EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceaeBiochemical ReactionsBiochemical Reactions
Enny SuswatiEnny Suswati
04/18/2304/18/23 11Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
IMViC TestIMViC Test
IIndole, ndole, MMethyl Red, ethyl Red, VVoges-Prosakaur, oges-Prosakaur, CCitrate (IMViC) Tests:itrate (IMViC) Tests:– The following four tests comprise a series of The following four tests comprise a series of
important determinations that are collectively important determinations that are collectively called the IMViC series of reactions called the IMViC series of reactions
– The IMViC series of reactions allows for the The IMViC series of reactions allows for the differentiation of the various members of differentiation of the various members of EnterobacteriaceaeEnterobacteriaceae..
04/18/2304/18/23 22Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
IIMViC: MViC: IIndole testndole test PrinciplePrinciple
Certain microorganisms can metabolize Certain microorganisms can metabolize tryptophan by tryptophanasetryptophan by tryptophanase
The enzymatic degradation leads to the The enzymatic degradation leads to the formation of pyruvic acid, indole and formation of pyruvic acid, indole and
ammoniaammonia The presence of indole is detected by The presence of indole is detected by
addition of Kovac's reagent.addition of Kovac's reagent.
Tryptophaneamino acids
Tryptophanase Indole + Pyurvic acid + NH3
Kovac’s Reagent
Red color in upper organic layer`04/18/2304/18/23 33
Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X PencernaanPencernaan
IIMViC: MViC: IIndole testndole test
Method:Method:
Inoculate Inoculate tryptone water with the tested with the tested
microorganism microorganism
Incubate at 37°C for 24 hours Incubate at 37°C for 24 hours
After incubation interval, add 1 ml After incubation interval, add 1 ml
Kovacs reagent, shake the tube gently and , shake the tube gently and
read immediatelyread immediately
04/18/2304/18/23 44Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
IIMViC: MViC: IIndole testndole test
Result:Result:
A bright pink color in the top A bright pink color in the top layer indicates the presence layer indicates the presence of indoleof indole
The absence of color means The absence of color means that indole was not produced that indole was not produced i.e. indole is negativei.e. indole is negative
Special Features:Special Features: Used in the differentiation of Used in the differentiation of
genera and species. e.g. genera and species. e.g. E. coliE. coli (+) from (+) from KlebsiellaKlebsiella (-). (-).
Positive teste.g. E. coli
Negative teste.g. Klebsiella
04/18/2304/18/23 55Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
IIMVMViC testiC testMMethyl Red-ethyl Red-VVoges Proskauer (MR-VP) Testsoges Proskauer (MR-VP) Tests
Glucose
Acidic pathway
Mixed acids pH less than
4.4Methyl Redindicator
Red color
Principle
MR positiveE. coli
Or Neutral pathway
Acety methyl carbinol(ACETOIN)
Barrit’s ABarrit;s B
Pink colorVP positiveKlebsiella
04/18/2304/18/23 66Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
IIMVMViC test: iC test: MMRRVVP testP test
Inoculate the tested organism into Inoculate the tested organism into One tubeOne tube of of MRVP broth broth
Incubate the tubes at 37°C for 24 hoursIncubate the tubes at 37°C for 24 hours
AFTER INCUBATION: Pour 1/3 of the suspension into a clean AFTER INCUBATION: Pour 1/3 of the suspension into a clean
nonsterile tube: nonsterile tube:
Run the MR test in the tube with 2/3, and the VP test in the Run the MR test in the tube with 2/3, and the VP test in the
open tube with 1/3. open tube with 1/3.
– For methyl red: Add 6-8 drops of methyl red reagent. For methyl red: Add 6-8 drops of methyl red reagent.
