AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH COMMUNICATION CENTRE www.arccjournals.com/www.legumeresearch.in Legume Res., 37 (5) : 467-472, 2014 doi:10.5958/0976-0571.2014.00661.4 ENHANCEMENT OF PLANTING VALUE AND STORAGE PERFORMANCE OF DIFFERENT CULTIVARS WITH VARIOUS GERMINABALITY OF SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX) SEED BY PRE TREATMENT T.N. Usha* and Malavika Dadlani Indian Agriculture Research Institute, New Delhi-110 012, India Received: 21-08-2013 Accepted: 10-01-2014 ABSTRACT Soybean (Glycine max) seeds loose viability at a rapid pace under subtropical conditions. The pretreatments viz., poykote, poykote + thiram, polykote + neem cake powder, poltkote + hitron, Royalflo, celomic fluid and vermiwash, were given to three cultivars of soybean seed with high, medium and low vigour to see the seedling performance. Performance was measured in terms of germination first and final count, seedling dry weight and field emergence. These treated seeds were stored in 700 mm gauge polythene and cloth bag and germination percentage were recorded at three months interval upto twelve months. Overall, the effect of pre-sowing treatments was most pronounced in medium vigour seed lot (Bragg). Polymer coating with fungicides viz., polykote + thiram and Royalflo were most effective in enhancing the germination, seedling growth and field emergence, in all the cultivars of soybean. Coating with polymer + thiram or with Royalflo was most effective in retaining germination during storage. Irrespective of the cultivar, germination remained above 70% in these treatments upto 9 months even in cloth bags. Key words : Presowing treatment, Seed germination, Soybean, Storage. INTRODUCTION Soybean contains about 30-40% proteins, 30-40% carbohydrates and 20% oil of which approximately 60% are polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) content, it is liable to rapid degradation making it a poor storer. Peroxidation of PUFA is considered to be one of the major causes of the rapid loss of viability (Wilson and McDonald, 1986a; Vijay and Dadlani, 2003). This loss of seed vigour and viability are more rapid in subtropical countries as compared to temperate environment, the conditions of high temperature and humidity in subtropical countries such as India make it difficult to produce quality seeds and maintain their viability during storage. In terms of planting value, poor seed vigour results in faster loss of germination during storage, poor field emergence and inadequate stand establishment. Therefore, enhancement of seed vigour is crucial to determine the planting value of the seed crop particularly in poor storer ones such as soybean. Keeping this problem in mind, an attempt was made to know the best enhancement treatment for different seed vigour lots of soybean and their effect on storability was carried out. In fact, enhancement treatments provide a powerful manipulative tool for improving performance of seed during storage and planting under field conditions (Pires et al., 2004). Although efficacy of enhancement treatments on performance of seed and storablity has been established (Chachalis and Smith, 2001, Rivas et al., 1998, Basavaraj et al., 2008), this field of seed physiology still remains relatively less explored in case of soybean. Thus, the objective of this work was to know the efficacy of enhancement treatment on different vigour lots and also to know the effect of these treatments on storability of soybean seed. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three seed lots of soybean cv. GP 2601, Bragg and PK 416, having germination per cent ranging from 84 to 50% were used for seed * Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] and address:Seed Science and Technology, Shimoga-577 225.
ENHANCEMENT OF PLANTING VALUE AND STORAGE PERFORMANCE OFDIFFERENT CULTIVARS WITH VARIOUS GERMINABALITY OF SOYBEAN
(GLYCINE MAX) SEED BY PRE TREATMENT
T.N. Usha* and Malavika Dadlani
Indian Agriculture Research Institute,New Delhi-110 012, India
Received: 21-08-2013 Accepted: 10-01-2014
ABSTRACTSoybean (Glycine max) seeds loose viability at a rapid pace under subtropical conditions. The
pretreatments viz., poykote, poykote + thiram, polykote + neem cake powder, poltkote + hitron,Royalflo, celomic fluid and vermiwash, were given to three cultivars of soybean seed with high,medium and low vigour to see the seedling performance. Performance was measured in terms ofgermination first and final count, seedling dry weight and field emergence. These treated seeds werestored in 700 mm gauge polythene and cloth bag and germination percentage were recorded atthree months interval upto twelve months. Overall, the effect of pre-sowing treatments was mostpronounced in medium vigour seed lot (Bragg). Polymer coating with fungicides viz., polykote +thiram and Royalflo were most effective in enhancing the germination, seedling growth and fieldemergence, in all the cultivars of soybean. Coating with polymer + thiram or with Royalflo was mosteffective in retaining germination during storage. Irrespective of the cultivar, germination remainedabove 70% in these treatments upto 9 months even in cloth bags.
