Enterprise Application Integration

and Process Modelling

Erik Perjons

DSV, KTH/SU

Why focusing on business processes?

• discover and adopt to changed customer demands

• automate the activities in business processes

• re-engineering the business processes to make them more effective/efficient

• easy to understand for non-technical people

Stove pipe problem

PurchaseMarket

Customerservice

Production

Management

$ $$

Purchasing

Receivingsupplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of Directors

Marketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Shipment

Business processes cross departments

PurchaseMarket

Customerservice

Production ShipmentManagement

$ $$

Purchasing

Receivingsupplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of DirectorsMarketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Solution: Integrated IT systems

PurchaseMarket

Customerservice

Production ShipmentManagement

$ $$

Purchasing

Receivingsupplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of DirectorsMarketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Why problem integrating IT systems?

• Different platforms, programming languages, and formats

• No interfaces

• Legacy systems with no documentation

• Different semantics in the systems (different meanings of e.g. ”customer”, ”region”, ”product”)

• Need of a routing mechanism

Problem: Constantly changing business processes

Purchase

MarketCustomerservice

ProductionManagement

$ $$

PurchasingReceiving

supplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of DirectorsMarketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Planningproduction

Integration solutions

• ERP and Enterprise systems - replace existing IT systems with a new one

• EAI middleware- integrate existing IT systems

• Electronic collaboration solutions (B2B solutions) - integrate the suppliers’ and customers’ systems

• Data warehousing- extract some data from existing IT systems and load it into a new system for decision support

ERP systems/Enterprise systems

Purchase

MarketCustomerservice

Production ShipmentManagement

$ $$

PurchasingReceiving

supplier goods

Manufacturing

Board of DirectorsMarketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Planningproduction

Integration solutions

• ERP and Enterprise systems - replace existing IT systems with a new one

• EAI middleware- integrate existing IT systems (RPC, CORBA, XML, Message Broker, BPMS)

• Electronic collaboration solutions (B2B solutions) - integrate the suppliers’ and customers’ systems

• Data warehousing- extract some data from existing IT systems and load it into a new system for decision support

EAI: Point-to-Point solutions

Purchase

MarketCustomerservice

Production ShipmentManagement

$ $$

PurchasingReceiving

supplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of DirectorsMarketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Planningproduction

EAI: Many-to-Many solutions

Purchase

MarketCustomerservice

ProductionManagement

$ $$

PurchasingReceiving

supplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of DirectorsMarketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Packaging

Quality Assurance

Recieve orders

Planningproduction

Message Brokers and BPMS

Application A Application B

Application C

BPMS

Person A

Many-to-many- BPMS

Message Broker

Application A

Application B

Application CApplication D

Many-to-many- Message Brokers

Application A

Application B

Application C

Application AApplication D

Point-to-point

Business Process Management Systems (BPMS)

also called Process Brokers, Process Automation Systems, Workflow Management

Systems

- directly executable businessmodels

- support process design (modelling), execution, analysis, simulation and optimisation of business processes

- automate the business processes, or the information flow

Categorisation of Business Process Modelling Languages

• Static-oriented languages -visualise the input and output from activities, but not the logical order/time, e.g. IDEF0, data flow diagram

• Activity-oriented languages-decribes which activities follows and precede another in a process, e.g EPC, UML activity diagram

• State-oriented languages-describes which states follow and precede another in a process, e.g UML state diagram

• Communication oriented languages- focus on the interaction between prople and systems, and between systems, e.g UML sequence diagram, BML, SDL

Basic process language concepts

A time point is an instant in time, not further decomposible

An event is an noteworthy occurence

A state shows the condition of a process and can be represented in several way, e.g. as a set of attribute values

A activity is something that is performed in a process

Four basic process language concepts, which have the following intuitive meaning:

Different meaning of basic terms

Time points Time points

Even

t

Even

t

ActivityActivity

State State State StateState State

Two examples (there are more):

