+ All Categories
Home > Documents > Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between...

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between...

Date post: 26-Mar-2015
Category:
Upload: kyle-sinclair
View: 220 times
Download: 0 times
Share this document with a friend
Popular Tags:
17
Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre (JRC) Zdenka Palajova A.8 Nuclear Safety and Security Coordination Unit [email protected]
Transcript
Page 1: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security

DG Joint Research Centre (JRC)

Zdenka PalajovaA.8 Nuclear Safety and Security Coordination [email protected]

Page 2: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Content

• Mission of the JRC

• Structure of the JRC

• JRC activities

• Nuclear activities at the JRC

• Synergies between Safety and Security

• Generation IV nuclear energy systems

• Emergency preparedness

• Measurement systems and particle analysis techniques

Page 3: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Mission of the JRC

… is to provide customer-driven scientific and technical support for the conception, development, implementation and monitoring of EU policies.

As a service of the European Commission, the JRC functions as a reference centre of science and technology for the Union.

Close to the policy-making process, it servesthe common interest of the Member States,while being independent of special interests,whether private or national.

Page 4: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Structure of the JRCIET – Petten Netherlands- Institute for Energy and Transport

IRMM - Geel Belgium- Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements

ITU - Karlsruhe Germany and Ispra Italy- Institute for Transuranium elements

IPSC - IES - IHCP - Ispra Italy - Institute for the Protection and Security of the Citizen- Institute for Environment and Sustainability - Institute for Health and Consumer Protection

IPTS - Seville Spain- Institute for Prospective Technological Studies

ttt

Staff: 3000 (about 25% nuclear)

Page 5: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

JRC activities

• Helping to fix pollution emission standards• Harmonising measurements of GMOs• Validating new methods alternative to

animal testing• Preventing nuclear trafficking• Developing safe, secure and ecofriendly

building standards• Improving testing for safer food and feed• Testing the safety of nano-materials• Responding to crises and natural disasters• Ensuring the safety and security of the

nuclear fuel cycle • Providing econometric indicators• Monitoring business R&D spending• Supporting enlargement

Page 6: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Nuclear activities at the JRCThe nuclear activities of the JRC aim at reflecting the R&D obligations of the Euratom Treaty and supporting both Commission and Member States in the fields of:

• safeguards and non-proliferation• safety of nuclear installations • safety of fuel cycle • radioactivity in the environment• waste management• radiation protection

The JRC has a role as a European reference for dissemination of information, training and education

http://www.jrc.ec.europa.eu

Page 7: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Nuclear Safety: The achievement of proper operating conditions, prevention of accidents or mitigation of accident consequences, resulting in protection of workers, the public and the environment from undue radiation hazards.

Nuclear Security: The prevention and detection of, and response to, theft, sabotage, unauthorized access, illegal transfer or other malicious acts involving nuclear material, other radioactive substances or their associated facilities.

Synergies between Safety and Security at technical level:- Technologies and design architecture (GIF)- Emergency preparedness - Measurement systems and particle analysis

Synergies between Safety and Security

Page 8: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

New Design Concepts - GIF- Collaborative efforts to develop next generation of nuclear energy systems (NES)- Advanced and new reactor systems (2030 and beyond)- JRC coordinates EURATOM contribution to GIF

4 Goal areas for Generation IV NES:- Proliferation Resistance and Physical Protection (PR&PP)- Safety and Reliability- Sustainability- Economics

Proliferation Resistance is that characteristic of an NES that impedes the diversion or undeclared production of nuclear material or misuse of technology by the Host State seeking to acquire nuclear weapons or other nuclear explosive devices.

Physical Protection (robustness) is that characteristic of an NES that impedes the theft of materials suitable for nuclear explosives or radiation dispersal devices (RDDs) and the sabotage of facilities and transportation by sub-national entities and other non-Host State adversaries.

New Design Concepts-GIF

Page 9: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Safety and Reliability -1Generation IV nuclear energy systems operations will excel in safety and reliability.

Safety and Reliability -2Generation IV nuclear energy systems will have a very low likelihood and degree of reactor core damage.

Safety and Reliability -3Generation IV nuclear energy systems will eliminate the need for offsite emergency response.