– For Voges-Proskauer: Add 12 drops of Barritt's A (For Voges-Proskauer: Add 12 drops of Barritt's A (--
naphthol), mix, 4 drops of Barritt's B (40% KOH), mix naphthol), mix, 4 drops of Barritt's B (40% KOH), mix
– Let sit, Let sit, undisturbedundisturbed, for at least 1hour, for at least 1hour
Method
04/18/2304/18/23 77Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
IIMVMViC test: iC test: MMR/R/VVP testP testResults
Methyl Red test Voges-Proskauer test
Red: Positive MR (E. coli)
Yellow or orange: Negative MR (Klebsiella)
Pink: Positive VP (Klebsiella)
No pink: Negative VP (E. coli)
04/18/2304/18/23 88Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Citrate Utilization TestCitrate Utilization TestPrinciple:
Citrate Na2CO3
Alkaline,↑pH
Blue colourBromothymol blue
Simmone’s Citrate media
Positive test: Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter
CO2 + Na + H2OPyruvate
Positive test
Negative test: E. coli
Contains Citrate as a sole of C source
04/18/2304/18/23 99Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Citrate Utilization TestCitrate Utilization Test
Incubate at 37°C for 24 hours.Incubate at 37°C for 24 hours.
Method Method
Streak a Streak a Simmon's Citrate agarSimmon's Citrate agar slant with slant with
the organism the organism
04/18/2304/18/23 1010Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Citrate Utilization TestCitrate Utilization Test
Examine for growth (+)Examine for growth (+) Growth on the medium Growth on the medium
is accompanied by a is accompanied by a rise in pH to change rise in pH to change the medium from its the medium from its initial green color to initial green color to
deep bluedeep blue
ResultResult
PositiveKlebsiella, Enterobacter
NegativeE. coli04/18/2304/18/23 1111
Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X PencernaanPencernaan
Urease TestUrease Test
Urea agar contains urea and phenol redUrea agar contains urea and phenol red Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of Urease is an enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of
urea to CO2 and NH3urea to CO2 and NH3 Ammonia combines with water to produce ammonium Ammonia combines with water to produce ammonium
hydroxide, a strong base which ↑ pH of the medium. hydroxide, a strong base which ↑ pH of the medium. ↑ ↑ in the pH causes phenol red r to turn a deep pink. in the pH causes phenol red r to turn a deep pink.
This is indicative of a positive reaction for ureaseThis is indicative of a positive reaction for urease
UreaUrease
CO2 + NH3H2O
NH4 OH ↑ in pH
Phenol Red
PinkPositive test
Streak a urea agar tube with the organism
incubate at 37°C for 24 h
Method
PrinciplePrinciple
04/18/2304/18/23 1212Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Urease TestUrease Test
If color of medium turns If color of medium turns from yellow to pink from yellow to pink indicates positive test. indicates positive test.
ProteusProteus give positive give positive reaction after 4 h while reaction after 4 h while KelebsiellaKelebsiella and and EnterobacterEnterobacter gave gave positive results after 24 hpositive results after 24 h
Result
Positive test Negative test
04/18/2304/18/23 1313Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Reaction on Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) AgarReaction on Triple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar
TSI containsTSI contains– Three different types of sugarsThree different types of sugars
Glucose (1 part)Glucose (1 part)
Lactose (10 part)Lactose (10 part)
Sucrose (10 part)Sucrose (10 part)
– Phenol red (acidic: Yellow)Phenol red (acidic: Yellow)
TSI dispensed in tubes with equal butt & slantTSI dispensed in tubes with equal butt & slant
PrinciplePrinciple – To determine the ability of an organism to attack a specific To determine the ability of an organism to attack a specific
carbohydrate incorporated into a basal growth medium, with or carbohydrate incorporated into a basal growth medium, with or
without the production of gas, along with the determination of without the production of gas, along with the determination of
possible hydrogen sulphide production. possible hydrogen sulphide production.
04/18/2304/18/23 1414Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Reaction on TSIReaction on TSI
Method:Method:– Inoculate TSI medium with an organism by Inoculate TSI medium with an organism by
inoculating needle by stabbing the butt and inoculating needle by stabbing the butt and streaking the slantstreaking the slant
– Incubate at 37°C for 24 hoursIncubate at 37°C for 24 hours
04/18/2304/18/23 1515Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Reaction on TSI
Result
Example
Butt color
Slant color
H2S
RedRedNegativeAlk/Alk/- (No action on sugars)
Non fermenter e.g.