Meta models and reference meta model

Capturerequirement

Require-ment

occured

Check materialon stock

Material ison stock

Require-ment

captured

Material isnot on stock

X

Capturerequirement

Check materialon stock

Requirement[captured]

Requirements[checked]

Precedes

Succeeds

Precedes/succeeds

Succeeds

Function Event State

Precedes

Activity

Transform-ation

Event

State

Succeeds

Precedes

consists of consists ofMeta ModelLevel

-referencemeta model

Meta ModelLevel

-modellingtechniques

Model Level

UML Activity DiagramEPC

[Rosemann&Green, 2002]

Data flow diagram

Beställningsmottagande

Katalog-kontroll

Budgetkontroll

Bokinfo Budgetinfo

An-ställd

Bok-handel

Beställningsrutin

Lev.info

UML Activity DiagramFind

Beverage

Put Coffeein Filter

GetCups

Add Waterto Reservoir

Put Filterin Machine

Turn onmachine

BrewCoffee

Get Canof Cola

DrinkBeverage

PourCoffee

[found coffee]

[no coffee] [no cola]

[found cola]

[Fowler&Scott, 1997]

UML State Diagram

Waiting

Dispatching

do/initiatedelivery

Checking

do/check item

Delivered

[all itemsavailable]

[not all itemschecked]

[all itemschecked&some

items not in stock]

[all itemschecked&all

items available]

[Fowler&Scott, 1997]

EndO rderO rder

answ er=O K

O rderupdate

U pdateansw er

W ait forEvent 1

Tim erT1

Tim erT1 O rder

answ er=N ot O K

End

A pp Adoes notansw er

C u sto m e r

App A O p e ra to r

Business Modelling Language (BML)

EndO rderO rder

answ er=O K

O rderupdate

U pdateansw er

W ait forEvent 1

Tim erT1

Tim erT1 O rder

answ er=N ot O K

End

A pp Adoes notansw er

C u sto m er

App A O p era to r

Business Modelling Language (BML)

C u sto m er

App A O p era to r

Order BIA

Business Modelling Language (BML)

Process Broker project

The purpose of the project is to investige BPMS (Process Brokers), in particular:

• business process modelling languages

• method for application and process integration

Process Broker project - Telecom caseBeställare

M obil-användare

Prepay system

Autom atisktKundmöte

M obileSwitchCenter

Betala_hjälp

Hom eLocationRegistry

(HLR) M obilSvar

Dafa

Nr-databas

Adress-kontroll

Pris-db

Postadressfråga

¤Fyll_på_epeng_fråga(408, 410)¤Fyll_på_giropeng-påpekande (421, 423)¤Betala-kvittens (440)¤ In fo (411)

¤Epeng_fylls_på

¤Hjälp_kund(412, 424)

¤Info ¤Nyttjarm obilte lefon

¤Hjälp_kund_betala

¤Kund-datasvar¤Felsöksvar

¤Beställn ing¤Ändra_beställn ing¤Fyll_på_epeng_begäran

M obil-användare

Tryckeri

Postadressvar

¤Nr-begäran1-svar¤Nr-begäran2-svar

¤Kund-datafråga¤Felsök

SMS

AUC

Postgiro

Bankgiro

PCR

M obil-användare

¤SIM -kort_beställn ing

PRE-BESTÄLLNING

Pre-Ny_beställ

Pre-Ändra_beställ

Beställ OCR-blankett

Statistik

Kundinfo-sökare

Kort-databas

SM CC

NR-HANTERINGSläpp_nr

Nr-sök

¤SIM -kort_stor_leverans

¤Batch-beställn ing_SIM -kort

¤Debiterings-underlag

¤Nr-begäran1-svar(un ik/nr-förslag)¤Nr-begäran2-svarun ik/nr-förslag)¤Boka_nr_svar¤Ta_bort_nr_svar¤Släpp_nr_O K

