿਬਦ ਦ ਖ ਸ

ਲਖਆਿ ਰਖਣ ।

HISTORY-CIVICS PROJECT


Choose any one topic out of the following two:

Prepare a report on the Constitution of India, highlighting how Fundamental Duties

complement Fundamental Rights.

OR

Make a comparative study of the Harappan and the Mesopotamian Civilizations.

INSTRUCTIONS to make the project :

a) Title page ( Name of the project)

b) Acknowledgement( mentioning the names and recognising those who helped you

in accomplishment of the project)

c) Index( specifying topics and sub topics with page nos)

d) Content ( explanation of the topic with relevant pictures)

e) Bibliography(mention the resources i.e. books, journals, newspapers or websites

through which the information and data was sought)

f) Project is to be done in in a project file with inter-leaf sheets.

g) Total number of pages must not exceed 10.

GEOGRAPHY PROJECT


Topics

1. Uses of important types of maps.

2. Directions and how to identify them along with an illustrative diagram.

3. Drawing and recognizing forms of important contour for example valleys, ridges,

types of slopes, conical hills, plateaus, escarpment and sea Cliff.

4. Meteorological instruments and their uses-Six’s maximum and minimum

thermometer, Mercury barometer, aneroid barometer, wind vane, anemometer, rain

gauge and hygrometer.

(Most of the topics for reference are available in Chapter - 27 of the Geography

Book Class - 9).

Some General Instructions:

Work should be done in the project file.

Wherever possible diagrammatic representation is required.(diagrams should

be neatly drawn and well labelled).

Work should be done neatly and in your own handwriting.

File should be kept simple.(no decoration required).

Procedure

Step – 1 Name the project

Step – 2 Acknowledgement (a little brief about the project work and thanks giving to

all those who helped you in the accomplishment of this project).

Step – 3 Written material (topics to be done in detail with the help of book).

Step – 4 Bibliography (the sources from where you collected the information).

PHYSICS PRACTICALS

The practical work is for internal assessment (20 Marks)

A.Experiment-1

To Measure Diameter of a Small Spherical/ Cylindrical Body Using Vernier’s

Callipers

A vernier scale or a vernier calliper is a measuring device that is used to precisely

measure linear dimensions. It is a useful tool to measure spherical and cylindrical objects.

It has two main scales known as the main scale and the vernier’s scale which are divided

into small divisions. Both the scale has two jaws that are perpendicular to the scale. The

zeroes of the main scale and vernier scale coincide when the jaws are made to touch each

other. The jaws and the metallic strips are designed to measure the diameter of objects. In

this experiment, we will learn to measure the diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical

body using Vernier Calliper.

Note: 1.Start writing in your practical file from point no.1 above content is given

just for the reference to the topic.

2. For writing the practicals use only blue and black pen .

3. Also write aim on the blank page before making table for the readings and use

pencil to write .

1.Aim:

Use of Vernier’s Callipers to measure the diameter of a small spherical/cylindrical body.

2.Apparatus:A spherical body such as a pendulum bob or a glass marble,Vernier’s

Callipers,Magnifying Glass.

3.Theory

The smallest distance that can be measured along the distance is the least count. It is the

difference between one main scale division and one vernier scale division.

n(V.S.D)=(n−1)M.S.D

4.Formula Used:

5.Diagram:

To Measure Diameter of a Small Spherical diagram

Note: Draw diagram on the blank page (left side )

6.Procedure:

1.Keep the jaws of the vernier calliper closed. Make sure that the zero of the main scale

perfectly coincides with the zero of the vernier scale. If it doesn’t coincide account for the

zero error for all oobservations..

2.Using a magnifying glass, look for the division of the main scale that coincides with the

division of the vernier scale. Note down the number of division that coincides with each

other. To avoid parallax error, position your eye directly over themmark.

3.Release by gently loosening the screw. Slide it enough to hold the sphere or the

cylindrical body between the jaws AB without any undue pressure. Align the perfectly

perpendicular to the diameter of the body. Gently tighten the screw in order to clamp the

instrument in this position to the body.