INTRODUCTIONSoybean contains about 30-40% proteins,
30-40% carbohydrates and 20% oil of whichapproximately 60% are polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) content, it is liable to rapid degradationmaking it a poor storer. Peroxidation of PUFA isconsidered to be one of the major causes of the rapidloss of viability (Wilson and McDonald, 1986a; Vijayand Dadlani, 2003). This loss of seed vigour andviability are more rapid in subtropical countries ascompared to temperate environment, the conditionsof high temperature and humidity in subtropicalcountries such as India make it difficult to producequality seeds and maintain their viability duringstorage.
In terms of planting value, poor seed vigourresults in faster loss of germination during storage,poor field emergence and inadequate standestablishment. Therefore, enhancement of seedvigour is crucial to determine the planting value ofthe seed crop particularly in poor storer ones such
as soybean. Keeping this problem in mind, anattempt was made to know the best enhancementtreatment for different seed vigour lots of soybeanand their effect on storability was carried out. In fact,enhancement treatments provide a powerfulmanipulative tool for improving performance of seedduring storage and planting under field conditions(Pires et al., 2004).
Although efficacy of enhancementtreatments on performance of seed and storablityhas been established (Chachalis and Smith, 2001,Rivas et al., 1998, Basavaraj et al., 2008), this fieldof seed physiology still remains relatively less exploredin case of soybean. Thus, the objective of this workwas to know the efficacy of enhancement treatmenton different vigour lots and also to know the effect ofthese treatments on storability of soybean seed.
MATERIALS AND METHODSThree seed lots of soybean cv. GP 2601,
Bragg and PK 416, having germination per centranging from 84 to 50% were used for seed
*Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected] and address:Seed Science and Technology, Shimoga-577 225.
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enhancement treatments. The following seedtreatments were applied for seed enhancement.
These enhanced soybean seeds were packedin cloth bag and 700 mm gauge polythene bag. Thesepacked bags were stored under ambient conditions.Germination was recorded at three months intervalup to twelve months.
Germination was tested in three replicationsof 100 seeds each, following between the papermethod at 250C (Anonymous, 2004). First and finalcounts were taken on 5th and 8th day respectively.Germination percentage was recorded on the basisof normal seedlings only. Seedling dry weight wasestimated in three replications, following thestandard method (Gupta, 1993). Ten normalseedlings were picked up randomly from thegerminated seeds from each replication and driedin oven at 800C for overnight. It is expressed as mg/10 seedlings. Field emergence recorded after 15 daysof sowing on the number of seedling emerged in each
row. The seedling emergence was expressed as percent.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONSSeeds of soybean and other pulse crops are
reported to be susceptible to imbibitional injury whenthe seed is kept in direct contact with water (Powellet al., 1986; Ni, 2001). Hence, in soybean six of theeight pre-sowing seed enhancement treatments werenot hydration-based. Coating with polymers helpsin providing a sound physical protection to the fragileseed coat of soybeans (Prochaska, 2001).
There was no significant difference betweenthe control and treated seed in germination first countof high vigour soybean seed lot (GP 2601) except incelomic fluidpriming i.e., 85% (Table 2). In case ofmedium vigour lot (Bragg), germination per cent firstcount significant improvement was obtained inRoyalflo, polykote + thiram treatments. In case oflow vigour lot (PK 416) enhanced germination firstcount ranged from 49% in polykote + hitron andvermiwash to 60% in Royalflo, which were allsignificantly higher than control. A significantdifference in the final count of germination per centwas observed in control and polykote + thiram,celomic fluid, Royalflo and polykote treated seeds inthe cultivar (GP 2601) (Table 2). Final countgermination per cent of high vigour seed lot rangedfrom 86% in vermiwash to 94% in polykote + thiramas against 84% in control. In Bragg germination percent ranged from 76% in polykote + NCP to 85% inRoyalflo as compared to 74% in control. In case of
TABLE 1: Details of seed coating treatments.
Treatment Concentration
Polykote 4 ml/ kg seedsPolykote + Thiram 4 ml/ kg seeds + 2.5 g/ Kg seedPolykote + Neem 4 ml/ kg seeds + 5 g/ Kg seedcake powderPolykote + Hitron 4 ml/ kg seeds + 5 g/ Kg seedRoyalflo 4 ml/ kg seedsRhizobium 4g/ kg seedCelomic fluid priming* At 18oC for 17 hrVermiwash priming* At 18oC for 17 hr*Standard liquids receivedfrom IVRI, Izzatnagar, U. P.