BESTÄLLNING

Ändra_beställningNy_beställning

Uppdatera_O pen_VoiceUppdatera_PPSUppdatera_HLR

HLR_borttag

PPS_borttag

Kundstatus_borttag

AUC_borttag

Uppdatera_AUC

KUNDINFOKundstatus

Felsök

PERIODISK_BETALNING

Beräkna_periodsum m a

Dra_från_IN-konto

BETALABetalning_via_giro

Välj_betal-ningssätt

Betalning_via_konto

Spontanbetalning_giro

G odkändatransaktioner

Fyll_på_IN_konto

Euroline_betalning

Kortdb-hantering

Efter-debitering

Statistik

¤Pris-listafråga (601)

¤Pris-listasvar (602)

¤Epeng-period-betaln ing_O K ( 606)¤Debitera_tjänst_svar

¤Epeng-period-betaln ing(604)¤Debitera_tjänst

¤Epeng_fylls_på ( 435)

¤Fyll_på_epeng_begäran (401)¤Epeng_fylls_på_O K (438)

¤Fyll_på_epeng_begäran (402)

¤Starta_period isk_betaln ing (501)

¤Betalasätt-svar(404, 431)¤G iltig t_kort-svar

¤Ny_kund-data (407, 413, 415, 420, 425, 437, 439)¤Betalasätt-fråga (403, 430)¤G iltig t-kort_fråga

¤Fyll_på_epeng_svar(409)

¤Trans-in fo

¤Trans-in fo

¤Transinfo

¤Kunddatafråga (506)¤Saldofråga (502)

¤Kunddata-svar(509)¤Saldo-svar (503)

¤Beställn ing_O K( 312)¤Ändra_beställn ing_O K (342)¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data_O K( 333)

¤Beställ-n ing ( 303)¤Ändra_beställ-n ing (340)¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data (331)

¤Kund-data-fråga(505)

¤Ta-bort_nr-bok-n ing

¤Beställn ing (304)¤Ändra_beställ-n ing (337)¤Ta_bort-in lagd_data (328)

¤Beställ-n ing_O K (336)¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data_O K

¤Beställ-n ing (334)¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data

¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data (351)¤ In fo_tjänster (371, 372,373,374, 375)

¤Beställn ing_in itierad¤Ändra_beställn ing_in itierad¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data_O K (353)

¤Beställn ing_O K (313)¤Ändra_beställ-n ing_O K (339)¤Ta_bort-in -lagd_data_O K(330)

¤Kunddata-svar(510)

¤Kunddata-fråga(507)

¤Kund-data-svar (504)¤Info (511,513, 514)

¤Beställn ing¤Ändra_beställ-n ing (340)¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data (331)

EurolineM obil-telefon-

försäljare

M obil-användare

¤Rekvirera_epeng (417)¤Batch_capture

¤PG _fylls_på

¤Kortkontro ll

¤BG _fylls_på

¤Kortkontro ll-svar

¤Kort-kontro ll-svar

¤Skicka_nya_O CR-blanketter

¤Skicka_nya_O CR-b lanketter

¤Fordran

¤SIM -korts-in fo

¤SIM -korts-in fo

¤SIM -korts_in fo_m ed_adress

¤Kortkontro ll-fråga

¤Nr-begäran1(un ik/nr-förslag)¤Nr-begäran2(un ik/fö rslag)¤Avbryt¤Boka_nr¤Släpp_nr¤Ta_bort_nr

¤SIM -kort_leverans

¤Beställn ing_in itierad¤Ändra_beställn ing_in itierad

¤Prebe-ställ-n ing_in fo

¤Boka_nr¤Ta-bort_nr

Ta_bort_nr

Boka_nr

¤Boka_nr_svar¤Ta_bort_nr_svar

¤SIM -kort_beställn ing_O K

¤Beställn ing_in itierad¤Ändra_beställn ing_in itierad

¤Kunddatafråga (115)¤Felsök (116)

