ENCOUNTERING THE NT THE MINISTRY OF JESUS IN CONTEXT Heb. malkûṯ yhwh; Aram. malkûṯā˒; Gk. basileía toú theoú, ‘THE KINGDOM OF GOD’ QUEST FOR THE HISTORICAL JESUS Criteria of Authenticity Criterion of Multiple Attestation in Sources • 13x Mark • 13x Q • 25x M • 6x L • 2x John Criterion of Multiple Forms • Parables • Prayers • Beatitudes • Eschatological Prophecies MATTHEW KOH 32X, KOG 4X 23 And Jesus said to his disciples, “Truly, I say to you, only with difficulty will a rich person enter the kingdom of heaven. 24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of God.” 19:23-25
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ENCOUNTERING THE NTTHE MINISTRY OF JESUS IN CONTEXT
Criterion of Multiple Attestation in Sources • 13x Mark • 13x Q • 25x M • 6x L • 2x John
Criterion of Multiple Forms • Parables • Prayers • Beatitudes • Eschatological
Prophecies
MATTHEW KOH 32X, KOG 4X
23 And Jesus said to his disciples, “Truly, I say to you, only with difficulty will a rich person enter the kingdom of
heaven. 24 Again I tell you, it is easier for a camel to go through
the eye of a needle than for a rich person to enter the kingdom of
God.” 19:23-25
CRITERION OF DISSIMILARITY Mark 1:14-15
Now after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God, 15 and saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the
kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the gospel.”
Matthew 4:3 From that time Jesus began to preach,
saying, “Repent, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand.”
39 And he went throughout all Galilee, preaching in their synagogues and casting
out demons.
Matthew 4:23 (ESV)23 And he went throughout all Galilee,
teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom and healing every disease and every affliction
among the people.
Mark 6:6 (ESV) And he marveled because of their unbelief.
And he went about among the villages teaching.
Matthew 9:35 (ESV)35 And Jesus went throughout all the cities and villages, teaching in their synagogues and proclaiming the gospel of the kingdom
and healing every disease and every affliction.
CENTRALITY OF KOG TO SYNOPTICS
Mark 6:7,12 (ESV)And he called the twelve and
began to send them out two by two, and gave them authority
over the unclean spirits....12 So they went out and proclaimed
that people should repent. 13 And they cast out many
demons and anointed with oil many who were sick and healed
them.
Luke 9:1–2 (ESV)1 And he called the twelve together and
gave them power and authority over all
demons and to cure diseases, 2 and he sent
them out to proclaim the kingdom of God and
to heal.
Matthew 10:7–11 (ESV)7 And proclaim as you go, saying, ‘The kingdom of
heaven is at hand.’ 8 Heal the sick, raise the dead, cleanse lepers, cast out
demons.
Luke 10:1–11 (ESV) 1 After this the Lord appointed seventy-two others and sent them on ahead of him, two by two, into every town and place where he himself was about to go..... 9 Heal the sick in it and say to them, ‘The kingdom of God has come near to you.’ 10 But whenever
you enter a town and they do not receive you, go into its streets and say, 11 ‘Even the dust of your town that clings to our feet we wipe off against you. Nevertheless know
this, that the kingdom of God has come near.’
DISCIPLES AND KOG WHAT IS THE KINGDOM OF GOD? Mark 1:14-15
Now after John was arrested, Jesus came into Galilee, proclaiming the gospel of God, 15 and
saying, “The time is fulfilled, and the kingdom of God is at hand; repent and believe in the
