SCIENCE VOL. 102, NO. 2647 FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1945 SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00 The Bausch & Lomb LC Polarizing Micro- scope is a precision optical instrument adapted to advanced research in mineralogy and geology. Incorporated in it are all the features that fit it to the more exacting needs in these fields, including vernier equipped ball-bearing stage reading to 3 minutes in both directions. Bausch & Lomb Optical Co., Rochester 2, N. Y. Published woeekly by the American Association fo r the Advancement of Science at Lancaster, Pa. Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1988 at the Post Offce at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.
Transcript
SCIENCEVOL. 102, NO. 2647 FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1945 SUBSCRIPTION, $6.00
The Bausch & Lomb LC Polarizing Micro-scope is a precision optical instrumentadapted to advanced research in mineralogyand geology. Incorporated in it are all thefeatures that fit it to the more exacting needsin these fields, including vernier equippedball-bearing stage reading to 3 minutes inboth directions. Bausch & Lomb OpticalCo., Rochester 2, N. Y.
Published woeekly by the American Association fo r the Advancement of Science at Lancaster, Pa.Entered as second-class matter July 18, 1988 at the Post Offce at Lancaster, Pa., under the Act of March 3, 1879.
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 102, No. 2647
BARGAINS in WAR SURPLUS LENSES & PRISMSALL ITEMS FINELY GROUND and polished but edges slightlychipped or other slight imperfections which we guarantee will notinterfere with their use. Come neatly packed and marked.YOU CAN EASILY MAKE Telescopes, Magnifiers, Photographic Gad-gets and Hundreds of Experiments with these Low Cost Lenses. TOTRANSLATE millimeter measurements; 25.4 mm. equals one inch.
TANK PRISMS
In order that the tank driver shall not get shot in the face,2 of these Silvered Prisms are used to make a Periscope.We have secured a number of these that are very slightlychipped, making possible their sale at a very low price.They are 945-45 degree Prisms of huge size-53/&" long,2%` wide, finely ground and polished. Used to build aPeriscope ... excellent also for experiments, classroom dem-onstrations. Some of our Ingenious customers have usedthese prisms to make camera stereo attachment, range finder,etc. Prism easily converted into desk name plate by affix-ing gold letters. 100 supplied at only 10¢. (Order Stock#3008-W). Normally these Prisms would retail from $24to $30 each.
SILVERED TANK PRISMStock #3004-W ... ........ $2.00 each Postpaid
(Illustrated Booklet on Prisms Included FREE)FOUR SILVERED TANK PRISMS SPECIAL $7.00 PostpaidThis Is the most sensational bargain we have ever been ableto offer.TO SEE THE COLORS OF THE SPECTRIUM, you caneasily remove the silvering from this prism and hold insun's rays. White incident light which passes through is
broken up into a band of primary colors, the spectrum-abeautiful sight!
12-POWER COLOR CORRECTED MAGNIFIER SETConsists of two 15 mm. diam. magnesium fluoride low reflec-tion coated Achromatic Lenses and section of metal tubingfor mount.Stock #1029-W ........... $1.50 Postpaid
WAR SURPLUS ACHROMATIC LENSESStock Dia. F.L.No. in mms. in mms. Comments
$1.00ASTERISKED ITEMS may be requested with new low re-flection Magnesium fluoride coating at 10¢ extra.8 MM Movie Projecting Lens Set-Consists of 2 AchromaticLenses, diam. 15 mm. and a F.L. when combined of approx.one inch. Each lens has the new magnesium fluoride low re-flection coating.Stock #4011-W .... .............. $1.40 Postpaid
RAW OPTICAL GLASSAn exceptional opportunity to secure a large variety ofoptical pieces, both Crown and Flint glass (seconds) in vary-ing stages of processing. Many prism blanks.Stock #703-W ...... 8 Ibs. (minimum weight) $5.00 PostpaidStock #702-W lYz lbs ................. $1.00 Postpaid
PORRO PRISM SET FROM ARMY'S6 POWER BINOCULAR
Consists of 2 Porro Prisms to make an erecting system fora Telescope.Stock #3010-W ................................ $1.00 Postpaid
Lens Surface PrismAmici Roof Prism (3rd grade)Heat Absorbing Glass 4" x 5"Heat Absorbing Glass 2" x 2"40 mm. Neg. Lens, Cross LinesRight Angle Prism, 48 mm. wide (3rdgrade)
Six Threaded Metal Reticle CellsFirst Surface Aluminized Mirror,Diam. 11/4"
Neutral Ray Filter size 4%3 x 21/2"Round Wedge 65 mm. diam.Roof Prism-80 deg., face 1%" wideInclinometer-Aircraft typeLens Cleaning Tissue, one ream (480
sheets), size 7%" x 11"Educational Set. 1 blank and 1finished Porro Prism (3rd grade)
