Environment Baseline SURVEY report for Nghi Son Refinery Petrochemical Complex

NGHI SON REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL LIMITED LIABILITY COMPANY

FINAL INTEGRATED REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY FOR PROJECT OF NGHI SON REFINERY AND

PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX

August 2008 and February & June 2009

R & D CENTER FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

September – 2009


FINAL INTEGRATED REPORT




Project Owner Consultant of Preparing Report


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT CENTER FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY & ENVIRONMENT

R & D CENTER FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

September – 2009

VIETNAM PETROLEUM INSTITUTE (VPI) R&D CENTRE FOR PETROLEUM SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT (CPSE)

Report on




CONTROL INFORMATION Report No. NSF – 07/08 Revision No. 02 Date of this revision September 2009 Copy No. 01 - English Number of pages 140 Number of issued copies 10 Holder of this copy NSRP LLC

Work Responsibility Metal analysis Msc. Pham Thi Trang Van Hydrocarbon analysis Bsc. Phan Nhu Dinh Water and gain size analysis Bsc. Nguyen Minh Khoa Air analysis Bsc. Pham Minh Duc Benthos analysis Bsc. Nguyen Trung Tinh Biological result interpretation Bsc. Truong Thong Report Illustrating Eng. Phung Dinh Lieu, Eng. Nguyen Van Anh Reporting sections 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.1.1, 7.1.3, 7.2.1, 7.2.2, 7.2.4, 7.3.1, 7.3.3 and 8

Eng. Nguyen Van Anh

Reporting 7.1.2, 7.1.4, 7.2.3, 7.2.5, 7.3.2 and 7.3.4

Bsc. Truong Thong

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1

2. BRIEF INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT -------------------------------------------------------------- 1

3. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY------------------------------------------------------------ 2

4. SURVEY PROGRAM AND SAMPLING GRID ----------------------------------------------------------- 2

4.1 Survey Program--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 2

4.2 Sampling Grid ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6

5. ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

5.1 Analysis Process Control --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11

5.2 Rules Of Figure Representation In Summary Result Table-------------------------------------- 13

6. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS ------------------------------------------------------------- 14

6.1 Sampling Methods ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 14

6.2 Analytical Method------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 15

7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22

7.1 Offshore Area------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 22

7.2 Areas of Refinery Plant, Storage Terminal and Onshore Pipeline System 62

7.3 Coastal Area ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98

8. CONCLUSION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 129

9. REFERENCE------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 134

ABBREVIATIONS

AAS Atomic Absorption Spectrometry Ba Barium BOD Biochemical Oxygen Demand C Simpson’s dominance index Cd Cadmium Cr Chromium Cu Copper CPI Carbon preference index COD Chemical oxygen demand CR Crustacea CPSE Research Development Center for Petroleum Safety and Environment DO Dissolved oxygen EC Echinodermata ES100 Expected number of species in a rarefied sample GC Gas Chromatography H(s) Shannon-Wiener information function HMN Heptamethylnonane Hg Mercury Ind. Individual J Pielou’s evenness index MO Mollusca N/D Naphthalenes/Dibenzothlophenes NI Number of Individuals NPD Naphthalenes - Phenanthrenes - Dibenzothiophenes NS Number of Species (NSRP-LLC) Nghi Son Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Liability Company PAH Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Pb Lead P/D Phenanthrenes/Dibenzothiophenes Ph. Phytane Pr. Pristane PC Polychaeata Sq. Squalane T Temperature THC Total hydrocarbon content TOM Total organic matters TSS Total suspended solids TOC Total Organic Carbon TSP Total Suspended Particle UCM Unresolved Complex Mixtures Zn Zinc

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The report was carried out under the direction of Dr. Vu Cong Thang Director of CPSE

Analytical Results Interpretation and Report Design by Bui Hong Diem Deputy Manager of Environmental Chemistry Dept Nguyen Van Anh Environmental Engineer

Metal Analysis by Pham Thi Trang Van Master of Environmental Engineering Ha Dinh Quyet Chemist Dang Thi My Technician Vu Manh Cuong Technician

Hydrocarbon Analysis by Nguyen Van Mai Deputy Manager of Environmental Chemistry Dept Phan Nhu Dinh Deputy Manager of Environmental Chemistry Dept Ngo Mai Anh Environmental Engineer Nguyen Quoc Trung Chemist Nguyen Nhu Truong Chemical Engineer Pham Thach Anh Technician Pham Vu Viet Duong Technician Sediment Grain Size and Water Characteristic Analyses by Nguyen Minh Khoa Chemist Pham Thanh Thuy Chemist

Air Analysis by Pham Minh Duc Chemist Tran Quoc Thuan Chemist Hoang Minh Hung Chemist

Benthic Identification by Nguyen Trung Tinh Biologist

Biological Results Interpretation Truong Thong Biologist

Data Handling and Computation by Nguyen Van Anh Environmental Engineer Phung Dinh Lieu Chemical Engineer

ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE SURVEY REPORT Page 1 of 141

FOR NGHI SON REFINERY AND PETROCHEMICAL COMPLEX Final Report

CPSE September, 2009

1. INTRODUCTION According to the contract for provision of “Environmental impact assessment (EIA) and Environmental Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) for Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Complex Project” signed on 16 July 2008 between Nghi Son Refinery & Petrochemical Limited Liability Company (NSRP-LLC) and Research Development Center for Petroleum Safety and Environment (CPSE), two baseline environmental surveys for Project of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant were carried out in the rainy and dry seasons in order to assess the environment and social baseline conditions in the vicinity of the project area at the time of undertaking the EIA report. 2. BRIEF INFORMATION OF THE PROJECT The NSRP project is located in the Nghi Son Economic Zone, Tinh Gia District, Thanh Hoa Province. It is 200km south of Ha Noi and about 80km north of Vinh city (Nghe An Province). The total project area is approximately 394ha, while the plant itself will occupy proximately 328ha. Marine facilities include an SPM, Crude import pipeline, product loading jetties, seawater outfall pipeline and breakwater. The refinery will process 200,000 BPSD of imported Kuwait Export Crude (KEC) oil. The fuels section of the refinery includes Residue Hydrodesulphurisation and Residue Catalytic Cracking as the main upgrading units. The refinery is integrated with petrochemical production. The Aromatics Complex produces Paraxylene and Benzene. A key product from the Residue Catalytic Cracker Unit is Propylene which is used to produce Polypropylene product. The products produced include the following:

LPG Gasoline – 92/ 95 RON Kerosene / Jet A-1 Diesel – Premium and Regular Paraxylene / Benzene Polypropylene Sulphur

The refinery includes all process units and associated utilities, offsite and infrastructure facilities to support the refinery operations.

Complete utility facilities designed to meet the refinery’s demands for cooling water, fuels, power, steam, water, instrument and plant air, inert gas, etc.

Offsite facilities including storage for feedstocks plus intermediate and final products as well as systems for import and export of feed and products.

Other offsite facilities including flare, effluent treatment, firewater, interconnecting piping and pipelines, etc.

Marine facilities include an SPM/ Crude import line and product loading jetties.

The Environmental Design Basis document defines the environmental performance criteria required to achieve compliance with Vietnamese laws and regulations, protocols and conventions which signed by Vietnam, Petrovietnam guidelines and World Bank/International Finance Corporation and applicable international guidelines and regulations. The plant and associated facilities is designed to high environmental standards, and aims to minimize emissions to air, water and land.




These requirements are detailed in Doc. No. 3550 -8150-SP-0001, Environmental Design Basis, issued separately. 3. SCOPE AND OBJECTIVE OF THE SURVEY According to Vietnamese Standards applied to EIA reporting, which is approved by MONRE and in regards to international standards applied to projects which are financed by the IFC (International Finance Corporation), or World Bank, two baseline environmental surveys for the Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant project were carried out in the dry and rainy seasons to determine the status of the ambient environment in the project area. The principle environmental parameters outlines in this survey are bottom sediment quality, soil quality, ambient air quality, surface water quality and ground water quality. Using relevant documents and authorized materials provided by NSRP-LLC and the Environmental Department of CPSE, this report presents the results from the surveys in the dry and rainy seasons and provides comments regarding the environment in the surrounding areas of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant. All the analytical results of this report will be compared with National technical regulations, Vietnamese standards and IFC guidelines. The results of the baseline surveys will also be reported to relevant authorities in accordance with legal requirements. 4. SURVEY PROGRAM AND SAMPLING GRID 4.1 Survey program The baseline environmental monitoring survey programs in the dry and rainy seasons were carried out on August 2008, February and June 2009. The field sampling team was comprised of eight CPSE members headed by Mr. Phan Nhu Dinh.

Table 1.1 Sample inventory of the surveys

First survey Second survey Third survey

Total sample of three surveys

Location

Type of sample

Object / station

Sample/station

Total of sample

Sample/station

Total of sample

Sample/station

Total of sample Total

TSP 9/8 72 9/8 72 3/3 9 144

PM10 9/8 72 9/8 72 24/3 72 144

CO 9/8 72 9/8 72 8/3 24 144

NOX 9/8 72 9/8 72 144

SOX 9/8 72 9/8 72 3/3 9 144

H2S 9/8 72 9/8 72 144

VOC 9/8 72 9/8 72 144

Air environment

Air

Benzen 9/8 72 9/8 72 144






Location

Type of sample

Object / station

Sample/station

Total of sample

Sample/station

Total of sample

Sample/station


Xylen 9/8 72 9/8 72 144

Noise 9/8 72 15/8 120 -/8 192

Vibration 9/8 72 15/8 120 -/8 192 Noise contour

Noise and vibration

15/21 315 -/21

Temp 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 pH 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 Salinity 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 DO 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 BOD 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 TSS 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 Total N 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 Total P 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 NO2- 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 NO3- 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 NH4+ 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 THC 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 CN- 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 Phenol 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 Metals 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 Zooplankton 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178

Water quality

Phytoplankton 1/12 12 -/34 83 -/34 83 178 THC 3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72 210

Grain size distribution

3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72 210

Metals 3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72 210

Offshore (SPM,

submarine pipeline, shipping chanel)

Sediment

Benthos 3/12 36 3/34 102 3/24 72 210 Temp 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 pH 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 Salinity 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 BOD 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 TSS 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 Total N 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 Total P 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 NH4+ 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 CN- 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44

Refinery, product export,

onshore pipeline

Water quality

Oil & Grease 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44






Location

Type of sample

Object / station

Sample/station

Total of sample

Sample/station

Total of sample

Sample/station


TOC 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44

Benzen 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44

Phenol 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 Metals 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 Coliform 2/9 18 2/11 22 2/2 4 44 Zooplankton 1/9 9 1/11 11 2/2 4 24 Phytoplankton 1/9 9 1/11 11 1/2 4 24 THC 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6 66

Grain size distribution 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6

66 Metals 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6 66

Sediment

Benthos 3/9 27 3/11 33 3/2 6 66 pH 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Mineral Oil and fat

1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14

COD 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Color 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Hardness 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 TDS 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Cl- 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 NH4+ 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 NO3- 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 SO4 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Benzen 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 CN- 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Metals 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Phenol 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 Feacal coli 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14

