ENGR-101

Week 01: Introduction to Test Equipment

Today’s Agenda

11:00 Role CallWelcoming Remarks

11:15 Experiment 1: Display various waveforms (with Autoscale)

11:35 Experiment 2: Triggering

11:55 Experiment 3: Display Manipulation (without Autoscale)

12:15 Experiment 4: Reading measurements (with cursors)

12:35 Discussion Points

13:00 Adjourn

Welcome to Drexel!• MEM Professor since August 2000• Director, Robotics Lab (street-level Bossone)• Advised teams who won design competitions• 5+ years of industry experience• Fellow at NASA, Office of Navy Research and Boeing• Served under POTUS at National Science Foundation• Email: paul@coe.drexel.edu• Web: http://www.mem.drexel.edu/pauloh.html• TA: Robert Ellenberg (robert.william.ellenberg@drexel.edu)

According to Beloit College Mindset, the Class of 2015 (born around 1992)….

When someone mentions Fergie, you think…

But I think of…

The former Sarah Ferguson, the Duchess of York

Your first computer probably looked like

With a Pentium 3 CPU, 100+ MB Drive1+ MB RAM, CD-Rom

My first computer looked like this…

Cassette tape drive (hours to load a game),16K RAM, 8-bit CPU and what’s a CD-Rom?

Popular TV shows when I was a kid…

But you probably know them as the following movies…

Worldwide Optical Content 103 TBWorldwide Printed Content 1,633 TBUS Broadcast Media 14,893 TBWorldwide Film Content 420,254 TBInternet 532,897 TBWorldwide Magnetic Content 4,999,230 TBWorld Telephone Calls 17,200,000 TBElectronic Flow of New Info 17, 903, 340 TB

Giga = 10^6 Tera = 10^12 Peta = 10^15

The World of Tera

Zettabytes is Tomorrow…

1 Petabyte1,000 TB or250,000 DVDs

200 TerabytesA digital library of all books ever written in any language

100 PentabytesThe amount of data produced in a single minute by a new Particle collider at CERN

1 Exabyte1,000 PB or250M DVDs

5 ExabytesA transcript of all words ever spoken

100 ExabytesA video recording of all the meetings that took place last yearall over the world

66 ZettabytesThe amount of visual information conveyed from the eyes to theBrain of the entire human race in a single year

1 Zettabyte1,000 EB or250B DVDs

1 Yottabyte1,000 ZB or250T DVDs

20 YottabytesA holographic snapshot of the earth’s surface

Source: Cisco Visual Networking Index Forecast 2007-2012

Paradigm ShiftIn Design

Paradigm ShiftOld: Just-in-Case Teaching

New: Just-in-Time Learning

Paradigm Shift in Skill Development

Old: 3 R’s (Reading, Writing and Arithmetic)

New: 3 S’s (Search, Share and Simulate)

Paradigm Shifts in Teaching, Learning and Design

Rules of ThumbBuild PrototypesExpensive TestingDemonstrationPrototypingPrototyping SystemsFeasibility

Yesterday

Analytical Synthesis MethodsBuilding ModelsSimulationVisualizationRapid PrototypingVirtual RealityOptimal Solutions

Tomorrow

Motivation for Today’s Lab

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TbuqKKvcziA&feature=related

Myth Buster: Can an opera singer shatter a wine glass?

How would you go about testing and demonstrating this?

Experiment 1: Display various waveforms (with Autoscale)

Goal: Display sine wave at 1 kHz, 1 VPP, with 0 VDC offset

Step 1: • Under “Tool” controls, press Wave Gen• Connect one end of BNC cable on Function Generator’s “Output”• Connect other end to Oscilloscope’s 1X connector

Step 2: • Set “sine” waveform• Set “Offset” 0 VDC• Set “Frequency” 1 kHz• Set “Amplitude” 1 VPP

Step 3: • Press “Autoscale” button

Congratulations: You should see a sine wave at the prescribed amplitude and frequency

1-1: Sine wave, 20 kHz, 4 VPP, 2 VDC offset

1-2: Triangle wave, 50 Hz, 100 mVPP, 0 VDC offset

1-3: Ramp wave, max freq (~100 kHz), max amp (~20 VPP) 0 VDC offset

Exercises: Generate and display:

Lab Notebook: At 0 VDC Offset, what are the function generator’s

1-A: Max and min peak-to-peak voltage for sine? For ramp?1-B: Max and min frequency settings for sine? For ramp?