4.Note down the position of the zero of vernier’s scale against the zero of the main scale.

Normally, it will not perfectly coincide with any of the divisions on the main scale.

Record the main scale division to the left of the zero marks of the vernier scale.

5.Look for the exact coincidence of the vernier scale division with that of the main scale

division in the vernier window from the left end to the right. Note down the number N.

6.Multiply the obtained N by the least count of the instrument and add the product to the

main scale reading noted in step 4. Make sure to convert the product into proper units for

valid addition.

7.Repeat steps 3-6 to get the positions of the body at different positions on its curved

surface. Make sure to take three sets of reading in each case.

8.Record the observations in a tabular column with proper reading. If needed, apply zero

correction.

9.Find the arithmetic mean of the corrected readings of the diameter of the body.

7.Observations:

Least count of Vernier Callipers

I main scale division = 1 mm = 0.1 cm

Number of Venier scale divison N = 10

10 Vernier scale divison = 9 main scale divison

1 Vernier scale divison = 0.9 main scale divison

Vernier Constant = 1 main scale division – 1 vernier scale division

= (1 – 0.9) main scale divisions

= 0.1 main scale divisions

Least count = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm

TrueReading=ObservedReading−(±Zero error)

8.Table for measuring the diameter of a small/spherical body:

Note: please note that you have to draw this table using pencil on the blank page

given in the file that is on the left side .

S

.

.

Main Scale

reading, M

(cm)

Number of

coinciding

vernier

division, N

Vernierscale

reading V = N

× L.C (cm)

Measured diameter=

M + V (cm)

1.

2.

3.

ZeroError=±….cm

Mean Observed Diameter = ……cm

Corrected Diameter = (Mean Observed diameter – Zero Error)

9.Result:

The diameter of the given sphere/cylinder is _____ cm.

B.Experiment -2

.Aim:

Use of Vernier’s Calliper to measure the length of a given object.

2.Apparatus:A small cylindrical metsl piece of length 2 to 3 cm Vernier’s

Callipers,Magnifying Glass.

3.Theory

The smallest distance that can be measured along the distance is the least count. It is the

difference between one main scale division and one vernier scale division.

n(V.S.D)=(n−1)M.S.D

4.Formula Used:

5.Diagram:

To Measure Diameter of a Small Spherical diagram

Note: Draw diagram on the blank page (left side )

6.Procedure:

1.Keep the jaws of the vernier calliper closed. Make sure that the zero of the main scale

perfectly coincides with the zero of the vernier scale. If it doesn’t coincide account for the

zero error for all oobservations..

2.Using a magnifying glass, look for the division of the main scale that coincides with the

division of the vernier scale. Note down the number of division that coincides with each

other. To avoid parallax error, position your eye directly over themmark.

3.Release by gently loosening the screw. Slide it enough to hold the length or the

cylindrical body between the jaws AB without any undue pressure. Align the perfectly

perpendicular to the length of the body. Gently tighten the screw in order to clamp the

instrument in this position to the body.

4.Note down the position of the zero of vernier’s scale against the zero of the main scale.

Normally, it will not perfectly coincide with any of the divisions on the main scale.

Record the main scale division to the left of the zero marks of the vernier scale.

5.Look for the exact coincidence of the vernier scale division with that of the main scale

division in the vernier window from the left end to the right. Note down the number N.

6.Multiply the obtained N by the least count of the instrument and add the product to the

main scale reading noted in step 4. Make sure to convert the product into proper units for

valid addition.

7.Repeat steps 3-6 to get the positions of the body at different positions on its curved

surface. Make sure to take three sets of reading in each case.

8.Record the observations in a tabular column with proper reading. If needed, apply zero

correction.

9.Find the arithmetic mean of the corrected readings of the length of the object.

