Enhancing Climate Resilient Livelihood

Causes of Climate Change Deforestation Industrialization Urbanization GHG & fossil fuel Radiation Particulate matters

Impact of Climate Change Flooding Salinity in coastal area Cyclone Drought Crop yield loss Loss of biodiversity & adaption Ozone depletion Fresh water decline Alter precipitation Land degradation Alter ecosystem Population migration

Need Population 185 million of BD in 2030

Hamper

Climate Change

Background

Causes of Increase Salinity Intrusion in Coastal Belt of Bangladesh

Location of the countrySedimentationSea level riseCyclone and storm surgeTidal floodingChanges in ground water flowShrimp cultivationWeak structure of embankmentPoor maintenanceHigh evapo-transpirationNo scope to flush out of accumulated saltsNo/less use of organic soil amendmentsUse of imbalanced fertilizers and pesticides

Saline area 20% of the total area and almost 30% of net cultivable area, BD.

Less amount of cattle due to unavailability of forage cropsAccompany of poverty and malnutritionMigration to city

Drought (Dec, 15)

Salt

Existing Scenario of Agriculture of Koyra and Shyamnagar

Agricultural fields- Moderately to highly salineShrimp cultivation

Mono-cropped area (T-aman, kharif 2 season)Rabi season (wheat, maize)Fallow in kharif 1 seasonSalinity & drought are high during kharif 1 seasonHigh scarcity of irrigation water

No/less use of organic matterLack of modern technologies for crop productionLoss of crops yield

Cropping Season Existing Crops

Kharif 1 season: Drier and hotter (Mid March to mid June)

Fallow

Kharif 2 season: Drier, hotter , rainy (Mid June to mid October)

T-aman (Local, HYV, Hybrid)

So, single cropped, T- aman, resulting in scarcity of food, nutrition, medication etc.

Present Cropping Pattern

Rabi season: Drier and cooler (Mid October to mid March)

Wheat, Maize(Small area)

Common Techniques to Grow Crops during Kharif 1 and Rabi season

a. Suitable Crop VarietiesMung beanMaize

Kharif 1 JuteIndian spinachSwamp cabbagePumpkinMustard

Rabi BarleyPotatoSunflower

b. Soil organic & inorganic amendments

CowdungPoultry manureCompostGreen manureVermicompost

FertilizersCalciumPotassiumNitrogen

MineralsZeolite

c. Plant bio-regulatorsGibberellic acidAuxinSalicylic acidJasmonic acidCytokinin

To introduce salt tolerant varieties during kharif 1and Rabi season with changing climate.

To improve the livelihood of poor people living incoastal area by increasing cropping intensitythrough new crop varieties.

Objectives

Materials and Methdos

Team is formed by consultants and researchers

Site Selection:

-Ramjannagar, Shyamanagar

-Maheshwaripur, Koyra

During site selection we consulted with Upazilla Chairman Upazilla Nirbahi Officer Upazilla Agriculture Officer Sub Assistant Agriculture Officer Union Parishad Chairman/Councilor/Local Leader

Materials and Methdos

Crops Selection

• Short duration

• High yielding

• Saline & drought tolerant Plots Selection/Utilities

• Beside the road• Close to water source• Avoid wet soil• Land area assessment• Discuss with officials of

IRB

Farmers selection• Interest to innovative adaptation• Education• Experience• Age • Knowledge and Skills

Farmers Field Laboratory Crops (Kharif 1)

Name of Crop Type of Crop Yield (t/ha) Treated Plot

Yield (t/ha) Non-Treated Plot

Swamp cabbage (Local) Leafy vegetable 41.5 16.6

Indian spinach (Local) Leafy vegetable 53.2 15.8

Mungbean(BARI Mungbean 5)

Pulse crop 1.36 0.52

Maize (Hybrid) Cereal 4.20 1.12

Jute (Deshi) Fibre 2.17 0.68

Name of Crop FFL Yield Expected highest Yield

National Average Yield

Percentage Increased

Pumpkin 30.0 35 20 50%

Mustard 0.95 1.5 0.89 6.74%

Barely 2.5 2.2 1.87 33.69 %

Potato 20.0 25.0 10.0 100%

Sunflower 1.5 1.7 1.0 50 %

Farmers Field Laboratory Crops (Rabi)

On Farm Activities for Climate Resilience

Under Farmers Field Laboratory several climateadaptive crops were trailed by 101 farmers andfound 82% have been successful.

Many a household started practicing bag or sackgardening and sold their produced vegetables atlocal market.

Male and female headed household involved inhomestead gardening and succeeded to havetheir daily meals triply.

Findings

After involvement with Farmers Field Laboratory (FFL)About 70% beneficiary has taken family farming as theirmajor occupation; among them 53.4% are females

Cropping intensity increased from single to mono-cropping due to cultivation of successful kharif 1 andRabi crops (Swamp cabbage, Indian spinach, Mungbean,Pumpkin, Barley, Potato) trailed under FFL whichultimately improves their livelihood.

Cont’d

The successful crops are scaled up at similarecological zones in collaboration with BARI, localextension service provider.

Beneficiaries showed very interest on continuingthe homestead vegetable gardening, amongthem 85% produced some species of vegetableand improved their nutritional status.

Total 330 households practiced bag gardening inthe study areas and produced chili, tomato,eggplant, spinach in the sacks.

Messages In coastal area Swamp cabbage, Indian spinach, Mungbean,

Maize, Jute are found suitable to face climatic variability suchas soil salinity, high temperature and water scarcity and thesesuccessful varieties need to be replicated and scaled up.

Pumpkin, Mustard, Barley, Potato, Sunflower are consideredas rabi season crops in the saline prone area of Satkhira andKhulna district.

In considering sustainability, scope of institutionalizing FFLapproach, strengthening collaboration and harmonizationwith extension service interventions need to be explored.

Thank You