50 Power Microscope Lens Set8 Power Mounted Magnifier2" Diam. Reducing LensPerfect 6 Power Magnifier-Diam.28 mm.
Standard Crossline Reticle-Diam.29 mm.
Burning Glass Lens(Minimum order-$1.00)
Price$0.25 each
.75 each
.252.00 each.25 each.35 each.10 each.25 each
.35 each
.25
.25 each
.255.00 each4.00 each.25 each
1.50
.25 set
.70
.35 each
.25 each
.25 each
.50 each
.25 each
KELLNER EYE PIECE LENS-Focal Length 1y4 inches.Diam. of eye lens 16 mm. Diam. of field lens 25 mm. Comesunmounted but eye achromat already cemented.Stock #6108-W ............................... $1.00 PostpaidPOLAROID-(Dyed) Suitable for Experimentation. Con-sists 2 discs-2y2" diam. Some imperfections in glass.Stock #622-W ................................. $1.00 Postpaid
CLEANING BRUSH SETFor Lenses, Optical Instruments, etc. Perfect quality, 12"flexible plastic handle, hollow circular construction. Rangefrom stiff to very soft. 4 brushes to set.Stock #504-W (Reg. $6.00 value) .......................$ 1.00
MAGNIFIER SET . . . 5 Magnifying Lenses . . . Powersfrom 1 to 10. Various diam. for many uses. Free Bookleton Home-made magnifiers included.Stock #1026-W .$2.00 PostpaidRETICLE SET ... Five assorted, finely engraved Reticlesfrom U. S. Gunsights. An unusual group ... just like thoseassisting our gunners to train sights on Tokyo. Worthseveral dollars each.Stock #2035-W ................................ $1.00 Postpaid
1 TANK PERISCOPEComplete Set Mounted Components
Rugged, strong, originally constructed for U. S. Tank Corps.Consists of 2 fine Periscope Mirrors mounted in metal andplastic. Only plywood body frame Is required to finish thisexceptional Periscope. First surface mirror is well pro-tected by glass windows. Set weighs 2% lbs. Overalllength of mount 6%", width 2%". Would normally retailat $40 to $50.Stock #700-W .................. $3.00 Complete Set PostpaidTWO SETS (4 UNITS) .......S..... PECIAL $5.50 Postpaid
ORDER BY SET OR STOCK NO. * SATISFACTION GUARANTEED
EDMUND SALVAGE COMPANY - P. O. AUDUBON, NEW JERSEY
2
SEPTEMBER 21, 1945 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTA3 3
ON SALE AT YOUR BOOKSTORE NOW
The official narrative
(the "Smyth Report")
ATOMIC
I!!NERGYFOR MILITARY PURPOSES
A GENERAL ACCOUNT OF ITS DEVELOPMENT
UNDER THE AUSPICES OF THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT, 1940-1945
By Henry DeWolf SmythChairman, Department of Physics,
T 1HE FULL TEXT of the officiall report to the nation" made
by Dr. Smyth at the direction ofMaj. Gen. L. R. Groves, in chargeof the Atomic Bomb project.This 280-page book contains allof the information released todate, and is the only official basisfor all of the newspaper andmagazine articles that have ap-peared.
Starting with a quick survey ofdevelopments in nuclear physics
from 1896 to 1940, it tells the in-credible story of scientific researchand technical development thatwent into the making of atomicbombs.An historic document that
makes fascinating reading foranyone with even elementaryscientific knowledge.About 280 pages, 8 drawings,
A universal Electro-Titrator using a highly stable and sensitive voltmetercircuit designed by Dr. R. L. Garman and Dr. M. E. Droz for determinations ofend-points in electrometric neutralization titrations (including pH determina-tions), oxidation-reduction titrations, and precipitation titrations.