7.Observations:

Least count of Vernier Callipers

I main scale division = 1 mm = 0.1 cm

Number of Venier scale divison N = 10

10 Vernier scale divison = 9 main scale divison

1 Vernier scale divison = 0.9 main scale divison

Vernier Constant = 1 main scale division – 1 vernier scale division

= (1 – 0.9) main scale divisions

= 0.1 main scale divisions

Least count = 0.1 mm = 0.01 cm

TrueReading=ObservedReading−(±Zero error)

8.Table for measuring the length of a given object:



S

.

N

o

.

Main Scale

reading, M

(cm)

Number of

coinciding

vernier

division, N

Vernierscale

reading V = N

× L.C (cm)

Measured length =

M + V (cm)

1.

2.

3.

ZeroError=±….cm

Mean Observed length= ……cm

Corrected length= (Mean Observed diameter – Zero Error)

9.Result:

The length of the given small metal cylinderical object is _____ cm.

C.Experiment-3

Note : No need to draw the diagrams .

1.Aim:

To study the oscillations of a simple pendulum and to determine its time period and

observe the variation in its time period with the length, mass and amplitude of oscillation

of the pendulum.

2.Apparatus:

A clamp with stand, a split cork, thread, bob, vernier callipers, stop clock/watch, metre

scale and a piece of chalk.

3. Theory:

time period of a simple pendulum is the time taken by a pendulum to complete one

oscillation. It is represented by T and is measured in seconds.

Frequency: frequency of oscillation of a pendulum is the number of oscillation completed

by 8 in 1 second. It is represented by f and is measured in hertz or per second.

suppose, an oscillating pendulum complete 20 oscillations in t seconds, its time period, it

is T= t / 20 seconds and its frequency f is equal to 20/t s-1.

Amplitude:amplitude of oscillation of a pendulum is the maximum displacement of the

pendulum from its mean position. It is represented by a and is measured in the units of

length.

4. Procedure:

1.find the least count of the given metre scale and the stopwatch comma and record in

proper units.

2. Arrange the simple pendulum as shown in the given figure

3.adjust the length of the pendulum that is from the point of suspension to the centre of

the spherical Bob say x cm.

4.use the given stopwatch to record the time taken by the pendulum for 20 oscillations

and find the time period that is time taken by each oscillation.

use the above procedure to find the time period of the pendulum by changing its length to

x,y,z cm.

6. Find time period of the pendulum, keeping same length say x cm, but by adding more

mass to the pendulum spherical bob and compare the result with the previous time period

for the same length.

7.find time period of the pendulum by increasing the amplitude of oscillation, keeping

mass and length of the pendulum fix and compare the result with the previously recorded

time for the same length and mass of the pendulum.

5. Observation table:



a.By changing length of the pendulum:

Least count of the given metre scale =......cm

Least count of the given stopwatch=.....s

s.no. Length of the

pendulum l

(Cm)

Time for 20

oscillations t

(in s)

Time period

T=t/20 (s)

T2

(S)

1.

2.

3.

Plot l versusT2 graph.

From the graph, find the slope of the best fit straight line. Therefore, slope =∆l/∆T2

6. Calculation:

Find 'g' using the formula g= 4π2 × slope

7. Conclusion:

1.Time period of a simple pendulum depends upon its length. it is directly proportional to

the length of the pendulum.

2.time period of a simple pendulum is independent of the mass of the pendulum.

3. Time period of a simple pendulum is independent of the amplitude of oscillation.

4. Acceleration due to gravity (g)as determined by using the above method is found to be

as ……….m/s2.

Note: 1.Report 3 experiments in your practical file .

2. Don't write any observation i.e readings in the table until we perform the

experiments itself .

3 . Read and try to understand how to perform .

CHEMISTRY PRACTICALS


NOTE: FOLLOW THE INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY TO WRITE THE

EXPERIMENTS IN THE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL FILE

INSTRUCTIONS TO WRITE EXPERIMENT-1 IN THE CHEMISTRY PRACTICAL FILE

Draw the diagrams on the left blank pages.

Diagrams are to be drawn with pencil and the name of the apparatus

written below it.

