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Technologic Development through the Petroleum Exploration in Portugal

November 2016, Lisboa

RV GeoExplorer (Piston Core)

Bacia do Alentejo, 2012

Alcobaça-1 (Galp/Mohave)

Bacia Lusitânica, 2012

Geo Carribean (Sísmica 3D)

Bacia de Peniche, 2015

Mission of ENMC

Since 2013, ENMC become the central storage entity, responsible for the constitution and maintenance of the emergency reserves of crude oil and petroleum products. ç l

Furthermore, ENMC:

Ensure the fulfilment of international obligations arising from the European Union and the International Energy Agency

Supervise the fuel market, including biofuels

Supervise the petroleum exploration and production activities

The first petroleum/geologic well is drilled in 1904, in the Monte Real region, reaching 58m depth and, until 1912, in Torres Vedras regions, there are records of 4 exploration wells, being the higher depth 722 meters.

Early days

Technologic Development of Exploration in Portugal

1844

1904

The extraction of asphalt is initiated in the Canto do Azeche mine (Alcobaça region), with around 500 tones extracted. Other occurrences of asphalt were subject of other exploitations in the Vila Franca de Xira, Torres Vedras, Marinha Grande and Monte Real regions.

• In 1938, the “alvará de concessão nº 2138 – Petróleo” was attributed for an onshore area of 23.654 Km2, covering the Lusitanian and Algarve Basins.

• During this period, the Anglo Portuguese Oil Company (APOC) and the Companhia dos Petróleos de Portugal (CPP) activities are to be noted, which have carried out, only in the onshore:

o Several geologic and geophysical studies.

o Around 3.264 km of seismic.

o Around 78 exploration wells.

• Other 30 wells are recorded, mostly of shallow depths.

• This concession was declared extinct in 29th of May 1969.

Early days


Torres Vedras - 1 exploration well, drilled in 1939. We can observe the simple equipment at those days.

An example of the first seismic data acquired in the onshore.

Early Days


• At the end of the 60´s, and in part due to the growing industry technologic development, several petroleum companies showed increasing interest in the offshore and in obtaining concession areas. In March of 1969, an invitation was made to the petroleum companies for their presentation of proposals.

• Between April and September of 1969 and for the first time in the offshore, companies have acquired 2D seismic – 13.730 km and aeromagnetic data – 30.455 km, with the objective of concession areas attribution.

Opening to the offshore – defined blocks for presentation of proposals.

Offshore in the 70´s


• With a new legal regime, 30 concession areas were attributed in the offshore, 8 of them reaching the deep offshore (water column over 200 m depth).

• Operators:

o Offshore: Shell, Sun, Esso, Challenger/Chevron & Texaco.

o Onshore: Petrogal & Sceptre. • Exploration wells and seismic acquired:

o Offshore: 22 exploration wells, mainly in the shallow offshore (only 2 deep

offshore wells in the Algarve Basin and below 600 meters of water depth) and 21.237 km of 2D seismic.

o Onshore: 622 km of 2D seismic.

• The first seismic reprocessings were also performed (2.871 km).

Offshore & onshore in the 70´s


Some exploration wells:

• 14A-1 (1975) - 2862 m Production in tests- 290 l of oil;

• Moreia-1 (1974) - 2144 m Production in tests- 525 l of oil;

• Ruivo-1 (1975) - 2249 m, with gas shows.



Moreia-1 exploration well, drilled by SUN in 1974, showing the Industry technologic progress.

Seismic section example, acquired in 1973, with higher resolution.



• Operators:

o Offshore: Esso, Salén, Pecten & Neste.

o Onshore: Petrogal, Sceptre, Eurafrep, Union Texas & Marinex.

• Exploration wells and seismic acquired:

o Offshore: 3 exploration wells & 9.468 km of 2D seismic

To stand out: Lula-1 well (1985) - 4.040 m

Oil & gas shows

o Onshore: 7 exploration wells & 1.748 km of 2D seismic.

To stand out: Benfeito-1 well (1982) - 3.343 m

Oil production in tests - 795 litres

• 4.209 kms of 2D seismic reprocessed.



Benfeito-1 exploration well

Seismic section example acquired in 1981, showing tecnologic evolution.



• Following the emerging technology, as well as the information technologies, the portuguese petroleum activities supervising group started the creation of a geo-referenced Data Base and the technical information/data automated management, treatment and development, which continues.

• A contract with TGS-Nopec (TGS) for offshore 2D multicliente seismic acquisition was signed, with some lines already acquired in 1999.

• Operators:

o Offshore: Neste, Taurus & Mohave.

o Onshore: Marinex, C.Dodge &

Heritage/Mohave.



• Exploration wells and seismic acquired:

o Offshore: 2 exploration wells & 356 km of 2D seismic.

o Onshore: 8 exploration wells & 224 km of 2D seismic.

• Wells stand out:

o Aljubarrota-2 (1998) - 3343 m

Gas in production testing – máx. of 10.000 m3/day

o Fracares-1(1999) - 313 m

Oil & gas shows.

• 5.240 kms of 2D seismic reprocessed.

Fracares-1 (1999)



Fracares-1 (1999)

Aljubarrota - 2 exploration well (MOHAVE, 1999) 1992 acquired seismic section example.