Some of its outstanding advantages are:1. Variable sensitivity up to a maximum of 40 millivolts
per inch of needle deflection.2. Battery operated, uses as little as 0.25 watts; fluctua-
tions in the power supply are completely eliminated.3. Direct, reading meter with 3*" linear scale permits
continuous readings of voltage changes.4. Compact, sturdy design.
Immediate DeliveryUsed for control work and research work in leading laboratories throughout thecountry.
E. LEITZ, Inc., 730 Fifth Ave., New York 19, N. Y.Please send us ELECTRO-TITRATOR pamphlet No. 1283 (Dept. SPrF)
..... . . . . ..........................
A ddress . ......... ..... ........................................................................ ........................... . .............................................
City .............. ......................................................
Instruments designed and pro.duced by Farrand for the Army,Navy and Air Forces, help pro-
vide the eye, the aim and thecontrol of devastating gunfire byships and planes.
Scientific instruments developed for mili-tary purposes have stimulated technologi-cal advances in instrumentation which are
now being translated by FARRAND intothe "new tools" for Science and Industry.
The facilities of the Farrand OpticalCompany for engineering, design andmanufacture have been devoted to the pro-
duction of Gun Fire Control Instruments... Periscopes . .. Rangefinders and other
optical, electronic and scientific instru.ments for war.
Now these facilities are turned to peace-
ful pursuits ... production of new scien-tific instruments. .. that will open new
horizons for the intricate processes of Re-search ... Control ... and Analysis in scien-tific and industrial laboratories.
May we list your name and keep you
informed?
FARRANDMonochromator-SpectrometerA significant forecast of Farrand peace-
time activity is the ultra-violet Mono-
chromator-Spectrometer . a new in-strument designed to broaden researchin ultra-violet work.
FARRAND OPTICAL CO., INC.(Kf ;Keers, be stis0teas and lan a/acteter,
PRECISION OPTICS, ELECTRONIC AND SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS
BRONX BLVD. AND EAST 238TH STREET, NEW YORK 66, N. Y.
5
6 SCiENCE-ADVERTISEMENTSVOL. 102, No. 2647
STEIGER-SIMPSON SLIT LAMPfor KAHN and other TEST TUBE SERODIAGNOSTIC TESTS
REF: "A Simple Viewing Device forReading Test Tube Precipitation Tests,"Howard P. Steiger, M.D., and John F.Simpson, Charlotte, N. C. (Article soon
to be published)
STEIGER-SIMPSON Slit Lamp withstandard Kahn rack in position
The Steiger-Simpson Slit Lamp was designed to provide a constant source of illuminationnot dependent on external conditions. The apparatus was primarily intended for Kahntests, but is equally applicable to all other test tube serodiagnostic tests. The features ofthis apparatus are . . .
* It provides a constant source of even illumination* Since the entire rack of tubes can be placed on the shelf of the lamp,
all of the tubes can be read without removing them from the rack* The widthof the slit and the height of the shelf can be adjusted sothat many different types of tests can be read on the same lamp
* The lamp housing can be tilted to give a convenient angle for reading
For best results the tubes are read with a magnifying lens. This offers the advantages ofan enlarged view of the tubes and concentrating the technician's attention onto the par-ticular tube being read.
The Lamp is metal construction throughout, black crackle finish. The Lamp housing ismounted on a base with two triangular uprights, attached with two knurled knobs whichare for adjustment of the viewing angle. The source of illumination is a 14" daylightfluorescent bulb (for AC only) readily accessible for changing. The shelf on which thetest tube rack is placed can be adjusted up and down by releasing the two thumb screwsat the bottom. The slit is adjustable to an opening up to '/4' by releasing the four screws,two left and two right. The base of the Lamp is 15½/" wide and 6" deep. The housingis 151/4'" wide, the front portion is 5" high and 4" deep. The adjustable shelf is 3" deep.Electrical wiring (8 feet) has on and off switch. Shipping weight 14 pounds.
A-2200 STEIGER-SIMPSON SLIT LABM, complete with 14" daylight fluores-cent bulb for AC only (without Kahn rack or test tubes) ............ Each $28.50
A-1336 MAGNIFIER, 3" lens is mounted in a metal frame with black handle.Magnification approximately 3x .Ec................................................ Eah $ 2.00
CLAY-ADAMS CONAMp44.MAST~Z~jL~iW_
6 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 102, No. 2647
SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
How to MakeSTAN DARDVOLUMETRIC .0
SOLUTIONS
in u Few Minutes
Acculute solutions are contained insealed ampoules and come to you in clearor amber chemically resistant glass, or waxdepending upon the properties of the solu-tion. Acculute solutions of lower normal-ities are sealed in 50 ml ampoules and thoseof higher normalities are sealed in 100 mland 150 ml ampoules. Acculute solutions ofall normalities in these sealed containershold exact quantities of reagents in concen-tration so that when contents are dilutedto 1000 ml with distilled water, the statednormality results.