Ground water

Water quality

Coliform 1/5 5 1/7 7 1/2 2 14 THC 2/8 16 2/9 18 2/1 2 36 TOM 2/8 16 2/9 18 2/1 2 36

Soil environment

Soil

Metals 2/8 16 2/9 18 2/1 2 36




Surveyed parameters are as follows: Seabed sediment samples of offshore area

- Particle size distribution - Hydrocarbons (total oil content, hydrocarbon elements) - Trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, V)

Seabed sediment samples oft onshore and coastal areas

- Particle size distribution - Hydrocarbons (total oil content, hydrocarbon elements) - Trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Fe, Hg)

Benthic samples

- Taxon identification, biomass determination

Surface water samples oft offshore area - On board measuring (DO, pH, Temperature, salinity) - TSS, BOD, COD, Total N, Total P, NH4+, NO3-, NO2-, CN-, THC, Phenol, SO42- (at 7 stations only) - Metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Fe)

Surface water samples oft onshore and coastal areas

- On board measuring (pH, Temperature, salinity) - TSS, BOD, THC, NH4+, SO42-, COD, Total N, Total P, CN-, TOC, Total Oil and grease, Benzene,

Phenol, Coliform - Metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Fe and V for onshore area only)

Ground water samples - pH, Color, Hardness - TDS, COD, SO42-, Cl-, NH4+, CN-, NO3-, Mineral oil and fat, Benzene, Phenol, Coliform, Fecal

coliform. - Metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Cd, Hg, Fe, Mn)

Plankton samples - Taxon identification, biomass determination

Air samples - TSP, PM10, CO, NOx, SOx, H2S, THC, Benzene, Xylene Noise, Vibration

Soil samples - THC - TOM - Metals (Hg, Cd, Zn, Fe, Pb, Cr, Cu)

4.2 Sampling grid The initial sampling grid (see Fig. 1.1), including sampling stations and corresponding locations was designed based on Petrovietnam Guideline for environmental monitoring in the vicinity of onshore petroleum projects.




Table 1.2 Co-ordinates of sampling stations

Station No. Location Y (m) X (m)

B-1 Bang river mouth 582403 2145255 B-2 Bang river 580628 2145943 B-3 Discharging site of project’s surface materials 580881 2142931 B-4 Treated wastewater discharging site of refinery plan 583207 2141610 B-5 Intake cooling water site for refinery plant 583467 2140543 B-6 Cooling water discharging site for refinery plant 583630 2139896 B-7 585726 2136850 B-8 585882 2135532 B-9

Around treated wastewater discharging site of product export berth

586049 2134913 B-10 In the middle area between B1 and B4 582736.2 2143735.6

Surface water, bottom

Sediment and biological

community at received

environment of discharged

effluents

B-11 Close to Nghi Son fishing village 586893.4 2138191.2 K-1 595662 2143171 K-2

Close to crude shipping channel (Me islet) 594440 2139681

K-3 Single point mooring (SPM) 596385 2143282 K-4 Mieng island 595199 2142263

K-7 Sea gate connecting Nghi Son cement jetty to export product berth

586110 2139096

K-8 Close to Nghi Son fishing village (floating fish cage) 585387 2138651 K-9 Turning basin of export product berth 585714 2135279

K-10 586340 2134219 K-11 587569 2132741 K-12

Shipping channel to export product berth 588187 2132357

E-1 585762.76 2143557.49 E-2 588461.64 2144867.48 E-3 592060.14 2146614.13 E-4 595984.88 2148519.14 E-5 610800.35 2150864.72 E-6 619621.00 2152261.20 E-7 610969.00 2147829.16 E-8 623391.97 2147257.12 E-9 613487.41 2144316.58

E-10 623522.01 2141907.16 E-11 605454.85 2145306.70 E-12 615673.93 2141840.15 E-13 621035.21 2153675.41 E-14 624806.18 2148671.33 E-15 624936.22 2143321.37 E-16 622107.80 2140492.95 E-17

Along crude pipeline and 4 SPMs

614259.72 2140425.94

Sediment and surface water at

single point mooring (SPM),

submarine crude oil

pipeline and shipping channel

E-18 Along new access channel 584413.33 2141702.50




Station No. Location Y (m) X (m)

E-19 588911.45 2142585.81 E-20 592509.95 2144332.47 E-21 593863.2 2140144.1 E-22 595216.1 2139207.4 E-23 598120.3 2139050.7 E-24

Around Me archipelago

598088.3 2141721.9 G-1 579714 2139604 G-2

Refinery plant area 581571 2140920

G-3 Along pipeline system 583088 2139762 G-4 Nghi Son fishing village 586212 2135223 G-5 Product export berth 586042 2138253 G-6 At the east of refinery plant near the beach 582102.0 2141271.0

Ground samples

G-7 Refinery plant area 581014.7 2141872.5 D-1 Discharging site of project’s surface materials 580881 2142931 D-2 Future extension 579697 2140014 D-3 579714 2139604 D-4 581571 2140920 D-5


D-6 Along pipeline system 583088 2139762 D-7 Nghi Son fishing village 586212 2135223 D-8 Product export berth 586042 2138253

Soil samples

D-9 Refinery plant area 581014.7 2141872.5 A-1 Populated area near Bang river 581809 2145674 A-2 Populated area of Hai Yen commune 581262 2142614 A-3 581571 2140920 A-4


A-5 School area of Mai Lam commune 582102 2141271 A-6 Along product pipeline system 583085 2139745 A-7 Nghi Son fishing village 586207 2135224

Air samples

A-8 Product export berth 586274 2138406 Grid: UTM Datum: VN2000




Figure 1.1 Sampling Stations of the Survey

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K3

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K6

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K9

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K11

K12

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B2

B3B4

B5

B6

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A6

A7

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G4

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D2D3

D4

D5

D7

D6

D8

Bang RiverBang RiverBang River

Xuoc Mountain

Nghi Son Cement Factory

Submarine crude oil pipeline

Product export pipeline

Liquid product export berths

Tug berths

Berth for construction work and

Berth exist No.1 and No.2

Entrance channel of product export berths Embarkment

Nghi Son island

Crude oil import berth

Bong island Hop island

Goc island

Entrance channel of import berth

Me island

Vang island

Mieng island

Vat island

Tonkin

Gulf

Surface water, sediment and biology sampling stations – Offshore (Total: 12 stations) Surface water, sediment and biology sampling stations – Onshore (Total: 12 stations) Groundwater sampling stations (Total: 05 stations) Air and noise sampling stations (Total: 08 stations) Soil sampling stations (Total: 08 stations)




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Figure 1.2 Original Stations for Noise and Vibration at the Project Area




Figure 1.3 Stations for Noise and Vibration at the Boundary of Plant area

5. ANALYSIS QUALITY CONTROL 5.1 Analysis process control The Quality Management System of the CPSE Laboratory has been established and operated in compliance with the requirements of the International Quality System ISO 9001-2000. The Quality System assures that all services/products supplied by CPSE are always of the highest quality. Storage and preservation of samples and chemicals are carefully controlled. Incoming chemicals are inspected for specifications that are based on the quality standard of chemicals established by CPSE laboratory. Instruments/equipments used in analytical processes are periodically checked and verified so that they are always maintained in good condition. Quality documents are continuously improved and the latest documents are always available to staff during implementing quality control measures. Quality records including analytical data are followed up and controlled carefully. A regular and strict laboratory quality control (QC) program was followed in this project to ensure the highest reliable analytical data. The QC program consists of following factors: Field work information The minimum requirement for on site information recorded during field work is as follows:

Personnel dealing with sampling work and assigned duty Project and sample identification codes Field work itinerary Meteorological observation (on a daily basis)

Joint point of soft pipeline to crude oil

import berth

Border post at Nghi Son Port




Sampling station geographical co-ordinates Sampling date and time Obtained samples description Sampling depth Parameters to be analysed in-situ

Sample storage

Samples are contained in tight containers made of available materials to prevent outside contamination.

Table 1.3 Sample preservation and storage conditions

Parameter Container Preservation Storage

Water samples

Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer

Total Suspended Substances Plastic bottle - Normal

Total Hydrocarbon Content Glass bottle Acidified with H2SO4 1:1 (pH 2) Keep in cool place

Metals Plastic bottle Acidified with concentrated HNO3 (pH 2)

Keep in cool place

Total Nitrogen Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer Ammonia (NH4+) Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer Total Phosphorus Plastic bottle - Keep in freezer

Cl-, SO42- Glass bottle - Keep in cool place (4oC)

Chlorine Glass bottle - Keep in cool place (4oC)

Plankton Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal

Sediment/soil samples Particle size Distribution Plastic bag - Normal Hydrocarbon compositions Glass jar - Keep in freezer Metals Plastic jar - Keep in freezer

Biological Analysis

Benthic fauna Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal Zooplankton Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal Phytoplankton Plastic jar Formalin solution 5% Normal

Air sample

NO2, SO2, H2S Glass tube with tightened cover

- Keep in cool place (4oC)

CO Glass bottle - Normal

Dust Plastic jar - Normal

Analytical procedures All analytical processes applied in the laboratory are the internationally accepted standard methods for environmental analyses:




American Public Health Association, “ Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater”, 19thEd.1995

The analytical processes are adopted and documented as directing working instructions of the laboratory Certification of Operator Competence

All analysts must be trained and qualified prior to implementation analyses or operation of analytical equipment. Analysis of Reagent Blanks

Analyzing reagent blanks whenever new reagents are used and as often as required in specific methods. These monitor the purity of the reagent and the overall procedural blank. Analysis of Duplicates

Analyzing duplicate is performed in order to assess the precision of analysis. The analytical data will be accepted if the divergence of analytical results is within acceptable limits. The precision is assessed by the value of the relative percent difference (R) �of duplicates. If the R-value of duplicates in a sample batch exceeds the acceptable value, the effected samples in this batch must be reanalyzed. Maintenance of control charts

Control charts are essential tools for quality control. Two types of control charts are used in the RDCPSE laboratory: Range and Means charts. A control sample is the sample collected and homogenized from seabed sediment samples. It has been used to control the analytical procedures. Analytical elements, which are quantitatively controlled in this report, are as follows:

Heavy metals

Heavy metals QC samples include duplicate analyses (equal to 10% of the sample batch) and control sample analyses (once a month). The relative percent difference (R-value) associated with the duplication experiments must be less than 30%. The R-values of control sample are used to construct R charts.

Grain size

QC procedure for the grain size analysis involves in analysis of 10% of the sediment samples in duplicate and assessment of variability in the measurements. The relative percent difference for the duplicate analyses is considered to be acceptable if it does not exceed 30%. Mean and R charts are constructed from the R-values of duplicates of control sample.

Hydrocarbon and PAH Analyses

Batches of 10 sediment samples are processed in the laboratory. Each batch is accompanied by procedural blank and duplicate samples. The relative percent difference for the duplicate analyses is acceptable if it meet the requirements of the QC procedure for hydrocarbon and PAH analysis. The R-values of the control sample were used to set up mean and R charts. Experimental instruments are periodically verified for GC/FID and autotuned for GC/MS. The obtained verification values are required to meet the criteria of HP manufacturer. If these criteria are not satisfied, the instruments




shall be corrected. Samples which do not meet these criteria are reviewed by the analyst and the Laboratory Manager prior to acceptance of data.