Write the uses of the apparatus on the right ruled pages

EXPERIMENT -1

AIM: TO STUDY THE APPARATUS USED IN THE CHEMISTRY

LABORATORY

USES OF THE APPARTUS

Balance: Used for obtaining the masses of solid and liquid samples

Beaker: A flat-bottomed, cylindrical piece of glassware used for mixing

and heating compounds

Bunsen burner: Attached to a gas line and lit to provide heat for your

experiments

Burette: An extremely accurate device with a stopcock at the bottom used to

measure volumes of reagents

Ceramic square: Used to avoid burning the surface of your lab bench and

incurring your chemistry teacher’s wrath

Clamps: Used to hold a variety of things in place, particularly test tubes

Clay triangle: Used to hold a crucible while it is being heated

Condenser: Used to collect vapours by condensing them into liquid as they

contact the liquid-cooled inner surface of the condenser

Crucible: A cup-shaped container capable of sustaining high temperatures. It is

used to heat chemicals.

Crucible tongs: Used to handle the hot crucible

Erlenmeyer flask: Used to hold liquids. The small upper opening slows

evaporation, so for some volatile liquids, a flask is a better choice than a beaker.

The shape also makes it suitable for mixing and swirling liquids during a titration.

Florence flask: A type of flask, generally round-bottomed, usually suspended

and heated from below. Its shape makes it easy to swirl and mix liquids inside of

it.

Funnel: Used together with filter paper to filter precipitates out of solutions

Graduated cylinder: Used to precisely measure volumes

Metal spatula: Used to measure out solid substances

Mortar and pestle: Used to grind sesame seeds for cooking and chemical

compounds for chemistry experiments, though we recommend using a different

set for each

Pipette bulb: Used to transfer accurately measured amounts of liquid from one

container to another

Rubber stoppers: Used to close flasks or test tubes to prevent evaporation of

liquids or escape of gases

Scoopula: Another instrument used to transfer solids from one place to another

Test tube: Cylindrical open-topped piece of glassware that comes in varying

sizes

Thermometer: Used to measure temperatures. Thermometers generally contain

liquid mercury.

Watch glass: A piece of glassware in the shape of a large contact lens used for

evaporating liquids

Wire gauze: Generally used as a surface for a beaker or flask to rest when being

heated by a Bunsen burner

INSTRUCTIONS TO WRITE EXPERIMENT -2 & EXPERIMENT-3 IN THE

PRACTICAL FILE

TO BE WRITTEN ON THE RIGHT RULED PAGE. 3 COLUMNS TO BE

DRAWN WITH PENCIL

EXPERIMENT -2

AIM: TO IDENTIFY SULPHUR DIOXIDE GAS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1.Take the given salt in a

test tube and add dil

H2SO4 to it.

Colourless gas having

suffocating

smell is evolved.

Gas must be sulphur

dioxide.

2. Pass the above gas through

acidified KMnO4 soln.

The pink coloured

solution turns

colourless.

Sulphur dioxide gas is

confirmed.

3. Pass the above gas through

acidified K2Cr2O7.

The orange coloured

solution turns green.

Sulphur dioxide gas is

confirmed.

TO BE WRITTEN ON THE LEFT BLANK PAGE WITH PENCIL

Na2SO3 + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2O + SO2

TO BE WRITTEN ON THE RIGHT RULED PAGE. 3 COLUMNS TO BE

DRAWN WITH PENCIL

EXPERIMENT- 3

AIM: TO IDENTIFY HYDROGEN SULPHIDE GAS

EXPERIMENT OBSERVATION INFERENCE

1 To the given salt in

test tube add few

drops of dil.H2SO4

Colourless gas having

smell of rotten eggs

is evolved.

Gas must be hydrogen

sulphide.

2 Let the above gas

come in contact with

moist lead acetate paper.

Moist lead acetate

paper turns silvery

black.

Hydrogen sulphide gas is

confirmed.