Acculute solutions in sealed ampoulesare convenient to store and remain stableindefinitely . .. . and the standard volu-
. . just Dilute Acculute
Acculute is a concentrate. by the simpleprocess of transferring Acculute to a vol-umetric flask and diluting, a standard vol-umetric solution con be quickly prepared.
metric solutions prepared with them aredependable.Complete instructions for preparing
Acculute and a formed glass rod for open-ing are supplied with each ampoule. Ad-vice concerning end points, titrations andscientific references are supplied with eachunit.Necks of all glass ampoules are pre-
scratched so that an ampoule can be easilysplit into two parts by merely heating theglass rod supplied with it, and applyingthe heated rod to the scratch. Wax am-poules (containing alkali solutions carbo-nate free) are opened by simply passingthe heated rod through the head.
Write for bulletin giving complete listing, prices and discounts.
E. H. SARGENT & CO.. 155-165 East Superior St., Chicago 11, IllinoisMichigan Division: 1959 E. Jefferson. Detroit 7, Mich.
-m
SEPTEMBER. 21, 1945 7
8 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
EMERSON MICROMANIPULATORSU. 8. PATENT NO. 1828460
MODELa A
MANIPU-
LATORWITHOUTBASE $100.00
0
W Lever-Controlsfor Horizontaland VerticalFine Ad-
The only manipulator on the market with theunique lever control whereby horizontal motionsare so co-ordinated that the apparent motion ofthe needle under the field of a compound micro-scope is identical with the actual motion of thecontrol lever. Also the only manipulator that canbe adjusted for high power or low power work.
0
J. H. EMERSON COMPANY22 Cottage Park Ave.
Cambridge MassachusettsALSO MANUFACTURERS OF RESUSCITA-TION AND RESPIRATION EQUIPMENT.
E
RADIOACTIVITY INSTRUMENTS
IMPULSE REGISTER Accurately registers upto sixty impulses per second, and will solveyour problems in high speed impulse ormechanical operation counting.Price FOB factory * * . * $55.00
GEIGER MULLER COUNTER An especiallyfine piece of equipment with numerous ap-plications in radioactivity work.Price, FOB factory . . $345.00
A NEW GEIGER COUNTER TUBE A compact,completely enclosed counter tube of sturdyconstruction with many important features.Used extensively by leading laboratories.Price, FOB factory . $5000
The instruments here illustrated are rugged andpractically foolproof . . . made from the highestgrade materials and designed for dependable per-formance under actual working conditionsyreliable performance at reasonable cost. Place yourorder now by mail.
Detail specification upon request
CYCLOTRON SPECIALTIES COMPANYStation B, Moragoa, California
THE TEC.KNMI CON OC PANY21$ E. 449thSt-4m - Nw York 51, N.Y.
ACIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS 9capmExma 21. 1945
10 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS
Seainec~e aid Aede-STAINLESS STEEL
TRIPLE-BEAM BALANCEV~e4tea1 F 2cd4 Atcccae Isec6
Cobalite-p _ 4 Knife Edges
CoveredAgate
Bearings
One-PieceBeam
Construction
HighSensitivity
Corrosion-No. 4030 Patent No. 1,872,465 Proof
SENSITIVITY: 0.01 g. or less at total capacityCAPACITY: 111 g. (with extra weight 201 g.)
The patented one-piece triple beam has all three scales visible at eye level.Absolutely every metal part is of Stainless steel, except the base castingand pillar, which have a crystal-finish coating.