Experiment 2: Triggering

Goal: Display the waveform when a voltage level is met

Step 1: • Generate ramp at 1 kHz, 2 VPP, 0 VDC offset• On oscilloscope, press “Autoscale”

Step 2: • On oscilloscope: Trigger – Mode - Auto

Step 3: • Rotate “Level” knob to move the trigger (level) point up or down

Exercise:

2-1: In lab notebook, explain what happened and why

Step 4: Rotate “Level” knob until trigger level is above the ramp

Experiment 3: Display Manipulation (without Autoscale)

Goal: Customizing the display

Step 1: • Generate sine wave at 1 kHz, 1 VPP, with 0 VDC offset

Step 2: • Rotate the Volts/div knob to zoom waveform• Rotate the Position knob to reposition waveform vertically

500 mV

Step 3: • Rotate Time/div knob

200 uS

Period = 5*200 us = 1000 us = 1 ms

Frequency = 1/T so, have a 1 kHzsine wave

Exercise: Partner 1 randomly set generator (and cover display). Partner 2must capture, display and report signal frequency, VPP and Offset

3-1: Sine: f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, VPP = 1 to 4 V, Offset = 0 to 2 VDC

3-2: Triangle: f = 1 Hz to 50 Hz, VPP = 10 mV to 100 mV at 0 VDC offset

3-3: Ramp: f = 10 kHz to 100 kHz, VPP = 2 to 20 V, 0 VDC offset

Lab Notebook:

3-A: Rotate Time/div and record oscilloscope’s max and min time resolution3-B: Rotate Volts/div and record oscilloscope’s max and min voltage resolution

Experiment 4: Reading measurements (with cursors)

Goal: Use voltage and time cursors to read measurements

Step 1: • Generate ramp wave at 50 Hz, 200 mV VPP, with 0 VDC offset

Step 2: • Select Measure – Time - Cursor

Exercise: Partner 1 randomly set generator (and cover display). Partner 2use cursors to report signal frequency, VPP and Offset

4-1: Sine: f = 1 kHz to 20 kHz, VPP = 1 to 4 V, Offset = 0 to 2 VDC

4-2: Triangle: f = 1 Hz to 50 Hz, VPP = 10 mV to 100 mV at 0 VDC offset

4-3: Ramp: f = 10 kHz to 100 kHz, VPP = 2 to 20 V, 0 VDC offset

Discussion Points

Take Home Points:

• Understand and visualize output signals (hence function generator)• Question: Why only sine, square, ramp, triangle?• Hint: Fourier theorems, derivatives and integrals

• Measure signals (hence oscilloscope)• Question: What’s a transducer? • Hint: Oscilloscope only measures voltages

• Autoscale is nice feature but usually works for periodic signals

Myth Busters Breaking Glass With Human Voice 1/3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=O9FrMkhQoA4

Myth Busters Breaking Glass With Human Voice 2/3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nHSGd2X1nc8&feature=related

Myth Busters Breaking Glass With Human Voice 3/3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oXV45t6wlWU&feature=related

Myth Buster: Can an opera singer shatter a wine glass?

How would you go about testing and demonstrating this?

Things to think about: Resonance versus Amplification

Source: http://www.intmath.com/Trigonometric-graphs/music.php

Doh-Ray-Mee-Fah-Soh-Lah-Tee-Doh(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)

http://www.pianoeletronico.com.br/index-en.html

Next Time: Week 02 – Shutter Speed Measurement

• Bring camera: A disposable camera will be disassembled• Search and read about disposable cameras

• http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5031419_disposable-cameras-made.html• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=emjm-HJAsME&feature=related

• Search how camera flashes work• http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/camera-flash1.htm

• What are coil guns and tasers?• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=epaMq1vee_c

• What is a film ASA rating and how does this relate to shutter speed?• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film_speed• Roughly calculate the shutter speed needed for a disposable camera