¤Beställ-n ing_O K¤Ändra_be-ställn ing_O K¤Ta_bort_in lagd_data_O K

BPI-operatör

¤Felin fo( ¤Felin fo

(

¤Felin fo(512)

BPI-operatör

¤Felin fo(309, 321,329, 332,335, 338,341, 352)

¤Felin fo(419, 436)

¤Felin fo(605)

¤Skicka_nya_O CR-b lanketter

¤Beställin fo(310,320,323, 360)

¤Nr-begäran1¤Nr-begäran2¤Avbryt

Fordrings-konto

¤Kunddatafråga (115)¤Felsök (116)

¤Kund-data-svar (508)

KUNDINFOKundstatus

Felsök KUNDINFO

Kundstatus

Felsök

Beställning_kundinfo

Vita Nova project

The purpose of the project is to investige the potential of BPMS in Health and Medical Services

DSV’s assignment is to develop a framework for evaluating business processes models, BPMS and methods for integrating business processes

Loosely-Structured Business Processes project

The purpose of the project is to investige BPMS for loosely-structured business processes

• focused on goal and state modelling

• try to define patterns for such business processes

• case studies: decision-making and lobbying

ebXML and EC4 project

- ebXML is a global standard developed by UN/CEFACT and OASIS

- EC4 stands for Electronic Commerce and Collaboration Center

- aims at disseminate knowledge about electronic commerce and collaboration among researchers, students and SME

Integration solutions

• ERP and Enterprise systems - replace existing IT systems with a new one

• EAI middleware- integrate existing IT systems

• Electronic collaboration solutions (B2B solutions) - integrate the suppliers’ and customers’ systems

• Data warehousing- extract some data from existing IT systems and load it into a new system for decision support

B2B - Electronic CollaborationIntegration

Purchase

MarketProduction

Management$ $

$

Purchasing

Receivingsupplier goods

Manufacturing

Warehouse

Board of Directors

Marketing

Deliver/Ship

Customer service

Quality Assurance

Customerservice

Shipment

Packaging

SuppliersRecieve orders

Customers

Business Processes spanning several organisations

Company 3Company 2

Company 1

P1.1

P1.4P1.2

P1.3

ebXML Electronic CollaborationIntegration Levels

Business Domain View

Business Requirements View

Business Transaction View

Business Service View

Implementation Function View

Business Area

Process Area (supply-chain)

Business Process REA

Business Collaboration

Business Transaction

Business Service

MessageServiceHandler

SOAP (WebServices)

HTTP SMTP MIME ...

TCP/ IP...

SOA

Web services and CORBA are different implementations of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Service Requestor

Service Broker

Service Provider

Find

Request & Bind

PublishPublish and provide service

Register and Store

Find, request and bind service

Integration solutions

• ERP and Enterprise systems - replace existing IT systems with a new one

• EAI middleware- integrate existing IT systems

• Electronic collaboration solutions (B2B solutions) - integrate the suppliers’ and customers’ systems

• Data warehousing- extract some data from existing IT systems and load it into a new system for decision support

Data warehousing architecture

Query/Reporting

ExtractTransformLoad(ETL)

Serve

External sources

Data warehouse

Data marts

BI/Analysis/OLAP

Falö aöldfflaöd aklödfalö alksdf

Data mining

Productt Time1 Value1 Value11

Product2 Time2 Value2 Value21

Product3 Time3 Value3 Value31

Product4 Time4 Value4 Value41

Operational DBs/OLTPs/TPSs

Front end toolsEnd user applications

Back end toolsData staging area

”The data warehouse”OLAP servers

The back room The front room

Data sources Legacy systemsOLTP/TP systems

Data warehousing definition

”Data warehousing is a collection of decision support technologies, aimed at enabling the knowledge worker (executive, manager, analyst) to make better and faster decisions.”

[Chaundhuri&Dayal, 1997]