Total Oil Content (UVF)

Similar to hydrocarbon and PAH analyses, 10% of duplicate and 10% of procedural blanks are analyzed. The relative percent difference for the duplicate analysis is considered to be acceptable if it does not exceed 30%. The RF-1501 instrument used for determination of total oil content is also verified every six months.

Water analysis

Ten percent of duplicates are analyzed for all water physico-chemical analyses. The relative percent differences for the duplicate measurements are considered to be acceptable if they do not exceed 30%.

5.2 Rules of figure representation in summary result table

Analytical results for each station is calculated from those of the corresponding replicates. The result consists of the average value accompanies with its standard deviation. The rule for rounding number of the decimals for each station result is based on significant digits stipulated by its variation coefficient calculated from reproduction of the result.

(*) Relative percent difference

6. SAMPLING AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 6.1 Sampling methods All sampling methods were based on “Guidelines for environmental monitoring in the vicinity of onshore petroleum projects in Vietnam” promulgated by Petrovietnam in July 2006. Sediment sample Seabed sediment was collected using a Day Grab with a sampling area of 0.1 m2. Sediment samples were then sub-sampled into suitable containers for analyses of particle size distribution, metals, hydrocarbons and other analyses. The sediment samples were kept in a freezer at approximately -20oC until analyzed. Grab samples for benthic macro faunal analysis, to be acceptable, must be filled at least two third of the grab volume. Benthic macro faunal samples were screened with a 1.0-mm mesh sieve. The materials retained by the sieve were fixed with 5% stained formalin. Water sample Water samples were collected at 5m depth using a bathometer. Sub samples for metal analysis were fixed by nitric acid and sub samples for oil content analysis were fixed by sulfuric acid.

%100.

2

)( 21

21

XX

XXR




Parameters of DO, pH and Salinity are measured directly in sampling field by Water Quality Checker WQC-A22, TOA, Japan and Oxygen Meter WTW -OXI-196 - Germany. Phytoplankton Fifty liters of water were taken at a depth of 0.5 m and filtered through a net of 25µm mesh. Organisms remaining on the net and bucket were carefully washed and transferred into 250 ml plastic bottles with 5% stained formaline. Zooplankton Zooplankton samples are taken by 80 µm Juday net with flow meter attached for water volume determination. The samples were then carefully washed and transferred into 250 ml plastic bottles with 5% stained formaline. Air samples For NO2, SO2, H2S Absorption of the specified gas present in the air sample by passage through a solution within a specified period resulting in the formation of a mixture of complexes, the solution was then transferred to the laboratory to be analyzed. Desaga gas samplers were used with pre-installed air temperature, volume and pressure control unit. For CO, Suspended particulate matter and Total hydrocarbon A volume of five-hundred milliliters air sample was taken and contained in a glass bottle, 1 ml of PdCl2 1‰ was added then; this mixture of air-chemical was preserved by tightened cover. Suspended particulate matter and lead present in ambient air wereobtained by filter paper. In addition, a volume of at least 250ml was also taken by appropriate gas syringe for total hydrocarbon content determination. All of these samples were then moved to the laboratory for corresponding analyses. Parameters of noise and vibration were measured on-site by Noise and Vibration Integrator-Quest Technologies USA. 6.2 Analytical method 6.2.1 Hydrocarbon Analysis Extraction and fractionation of hydrocarbons The samples were stored in glass bottles at –20oC until extraction and analysis. When being analyzed, the sample was defrosted, homogenized, and sub-sampled for analysis. The exact amount of heptamethylnonane (HMN.), chlorooctadecane (COD.), squalane (Sq.), d8-naphthalene, d10-anthracene, d12-chrysene and d12-pyrene were added to the sediment as internal standards prior to extraction. The sediment sample was extracted with a mixture of petroleum ether and iso-propanol (1:4 v/v) using Soxhlet apparatus. The extract was rinsed by distilled water to reject iso-propanol and determined Total Hydrocarbon Content (THC) by GC method. The extract was cleaned by a silica gel column and then




fractionated by an alumina column. The aliphatic fraction was then analyzed by GC method and the aromatic fraction was analyzed by GC-MS method.

Gas Chromatography

The aliphatic fraction was examined by gas chromatography (GC) under the following conditions:

Instrument : Hewlett Packard 6890 Injector : Grob Split/splitless at 310oC Column : HP1 Part No. 19091Z – 413

Capillary 60m x 250µm x 0.25mm nominal 325oC Max Temperature : 50-280oC at 4oC/min, 280oC for 60 min Detector : Flame ionization Carrier gas : Nitrogen Data handling : HP Chemstation Version 4.2 Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS)

The aromatic fraction was analyzed by GC-MS using a GC-HP 6890 and MS-HP 5972A under the following conditions:

Column : HP5MS part No.19091S-433 Capillary 60m x 0.25mm x 0.25µm film thickness Injector : Split/splitless at 300oC Temperature : 50oC for 3 min. then 50oC –100oC at 20oC/min. 100o-280oC at 4oC/min 280oC for 50 min. Carrier gas : Helium Ion source : 280oC Electron energy : 70eV MS mode : SIM (Selected Ion Monitoring) 6.2.2 Metal Analysis Sample preparation

For almost metals (except mercury)

Field moist sample were stored in a freezer, then defrosted and homogenized. Approximately 25g of field moist sample was taken and oven-dried at temperature below 100oC until dry. The sample was then finely ground to at least 99% passing through 125µm sieve. After thoroughly mixing, a sub sample of approximately 0.3 g (to the nearest 0.001 g) of ground sample was taken for digestion. The sub sample was dissolved with a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and hydrofluoric acid. The dissolved sample solution was heated at approx. 200oC to remove the overused acids. Finally, it was filtered and made up to 25 ml with distilled water for AAS analysis.

For mercury

A sub sample of approximately 1.5 g (to the nearest 0.001 g) was taken after thoroughly ground and mixed as described above. The sub sample was digested by a mixture of concentrated nitric acid and perchloric acid at temperature below 80oC until the reactions completed. Then the dissolved sample solution was filtered and made up to 25 ml with distilled water.




AAS analysis The normal metal (except for mercury) analysis was performed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) using an automated Shimadzu AA-6501S Spectrophotometer in the flame mode by calibration standard method with appropriate wavelengths. The mercury analysis was determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry with cold vapor technique. Polarography Analysis

Some trace metals in seawater (Cu, Pb, Cd, Zn) were analyzed by differential pulse polarography using Polarographic Analyzer CPA-HH1. 6.2.3 Sediment Grain Size Distribution Grain size has been expressed using the phi (Φ) scale where Φ = -log2d (d means diameter of the particle in mm). Grain size distribution of the sediments was analyzed by a combination of wet and dry sieving (Buchanan, 1984) for particles larger than 4Φ (63 µm) in diameter and by particle size laser instrument for material smaller than 4Φ. Sample pre-treatment

Approximately 100 g sediment sample was treated by hydrogen peroxide for removing the organic matter. After that, the sample was wet-sieved on a 63µm (4Φ) mesh sieve to separate sample into two fractions, coarse fraction and fine fraction.

Particles larger than 4 Φ

The fraction coarser than 4Φ was dried to constant weight at 105oC. After drying the sample was sieved, with mesh size of sieves ranging from -1Φ to 4Φ at 1 Φ intervals. The sieves were automatically shaken by a “Fritsch Analysette 3” shaker (Germany) for ten minutes, and then the fractions retained at each size-class were collected and weighed to the nearest 0.0001g.

Particles smaller than 4 Φ

This fraction was graduated to 1000ml with distilled water, pipetted 25 ml then dried at 105oC and weighed for determining the weight of this fraction. The distribution of 6 size-classes (from 5Φ to 10Φ) in this fraction was determined using a Fritsch Analysette 22 Laser Particle Sizer (Germany).

Data analysis

The data from the sieving and laser method were combined and analyzed by a computerized ‘Moment’ method. The ‘Moment’ measures the grain size distribution in terms of phi mean, phi standard deviation, phi skewness and phi kurtosis. This method has the advantage over graphical techniques in that all of distribution data are used in computation and not just a few points on the cumulative curve.




6.2.4 Benthic Macro fauna Analysis

Analysis for each sample in the whole sample batch was separately performed. The results were presented in the report as detailed figures for each sample as well as combined results from 5 grabs of samples at each station. Each sample was washed on a 1mm-mesh sieve in order to remove preservative and any remaining fine sediment. All animals in the retained material were picked out under bright light. The organisms were identified to the lowest practicable taxon and counted where appropriate. Colonial organisms (e.g. hydroids and bryozoans), attached epifaunal taxa (e.g. barnacles) and foraminiferans were recorded for qualitative purpose only. The pooled data for each station were subjected to the following analyses: Calculation of diversity and dominance indices These combine and summarize, in a single value, two important aspects of community structure; firstly species or taxon richness and secondly the comparative abundance of each taxon (evenness or equability). For each station, three indices commonly used in macro benthic studies were calculated: Shannon-Wiener information function, H(s)

Where C = 3.321928 (constant used in converting log10 to log2) N = the total number of individual ni = the number of individuals in the ‘ith’ species s = the total number of species

Pielou’s evenness index, J

Where H(s) = the Shannon-Wiener information function H(max) = the theoretical maximum value for H(s) if all species in the sample are equally abundant.

Expected number of species in a rarefied sample ESI

Where: ESI Expected number of species in a sample of I individuals

S Total number of species in original sample I Total number of individuals in hypothetical sample Ic Total number of individuals in original sample Ij Number of individuals in species j of original sample

H(s) = Nlog10N - nilog10ni s

i = 1

C

N

H(max.) J =

H(s)

ESI = S - (Ic) -1

I

(Ic-Ij)

I

s

. i=1




6.2.5 Water parameters Total suspended solids

A quantity of 500 ml of sample is filtered through a 0.45 µm filter paper. The residue retained on the filter paper is dried to constant weight at 103 – 105oC. The increase of weight of the filter paper represents total suspended solids in water. Total hydrocarbon content

A water sample is extracted by dichloromethane and the total hydrocarbon content is determined by UVF technique using Bach Ho standard oil. Metals

Certain trace metals in water (Cu, Pb, Zn and Cd) are identified by differential pulse polarography using Polarographic Analyzer CPA-HH1. Other metals are identified by the AAS method. Total Nitrogen Analysis

A 20 ml test water sample is taken into a 50 ml digestion flask. The sample is then added 10 ml of the K2S2O8 solution and digested in an autoclave at 110oC for 20 minutes to convert total nitrogen composition to anion NO3-. The solution is then transferred to a 100 ml volumetric flask. The digestion flask is then washed with distilled water and the flask is filled with this water. After dilution the solution is used for determination of nitrate using cadmium reductor column, nitrate is reduced to nitrite. In the determination of nitrite 2ml reagent mixture is used which consists of N-(1-naphthyl)-ethylenediamine dihydrochloride. After 20 minutes of reaction, the solution is measured its absorbance at wave length of 543 nm using spectrophotometer Shimazdu UV-1201. Total Phosphorus Analysis

Pour 25 ml of sample into a 100 ml digestion flask. 5 ml of the K2S2O8 solution is then added to the sample and digested in an autoclave at 120oC for 30 minutes to convert phosphorus to PO43-. Transfer the solution to a 50 ml volumetric flask. In the determination of phosphate 8ml reagent mixture is used which consists of H2SO4, (NH4)2MoO4, ascorbic acid and Antimonyl potassium tartrate. After 30 minutes of reaction the solution is measured its absorbance at 882 nm by Spectrophotometer Shimazdu UV-1201. Ammonium analysis

The sample is pretreated with ZnSO4 prior to direct Nesslerization. Pour 20 ml of pretreated sample into 50ml flask. The N-NH4+ is determined by reacting with Nessler reagent which consists of HgCl2, KI, NaOH to form a yellow complex. Add 2ml of Nessler reagent and fill this into the volumetric flask. After 20 minutes of reaction the solution is measured its absorbance at wave length of 425 nm using spectrophotometer Shimazu UV-1201. Biochemical oxygen demand analysis The biochemical oxygen demand is determined by measuring of initial dissolved oxygen (DO) of the sample and the final DO after a 5 days period of incubation.




