ENHANCING CONNECTIVITY THROUGH
TRANSPORT INFRASTRUCTURE The Role of Official Development Finance and Private Investment G20 GICA Meeting, January 26 2018
Kaori MIYAMOTO, Development Co-operation Directorate
Connectivity Transport Action Plans
2 Source: Mercator Institute for China Studies, 2017
Examples of Action Plan:
• PIDA • ASEAN Connectivity • Greater Mekong • TEN-T • The Belt and Road
Initiative (See Map)
Connectivity Transport Infrastructure – International airports and ports as well as railways and roads that are cross-border or connect major cities.
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Strategies and Activities of Development Partners
STRATEGIES
• Enhance trade and integration
• Uphold social, safety, and environmental standards
• Specific regional focus
ACTIVITIES
• Finance construction, rehabilitation and maintenance
• Support soft projects, such as One Stop Border Post, harmonisation of
aviation safety standards, and national transport data management
COLLECTIVE MECHANISMS
• Sustainable Mobility for All (SuM4All), GICA
• Pacific Region Infrastructure Facility (PRIF), Africa 50, TradeMark East Africa
• International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO)
International Maritime Organisation (IMO)
Intergovernmental Organisation for International Carriage by Rail (OTIF)
World Road Association (PIARC)
Current Spending and Financing Gap in Connectivity Transport
4
USD Billion 2014-2015 annual average
Source: Calculations based on Brookings et al (2015) estimates
Sectoral Breakdown of ODF and Private Investment
5
Breakdown by Sector
2014-2015 annual average
44%
61%
1%
16%
5%
15%
50%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Road Railway Port Airport
ODF
Private investment
Breakdown of ODF and Private Investment
6
Breakdown by Region
2014-2015 annual average
11%
46% 36%
39%
10%
50%
8%
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
Asia Africa Europe America
Private Investment
ODF
Breakdown of ODF and Private Investment
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Breakdown by Income-Level Group
6% 70% 94%
94%
30% 6%
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
UMICs LMICs LICs
ODF Private Investments
2014-2015 annual average, USD billion
8
Development Partners
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0
Arab Fund
Korea
IADB
EU Institutions
AfDB
EBRD
IsDB
Japan
AsDB
WBG
ODA
OOF
Top 10 Development Partners
2014-2015 annual average, USD Billion
Top Recipients for Connectivity Transport
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Top 10 ODF Recipient Countries
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Bolivia (LMIC)
Bangladesh(LIC)
Ethiopia (LIC)
Morocco(LMIC)
Ukraine (LMIC)
Egypt (LMIC)
Kenya (LIC)
China (UMIC)
Viet Nam(LMIC)
India (LMIC)
Thousands
ODA OOF
2014-2015 annual average, USD billion
Top 10 Countries with Most Private Investment
2014-2015 annual average, USD billion
0 5 10 15 20 25
Costa Rica(UMIC)
Chile(UMIC)
Peru(UMIC)
Philippines (LMIC)
Mexico(UMIC)
India(LMIC)
China(UMIC)
Colombia(UMIC)
Brazil(UMIC)
Turkey(UMIC)
India (LMIC)
China (UMIC)
China (UMIC)
India (LMIC)
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Issues around Connectivity Transport
1. Project selection and planning
2. Co-ordination and harmonisation
3. Debt sustainability
4. Trade and investment policies
5. The future of transport
Full report for the presentation (forthcoming):
OECD(2018), Enhancing Connectivity through Transport Infrastructure: The Role of Official Development Finance and Private Investment, DCD Working Paper.
The Belt and Road Map:
Mercator Institute for China Studies(2017), The Silk Road Initiative – China aims to built a global infrastructure network, 15 May 2017, https://www.merics.org/en/china-mapping/silk-road-initiative
ODF data:
OECD (2017), “CRS: Aid Activities”, OECD International Development Statistics (database), http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/development/data/creditor-reporting-system/aid-activities_data-00061-en
Private investment data:
Compilation based on World Bank Private Participation in Infrastructure database and Dealogic Projectware
Estimates on the financing gap:
Brookings Institution, Global Commission on the Economy and Climate, New Climate Economy and the Grantham Research Institute (2015), Driving Sustainable Development through Better Infrastructure: Key Elements of a Transformation Program, Working Paper 91, July 2015, https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/07/07-sustainable-development-infrastructure-v2.pdf.
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Main Sources
THANK YOU