Each $18.25-Lots 3, Each $16.4O(Extra weight $1.25 additional)
W. M. WELCH SCIENTIFIC COMPANYEstablished 1880
1517 Sedgwick Street Chicago 10, Illinois, U.S. A.
10 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS' VOL. 102, No. 2647
VOL. 102 FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 21, 1945 No. 2647
Science, Technology and Public Policy: DR. LYMAN Penicillinase-Producing Properties of Microorgan-CHALKLEY ......................................... 289 isms: CAPTAIN JOSEPH HS.GOTS --.............................3...........307
Surfaces of Solids in Science and Industry: PRO- Discussion:FESSOR WILLIAM DRAPER HARKINS ................................... 292 Pressure Due to Mounting Scientific Knowledge:
Obituary: DR. JAMES H. CRAFT and IRENE H. CRAFT; PRO-FESSOR.H. M. DADOURIAN. Sir Isaac Newton andGeorge Argale Harrop, Jr.: DR GEOFFREY W. the Sensitive Radiometer: KERR GRANT .............................. 310RAKE and DR. JOHN F. ANDERSON. Recent Deaths 295
Scientific Events: Scientific Books:The Mexican Mathematical Society; The Profes- Survey Texts in Physical Science: PROFESSOR RICH-sional Training of Regular Army Medical Corps ARD T. Cox. Organic Chemistry: COLONEu MARS-Officers; Appointments to the Illinois State Geo- TON TAYLOR BOGERT. Books Received .............................. 312logical Survey; News from Abroad .............................. 296
Scientific Notes and News ........ ..................... 299 SCIENCE: A Weekly Journal, since 1900 the officialorgan of the American Association for the AdvancementSpecial Articles: - of Science. Published by the American Association for
Isolation of an Apparently New Virus from Two the Advancement of Science every Friday at Lancaster,Fatal Pneumonia Cases: DR. JOSEPH ZICHIS and Pennsylvania.DR. HOWARD J. SHAUGHNESSY. Sex Differences inKidney Morphology and Chloroform Necrosis: DR. Editors: JOSEPHINE OWEN CATTELL and JAQUESALLEN B. ESCHENBRENNER and ELIZA MILLER. The CATTELL.Activity of Penicillins G and X in Vitro: DR. RAY- Policy Committee: MALCOLM H. SOULz, Room ADAMSMOND L. LIBBY and NORMA L. HOLmBERG. The and WALTER R. MILES.Specificity of the Xanthydrol-pyridine Reaction for Advertising Manager: THzo. J. CHRISTENSE2,2 Bis (p-Chlorophenyl) 1, 1, 1 Trichloroethane(DDT): DR. FILADELFO IRREVERRE and NORMAN E. Communications relative to articles offered for publicationSHARPLESS. Physiological Evidence of a Site of should be addressed to Editors of Science, The Science Press,SActionof DDTsooincanIns det:D f.J SFRNiteNo Lancaster, Pa.Action of DDT in an Insect: DR. J. FRANKLIN Communications relative to advertising should be addressedYEAGER and SAMLC. MUNSON........................ 301 to THmO. CHRISTENSEN, Advertising Manager, Smithsonian
Institution Building, Washington 25, D. C.Communications relative to membership in the AssociationScientific Apparatus and Laboratory Methods: and to all matters of business of the Association should be
An Adjustable Resistance with Linear Response to addressed to the Permanent Secretary, A.A.A.S., SmithsonianAir Flow for Respiration Experiments: DR. LESLIESILVERMAN and DR. M. N. RAO. The Detection of Annual subscription, $6.00 Single copies, 15 cents
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND PUBLIC POLICYBy Dr. LYMAN CHALKLEY
OFFICE OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
FOR some years the world has been engaged in themost destructive war of -history. This has been themost destructive war because it has been the most"scientific" war. The sciences have been mobilized,and, through their expressions in technology, havebeen applied to destruction. The devastating resultshave been of a magnitude and worldwide distributionutterly beyond the reach of even the most bloodthirstymilitarists of former ages.
Thus, in destruction, as in its more constructiveapplications to medicine, industry and the comfortsand conveniences of living, the scientific method hasshown itself more efficient and more powerful thanany other approach to the solution of practical prob-lems which mankind has devised. In spite of thisgenerally accepted fact, no adequate machinery for
bringing our public policy into harmony with thedevelopment of science and technology has been setup.
There are many evidences of this situation. Asearly in the war as April, 1942, Fortune magazinepointed out that, although this was a scientific war,neither scientists nor technologists were members ofthe top military or civil policy-making groups. Thisis still true. The Dumbarton Oaks Plan, whilerecommending an Economic and Social Council, en-tirely ignored science and technology. The SanFrancisco United Nations Conference hiy done like-wise. Yet no field of human activity is to-day agreater factor in the war-making potential of nations.Another problem growing out of the war is the