Phenol Analysis

Phenols were distilled from non-volatile impurities. Because the volatilisation of phenols was gradual, the distillate volume must be ultimately equal that of the original sample. Steam- distillable phenols react with 4-amino antipyrine at pH 7.9 0.1 in the presence of potassium ferricyanide to form a colored antipyrine. This dye was then extracted from the aqueous solution with CHCl3 and the absorbance was measured at 460nm. Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD)

COD was analysed following the Reflux method. A pre-determined amount of sample was oxidized by a boiling mixture of an excess amount of Potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4). After 2 hours digestion, the remaining K2Cr2O7 was titrated by ferrous ammonium sulfate (Fe(NH4)2(SO4)2) with O. Phenanthrolene as indicator. The amount of oxidizable organic matter was calculated in terms of oxygen equivalent. Dissolved solids

The sample is then filtered through a 0.45 µm filter paper to reject total suspended solid. Pipette an exact amount of sample in to beaker, the sample is evaporated to dryness in a weighed beaker and dried to constant weight at 105oC. The increase of weight of the beaker represents the total dissolved solids in water.

Coliform

Coliform was determined according to MPN (Most Probable Number) method, using Lactose broth medium in guessing phase and Brilliant Green Lactose Bile Broth in defining phase. Both of guessing and defining phase used the same regime of incubation at 35oC in 48 hours. Chlorides

Chloride was determined in a neutral or slightly alkaline solution by titration with silver nitrate. The end point of titration was indicated by potassium chromate, which form a red silver chromate precipitation after all chloride was precipitated as silver chloride. Cyanide Analysis

Cyanide content was analyzed by the Centre of Analytical Services and Experimentation according to TCVN 6181-96 method. Total mineral oil and grease

The samples were extracted by Dichloromethane before being measured by UVF technique with the instrument Spectrofluorometer RF-1501 (Shimadzu – Japan). The DO crude oil was used to establish the calibration curve. Zooplankton analysis

A water sample used to identify zooplankton is poured on counting disk, The organisms are then counted and identified to the lowest taxa by spectroscope.




Phytoplankton analysis

A water sample used to identify phytoplankton is condensed by decantation; organisms are then counted in count cell and identified to the lowest taxa by spectroscope. Water Quality Measurement

Temperature, pH, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) were measured in-situ by TOA water quality checker WQC A-22. 6.2.6 Air quality parameters For the parameters of NO2, SO2, H2S

The absorbent solutions are treated by specified chemical reagents to form coloured solutions. The content of such gases in ambient air are determined by colorimetry method. For CO parameter

The sample in the glass bottle is treated with a specified reagent to form a coloured solution, CO content is also determined by colorimetry method.

Dust content (or Suspended Particles Mater- SPM) in ambient air is determined by gravimetric method, divergence between the weight of filter paper after sampling and that of before sampling is the weight of the dust sample.

Gas chromatography (GC) is used to analyze Total hydrocarbon content in ambient air. 7. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 7.1 Offshore area 7.1.1 Characteristics of seabed sediment Grain size distribution in seabed sediment

The grain size distribution in the seabed sediment is summarized in Tables 1.4 and 1.5. A visual description of surface sediment and sampling time are detailed in Appendix A – Survey log.

Table 1.4 Summary results of grain size parameters in sediment sample – Dry season (Feb. 2009)

STATION MEAN

PHI

STANDARD DEVIATION

(PHI) SKEW-NESS

KUR-TOSIS

% COARS

E

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

K-1 0.44 1.92 1.07 5.26 39.92 3.34 Moderate Coarse Sand

There were shell fragments and pebble in the sediment. Sediment was sand.

K-2 0.15 1.91 1.30 5.66 48.07 3.07 Moderate Coarse Sand There were shell fragments and pebble in the




STATION MEAN

PHI

STANDARD DEVIATION

(PHI) SKEW-NESS

KUR-TOSIS

% COARS

E

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

sediment. Sediment was sand.

K-3 3.07 3.50 -0.24 1.65 9.94 38.38 Extremely Poor

Very fine sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and little sand.

K-4 3.14 2.67 -0.38 2.25 1.64 65.73 Very Poor Very fine sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

E-1 3.21 1.40 -0.17 8.91 2.49 6.75 Good Very Fine Sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of sand and a little mud.

E-2 4.15 2.72 -0.24 2.77 7.59 46.65 Very Poor Coarse Silt


E-3 3.37 2.99 -0.05 2.27 14.63 39.05 Very Poor Very Fine Sand


E-4 3.15 3.05 0.06 2.19 16.44 35.16 Extremely Poor

Very Fine Sand


E-5 2.67 2.71 0.60 2.82 10.01 24.82 Very Poor Fine Sand


E-6 2.57 2.98 0.51 2.42 15.03 27.39 Very Poor Fine Sand


E-7 0.40 1.48 1.29 8.43 23.27 1.95 Good Coarse Sand


E-8 3.36 2.72 0.44 2.39 3.49 33.17 Very Poor Very Fine Sand


E-9 0.74 1.47 0.91 7.47 17.73 1.94 Good Coarse Sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and clay.





E-12 2.90 2.16 0.92 4.36 4.11 17.93 Poor Fine Sand There were shell




STATION MEAN

PHI

STANDARD DEVIATION

(PHI) SKEW-NESS

KUR-TOSIS

% COARS

E

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and clay.

E-13 2.63 3.38 0.35 1.87 22.52 35.60 Extremely Poor Fine Sand








E-17 4.19 2.74 0.15 2.02 2.54 46.87 Very Poor Coarse Silt


E-18 3.74 0.95 3.28 15.69 0.00 10.62 Very Good Very Fine Sand



There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was pasty.


There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was pasty.

E-21 1.77 3.43 0.71 2.13 36.07 27.89 Extremely

Poor Medium

Sand


E-22 2.93 3.28 0.27 1.83 15.72 38.43 Extremely Poor Fine Sand


E-23 6.06 1.96 -0.49 3.25 0.32 83.26 Moderate Fine Silt


E-24 0.84 2.43 1.30 4.70 33.57 9.03 Poor Coarse Sand

There were shell fragments and pebbles in the sediment. Sediment was sand.




Table 1.5 Summary results of grain size parameters in sediment sample – Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)

Station Mean phi

Standard deviation

(phi)

Skew-ness

Kur-tosis

% Coarse

% Fines

Sorting index

Sediment type

Visual Description

K-1 -0.05 2.34 2.35 7.98 45.82 8.57 Poor Coarse Sand

There were shell fragments and pebble in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of sand and a little mud.

K-2 2.38 2.41 1.05 3.92 6.64 18.07 Poor Fine Sand


K-3 2.17 2.90 0.77 2.86 16.65 21.86 Very Poor Fine Sand


K-4 2.38 3.77 0.49 1.63 24.95 38.32 Extremely Poor

Fine Sand


E-1 3.54 1.69 0.33 6.48 2.61 16.07 Moderate Very Fine

Sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was silt.

E-2 4.64 2.25 -0.11 3.37 2.33 53.84 Poor Coarse Silt





There were shell fragments in the sediment Sediment was a mixture of mud and clay.

E-5 2.75 2.74 0.60 2.74 8.26 26.03 Very Poor Fine Sand There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was silt.

E-6 4.90 2.68 -0.24 2.18 1.82 60.59 Very Poor Coarse

Silt

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud clay.

E-7 1.45 2.73 1.06 3.49 21.05 15.42 Very Poor Medium Sand


E-8 3.43 3.50 0.01 1.71 16.67 45.00 Extremely Poor

Very Fine Sand


E-9 1.53 2.81 1.01 3.31 21.60 16.73 Very Poor Medium

Sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was sand.

E-10 4.57 2.72 0.08 1.96 1.01 51.10 Very Poor Coarse

Silt


E-11 2.64 2.23 1.33 4.12 1.75 19.94 Poor Fine Sand


E-12 3.26 3.28 0.24 1.91 11.16 39.05 Extremely Poor

Very Fine Sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of sand and mud.






Station Mean phi

Standard deviation

(phi)

Skew-ness

Kur-tosis

% Coarse

% Fines

Sorting index

Sediment type

Visual Description

E-14 5.29 2.65 -0.42 2.37 1.55 66.69 Very Poor Medium Silt






E-17 4.32 3.03 -0.09 2.01 5.82 50.85 Extremely Poor

Coarse Silt

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and sand.

E-18 4.06 1.30 2.33 7.82 0.00 21.28 Good Coarse

Silt


E-19 2.93 3.01 0.24 2.21 12.07 29.73 Extremely Poor

Fine Sand


E-20 3.81 2.69 0.19 2.46 4.95 38.62 Very Poor Very fine Sand


E-21 3.88 3.52 -0.18 1.66 13.97 53.59 Extremely Poor

Very fine Sand


E-22 3.31 3.80 0.04 1.45 20.94 48.87 Extremely Poor

Very fine Sand




E-24 1.24 2.87 1.18 3.52 24.67 15.69 Very Poor Medium Sand

There were shell fragments and pebbles in the sediment. Sediment was sand.

The seabed sediments at studied areas are fairly different from station to station due differences in geological and topography characteristics. The seabed sediments at all sampling stations are classified from medium silt to coarse sand. Mean phi ranges in a wide range (from -0.05 to 6.40 in rainy season and from 0.15 to 6.39 in dry season). The sediment tends to be coarser, especially the sediment at stations K1, K2, E21 and E24 lying at Hon Me island. Sediment at these stations contained a lot of hard rock and was classified as coarse sand and medium sand.

At stations K1 to K4, E6, E7, E9, E12, E14 and E23, mean phi and fine content values are significantly different between the rainy and dry season. This may be due to the fact that the geological characteristics at Nghi Son gulf are not homogeneous.




‐1.00

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

K‐1 K‐2 K‐3 K‐4 E‐2 E‐3 E‐4 E‐5 E‐6 E‐7 E‐8 E‐9 E‐10 E‐11 E‐12 E‐13 E‐14 E‐15 E‐16 E‐17 E‐19 E‐20 E‐21 E‐22 E‐23 E‐24

Mean phi

Station

Mean phi‐Dry season

Mean phi‐Rainy season

Figure 1.4 Variation of mean phi in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00


%Fines

Station

%Fines‐Dry season

%Fines‐Rainy season

Figure 1.5 Variation of fine content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area Hydrocarbons in sediment The analytical results of hydrocarbon composition are summarized in Tables 1.6 and 1.7.