• With the largest 2D seismic acquisition in Portugal by TGS-Nopec (23.000 km), the first regional data for the deep offshore was obtained.

• This new data attracted the Industry, meanwhile better prepared for this new exploration frontier.

• Other geophysical acquisitions were performed, standing out the first 3D seismic acquisitions in Portugal, initially in the onshore and after in the deep offshore, to witness the continous tecnological development:

o 2D offshore seismic: Mohave (760 km)

o 2D deep offshore seismic: Petrobras/Galp/Partex (8.615 km) & Hardman/Galp/Partex (3.307 km)

o 3D onshore seismic: Mohave (280 km2)

o 3D deep offshore seismic: Petrobras/Galp/Partex (2.096 km2)

Offshore & onshore in 2000 - 2010


• In 2005, 2 concession areas were adjudicated in the Algarve Basin deep offshore.

• In 2007, 7 concession areas were attributed in the deep offshore and 5 concession areas in the onshore/shallow offshore (Alentejo, Peniche & Lusitanian Basins).

• Main Operators :

o Offshore: Mohave, Taurus (shallow),

Repsol, Hardman & Petrobras (deep).

o Onshore: Mohave.



Seismic section acquired and processed in 2002, showing the technological capacity in comparision with the past seismic data.



• REPSOL*/KOSMOS/GALP/PARTEX(1): 4 Concessions deep offshore

• ENI*/GALP(2): 3 Concessions deep offshore

• REPSOL*/PARTEX(3): 4 Concessions deep offshore

• PORTFUEL*: 2 Concessions onshore

• AUSTRALIS*: 2 Concessions onshore

Current Situation – Concession areas

* Operators

(1) Initially held by PETROBRAS/GALP/PARTEX; later REPSOL/GALP/PARTEX;

(2) Initially held by PETROBRAS/GALP; later GALP;

(3) Initially held by REPSOL/RWE.



Geophysical Acquisition and Wells (1939-2016)

175 Wells (only 81 deeper than 500 m)

• 117 with oil and/or gas shows

• 27 of these with production tests

72.600 km of 2D Seismic

• Onshore: 5.856 km

• Offshore: 67.009 km

7.072 km2 of 3D Seismic

• Onshore: 580 km2

• Offshore: 6.552 km2

26.086 km of Aeromagnetics

Piston Core Survey

• in Peniche and Alentejo basins (57 samples)



In these last years, the Industry continuous technological development has allowed to proceed with the petroleum evaluation and study of new areas – the so called “frontier areas”, namely the Portuguese deep offshore.

Geophysical acquisition seismic vessel (2015 3D seismic acquisition)



The growing Industry technological capacity to explore deeper waters and harder environments, impractical in the past, and to explore new geologic targets or to enhance older reservoirs, has contributed for the “Petroleum” sustainability and the maintenance of our way of life.

2D seismic acquisiton in Aljubarrota area (2010), with the use of late tecnhology and vibrator trucks.



This scientific and technological development is not only verified at the processes, methods, equipment and materials level but also at the growing level of security, health and environment.

More and more, the investigation is developed towards assuring more friendly environmental and safety methods/equipment.

Soundproofed protection at Aljubarrota exploration well and the use of latest technology.



Seismic section acquired in 2002 and reprocessed in 2016, showing the growing reprocessing capability.

The seismic reprocessing tools and methods are also a proof of technologic development and contributes to a better petroleum potential evaluation of the sedimentary basins.



Multi-vessel coil shooting acquisition Multi-vessel coil shooting acquisition Convencional acquisition

An example of technological evolution on acquiring geophysical data (4 seismic vessels).

Seismic acquisition new methods, also as an example, has been very important to improve the quality of the field acquired data, before reprocessing.

Technologic Development example

Conclusion

The onshore, shallow and deep offshore sedimentary Basins,

Bacia do Porto: +/- 4.000 km2

Bacia da Galiza *: + 6.000 km2

Bacia Lusitânica: +/- 26.000 km2

Bacia de Peniche: + 22.000 km2

Bacia do Alentejo: + 13.000 km2

Bacia de Sagres: + 20.000 km2

Bacia do Algarve: +/- 12.000 km2

Bacia de Cadiz *: + 10.000 km2

with an area over 100.000 km2 and only 175 exploration wells

drilled (mainly in the Lusitanian Basin), are still underexplored.


• Activity increase, mainly in the deep offshore;

• 3D/4D seismic acquisition and exploration wells;

• Increasing knowledge of the sedimentar basins petroleum

potential;

• Continuous studies, integrating new data and the ones existing,

taking advantage of new basin modelling capabilities;

• International Petroleum Potential promotion increase.

With the continuous development of new technologies and if the Industry interest remains in the petroleum exploration in Portugal, mainly in the deep offshore, some perspectives for the petroleum activities are foreseen, namely:

Perspectives of Exploration in Portugal

Conclusion

With the growing technologic development associated with the exploration activities and the ones foreseen, the economic discovery(ies) probability increases….

Exploration well Touro-1/1Z (TAURUS, 1994)

Perspectives of Exploration in Portugal

Conclusion

1

Thank you!

Sondagem de pesquisa Touro-1/1Z (TAURUS, 1994)

José Miguel Martins

Email: [email protected]

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