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Enter the Dragon: A look Inside China's Steel Industry

by Kevin Frayer

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By far the world's largest steel producer, China plans to eliminate 100-150 million tons of annual production – more than the

US produces per year – over the next five years. The Chinese government is trying to shrink bloated industries including steel,

coal, cement, aluminium and solar panel manufacturing in which supplies exceed demand.

Award-winning Getty Images photographer Kevin Frayer visited the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation in

Changzhou, Jiangsu province. He told IBTimes UK: "The steel company I visited is privately-owned, profitable and quite

modern; it seems to work like a Western steel company. Most of what they produce is sold in China but around 20% is for

export.“

China said it will persist with controversial tax rebates to steel exporters to support the sector's painful restructuring, defying

a US move to impose punitive import duties on Chinese steel products. The US has announced duties of 522% on cold-rolled

steel used in automobiles, appliances and in construction.

China's minister of human resources has announced plans to eliminate 1.8 million jobs in coal and steel. Beijing announced a

100 billion yuan (£10.2bn, $15bn) fund to help laid-off workers find jobs.

-- IBT

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到目前為止，中國是世界上最大的鋼鐵生產國，在未來五年中國計劃以減少 100-150 萬噸的年產量，這已超過美國的年生產量。中國政府正在努力壓縮供應超過需求膨脹的行業，包括鋼鐵，煤炭，水泥，鋁和太陽能電池板的生產。中國的人力資源的部長已宣布，計劃減少在煤炭和鋼鐵 180 萬個工作職位。北京宣布 100 十億人民幣（ 102 億 £ ， $ 150 億美元）的基金，以幫助下崗職工找到工作。

根據世界鋼鐵協會（ World Steel Association ，簡稱 WSA ）的數據，中國供應了全球 50% 的鋼鐵，產量遠遠大於任何單一國家。中國粗鋼出口量在 2015 年更首次超過 1 億噸，低價鋼鐵也引來全球性的「鋼鐵寒冬」

美國商務部 5 月 17 日表示，中國製造出口的冷軋扁鋼（ cold-rolled flat steel ）對美國市場已經構成傾銷，對該項產品課徵的關稅將提高 522% 。這意味著中國出口到美國的特定鋼材價格將提高 5 倍。

中天鋼鐵集團公司是一家私人擁有的製造商，其在中國東部的江蘇省工廠僱用超過 13,000 名員工。 2001 年以來，這位“鋼鐵巨龍”說，他們採用了新的技術來簡化生產優質的鋼材，以減少對環境的影響。其大部分鋼鐵產品是銷售在中國市場， 20 ％用於出口，主要銷往亞洲。

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A worker takes samples of molten iron from a furnace.熔爐中取熔鐵樣本

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A worker takes samples of molten iron from a furnace. 熔爐中取熔鐵樣本

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A worker takes samples of molten iron from a furnace. 熔爐中取熔鐵樣本

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A worker supervises the production of molten iron at a furnace 監督熔鐵的生產

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A worker supervises a furnace of molten.

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A worker watches as molten iron flows out of a furnace. . 監看熔鐵

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Workers move molten iron at a furnace 攪動熔鐵

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Sparks fly as molten metal flows out of a furnace 火花四濺

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Workers sit at terminals in the furnace control room. 熔爐控制室

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A worker wears dark lenses to protect his eyes from the bright light in the furnace control room. 戴深色鏡片，以保護眼睛

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A worker wears protective lenses in the furnace control room. 戴著防護鏡片在爐控制室

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A worker stands near a furnace used for molten iron. 靠近熔爐的工人

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A worker stands next to a large vat of molten iron

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Workers supervise production from a control room near a furnace. 控制室監控熔鐵

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Red hot steel bars are seen on the production line. 紅而熱的鋼筋

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A workers supervises the production of rolled steel. 監督生產的鋼材

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Cooling rolled steel comes off the production line. 冷卻軋鋼輸送出生產線

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A steel bar is cooled on the production line. 冷卻

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A workers welds the ends of hot rolled steel on the line. 焊接熱軋鋼

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A worker welds steel bars for export in the production area of Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel. 焊接鋼條

25Workers inspect steel bars for quality in the production area . 檢查鋼條的品質

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A worker carries steel wire on the production line. 鋼線生產線

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A worker supervises the production of steel bars

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Workers operate on the production line . 生產線上

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A worker walks up a tower overlooking part of the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation

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A worker lines up for lunch. 排隊吃午餐

31A worker lines up for lunch. 吃午餐

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A worker prepares to change in the locker room after his shift. 輪班後在更衣室換裝

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Workers take a smoke break at the end of their shift.

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A worker rides his bicycle at the end of his shift. 下班了

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Steel bars are seen piled up at the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation. 堆積的鋼條

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A truck carries steel wire to be used in the manufacturing of tyres.卡車運載製造輪胎所用的鋼線

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Ore to be used in the manufacturing of steel is seen on barges in the Beijing-Hangzhou Canal at the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation. 在京杭大運河駁船上的鐵礦

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A barge carries steel cable from the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation on the Bejing-Hongzhou Canal. 京杭大運河上的鋼線駁船

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An overview of the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation in Changzhou, Jiangsu province. 江蘇省常州中天鋼鐵集團公司

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Steam pours out of a stack in the production area of the Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel Group Corporation.蒸汽中層層的廠區

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Workers ride past a sign saying “Zhong Tian Steel, Like the Sun at Noon” on their way to work at Zhong Tian (Zenith) Steel.

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The abandoned Qingquan Steel plant in Tangshan, which closed in 2014, becoming one of China‘s so-called ’zombie factories‘ 被遺棄的清泉鋼鐵廠在唐山，在 2014年關閉，成為中國的所謂“殭屍工廠”

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A smoke stack is seen through a broken window of a building in the abandoned Qingquan Steel plant. 透過破窗看被遺棄的清泉鋼鐵廠

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Workers‘ lockers are seen in the abandoned Qingquan Steel plant in Tangshan, which closed in 2014. 被遺棄的清泉鋼鐵廠的工人儲物櫃

45May 26, 2016 王文堯 Kaohsiung Taiwan R.O.C All photos were taken from The Inational,IBT,Internet…ect . Music : Hans Zimmer - Epilogue Main Theme-Crysis 2 THE END