Table 1.6 Summary results of hydrocarbon compositions on sediment sample – Dry season (Feb. 2009)

(Average values for each station-g/g)

Station UCM ∑n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /∑n-C13-35 THC

K-1 0.9 0.2 2 1.3 5 1

K-2 1.4 0.3 2 0.6 5 2

K-3 2.8 1.1 5 1.6 3 5

K-4 2.7 0.8 4 1.5 3 5

E-1 1 0.3 1.6 0.6 6 2 E-2 3 0.8 3.7 1.2 4 4 E-3 3 0.8 2.4 0.9 3 6





E-4 3 0.8 3.5 1.4 3 4 E-5 2 0.4 2.7 0.6 5 3 E-6 1 0.4 4.1 2.6 4 2 E-7 1 0.2 1.4 1.0 8 1 E-8 1 0.3 2.2 1.0 3 2 E-9 0 0.2 1.1 1.1 3 1

E-10 1 0.3 2.5 1.0 4 2 E-11 1 0.4 3.0 1.1 3 2 E-12 1 0.3 2.2 1.1 4 2 E-13 1 0.4 3.9 1.6 3 2 E-14 1 0.3 1.9 0.6 4 2 E-15 1 0.3 2.4 0.8 4 2 E-16 2 0.4 2.3 0.7 4 2 E-17 2 0.7 4.1 1.5 3 3 E-18 1 0.3 1.5 1.1 5 2 E-19 2 0.5 3.1 1.4 3 2 E-20 2 0.5 2.9 1.0 3 2 E-21 2 0.5 3.5 1.3 3 3 E-22 3 0.6 2.8 1.3 5 4 E-23 3 0.8 3.1 1.6 4 5 E-24 1 0.3 1.9 0.7 4 2

Table 1.7 Summary results of hydrocarbon compositions on sediment sample –

Rainy season (Aug. 2008 and June, 2009)


K-1 2 0.3 1.8 1.2 6 3 K-2 2 0.4 1.6 0.5 5 3 K-3 2 0.3 3.0 1.4 5 3 K-4 3 0.5 4.1 2.1 6 5 E-1 2 0.4 3 2.1 5 3 E-2 3 0.6 5 2.3 5 5 E-3 2 0.4 4 2.1 4 3 E-4 1 0.4 4 1.8 3 2 E-5 1 0.3 3 1.8 5 2 E-6 2 0.4 3 1.0 4 3 E-7 1 0.4 4 1.8 3 2 E-8 2 0.4 3 2.1 4 3 E-9 1 0.3 3 1.6 3 2

E-10 2 0.4 3 1.5 4 2





E-11 1 0.1 1 0.9 9 2 E-12 9 0.6 1 0.1 16 13 E-13 2 0.4 3 1.7 4 3 E-14 2 0.5 3 1.0 5 5 E-15 2 0.4 3 10.4 5 4 E-16 2 0.3 2 1.0 5 3 E-17 3 0.5 3 0.6 6 5 E-18 2 0.4 1 0.6 6 3 E-19 2 0.5 3 0.5 5 4 E-20 2 0.5 3 0.7 4 3 E-21 3 0.7 3 0.7 4 4 E-22 2 0.4 3 1.6 6 4 E-23 3 0.4 3 1.8 7 4 E-24 2 0.4 4 1.1 5 3

Hydrocarbon constituents and other organic matters in sediment exist in dynamic equilibrium including two discrepant physic-chemical processes: (i) accumulation of settled hydrocarbon into sediment from the water and/or hydrocarbon from the earth’s womb; (ii) biodegradation and/or diffusion of hydrocarbon from the sediment into water. These active processes are impacted by a variety of environmental condition (temperature, current, sediment characteristics etc.) as well as human activities (drilling activities, waste discharge, etc). As a consequence, content of hydrocarbon constituents in sediment can vary over the time. THC values at offshore sampling stations vary in a narrow range in both of rainy and dry seasons (from 1 to 6 µg/g in dry season and from 2 to 13 in rainy season). Similar to grain size distribution, THC values at stations K3, E3, E4, E8, E9, E12, E14, E15 and E24 greatly differ from season to season. It is evident that, THC and metals values seem to be higher where the sediment is finer. All CPI values (Carbon Preference Index) are higher than 1 in both the rainy and dry seasons. This corresponds to odd chain length n-alkanes predominating in comparison with even chain lengths. This is a feature of the hydrocarbon distributions found in plants and other biologic compounds. Non-petrogenic hydrocarbons contribute a given proportion in the total hydrocarbon compositions.




0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


THC

Station

THC‐Dry season

THC‐Rainy season

Figure 1.6 Variation of THC content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area Metals in sediment Analytical results of metals in sediment are summarized in Tables 1.8 and 1.9.

Table 1.8 Summary results of metals in sediment samples – Dry season (Feb. 2009)


Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g) V (µg/g)

Hg (µg/g)

K-1 7.4 24 38 < 1 10 < 63 0.047 K-2 14 20 41 < 1 13 < 63 0.037 K-3 30 17 83 < 1 60 < 63 0.063 K-4 34 22 88 < 1 59 < 63 0.056 E-1 10 <6 52 < 1 38 < 63 <0.02 E-2 22 9.1 62 < 1 44 < 63 0.048 E-3 30 31 83 < 1 50 < 63 0.10 E-4 25 25 80 < 1 48 < 63 0.08 E-5 16 23 72 < 1 39 < 63 0.038 E-6 20 27 73 < 1 46 < 63 0.059

E-7 8.3 15 42 < 1 16 < 63 0.072

E-8 21 22 78 < 1 50 < 63 0.16

E-9 7.4 18 41 < 1 16 < 63 0.18

E-10 21 23 76 < 1 47 < 63 0.12

E-11 27 30 90 < 1 49 < 63 0.13

E-12 20 30 71 < 1 39 < 63 0.17

E-13 30 34 90 < 1 53 < 63 0.15

E-14 24 24 85 < 1 51 < 63 0.13

E-15 24 23 82 < 1 58 < 63 0.13

E-16 26 28 85 < 1 58 < 63 0.15

E-17 33 37 91 < 1 56 < 63 0.15

E-18 10 17 60 < 1 42 < 63 0.17




Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g) V (µg/g)

Hg (µg/g)

E-19 22 23 68 < 1 48 < 63 0.16

E-20 24 26 70 < 1 49 < 63 0.15

E-21 33 42 89 < 1 56 < 63 0.13

E-22 33 40 90 < 1 59 < 63 0.13

E-23 37 36 92 < 1 60 < 63 0.21

E-24 7.8 14 41 < 1 11 <63 0.13

Table 1.9 Summary results of metals in sediment samples – Rainy season (Aug, 2008 and June, 2009)


Station Cu

(µg/g) Pb

(µg/g) Zn

(µg/g) Cd

(µg/g) Cr

(µg/g) V

(µg/g) Hg

(µg/g) K-1 11 25 52 < 1 27 < 63 0.072

K-2 20 28 57 < 1 46 < 63 0.061

K-3 30 46 66 < 1 66 < 63 0.069

K-4 35 39 71 < 1 73 < 63 0.076

E-1 9.3 14 58 < 1 40 < 63 0.076

E-2 21 24 73 < 1 50 < 63 0.071

E-3 21 20 73 < 1 49 < 63 0.093

E-4 21 21 70 < 1 47 < 63 0.077

E-5 18 23 71 < 1 48 < 63 0.056

E-6 27 33 88 < 1 54 < 63 0.048

E-7 18 29 69 < 1 47 < 63 0.061

E-8 31 32 95 < 1 58 < 63 0.075

E-9 27 31 85 < 1 48 < 63 0.094

E-10 24 31 80 < 1 50 < 63 0.070

E-11 11 35 51 < 1 23 < 63 0.048

E-12 29 31 88 < 1 48 < 63 0.072

E-13 26 30 85 < 1 49 < 63 0.085

E-14 26 34 84 < 1 49 < 63 0.061




Station Cu

(µg/g) Pb

(µg/g) Zn

(µg/g) Cd

(µg/g) Cr

(µg/g) V

(µg/g) Hg

(µg/g) E-15 24 35 92 < 1 60 < 63 0.066

E-16 22 32 82 < 1 56 < 63 0.077

E-17 30 35 99 < 1 63 < 63 0.116

E-18 8.9 17 51 < 1 33 < 63 0.027

E-19 19 26 71 < 1 46 < 63 0.067

E-20 30 36 89 < 1 48 < 63 0.063

E-21 33 40 101 < 1 54 < 63 0.087

E-22 26 33 77 < 1 43 < 63 0.080

E-23 25 35 78 < 1 44 < 63 0.093

E-24 27 35 79 < 1 45 < 63 0.086

Metals select to be analyzed in both the dry and rainy season surveys are Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, V and Hg. Among those metals, Cd and V are found at lower levels than the detection limit of the AAS method. In the dry season, there are tight favorable correlations between some metals and THC, fines content, mean phi. At stations E7, E9 and E24 there is noticeable variation in content of the rest metals (Cu, Pb, Zn, Cr and Hg) between the rainy and dry season. At other stations, these values change in a narrow range between stations as well as between seasons.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Cu (µg/g)

Station

Cu‐Dry season

Cu‐Rainy season

Figure 1.7 Variation of Cu content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50


Pb (µg/g)

Station

Pb‐Dry season

Pb‐Rainy season

Figure 1.8 Variation of Pb content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

0

20

40

60

80

100

120


Zn (µg/g)

Station

Zn‐Dry season

Zn‐Rainy season

Figure 1.9 Variation of Zn content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80


Cr (µg/g)

Station

Cr‐Dry season

Cr‐Rainy season

Figure 1.10 Variation of Cr content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area




0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250


Hg (µg/g)

Station

Hg‐Dry season

Hg‐Rainy season

Figure 1.11 Variation of Hg content in rainy and dry seasons at offshore area 7.1.2 Characteristic of macrobenthic community

The summary results of the macrobenthos community at offshore stations are presented in Table 1.10 and Figures 1.12 to 1.17. The detailed results are shown in Appendix B.