TO BE WRITTEN ON THE LEFT BLANK PAGE WITH PENCIL

Na2S + H2SO4 Na2SO4 + H2S

NOTE: EVERY EXPERIMENT SHOULD BE WRITTEN ON A NEW PAGE

BIOLOGY PRACTICALS


EXPERIMENT 1

AIM OF THE EXPERIMENT

To prepare a temporary stained mount of onion peel to study various parts of a

plant cell.

REQUIREMENTS

Onion bulb, glass slide,coverslip,compound microscope,blade,watch

glass, filter paper, mounting needle,water,glycerine,dropper and

safranine.

PROCEDURE

1. Take the onion bulb and peel it.

2. Cut it into pieces

3. Remove a transparent peel by breaking one of the pieces into two.

4. Put the peel in water in a watch glass.

5. Add a drop of safranine with the help of a dropper.

6. Leave the peel in the stain for few seconds.

7. Transfer the peel to a glass slide and with the help of a blade cut a

small piece.

8. Place it in the centre of the glass slide.

9. Add a drop of glycerine on it.

10. Mount a coverslip gently on the material with the help of a mounting

needle.

11. Observe the slide under the low power of compound microscope.

OBSERVATIONS

1. Elongated cells are observed.

2. Distinct nucleus and cell wall is seen in all the cells.

3. Cytoplasm is seen outside the nucleus.

4. Vacuoles are seen in some of the cells.

CONCLUSION

Plant cells are surrounded by a cell wall. They have a nucleus, cytoplasm and

vacuoles.

PRECAUTIONS

1. The peel should be uniformly stained.

2. There should be no air bubbles under the coverslip.

3. There should be no folds in the peel.

4. There should be no glycerine around the coverslip or on it.

EXPERIMENT 2

EXPERIMENT 3

NOTE:

-Write Aim, Requirements, Procedure, Observations, Conclusion

and Precautions on the ruled sheets.

Draw neat well labeled diagrams on the plain (blank) sheets.

MATHS PROJECT


The Project file should be made as follows:

Step1: Name of the Project ( on the front page)

Step 2: Acknowledgement ( on the next page)

( A little brief about the project and recognition and thanksgiving to all those who

helped you in accomplishment of this project)

Step 3: Contents ( on the next page to acknowledgement)

Step 4: Introduction ( About the topic, should not exceed 2 pages)

Step 5: Procedure

Collect number of confirmed cases weekly of COVID-19 to

the nearest thousand for any 6 weeks i.e. in the months of

May and June, 2020 for 5 different countries {United

States, Brazil, Russia, Indian and United Kingdom}.

Draw Bar graph for each country keeping 6 weeks on 𝑥 −

𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and no of confirmed cases on 𝑦 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠. Step 6: Results or Conclusions (writing your results or analysis about the project)

Step 7: Bibliography ( on the following page ) : Under this mention the list of all sources

( for e.g. books , magazines , etc. ) you have used for the project .

COMMERCIAL STUDIES PROJECT


The Project file should be made as follows:

Step 1: Name of Project (on the front page)

Step 2: Acknowledgement (on the next page)

A little brief about the project and recognition and thanks giving to all those who helped you in

accomplishment of this project)

Step 3: Contents (on the next page to acknowledgement)

Step 4: Introduction (About the topic, should not exceed 2 pages)

Note: Select any one Topic out of the two:

TOPIC 1: BANKING (COMMERCIAL BANKS)

1. Meaning of Commercial bank with pictures of commercial bank (i.e. SBI, HDFC, ICICI etc).

Paste pictures and write history or about that bank in brief.

2. Types of accounts:

Saving bank account, Recurring account, Fixed deposit and Current account.(Download different forms

for depositing money in bank).

3. Different types of credits:

Meaning and pictures related to them (Example: loan for car or home)

TOPIC: 2 COMMUNICATION

1. Meaning and Process of Communication (with diagram or picture related to it can be pasted).

2. Methods of communication in organization (i.e. Letter, videoconferencing, telephonic

conversation).Pictures and format of e-mail and letter to be pasted.

Step 6: Conclusion (Analysis of the Project)

Step 7: Bibliography (Mention the name of the site from where you took the help)

ECONOMICS PROJECT


Project Assignment prescribed from syllabus.