Pseudomonas
YellowRedNegativeA/Alk/-
(Glucose fermented without H2S)
LNF e.g. Shigella
YellowRed
Positiveblack in
butt
A/Alk/+ (Glucose fermented
with H2S)
LNF e.g. Salmonella &
Proteus
YellowYellowNegativeA/A/- (three sugars are
fermented)
LF e.g. E. coli, Klebsiella,
Enterobacter
Result
04/18/2304/18/23 1616Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Gram Gram stainstain
OxidaseOxidaseNitrate Nitrate reductasereductase
O/FO/FMacConMacConkeykey
SSSSEMBEMB
E. coliE. coli-ve rod-ve rod-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+LFLFLFLFMetallic Metallic sheensheen
CitrobacterCitrobacter-ve rods-ve rods-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+LFLFLFLFDarkDark
KlebsiellaKlebsiella-ve rods-ve rods-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+LFLFLFLFDarkDark
EnterobacterEnterobacter-ve rods-ve rods-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+LFLFLFLFDarkDark
SalmonellaSalmonella-ve rods-ve rods-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+NLFNLFNLF/NLF/H2SH2S
ColorlessColorless
ShigellaShigella-ve rods-ve rods-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+NLFNLFNLFNLFColorlessColorless
ProteusProteus-ve rods-ve rods-ve-ve+ve+veO+/F+O+/F+NLFNLFNLF/NLF/H2SH2S
ColorlessColorless
Summary of morphology, cultural characteristics, and biochemical reactions of Enterobacteriaceae
04/18/2304/18/23 1717Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
TSITSIIndoleIndoleMRMRVPVPCitrateCitrateUreaseUreaseMotilityMotility
E. coliE. coliA/A/-A/A/-+ve+ve+ve+ve-ve-ve-ve-ve-ve-veMotileMotile
Citrobacter Citrobacter freundiifreundii
A/A/-A/A/-+ve+ve+ve+ve-ve-ve+ve+ve-ve-veMotileMotile
Klebsiella Klebsiella pneumoniaepneumoniae
A/A/-A/A/--ve-ve-ve-ve+ve+ve+ve+ve+ve+veNon Non motilemotile
Enterobacter Enterobacter cloacaecloacae
A/A/-A/A/--ve-ve-ve-ve+ve+ve+ve+ve+ve+veMotileMotile
Salmonella Salmonella typhityphi
A/Alk/+A/Alk/+-ve-ve+ve+ve-ve-ve+ve+ve-ve-veMotileMotile
Shigella Shigella boydiiboydii
A/Alk/-A/Alk/--ve-ve+ve+ve-ve-ve-ve-ve-ve-veNon Non motilemotile
ProteusProteus mirabilismirabilis
A/Alk/+A/Alk/+-ve-ve+ve+ve-ve-ve+ve+ve+ve+veMotileMotile
SwarwingSwarwing
Summary of morphology, cultural characteristics, and biochemical reactions of Enterobacteriaceae
04/18/2304/18/23 1818Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan
Oxidase TestOxidase Test
PositiveNegative
Pseudomonas Enterobacteriaceae
Nitrate test: +ve further reduction to N2
Growth on cetrimide agar: Pale colonies with green pigmentation
MacConkey’s agar& TSI
Lactose fermenter
Pink colonies on MacConkey& acidic butt and slant on TSI
colorless colonies on MacConkey& acidic butt alkaline slant onTSI
Lactose non-fermenter
IMViC test& EMB
IMViC++ - -& black colonies with metalic shines on EMB
E.coli
IMViC- - ++
Klebsiella
No H2S production(no blacking in TSI)
H2S production(blacking in TSI)
ShigellaUrease production
+ve
Proteus
-ve
SS agar
colorless colonies with black centers
Salmonella
O/F test: O+/F-
Motility
Not motile Motile
Enterobacter04/18/2304/18/23 1919
Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X PencernaanPencernaan
Practical WorkPractical Work
Reaction on TSIReaction on TSI
Indole TestIndole Test
MR testMR test
VP testVP test
Citrate Utilization testCitrate Utilization test
Urease testUrease test
04/18/2304/18/23 2020Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X Materi Praktikum Mikrobiologi Blok X
PencernaanPencernaan