Table 1.10 The parameters of macrobenthos community at offshore stations in rainy season and dry season

Station Taxon quantity

(taxa/0.3m2) Density (ind./m2) Biomass (g/m2) H(s) J C

Season Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy Dry Rainy

K1 28 43 493 600 4.77 11.69 2.50 3.98 0.52 0.73 0.42 0.15

K2 44 56 650 530 8.59 5.74 2.88 5.31 0.53 0.92 0.39 0.04

K3 54 60 403 557 14.02 8.75 5.18 5.26 0.90 0.89 0.05 0.04

K4 42 59 247 727 26.55 12.43 5.04 5.26 0.94 0.89 0.04 0.04

E2 46 63 1197 1663 74.48 78.57 3.12 4.78 0.56 0.80 0.29 0.07

E3 61 59 1087 957 31.53 49.47 4.66 4.83 0.79 0.82 0.07 0.06

E4 75 63 1187 777 35.00 30.60 4.61 5.27 0.74 0.88 0.09 0.04

E5 70 56 727 460 20.04 30.34 5.23 5.35 0.85 0.92 0.05 0.03

E6 68 33 597 360 29.70 9.15 5.33 3.95 0.88 0.78 0.05 0.13

E7 28 55 300 347 4.09 16.34 4.12 5.47 0.86 0.95 0.08 0.03

E8 29 18 153 93 1.48 2.39 4.54 4.04 0.94 0.97 0.06 0.07

E9 46 36 370 287 7.06 6.85 5.13 4.80 0.93 0.93 0.04 0.05

E10 23 41 137 227 1.49 8.43 4.23 4.96 0.93 0.93 0.07 0.05

E11 35 56 197 537 4.75 16.95 4.88 5.02 0.95 0.86 0.04 0.05

E12 71 45 920 373 33.27 8.34 4.97 4.99 0.81 0.91 0.06 0.04

E13 49 27 337 120 21.37 4.88 5.18 4.61 0.92 0.97 0.04 0.05

E14 25 31 90 157 11.93 7.29 4.61 4.72 0.99 0.95 0.04 0.05

E15 27 33 117 190 7.27 2.17 4.63 4.71 0.97 0.93 0.04 0.05






E16 25 30 107 130 1.54 3.19 4.54 4.80 0.98 0.98 0.05 0.04

E17 49 37 273 210 18.79 6.21 5.42 4.81 0.96 0.92 0.03 0.05

E19 57 61 447 1353 7.27 48.93 5.04 4.07 0.86 0.69 0.05 0.16

E20 66 49 637 757 25.55 33.91 5.35 4.72 0.89 0.84 0.04 0.06

E21 61 66 360 573 9.92 17.14 5.64 5.68 0.95 0.94 0.02 0.05

E22 64 67 573 587 34.32 27.48 5.29 5.67 0.88 0.94 0.05 0.03

E23 37 61 333 417 5.76 9.42 3.89 5.55 0.75 0.94 0.18 0.03

E24 42 57 543 340 7.38 9.21 2.95 5.63 0.55 0.97 0.38 0.02

Average 47 49 480 513 17.23 17.92 4.58 4.93 0.84 0.89 0.10 0.06

Max 75 67 1197 1663 74.48 78.57 5.64 5.68 0.99 0.98 0.42 0.16

Min 23 18 90 93 1.48 2.17 2.50 3.95 0.52 0.69 0.02 0.02

Some community parameters such as density and biomass also fluctuate strongly among stations as well as between seasons. Almost all remaining parameters (except biomass and density) are similar between seasons and their values are within reasonable levels.

At stations E2, E3 and E4 density and biomass are strongly increased mainly based on the strong development some species of Mollusca and Echinodermata groups. It is likely that, at these stations, the environmental conditions are suitable for the dominant developing of species shown in Figure 1.12; 1.13; 1.14 and 1.15.

Regarding overall composition, there are 4 groups including Polychaeta, Crustacean, Mollusca and Echinodermata in which, Polychaeta took the largest portion of taxon quantity, with Crustacean, Mollusca and Echinodermata following. Composition in terms of density as well as biomass varies greatly among stations. An un-similar structure in terms of density and biomass of the macrobenthos community was evident; partly reflecting the difference in living conditions of sediment among the stations (Figure 1.12 to 1.17).

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

K1

K2

K3

K4 E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7

E8

E9

E10

E11

E12

E13

E14

E15

E16

E17

E19

E20

E21

E22

E23

E24

Station

Num

ber

of t

axon

CR EC MO PO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

K1

K2

K3

K4 E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7

E8

E9

E10

E11

E12

E13

E14

E15

E16

E17

E19

E20

E21

E22

E23

E24

Station

Num

ber

of t

axon

CR EC MO PO

Figure 1.12 Taxon composition of each macrobenthic group on dry season

Figure 1.13 Taxon composition of each macrobenthic group on rainy season




7.1.3 Physical - chemical characteristics of Surface water The sea water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.11 to 1.13.

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

K1

K2

K3

K4 E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7

E8

E9

E10

E11

E12

E13

E14

E15

E16

E17

E19

E20

E21

E22

E23

E24

Station

Sinh

khố

i (g/

m2 )

CR EC MO PO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

K1

K2

K3

K4 E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7

E8

E9

E10

E11

E12

E13

E14

E15

E16

E17

E19

E20

E21

E22

E23

E24

Station

Sinh

khố

i (g/

m2 )

CR EC MO PO

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

K1

K2

K3

K4 E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7

E8

E9

E10

E11

E12

E13

E14

E15

E16

E17

E19

E20

E21

E22

E23

E24

Station

Den

sity

(Ind

./m2 )

CR EC MO PO

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

K1

K2

K3

K4 E2

E3

E4

E5

E6

E7

E8

E9

E10

E11

E12

E13

E14

E15

E16

E17

E19

E20

E21

E22

E23

E24

StationD

ensi

ty (I

nd./m

2 )

CR EC MO PO

Figure 1.14 Density composition of each macrobenthic group on dry season

Figure 1.15 Density composition of each macrobenthic group on rainy season

Figure 1.16 Biomass composition of each macrobenthic group on dry season

Figure 1.17 Biomass composition of each macrobenthic group on rainy season




Table 1.11 Analytical results of physical characteristics of seawater – Dry season (February, 2009)

In-situ measurement No. Samples

pH DO (mg/l) Salinity (‰) Temp. (oC)

1 E - 1.1 7.7 5.6 33 25 2 E - 1.2 7.6 5.8 33 25

Average 7.7 5.7 33 25 3 E - 2.1 7.8 5.9 33 25 4 E - 2.2 7.7 5.9 32 25

Average 7.8 5.9 32 25 5 E - 3.1 7.7 5.7 31 25 6 E - 3.2 7.6 5.8 33 24

Average 7.7 5.8 32 25 7 E - 4.1 7.6 5.8 32 24 8 E - 4.2 7.5 5.6 32 24 9 E - 4.3 7.7 5.3 33 24

Average 7.6 5.6 32 24 10 E - 5.1 7.7 5.8 32 25 11 E - 5.2 7.8 5.6 32 25 12 E - 5.3 7.6 5.1 33 25

Average 7.7 5.5 32 25 13 E - 6.1 7.6 5.9 32 25 14 E - 6.2 7.8 5.4 31 25 15 E - 6.3 7.6 5.2 31 25

Average 7.7 5.4 31 25 16 E - 7.1 7.8 5.8 32 25 17 E - 7.2 7.6 5.5 32 25 18 E - 7.3 7.8 5.2 31 25

Average 7.7 5.4 32 25 19 E - 8.1 7.6 5.7 31 23 20 E - 8.2 7.5 5.4 32 22 21 E - 8.3 7.7 5.1 32 22

Average 7.6 5.4 32 22 22 E - 9.1 7.8 5.9 32 25 23 E - 9.2 7.8 5.7 32 25 24 E - 9.3 7.6 5.2 33 24

Average 7.7 5.6 32 24 25 E - 10.1 7.7 6.0 32 25 26 E - 10.2 7.5 5.6 32 25 27 E - 10.3 7.8 5.2 33 24

Average 7.7 5.6 32 25 28 E - 11.1 7.8 5.9 32 25 29 E - 11.2 7.8 5.6 32 25 30 E - 11.3 7.7 5.2 32 25






Average 7.8 5.4 32 25 31 E - 12.1 7.6 5.8 31 25 32 E - 12.2 7.5 5.6 32 24 33 E - 12.3 7.6 5.0 33 24

Average 7.6 5.5 32 24 34 E - 13.1 7.5 5.8 33 25 35 E - 13.2 7.5 5.7 32 25 36 E - 13.3 7.6 5.3 33 25

Average 7.5 5.6 33 25 37 E - 14.1 7.7 5.8 32 23 38 E - 14.2 7.5 5.6 33 23 39 E - 14.3 7.8 5.3 33 23

Average 7.7 5.6 33 23 40 E - 15.1 7.7 5.9 33 23 41 E - 15.2 7.6 5.7 31 23 42 E - 15.3 7.7 5.3 32 23

Average 7.7 5.6 32 23 43 E - 16.1 7.8 5.8 33 24 44 E - 16.2 7.8 5.7 32 24 45 E - 16.3 7.6 5.2 33 24

Average 7.7 5.6 33 24 46 E - 17.1 7.7 5.9 32 24 47 E - 17.2 7.8 5.6 32 24 48 E - 17.3 7.5 5.2 31 24

Average 7.7 5.6 32 24 49 E - 18.1 7.7 5.9 33 25 50 E - 18.2 7.5 5.2 32 24

Average 7.6 5.6 33 25 51 E - 19.1 7.5 5.8 32 23 52 E - 19.2 7.5 5.1 33 23

Average 7.5 5.5 33 23 53 E - 20.1 7.8 5.7 32 23 54 E - 20.2 7.6 5.1 32 23

Average 7.7 5.4 32 23 55 E - 21.1 7.5 5.8 32 25 56 E - 21.2 7.8 5.3 32 24

Average 7.7 5.6 32 24 57 E - 22.1 7.7 5.8 32 24 58 E - 22.2 7.6 5.4 32 24

Average 7.6 5.6 32 24 59 E - 23.1 7.6 5.8 32 23 60 E - 23.2 7.5 5.2 32 23

Average 7.6 5.5 32 23






61 E - 24.1 7.5 5.8 33 23 62 E - 24.2 7.6 5.6 33 23 63 E - 24.3 7.6 5.2 33 23

Average 7.6 5.5 33 23 64 K - 1.1 7.7 5.8 33 24 65 K - 1.2 7.7 6.0 33 23

Average 7.7 5.9 33 24 66 K - 2.1 7.5 5.6 33 24 67 K - 2.2 7.6 5.3 33 24

Average 7.6 5.5 33 24 68 K - 3.1 7.7 5.5 33 24 69 K - 3.2 7.8 5.3 33 24

Average 7.8 5.4 33 24 70 K - 4.1 7.8 5.6 33 24 71 K - 4.2 7.9 5.4 33 23

Average 7.9 5.5 33 24 QCVN 10: 2008 Column 3 6.5 – 8.5 ≥5 - -

QCVN 10: 2008 National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Table 1.12 Analytical results of physical characteristics of seawater – Rainy season (Aug, 2008 and June, 2009)

In-situ measurement No. Sample


1 E - 1.1 7.6 5.7 30 27 2 E - 1.2 7.6 5.5 29 27

Average 7.6 5.6 30 27 3 E - 2.1 7.7 5.7 30 27 4 E - 2.2 7.7 5.5 30 27

Average 7.7 5.6 30 27 5 E - 3.1 7.8 5.8 31 26 6 E - 3.2 7.7 5.5 31 26

Average 7.8 5.6 31 26 7 E - 4.1 7.5 5.8 31 26 8 E - 4.2 7.5 5.5 31 27 9 E - 4.3 7.6 5.3 32 26

Average 7.5 5.6 31 26 10 E - 5.1 7.5 5.8 32 27 11 E - 5.2 7.6 5.6 31 27 12 E - 5.3 7.6 5.3 31 27