"A Case study on the effects of Industrial Pollution"

Dear students you may choose any one of the below mentioned, Topic of your choice

and do it in a project-file.

1. Bhopal gas leak.

2. Chernobyl Nuclear accident.

3. Gulf of Mexico Oil-spill.

4. Ozone hole.

NOTE: The Project file Assignment should be of minimum (Ten-pages) with

written information and a few pictures related to the event or topic which you

choose. (Internal Assessment -20marks)

The Project File should be made as follows:

Step 1: Name of the Project (on the front page)

Step 2: Acknowledgement (on the next page) - A little brief about the project and

recognition and thanksgiving to those who helped you with the project.

Step 3: Contents (on the next page to acknowledgement)

Step 4: Introduction (About the topic, should not exceed 2 pages)

Step 5: Procedure: Write your case study Report on the topic you choose.

Step 6: Conclusion: (conclude the project)

Do check this link for some ideas for your project work:

https://youtu.be/uXYGkcnmqgg

https://youtu.be/uXYGkcnmqgg

PHYSICAL EDUCATION PROJECT


CRICKET AND FOOTBALL

The project file should be made as follows:

STEP 1: Acknowledgement

(A little brief about the project, recognition and thanksgiving to all those who helped you

to accomplish the project).

STEP 2: Cover the following topics:

CRICKET

1)Knowledge of the game.

2)Rules and regulations of Cricket.

3)Duties of the Match referee and Umpires.

4) Types of matches.

5)Position of fielders (Diagram and description).

6)Explain these terms:Dolly catch, Maiden over, Bump ball,

Ball tampering,Hat trick, Extra, Rubber, Over, Over pitch, Seam.

FOOTBALL:

1)Knowledge of the game.

2)Rules of regulations of Football.

3)Dimensions and diagram of football and Goalpost.

4)Duties of Referee and Assistant referee.

5)Define Kick-off and The ball in and out of Play

6)Fundamental skills and techniques: Passing, trapping,

Dribbling, Heading.

7)Explain these terms:Volley, Lob, Advantage, Through pass, technical area, Man to Man

marking, Nutmeg, Attacker, additional time, sliding tackle.

STEP 3: Bibliography (give the list of sources you used which helped you with the project.)

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS PROJECT


E-Waste alone is creating a critical pollution problem in the United States and the world. Learn more

about its effects and what we can do about it.

The world is fighting many different ecological crises, but one you don’t hear about as often is

the problem of electronic waste or e-waste .Not only is it a massive problem in the United States

– it has very quickly become a global crisis.

To stop the adverse effects of e-waste, we need a better understanding of the problem. Also, we

need to understand the issues driving the crisis and how to make a difference in solving this

problem.

CREATE A POWERPOINT PRESENTATION

TOPIC: E-WASTE ----THE NEXT BIG CRISIS

• A better understanding of what e-waste is

• How to limit and properly dispose of e-waste

• Issues that currently contribute to the rising e-waste problem

• Solutions already in motion (plus your opinion and suggestions on the same)

YOU WILL BE NOTIFIED THE MODE OF SUBMISSION LATER (i.e PENDRIVE, CD OR

EMAIL)

SAMPLE OF COVER PAGE / FIRST PAGE

SAMPLE OF ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (SECOND PAGE)

SAMPLE OF CONTENT / INDEX / THIRD PAGE

SAMPLE OF BIBLIOGRAPHY (LAST PAGE)

The following references were used to complete this project;

1.Understanding ICSE Mathematics by XYZ Publications, Chapter Mean, Median and

Mode

2. Mental Mathematics by ABC Publications, Chapter Coordinate Geometry

3.Reference from https://statisticsmean/org

4.Refrece from https://abc124xyz...

5.Monthly Journal Times of India, April 2020 edition , Article xyz, page 12

6. Chandigarh Tribune, 12 June 2020, Page 8, article ………….

https://statisticsmean/org

https://abc124xyz/

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