English Skill:Organization, Unity, & Coherence
Tutorial #1: Use Conjunctive Adverbs to Show Relationships
Relationship Conveyed
Conjunctive Adverb
Addition To Also / In Addition Besides / Likewise Furthermore / Moreover
Contrasting With However / On the Other Hand
Nonetheless / Rather
On the Contrary/ Still
Illustration or Clarification
For Example / In Other Words
For Instance / That Is
Incidentally / To Clarify
As a Result Accordingly / Hence As a Result / Therefore
Consequently / Thus
Indicator of Time Afterwards / Meanwhile
Finally / Next Henceforth / Then
Example
• 1) Determine if a relationship between ideas and sentences must be highlighted by the reader
Johnny did not have his textbook. Johnny lost participation points.
Example
• 1) Use a conjunctive adverb that clearly reflects the intended relationship (cause and effect, compare, contrast, sequence, ect.)Johnny did not have his textbook; therefore, he
lost participation points.
Similar transitional words and phrases (first, moreover, as a result….) may appear at the beginning of a sentence (followed by a comma)
to display similar relationships as noted above.In addition, he was unable to use the book while writing his essay.
Conjunctive Adverbs in WritingIncorrect: Universal healthcare for citizens of the United States would be costly to taxpayers. The current structures for providing insurance to American citizens are ineffective and inadequate.
Correct: Universal health care for citizens of the United States would be costly to taxpayers; however, the current structures for providing insurance to American citizens are ineffective and inadequate.
Incorrect: Kevin did not come to my birthday party; likewise I am still waiting for my birthday present from him.
Correct: Kevin did not come to my birthday party; consequently, I am still waiting for my present from him.
Conjunctive Adverbs in The ACTEXAMPLE 1
According to the United Nations International Labor Organization, the average American works approximately one week longer now than in 1990. Consequently, the cases of stress related heart diseases are also on the rise in America.
1. A) No Change B) Meanwhile, C) For instance, D) Nonetheless,
Conjunctive Adverbs in The ACTExample 1
According to the United Nations International Labor Organization, the average American works approximately one week longer now than in 1990. Consequently, the cases of stress related heart diseases are also on the rise in America.
1. A) No Change B) Meanwhile, C) For instance, D) Nonetheless,
Conjunctive Adverbs in The ACTExample 2
As a culture, it is becoming very apparent that our changing labor practices require further consideration; it is necessary to raise the question, “do increased work hours bolster production or simply compensate for diminishing efficiency?”
2. A) No Change B) Finally, it is C) Therefore, it is D) Moreover, it is
Conjunctive Adverbs in The ACTExample 2
As a culture, it is becoming very apparent that our changing labor practices require further consideration; it is necessary to raise the question, “do increased work hours bolster production or simply compensate for diminishing efficiency?”
2. A) No Change B) Finally, it is C) Therefore, it is D) Moreover, it is
Tutorial 2: Decide the Most Logical Place to Add a Sentence
Adding Sentences In Writing
INCORRECT: Typically, liberals are pro-choice and therefore support gay marriage. President Obama specifically wants to increase marriage benefits for same-sex couples.
Add Idea: Obama is Christian liberal
CORRECT: Typically, liberals are pro-choice and therefore support gay marriage. As a Christian liberal, President Barak Obama holds many strong opinions on gay marriage. Coincidentally, the President specifically wants to increase marriage benefits for same-sex couples.