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Points to rememberPoints to remember

-Concern and develop the principle of permanent sovereignty over naturalre sou rce s .

-The free a nd be n ef i c i al exerc is e o f t he sov ere ignty o f pe o ple sa nd n a tions ov er t he i r n a tion al re sou rce s m ust be f u r t here d b yt he m utu al re s pec t o f S t a t e s ba s e d on t he i r sov ere ign eq u al ity .

-V io la tion o f n a tion al sov ere ignty ov er n a tu ral re sou rce s isc ont rar y t o t he s p i r it a nd pr in c iple s o f t he Char t er o f t heU nit e d Na tions a nd h ind er s t he d e v el o pme nt o f int er n a tion alc o -o pera tion a nd t he ma int e n a n ce o f peace.

-Th us, Re so lution 1803 (XVII) rec ogniz e s a n i mp o r t a nt a nd ba si c

l im it a tion on t he notion o f rela tiv e sov ere ignty: A st a t e ssov ere ignty ov er its n a tu ral re sou rce s is su b o r din a t e toint er n a tion al law .

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1.1. TheThe r ig h tr ig h t o f o f pe o ple spe o ple s a nda nd n a tionsn a tions toto

perma n e ntperma n e nt sov ere igntysov ere ignty ov erov er t he i rt he i r n a tu raln a tu ralweal t hweal t h a nda nd re sou rce sre sou rce s m ustm ust bebe exerc is e dexerc is e d inint het he int ere stint ere st o f o f t he i rt he i r n a tion aln a tion al d e v el o pme ntd e v el o pme nta nda nd o f o f t het he wellwell- -be ingbe ing o f o f t het he pe o plepe o ple o f o f t het heS t a t eS t a t e c on cer n e dc on cer n e d ..

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2 .2 . The explora ti o n, d e v elopme nt a nd dis po siti o n of The explora ti o n, d e v elopme nt a nd dis po siti o n of su ch re s o u rce s, a s well a s t he impor t of t hesu ch re s o u rce s, a s well a s t he impor t of t hefore ign cap it al req ui re d for t he s e p u rpo s e s, fore ign cap it al req ui re d for t he s e p u rpo s e s, s ho u ld be in co n form ity w it h t he r u le s a nd s ho u ld be in co n form ity w it h t he r u le s a nd co nditi o ns wh ich t he people s a nd n a ti o ns freel y co nditi o ns wh ich t he people s a nd n a ti o ns freel y

co nsid er t o be n ece ss ar y or d e si rable w it hco nsid er t o be n ece ss ar y or d e si rable w it hre g ar d t o t he a ut hor iz a ti o n, re st r ic ti o n orre g ar d t o t he a ut hor iz a ti o n, re st r ic ti o n or

P roh ib iti o n of su ch ac tiviti e sP roh ib iti o n of su ch ac tiviti e s ..

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33.. I nI n ca s e sca s e s wherewhere a ut hor iz a ti o na ut hor iz a ti o n isis g ra nt e d,g ra nt e d, t het he cap it alcap it alimpor t e dimpor t e d a nda nd t het he ear ningsear nings o no n t ha tt ha t cap it alcap it al s halls hall bebeg o v er n e dg o v er n e d b yb y t het he t erm st erm s t hereof ,t hereof , b yb y t het he n a ti o n aln a ti o n al le gis la ti o nle gis la ti o ninin force ,force , a nda nd b yb y int er n a ti o n alint er n a ti o n al lawlaw. . TheThe prof itsprof its d er iv e dd er iv e dm ustm ust bebe s hare ds hare d inin t het he propor ti o nspropor ti o ns freel yfreel y a g ree da g ree d u po n,u po n, inineacheach ca s e ,ca s e , be t wee nbe t wee n t het he inv e st or sinv e st or s a nda nd t het he rec ip ie ntrec ip ie nt st a t e ,st a t e ,

du edu e carecare be ingbe ing t ake nt ake n t ot o e nsu ree nsu re t ha tt ha t t heret here isis n on oimpa i rme nt,impa i rme nt, forfor a nya ny rea s o n,rea s o n, of of t ha tt ha t st a t e' sst a t e' s s o v ere igntys o v ere igntyo v ero v er itsits n a tu raln a tu ral weal t hweal t h a nda nd re s o u rce sre s o u rce s ..