PR&PPGeneration IV nuclear energy systems will increase the assurance that they are a very unattractive and the least desirable route for diversion or theft of weapons-usable materials, and provide increased physical protection against acts of terrorism.

GIF technology goals

New Design Concepts-GIF

Page 10: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Coupling between PR&PP and safety goals:-Passive systems and structures -Protection of nuclear material-Human performance programs

Potential conflicts:-Emergency response (multiple access)-Dissemination of knowledge on protection system operation

Need for integrated consideration of safety, reliability, PR and PP

PR&PP and safety evaluation methodologies share a common paradigm.

PR&PP evaluation approach: THREATS SYSTEM RESPONSE OUTCOMES

The safety and reliability assessment paradigm can be defined in a similar way: ACCIDENT SYSTEM INITIATORS RESPONSE CONSEQUENCES

New Design Concepts-GIF

Page 11: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Technical implementation of the Council Decision 87/600/Euratom on early notification and exchange of information in event of a radiological or nuclear emergency

MS promptly notify the EC and all the MS potentially affected when they intend to take counter measures in order to protect their population against the effects of a radiological or nuclear accident

ECURIE agreement - EU27 + HR and CH

Data-formats of WebECURIE and ENATOM (IAEA's notification system) harmonized and automatic exchange of relevant notifications

WebECURIE European Community Urgent Radiological Information Exchange

Information exchange for emergency purposes

Page 12: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

-Internationally recognized standard format for radiological data

-Network (33 European countries with > 4400 stations participating)

-Daily and hourly transmissions/ routine and emergency operation

-Currently mostly γ-dose rates-Web-site to view and download data

-IAEA is implementing the EURDEP for its purposes at world-wide level (IRMIS)

http://eurdep.jrc.ec.europa.eu

EURDEPEuropean Radiological Data Exchange Platform

Information exchange for emergency purposes

Page 13: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

JRC activities in data and information exchange for emergency purposes

WebECURIE, EURDEP- exchange of information to facilitate decision making process- originally designed and developed for major accidents- also for smaller scale events (accidental or malevolent) – depends on sensitivity of the device, sampling density

Atmospheric dispersion modelling tools JRC project for EU CBRN Action Plan -assessment and validation of existing modelling tools that are or can be used in decision support systems following RN incidents

Synergies between Safety and Security

Page 14: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Measurement systems

ITRAP+10 (Illicit Trafficking Radiation Assessment Program+10)- JRC, US Department of Homeland Security (DHS –DNDO), IAEA- evaluation of available radiation detection equipment relevant to nuclear security - 8 different families of equipment tested (RPM, SRPM, PRD, SPRD, RID, GSD, NSD, PRS) – approx. 100 instruments in total- reference for regulatory and other MS authorities

Radiation Portal Monitors – for trucks, containers, wagons- operated by EU Customs in mega ports- security (to prevent import of radioactive material by terrorist) - safety (to detect contaminated containers from Japan after Fukushima event)

Synergies between Safety and Security

Page 15: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Particle analysis techniques

Dounreay particles – radioactive particles about 1 mm in size - Al/U matrix fuel + K, Ca, Fe, Mg, Nd, Si, P, S, Cl (EDX)- Isotopic composition of U, Pu- Particles discharged 40-50 years ago SEM picture of the U/Al particle

Synergies between Safety and Security

All particles

0,0

0,1

0,2

0,3

0,4

0,5

0,6

80 85 90 95 100

235 atom %

236 a

tom

%

All particlesContaminated material- 2011 scrap metal contaminated with enriched U (the Netherlands)- SIMS of powdered material – mixture of particles of LEU and HEU (up to 96 mass%) (used e.g. TOPAZ) + 2 Russian fission chambers - results communicated to MS authority and IAEA

236U vs. 235U isotope abundances in single particles

Page 16: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Conclusions

EU – highest standards of safety and security for peaceful use of nuclear energy•

JRC – R&D Euratom Program – safety, security, safeguards, and non-proliferation

Technical synergies between safety and security- Generation IV nuclear energy systems- Emergency preparedness- Measurement systems and particle analysis techniques

Synergies between Safety and Security

Page 17: Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston Synergies between Nuclear Safety and Security DG Joint Research Centre.

Ensuring Safety, Security and Safeguards in Nuclear Power 12 June 2013, Preston

Thank you for your attention!


Recommended