Average 7.6 5.6 31 27 13 E - 6.1 7.7 5.7 31 27 14 E - 6.2 7.6 5.5 31 27






15 E - 6.3 7.7 5.4 31 27 Average 7.7 5.5 31 27

16 E - 7.1 7.6 5.7 31 26 17 E - 7.2 7.6 5.6 31 27 18 E - 7.3 7.6 5.6 31 27

Average 19 E - 8.1 7.4 5.6 30 27 20 E - 8.2 7.4 5.6 30 26 21 E - 8.3 7.5 5.3 31 26

Average 7.4 5.5 30 26 22 E - 9.1 7.7 5.7 30 27 23 E - 9.2 7.7 5.7 31 26 24 E - 9.3 7.7 5.3 31 27

Average 7.7 5.6 31 26 25 E - 10.1 7.6 5.8 31 26 26 E - 10.2 7.5 5.8 29 27 27 E - 10.3 7.6 5.4 29 27

Average 7.5 5.7 30 26 28 E - 11.1 7.7 5.6 31 27 29 E - 11.2 7.8 5.6 31 27 30 E - 11.3 7.7 5.3 31 27

Average 7.7 5.5 31 27 31 E - 12.1 7.6 5.8 31 26 32 E - 12.2 7.5 5.6 31 26 33 E - 12.3 7.6 5.2 31 26

Average 7.6 5.5 31 26 34 E - 13.1 7.5 5.8 31 26 35 E - 13.2 7.5 5.8 31 26 36 E - 13.3 7.5 5.4 32 26

Average 7.5 5.7 31 26 37 E - 14.1 7.7 5.8 30 26 38 E - 14.2 7.7 5.7 30 26 39 E - 14.3 7.6 5.5 31 25

Average 7.6 5.7 31 26 40 E - 15.1 7.5 5.8 31 27 41 E - 15.2 7.6 5.7 31 26 42 E - 15.3 7.6 5.4 32 26

Average 7.6 5.6 31 26 43 E - 16.1 7.7 5.8 30 27 44 E - 16.2 7.7 5.7 32 26 45 E - 16.3 7.8 5.3 32 26

Average 7.7 5.6 31 26 46 E - 17.1 7.8 5.8 30 27






47 E - 17.2 7.7 5.7 31 26 48 E - 17.3 7.7 5.3 32 26

Average 7.8 5.6 31 26 49 E - 18.1 7.5 5.8 29 27 50 E - 18.2 7.5 5.4 30 26

Average 7.5 5.6 30 26 51 E - 19.1 7.6 5.7 30 27 52 E - 19.2 7.6 5.3 31 27

Average 7.6 5.5 30 27 53 E - 20.1 7.7 5.8 31 27 54 E - 20.2 7.7 5.3 31 26

Average 7.7 5.5 31 26 55 E - 21.1 7.4 5.8 30 26 56 E - 21.2 7.2 5.4 31 26

Average 7.3 5.6 31 26 57 E - 22.1 7.4 5.8 30 27 58 E - 22.2 7.3 5.4 31 26

Average 7.3 5.6 31 26 59 E - 23.1 7.4 5.7 29 27 60 E - 23.2 7.3 5.3 30 26

Average 7.4 5.5 29 27 61 E - 24.1 7.4 5.8 29 26 62 E - 24.2 7.4 5.7 29 26 63 E - 24.3 7.5 5.3 30 26

Average 7.4 5.6 29 26 64 K - 1 7.7 6.1 32.8 26.0

65 K - 2 7.7 6.1 32.8 26.0

66 K - 3 7.8 5.9 32.5 25.8

67 K - 4 7.8 5.9 32.7 25.5

QCVN 10: 2008 Column 3 6.5 – 8.5 ≥5 - - - QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Table 1.13 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of seawater in –

Dry season (February, 2009)

Parameter (mg/L) No. Sample

TSS THC

(*) NH4+ SO42- NO2- NO3- Total N Total P Phenol CN- BOD COD

1 E - 1.1 13 0.012 0.026 2200 0.015 0.011 0.36 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.9

2 E - 1.2 14 0.012 0.027 2100 0.017 0.012 0.46 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0

Average 13 0.012 0.026 2150 0.016 0.012 0.41 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9

3 E - 2.1 14 0.015 0.02 2300 <0.0004 0.005 1.1 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8

4 E - 2.2 15 0.014 0.019 2160 <0.0004 0.007 0.98 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8

Average 15 0.014 0.02 2230 <0.0004 0.006 1.04 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

5 E - 3.1 15 0.014 0.018 2300 0.017 0.009 0.38 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.2





TSS THC


6 E - 3.2 16 0.011 0.018 2100 0.02 0.01 0.44 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0

Average 16 0.013 0.018 2200 0.019 0.01 0.41 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.9 2.2

7 E - 4.1 15 0.013 0.022 2100 0.001 0.01 0.69 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

8 E - 4.2 16 0.011 0.02 2200 0.001 0.009 0.77 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0

9 E - 4.3 17 0.009 0.023 2060 0.001 0.01 0.82 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.81 2.0

Average 16 0.011 0.022 2120 0.001 0.009 0.76 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0

10 E - 5.1 14 0.009 0.014 - 0.068 0.016 1.1 0.022 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

11 E - 5.2 15 0.011 0.015 - 0.071 0.014 1.1 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9

12 E - 5.3 16 0.01 0.015 - 0.066 0.013 1.1 0.019 <0.001 < 0.007 1.4 2.9

Average 15 0.01 0.015 - 0.069 0.014 1.1 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.96 2.2

13 E - 6.1 12 0.011 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.42 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9

14 E - 6.2 14 0.012 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0

15 E - 6.3 15 0.013 0.01 - <0.0004 0.007 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

Average 14 0.012 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.0

16 E - 7.1 15 0.013 0.016 - <0.0004 0.01 0.7 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.7

17 E - 7.2 16 0.014 0.015 - <0.0004 0.011 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.53 1.6

18 E - 7.3 16 0.014 0.017 - <0.0004 0.01 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8

Average 16 0.014 0.016 - <0.0004 0.01 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7

19 E - 8.1 15 0.018 0.007 - <0.0004 0.007 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0

20 E - 8.2 14 0.014 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.54 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.81 2.0

21 E - 8.3 15 0.014 0.007 - <0.0004 0.008 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

Average 15 0.015 0.007 - <0.0004 0.008 0.5 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0

22 E - 9.1 14 0.016 0.018 - 0.033 0.018 0.55 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.57 1.7

23 E - 9.2 14 0.013 0.017 - 0.032 0.022 0.56 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7

24 E - 9.3 14 0.011 0.022 - 0.032 0.02 0.59 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7

Average 14 0.013 0.019 - 0.033 0.02 0.57 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7

25 E - 10.1 14 0.015 0.008 - <0.0004 0.007 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

26 E - 10.2 14 0.012 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.64 1.8

27 E - 10.3 15 0.011 0.013 - <0.0004 0.007 0.41 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.7

Average 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.007 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7

28 E - 11.1 13 0.017 0.035 - <0.0004 0.005 0.42 0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7

29 E - 11.2 14 0.012 0.031 - <0.0004 0.005 0.39 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.7

30 E - 11.3 14 0.01 0.034 - <0.0004 0.006 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9

Average 14 0.013 0.033 - <0.0004 0.005 0.42 <0.007-0.007

<0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8

31 E - 12.1 14 0.015 0.008 - <0.0004 0.009 0.42 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9

32 E - 12.2 15 0.012 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 1.9

33 E - 12.3 15 0.011 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0

Average 15 0.013 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9

34 E - 13.1 15 0.015 0.008 - <0.0004 0.008 0.61 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 1.9

35 E - 13.2 16 0.012 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.58 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

36 E - 13.3 16 0.011 0.01 - <0.0004 0.009 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

Average 16 0.013 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.61 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 1.9

37 E - 14.1 14 0.015 0.01 - <0.0004 0.008 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.91 2.2

38 E - 14.2 15 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9

39 E - 14.3 16 0.011 0.012 - <0.0004 0.008 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.64 1.8





TSS THC


Average 15 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0

40 E - 15.1 14 0.017 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7

41 E - 15.2 15 0.014 0.012 - <0.0004 0.009 0.41 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7

42 E - 15.3 15 0.009 0.012 - <0.0004 0.008 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

Average 15 0.013 0.012 - <0.0004 0.009 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

43 E - 16.1 14 0.018 0.009 - <0.0004 0.006 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

44 E - 16.2 15 0.012 0.009 - <0.0004 0.007 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8

45 E - 16.3 15 0.009 0.01 - <0.0004 0.007 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7

Average 15 0.013 0.01 - <0.0004 0.007 0.5 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.64 1.8

46 E - 17.1 15 0.016 0.01 - <0.0004 0.009 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9

47 E - 17.2 15 0.012 0.012 - <0.0004 0.009 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8

48 E - 17.3 16 0.009 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

Average 15 0.012 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8

49 E - 18.1 15 0.015 0.036 2100 0.016 0.011 0.65 0.037 <0.001 < 0.007 0.79 2.0

50 E - 18.2 15 0.011 0.043 2300 0.017 0.011 0.63 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0

Average 15 0.013 0.0391 2200 0.017 0.011 0.64 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0

51 E - 19.1 14 0.014 0.017 2200 0.002 0.007 0.82 0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

52 E - 19.2 15 0.011 0.019 2300 0.003 0.008 0.8 0.009 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.4

Average 15 0.012 0.018 2250 0.002 0.008 0.81 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.94 2.2

53 E - 20.1 16 0.017 0.02 2100 0.02 0.011 0.51 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 1.4 2.9

54 E - 20.2 16 0.01 0.021 2280 0.023 0.01 0.54 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

Average 16 0.014 0.0209 2190 0.022 0.011 0.53 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 1.03 2.3

55 E - 21.1 12 0.015 0.028 2200 0.044 0.015 0.63 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.83 2.1

56 E - 21.2 12 0.012 0.026 2360 0.047 0.015 0.59 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9

Average 12 0.013 0.0271 2280 0.045 0.015 0.61 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.0

57 E - 22.1 12 0.015 0.026 2000 0.037 0.021 0.55 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

58 E - 22.2 13 0.01 0.026 2200 0.04 0.019 0.58 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9

Average 13 0.012 0.026 2100 0.039 0.02 0.56 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8

59 E - 23.1 14 0.016 0.016 2200 0.044 0.017 0.51 0.018 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9

60 E - 23.2 15 0.011 0.015 2460 0.043 0.019 0.47 0.016 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8

Average 14 0.014 0.0152 2330 0.043 0.018 0.49 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8

61 E - 24.1 14 0.016 0.034 2300 0.047 0.018 0.53 0.019 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.7

62 E - 24.2 14 0.012 0.032 2330 0.046 0.02 0.55 0.02 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7

63 E - 24.3 14 0.01 0.032 2360 0.045 0.02 0.56 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7

Average 14 0.013 0.032 2330 0.046 0.019 0.54 0.02 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7

64 K - 1.1 13 0.022 0.089 2200 0.035 0.018 0.48 0.038 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.2

65 K - 1.2 13 0.012 0.1 2220 0.03 0.016 0.49 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9

Average 13 0.017 0.096 2210 0.032 0.017 0.49 0.036 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0