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44 .. Na ti o n al iz a ti o n,Na ti o n al iz a ti o n, expropr ia ti o nexpropr ia ti o n oror req uisiti o ningreq uisiti o ning s halls hall bebe ba s e dba s e d o no ng ro undsg ro unds oror rea s o nsrea s o ns of of p u bl i cp u bl i c uti l ity,uti l ity, s ec u r itys ec u r ity oror t het he n a ti o n aln a ti o n al int ere stint ere stwh i chwh i ch areare reco gniz e dreco gniz e d a sa s o v err idingo v err iding p u rel yp u rel y individu alindividu al oror pr iv a t epr iv a t e int ere sts,int ere sts,bo t hbo t h d ome sti cd ome sti c a nda nd fore ignfore ign .. I nI n su chsu ch ca s e sca s e s t het he ow n erow n er s halls hall bebe pa idpa idappropr ia t eappropr ia t e compe ns a ti o n,compe ns a ti o n, inin accor d a n ceaccor d a n ce w it hw it h t het he r u le sr u le s inin forceforce inin t het heS t a t eS t a t e t ak ingt ak ing su chsu ch mea su re smea su re s inin t het he exerc is eexerc is e of of itsits s o v ere igntys o v ere ignty a nda nd ininaccor d a n ceaccor d a n ce w it hw it h int er n a ti o n alint er n a ti o n al lawlaw. . I nI n a nya ny ca s eca s e wherewhere t het he q u e sti o nq u e sti o n of of compe ns a ti o ncompe ns a ti o n giv e sgiv e s r is er is e t ot o aa co nt ro v er sy,co nt ro v er sy, t het he n a ti o n aln a ti o n al j u r isdi c ti o nju r isdi c ti o n of of t het heS t a t eS t a t e t ak ingt ak ing su chsu ch mea su re smea su re s s halls hall bebe exha ust e dexha ust e d .. Howe v er ,Howe v er , u po nu po na g reeme nta g reeme nt b yb y s o v ere igns o v ere ign S t a t e sS t a t e s a nda nd o t hero t her par ti e spar ti e s co n cer n e d,co n cer n e d, s e tt leme nts e tt leme nt of of t het he dis p ut edis p ut e s ho u lds ho u ld bebe ma d ema d e t hro ug ht hro ug h arb it ra ti o narb it ra ti o n oror int er n a ti o n alint er n a ti o n ala d judi ca ti o na d judi ca ti o n ..

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55 .. TheThe freefree a nda nd be n ef ic ialbe n ef ic ial exerc is eexerc is e of of t het he s o v ere igntys o v ere ignty of of people speople s a nda nd n a ti o nsn a ti o ns o v ero v er t he i rt he i r n a tu raln a tu ral re s o u rce sre s o u rce s m ustm ust bebef u r t here df u r t here d b yb y t het he m utu alm utu al re s pec tre s pec t of of S t a t e sS t a t e s ba s e dba s e d o no n t he i rt he i rs o v ere igns o v ere ign eq u al ityeq u al ity ..

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66 .. I nt er n a ti o n alI nt er n a ti o n al coco--opera ti o nopera ti o n forfor t het he eco n om iceco n om icd e v elopme ntd e v elopme nt of of d e v elop ingd e v elop ing co unt r i e s,co unt r i e s, whe t herwhe t her inin t het heformform of of p u bl i cp u bl i c oror pr iv a t epr iv a t e cap it alcap it al inv e st me nts,inv e st me nts,excha ng eexcha ng e of of g oo dsg oo ds a nda nd s er vi ce s,s er vi ce s, t ech ni calt ech ni cal a ssist a n ce ,a ssist a n ce ,oror excha ng eexcha ng e of of s c ie nti f i cs c ie nti f i c in forma ti o n,in forma ti o n, s halls hall bebe su chsu ch a sa s

t ot o f u r t herf u r t her t he i rt he i r ind epe nd e ntind epe nd e nt n a ti o n aln a ti o n al d e v elopme ntd e v elopme nta nda nd s halls hall bebe ba s e dba s e d u po nu po n re s pec tre s pec t forfor t he i rt he i r s o v ere igntys o v ere ignty

o v ero v er t he i rt he i r n a tu raln a tu ral weal t hweal t h a nda nd re s o u rce sre s o u rce s..

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77 .. V iola ti o nV iola ti o n of of t het he r ig h tsr ig h ts of of people speople s a nda nd n a ti o nsn a ti o ns t ot os o v ere igntys o v ere ignty o v ero v er t he i rt he i r n a tu raln a tu ral weal t hweal t h a nda nd re s o u rce sre s o u rce sisis co nt rar yco nt rar y t ot o t het he s p i r its p i r it a nda nd pr in c iple spr in c iple s of of t het he Char t erChar t erof of t het he U nit e dU nit e d Na ti o nsNa ti o ns a nda nd h ind er sh ind er s t het he d e v elopme ntd e v elopme nt of of int er n a ti o n alint er n a ti o n al coco--opera ti o nopera ti o n a nda nd t het he ma int e n a n cema int e n a n ce of of peacepeace. .

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