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PREFACELIST OF CONTRIBUTORSCONTENTSCHAPTER 1. IntroductionCHAPTER 2. Origin, composition and properties of petroleumIntroductionGeneration of petroleumGiogenic originThermal generationBiogenic methane
MigrationCompositional changes in the reservoirThermal maturationWater washingBacterial degradation
Composition of petroleumIntroductionSampling, storage and analysis
Compounds in crude oilIntroductionHydrocarbonsCompounds with heteroatomsMetalsAsphaltic components
Physical propertiesClassificationREFERENCES
CHAPTER 3. Fundamentals of enhanced recoveryIntroductionPore geometryMicroscopic aspects of displacementImmiscible displacement and the frontal regionResidual oilResidual oil - magnitudeResidual oil - mobilizationPrevention of trappingBuoyancy forces and prevention of trappingWettabilityWettability and residual oilWettability and oir recoveryMiscible displacementConditionally miscible displacementMacroscopic aspects of displacementSummary and conclusionsREFERENCES
CHAPTER 4. Relative permeabilities IntroductionMathematical models for predicting two- and three-phase relative permeabilitiesExperimental methods for relative permeability measurementSteady-state methodsUnsteady-state (displacement) methods
Nandling of test coresFactors affecting relative permeabilityFluid saturation and saturation historyViscous, capillary, and gravitational forcesWettabilityTemperature
Concluding remarksACKNOWLEDGEMENTSREFERENCES
CHAPTER 5. Flow tests' analysis: liquid caseThe physical system and its mathematical descriptionThe mass balance equationThe equation of motionThe equation of state
The application of the equation of flow to the physical systemStates of flowFundamantal solution and superpositionThe fundamental solutionSuperposition
Constant-rate drawdown and buildupDrawdownBuildup
SkinThe two-rate flow testMultiple flow rate, drawdownVariable-rate buildupApproximate methodThe t*q* methodThe exact method - superposition
Average reservoir pressureHeterogeneities and flow tests' interpretationWellbore storageMultiphase flowInterference and pulse testingInjection wellsCurve matchingREFERENCES
CHAPTER 6. Enhanced oil recovery injection watersIntroductionOccurrence, origin and evolution of oilfield watersScale compaction and membrane filtration
Chemical and physical properties of oilfield watersInorganic constituentsCationsAnionsPhysical propertiesDissolved gasesStable isotopesOrganic constituents
SamplingDrill-stem testDissolved hydrocarbonsSampling at the flowlineSampling at the wellheadSample for determining unstable properties or speciesSample for stable-isotope analysisSample containersTabulation of sample description
Methods of analysis of oilfield watersEnhanced oil recovery operationsSurfactant and polymer floodsPolymer operationAlkaline flood operationCarbon dioxide floodingMiscible hydrocarbon floodingInert gas injectionIn-situ combustionSteam operations
Injection waterWater sourcesSeawaterSeawater vs. formation water as source water
Water quality testsMembrane filter testWater compatibilityAnhydrite and gypsumWater compatibility testClay sensitivityCore flow testCorrosionBacteriaSulfate-reducing bacteria countTotal bacterial count
Injectivity lossesConclusionsREFERENCES
CHAPTER 7. Some chemical and physical problems in enhanced oil recovery operationsIntroductionPrecipitation and deposition of asphaltenes and paraffinsChemistry of asphaltenes and paraffinsFactors determining asphalt and paraffin depositionRemoval of deposits
Scaling problemsStability criterion for oilfield brines (CaCO3 scale)Calcium sulfate scaleMiscellaneous scalesScale controlScale removal
Formation damage due to migration of finesThe physical chemistry of clay migration and swelling Fines migration in EOR processes
REFERENCES
CHAPTER 8. WaterfloodingIntroductionWaterflooding "Rules of thumb"Flood design by analogySweep efficiencyPattern selectionOff-pattern wellsUnconfined patternsFracturesReservoir heterogeneityContinued injection after breakthroughMobility ratio
Major predictive techniquesBuckley-Leverett predictive techniqueDouble Buckley-Leverett techniqueDykstra-Parsons methodStiles method
Carbonate reservoir waterflood predictions and performanceIntroductionIntercrystalling - intergranula porosity systemsPrediction methods and comparison with actual performanceWaterflood performance
Fracture-matrix porosity systems Imbibition flooding
Vugular-solution porosity systemsImproved waterflood processesPolymersSurfactants
Performance of some resent important waterfloodsJay/Little Escambia Creek FieldBell Creek FieldWest Delta Block 73 FieldWichita County Regular Field Salem Unit, Marion County, Illinois
REFERENCES
REFERENCES INDEXSUBJECT INDEX