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Clark W. Gellings EPRI Fellow National Academies U.S.-China Power Systems Workshop May 30, 2013 Enhancing the U.S. Bulk Power System
Clark W. Gellings
EPRI Fellow
National Academies U.S.-China Power Systems Workshop
May 30, 2013
Enhancing the U.S. Bulk Power System
2 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Generation by Fuel Source in 2030
Coal
Coal CCS
Petroleum
Natural Gas
Gas CCS
Nuclear
Hydro
Renewables
EIA 2030
4669 TWh
Prism 2030
4888 TWh
Prism 60% no- or low-carbon electricity by 2030
50%
1%
17%
19%
6% 7%
6%
15%
28%
28% 10%
11%
2%
3 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Wind Energy & Population Density
4 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Lead Time
Co
st
Current Uprating
15% – 20 %
Voltage Upgrades
50% – 100% AC to DC Conversion
50% – 200%
FACTS Technologies
20% – 50%
Reconductor
20% – 50 %
Increased Power – Options and Tradeoffs
5 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Comparison of General Right-of-Way
Requirements for Various Transmission Types 5,000 MW Capacity
345 kV (Six single-circuit)
500 kV (Four single-circuit)
6,000 MW Capacity
765 kV AC (Three single-circuit)
345 kV (Three double-circuit)
500 kV (Two double-circuit)
500 kV DC 800 kV DC
Super-
conductor
electricity
pipeline
5,000 MW
Source: NREL, Renewable Electricity Futures Study – Bulk Electric Power Systems:
Operations and Transmission Planning, 2012
6 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Transmission Cost Comparison
Comparison of Costs to Deliver 6,000 MW Over
Various Distances and Voltages at 75% Utilization
Source: NREL, Renewable Electricity Futures Study – Bulk Electric Power Systems:
Operations and Transmission Planning, 2012
7 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Power System Expansion
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9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
2030 – New Transmission Lines WinDS Region Level – Simplified Corridors >+ 100 MW
Total Miles of
New Transmission
~12,650
2030 total between region transfers >= 100 MW (all power classes, onshore and offshore),
visually simplified to minimal paths. Arrows originate and terminate at the centroid of the
region for visualization purposes; they do not represent physical locations of transmission lines.
20% Wind 06-19-2007
Existing Transmission Data: POWERmap,
powermap.platts.com ©2007 Platts,
A Division of The McGraw-Hill Companies
Existing Transmission
Voltage
New Transmission
(by WinDS region)
230 – 240
241 – 360
361 – 450
451 – 500
501 – 1000
Source: NREL Renewable Energy Futures Study
9 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Atlantic Wind Connection Project (see: www.atlanticwindconnection.com/ferc/2010-12-filing/Petition_for_Declaratory_Order.pdf)
What
• A sub-sea HVDC backbone
transmission system
Where
• Extending from northern New Jersey to
southern Virginia.
Who
• Marubeni
• Good Earth
• Elia
Why
• Serve as an efficient collector of ac
power from offshore wind farms
• Relieve transmission congestion on the
eastern ac grid
• Improve regional system reliability. 2010 P
S36A
10 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
FACTS Hardware
Traditional Technologies
• Thyristor controlled reactors
• Thyristor switched reactors
• Thyristor switched capacitors
• Static Var Compensators
(SVC)
“New” Technologies
• Thyristor Controlled Series
Compensation (TCSC)
• STATic synchronous
COMpensator (STATCOM)
• Static Synchronous Series
Compensator (SSSC)
• Unified Power Flow Controller
(UPFC)
• Interphase Power Flow
Controller (IPFC)
NanoMarkets Survey – Global FACTS installations from U.S. $330M this year to $775 M in 2017
11 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Controller Interaction
Master Controller
Distribution Management
System
Master Controller
Master Controller
Community LEN
Campus LEN
Building LEN
Distribution
System
Bulk Power
System
Market Operator
System Operator
12 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Advanced Power Electronics
Silicon
Silicon Carbide
Silicon Carbide
+
Gallium Nitride
• High operating
temperature
• Lower switching
losses
• Widely available
• Low cost
• Higher Temperature
• Higher Voltage
• Optical switching
Super GTO Switch
2007 R&D 100 Award
Addresses fundamental research required for advances in
PE materials
New power electronics materials enable newer applications and benefits
13 © 2013 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. All rights reserved.
9084P Rev 0 5/28/13
Together…Shaping the Future of Electricity