TABLE 2:Effect of seed enhancement treatments on first count and final count of soybean in different cultivars of soybean.
Treatments First count (%) Final count (%)
GP 2601 Bragg PK 416 Mean GP 2601 Bragg PK 416 Mean
Values in parenthesis indicate angular transformed.
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low vigour seed lot (PK 416) germination per centranged from 54% in polykote + NCP to 65% inRoyalflo as against 50% in control, respectively withall the treatments resulting in significant improvement.Thus, there was an enhancement of nearly 10% (highvigour seeds of GP2601), 13% (medium vigour seedsof Bragg) and 30% (low vigour seeds of PK 416) inseed germination due to such treatments. Chachalisand Smith (2001) and Pires et al., (2004) reportedbetter performance of soybean and bean seeds inthe field when coated with polymers either singly orin combination with pesticides. Thus, a number ofseed coating treatments with polymers either singly(polykote), or in combination with thiram or neemcake powder or halogen based hitron, were appliedto soybean seed in the present study. Coating withthe water soluble liquid fungicidal formulationRoyalflo and with rhizobial culture, which is acommon practice in legumes, were also compared.Two novel organic boosters i.e. celomic fluid andbody wash of earthworms were also included in thestudy.
A significant difference in seedling dry weightwas recorded among different treatments and seedlots (Table 3). The mean seedling dry weights werehigher in medium of Bragg (26.75 mg) and lowvigour seeds of PK 416 (33.50 mg) seed lots, ascompared to the high vigour seeds of GP 2601 (23.50mg) seed lot because of the higher test weights inthe former varieties (i.e. medium and low vigour seedlots). Seedling dry weight in high vigour lot ranged
from 26.90 mg in polykote + NCP to 28.15 mg inpolykote + thiram. In medium vigour seed lot,seedling dry weight ranged from 32.00 mg inrhizobium treatment to 38.05 mg in Royalflotreatment. In case of low vigour seed of Braggseedling dry weight ranged from 36.60 mg inrhizobium treatment to 46.60 mg in polykote +thiram coating. Effect of seed enhancementtreatments on field emergence was significant in highvigour lot (GP 2601), except rhizobium treatment(Table 3). High vigour treated seed lots varied from77% in celomic fluid to 86% in Royalflo as against74% in control. In medium vigour seed lot (Bragg)all the treatments were significantly effective withfield emergence ranging from 55% in polykote +NCP to 63% in polykote + thiram in comparison to50% in control. In case of low vigour seed lot (PK416), treatments with polykote + NCP, polykote +hitron and rhizobium significantly lowered the fieldemergence whereas it ranged 38% in polykote +thiram, Royalflo and celomic fluid to 40% in polykoteas against 35% in control. Overall, coating the seedwith polymer + thiram was most effective, followedby Royalflo coating, in enhancing the fieldemergence.
The treated soybean seeds were divided andpacked in 700 mm gauge polythene bag and in clothbag and stored under ambient laboratory conditionsfor twelve months. Coating of seed with polykote +thiram and Royalflo were the most effectivetreatments that maintained germination above 70%,
TABLE 3: Effect of seed enhancement treatments on seedling dry weight and field emergence of soybean in differentcultivars of soybean.
Treatments Seedling dry weight (mg) Field emergence (%)
GP 2601 Bragg PK 416 Mean GP 2601 Bragg PK 416 Mean
Values in parenthesis indicate angular transformed.
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irrespective of different vigour lots and different kindsof storage bags upto nine months of ambient storage(Table 4 & 5). Fungicidal based polymer treatmentswere most effective in enhancing the initialgermination and vigour of soybean, as well as itsstorability upto 12 months, thus corroborating earlierreports on the beneficial effects of polymers (Pires etal., 2004). As the incidence of both field and storagefungi were found significantly higher in medium andlow vigour seed lots than the high vigour lot,
respectively, it is inferred from the present resultsthat seed coating with polymers, alone or incombination with fungicides, could effectivelycontrol preponderance of fungal incidence onseed. It was encouraging to note that the effect ofcelomic fluid treatment was also significant in allthe cultivars of various vigour level. Overall, theeffect of pre-sowing treatments was mostpronounced in the cultivars Bragg, both initiallyand after storage.
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(2008) Effect of fungicide and polymer film coating on storability of onion seeds. Karnataka Journal of Agric.Sci., 21(2): 212-218.
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