Enlightenment and Revolution 1680-1840
The Enlightenment
French Revolution
Napoleonic Europe
Background to the French Revolution
• As people became more self aware and thought of new ideas, they were less willing to be subjected and wanted to have more equality and say in the government that ruled them. All of these things in hand led to the French Revolution. The French Revolution led to the American Revolution and the rest is history.
Estates of France
Three levels of people organized divinely
6-10% 20-25% 70-75%
Percentage of Land owned by each group
Philosphes
• The leading intellectual figures of the enlightenment in France.
• All accepted the scientific method and wanted things to be proven to them before accepting them.
• You will be doing a project on the key characters of the Enlightenment.
The Economy
• Physiocrats worked on the science of economics.
• Pushed for more freedom of trade and completion.
• Key people were Adam Smith-An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of the World
The Salon
• Women participated by organizing a group to talk about new ideas.
• Participants were invited on basis of accomplishments not social status.
• Different ideas of women’s role- some thought women were complementary to men and vice versa, while others though men and women should exist in two different spheres.
Enlightened Despotism
• Rulers believed they should foster prosperity and social progress.
• Some ways they did this was
• Common law code for the country
• Bringing Religious institutions under stricter royal control
• Strengthen the economy
The Fine Arts- Rococo
A style of
architecture and decoration,
originating in France about
1720, evolved from Baroque
types and distinguished by its
elegant refinement in using
different materials for a
delicate overall effect and by
its ornament of
shell work and foliage.
Rococo
Fine Arts- Neoclassicism
• Many of the French caught 'Roman Fever' after the excavations of Pompeii and Herculaneum in 1738. This, along with a general rejection of the frilly Rococo style, persuaded the French to create cleaner, simpler paintings with no visible brushstrokes and a rational, morally-uplifting tone.
Fine Arts- Music
• Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HMjQygwPI1c&feature=related
Franz Joseph Haydn
http://www.youtube.
com/watch?v=7bFC
5EaOsUI
Classical Music sought to incorporate the values of
Classicism- order, harmony, stability, and symmetry.
Mozart Read page 157
• The Magic Flute
• http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=463jDvbw3LQ&feature=related
Rules of History
• The way history was thought of changed. It was seen as something to be studied and learned from.
• Edward Gibbon was the foremost “expert” in this field and wrote the The Decline and Fall of The Roman Empire.