REPORTED SPEECH / INDIRECT SPEECH –

netiesioginė kalba

He says, “I like tea”.He says (that) he likes tea.BUTHe said, “I like tea”.He said (that) he liked tea.Viename sakinyje negalima naudoti skirtingų laikų!

He said, “Cats drink milk.”He said (that) cats drink (drank) milk.

Galima nekeisti veiksmažodžio laiko, kai kalbama apie pastovią tiesą.

Present Simple → Past Simplelive → lived

Present Continuous → Past Continuous

am/is/are living → was/were living

Present Perfect Simple → Past Perfect Simple

have/has lived → had lived

Present Perfect Continuous → Past Perfect Continuous

have/has been living → had been living

Past Simple → Past Perfect Simplelived → had livedPast Continuous → Past Perfect

Continuouswas/were living → had been livingPast Perfect Simple ir Past Perfect

Continuous nesikeičia į nieką...

Conditionals 2, 3 tipas nesikeičia...Will → wouldMay → mightCan → could/would be able to (future)Shall → shouldMust → had to (bet jei “must” reiškia

logišką išvadą)Needn’t → needn’t/didn’t need to/didn’t

have to

this →thattoday →that dayyesterday →the day beforethe day before yesterday →two days beforetomorrow →the next day/the following daythe day after tomorrow →in two days’ timenext week/year, etc. →the following week/yearlast week/year, etc. →the previous week/yeara year ago, etc. → a year before/the previous

yearnow →at that time/thenhere →there

Expressions:SAY:Hello; good morning, afternoon, evening;

something/nothing; one’s prayers (melstis); a few words; no more; so, etc.

TELL:The truth; a lie; a story; the time; the

difference; somebody one’s name; somebody the way; one’s fortune (ateitį); one from another (atskirti vieną nuo kito), etc.

Tom said, “I need some help.”Say (said) – kai nesakome KAMArba Tom said to me, “I need some

help.”

Tom told me, “I need some help.”Tell (told) – kai sakome KAM

Klausimai sudaromi pagal tą pačią taisyklę, tik yra 2 skirtumai:

1) Jei klausimas buvo sudarytas žodžius sukeičiant vietom, jie dabar grįžta į savo vietą,

e. g. “Have you got a sister?”, he said.He asked IF / WHETHER I had got a sister.

Kai reikia žodžio AR, naudojame IF arba WHETHER.

2) Jei klausimas sudarytas su do/does/did, šie žodžiai dingsta, o vietoj jų atsiranda IF / WHETHER – AR

e. g. “Do you like tea?”, he said. He asked IF I liked tea.

“Did you like tea?”, he said. He asked IF I had liked tea.

Klausiamieji žodžiai:Ask, enquire (pasiteirauti), wonder, want to

know

e. g. “Open the door, please” said he. He asked to open the door. “Don’t shout, Tim” warned she. She warned not to shout.

Indirect question:POLITE QUESTIONS

Do you know where the train station is?I’d like to know when the flight to Tokyo is.

“Open the door, please” said Tim.Tim asked to open the door.“Let’s go outside” said he.He suggested going outside.

“Don’t shout, Ted” he said.He told Ted not to shout.

Promise + to/promise that (e. g. I promised to go; I promised that I would go.)

Refuse + to (e. g. I refused to go.)Advise/ask + sb + to (e. g. He advised me

to take an aspirin.)Apologize for + ing (e. g. I apologized for

lying.)Suggest + ing (e .g. I suggested going for a

picnic.)