66 K - 2.1 11 0.012 0.026 2200 0.028 0.013 0.46 0.031 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.4

67 K - 2.2 11 0.0071 0.03 2040 0.025 0.012 0.5 0.029 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.2

Average 11 0.0095 0.028 2120 0.026 0.013 0.48 0.03 <0.001 < 0.007 1.04 2.3

68 K - 3.1 11 0.01 0.025 2200 0.022 0.0095 0.52 0.015 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9

69 K - 3.2 11 0.01 0.023 2440 0.023 0.011 0.5 0.019 <0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.7

Average 11 0.01 0.024 2320 0.022 0.01 0.51 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

70 K - 4.1 13 0.024 0.026 2300 0.066 0.044 0.67 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9

71 K - 4.2 12 0.015 0.027 2380 0.07 0.035 0.7 0.023 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8





TSS THC


Average 12 0.019 0.026 2340 0.068 0.039 0.68 0.022 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9

QCVN 10:2008 Column 3 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - -

(*)THC: Total oil content QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Table 1.14 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of seawater in –

Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)


TSS THC(*) NH4+ SO42- NO2- NO3- Total N Toatl P Phenol CN- BOD COD

1 E - 1.1 14 0.015 0.038 2300 0.001 0.016 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 2.1

2 E - 1.2 14 0.011 0.030 2200 0.001 0.016 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.52 1.7

Average 14 0.013 0.034 2250 0.001 0.016 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.9

3 E - 2.1 14 0.016 0.094 2200 0.001 0.005 0.97 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.98 2.0

4 E - 2.2 15 0.012 0.050 2060 0.001 0.006 0.99 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.2

Average 14 0.014 0.072 2130 0.001 0.005 0.98 <0.007-0.010

<0.001 < 0.007 0.98 2.1

5 E - 3.1 16 0.013 0.016 2200 0.001 0.016 0.39 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.8

6 E - 3.2 16 0.012 0.010 2220 0.001 0.019 0.46 0.028 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7

Average 16 0.013 0.013 2210 0.001 0.017 0.43 0.021 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

7 E - 4.1 15 0.014 0.013 2100 0.002 0.008 0.70 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8

8 E - 4.2 15 0.011 0.015 2300 0.002 0.007 0.79 0.031 <0.001 < 0.007 0.56 1.6

9 E - 4.3 16 0.011 0.012 2400 0.002 0.009 0.83 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.88 1.8

Average 15 0.012 0.013 2180 0.002 0.008 0.78 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.8

10 E - 5.1 13 0.012 0.015 - 0.002 0.030 1.15 0.026 <0.001 < 0.007 1.5 2.8

11 E - 5.2 13 0.011 0.023 - 0.001 0.026 1.07 0.020 <0.001 < 0.007 0.83 2.2

12 E - 5.3 13 0.011 0.017 - 0.001 0.032 1.14 0.032 <0.001 < 0.007 0.81 1.8

Average 13 0.011 0.018 - 0.001 0.029 1.12 0.026 <0.001 < 0.007 1.0 2.3

13 E - 6.1 12 0.014 0.019 - <0.0004 0.011 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.6

14 E - 6.2 13 0.013 0.018 - <0.0004 0.007 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.54 1.6

15 E - 6.3 14 0.011 0.015 - <0.0004 0.010 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.7

Average 13 0.012 0.017 - <0.0004 0.009 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.6

16 E - 7.1 15 0.014 0.022 - <0.0004 0.011 0.71 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.60 2.0

17 E - 7.2 15 0.013 0.020 - <0.0004 0.011 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.86 2.1

18 E - 7.3 15 0.012 0.024 - <0.0004 0.010 0.68 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.88 2.2

Average 15 0.013 0.022 - <0.0004 0.011 0.68 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.1

19 E - 8.1 15 0.016 0.010 - <0.0004 0.007 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.3

20 E - 8.2 15 0.015 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.55 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.89 2.0

21 E - 8.3 15 0.013 0.008 - <0.0004 0.007 0.53 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.96 2.1

Average 15 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.008 0.52 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.98 2.2

22 E - 9.1 14 0.015 0.009 - <0.0004 0.017 0.57 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.99 2.2

23 E - 9.2 14 0.013 0.010 - <0.0004 0.014 0.58 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.0 2.2

24 E - 9.3 15 0.011 0.013 - <0.0004 0.015 0.60 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.7

Average 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.016 0.58 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.87 2.0






25 E – 10.1 13 0.014 0.010 - <0.0004 0.009 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

26 E – 10.2 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.008 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.53 1.7

27 E – 10.3 14 0.013 0.011 - <0.0004 0.010 0.43 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7

Average 13 0.014 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8

28 E – 11.1 14 0.017 0.015 - <0.0004 0.018 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.8

29 E – 11.2 15 0.014 0.018 - <0.0004 0.021 0.41 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.84 2.1

30 E – 11.3 15 0.012 0.017 - <0.0004 0.022 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.2

Average 15 0.014 0.016 - <0.0004 0.020 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.79 2.0

31 E – 12.1 14 0.017 0.013 - <0.0004 0.015 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.86 2.1

32 E – 12.2 14 0.014 0.012 - <0.0004 0.012 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.2

33 E – 12.3 14 0.011 0.015 - <0.0004 0.013 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.5 2.9

Average 14 0.014 0.013 - <0.0004 0.013 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.10 2.4

34 E – 13.1 13 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 1.9

35 E – 13.2 13 0.012 0.009 - <0.0004 0.011 0.60 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8

36 E – 13.3 14 0.012 0.010 - <0.0004 0.012 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.87 2.0

Average 13 0.013 0.009 - <0.0004 0.010 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 1.9

37 E – 14.1 14 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.014 0.81 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.8

38 E – 14.2 15 0.013 0.010 - <0.0004 0.014 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.2 2.4

39 E – 14.3 15 0.012 0.010 - <0.0004 0.017 0.44 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7

Average 15 0.013 0.010 - <0.0004 0.015 0.57 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.84 2.0

40 E – 15.1 14 0.016 0.012 - <0.0004 0.010 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.90 2.1

41 E – 15.2 14 0.013 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.42 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.54 1.6

42 E – 15.3 14 0.012 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.8

Average 14 0.014 0.011 - <0.0004 0.009 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9

43 E – 16.1 14 0.016 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.52 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.86 2.1

44 E – 16.2 14 0.014 0.009 - <0.0004 0.010 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8

45 E – 16.3 15 0.014 0.010 - <0.0004 0.008 0.53 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.7

Average 14 0.015 0.009 - <0.0004 0.009 0.52 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.9

46 E – 17.1 14 0.015 0.014 - <0.0004 0.013 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.92 1.8

47 E – 17.2 14 0.013 0.013 - <0.0004 0.011 0.67 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.77 2.0

48 E – 17.3 15 0.011 0.015 - <0.0004 0.012 0.69 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.2 2.6

Average 14 0.013 0.014 - <0.0004 0.012 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.96 2.1

49 E – 18.1 11 0.021 0.059 2100 0.005 0.023 0.52 0.026 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.7

50 E – 18.2 11 0.014 0.043 2200 0.005 0.028 0.65 0.032 <0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.8

Average 11 0.018 0.051 2150 0.005 0.026 0.58 0.029 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.8

51 E – 19.1 13 0.013 0.032 2100 0.002 0.032 0.63 0.000 <0.001 < 0.007 1.2 2.5

52 E – 19.2 13 0.012 0.018 2100 0.003 0.029 0.82 0.005 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 2.1

Average 13 0.013 0.025 2100 0.002 0.031 0.73 0.003 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.3

53 E – 20.1 15 0.016 0.115 2300 0.084 0.108 0.73 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.70 1.8

54 E – 20.2 15 0.011 0.080 2100 0.042 0.060 0.77 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8

Average 15 0.014 0.097 2200 0.063 0.084 0.75 0.010 <0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8

55 E – 21.1 11 0.014 0.010 2600 0.001 0.023 0.57 0.425 <0.001 < 0.007 0.97 1.9

56 E – 21.2 11 0.012 0.013 2500 0.003 0.014 0.60 0.071 <0.001 < 0.007 1.7 2.1






Average 11 0.013 0.011 2550 0.002 0.018 0.59 0.248 <0.001 < 0.007 1.3 2.0

57 E – 22.1 11 0.014 0.090 2300 0.001 0.013 0.59 0.124 <0.001 < 0.007 0.93 2.1

58 E – 22.2 12 0.014 0.066 2100 0.002 0.011 0.60 0.096 <0.001 < 0.007 0.71 2.0

Average 11 0.014 0.078 2200 0.002 0.012 0.59 0.110 <0.001 < 0.007 0.82 2.0

59 E – 23.1 13 0.016 0.030 2300 0.001 0.016 0.31 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9

60 E – 23.2 13 0.013 0.026 2000 0.002 0.017 0.48 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.7

Average 13 0.015 0.028 2150 0.002 0.017 0.40 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.8

61 E – 24.1 13 0.016 0.050 2300 0.002 0.022 0.69 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.83 2.0

62 E – 24.2 13 0.014 0.041 2400 0.002 0.022 0.56 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.5

63 E – 24.3 14 0.012 0.049 2300 0.007 0.020 0.58 0.009 <0.001 < 0.007 0.58 1.5

Average 13 0.014 0.047 2333 0.004 0.021 0.61 0.008 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.7

64 K – 1 5.4 0.009 0.12 - 0.006 0.025 0.73 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.85 -

65 K – 2 <5 0.010 0.030 - 0.006 0.026 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.40 -

66 K – 3 <5 0.015 <0.004 - 0.007 0.030 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 1.40 -

67 K – 4 <5 0.007 <0.004 - 0.58 0.35 1.2 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.85 -

QCVN 10:2008 Colum 3 - - 0.5 - - - - - - - - -

(*)THC: Total oil content QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Table 1.15 Analytical results of metals in seawater in Dry season (February, 2009)

Sample Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l) E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.035 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 1.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 2.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.017 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001 E - 2.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.025 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.19 < 0.001 E - 3.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.164 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 3.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.087 <0.005 < 0.02 0.10 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.10 < 0.001 E - 4.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.022 <0.005 < 0.02 0.62 < 0.001 E - 4.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 4.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.62 < 0.001 E - 5.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.030 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 5.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.017 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 5.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 6.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 6.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 6.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 7.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001




Sample Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l) E - 7.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 7.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001




Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001 E - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001 E - 11.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.132 < 0.001 E - 12.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 12.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 12.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001




Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 16.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001 E - 16.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 16.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.37 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.37 < 0.001 E - 17.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 17.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 17.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.028 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001




Sample Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l) E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 19.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001 E - 19.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.10 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001 E - 20.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001 E - 20.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.15 < 0.001 E - 21.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001 E - 21.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.24 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.18 < 0.001 E - 22.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 22.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 E - 23.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001 E - 23.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001 E - 24.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.48 < 0.001 E - 24.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001 E - 24.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.27 < 0.001 K - 1.1 - KL <0.005 0.008 0.070 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001 K - 1.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.006 0.050 <0.005 < 0.02 0.087 < 0.001 K - 2.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001 K - 2.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.002 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 0.086 < 0.001 K - 3.1- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 K - 3.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 -0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001

K - 4.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 K - 4.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.30 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.30 < 0.001 QCVN10:2008 Column 3 1 0.1 2 0.005 0.05 0.3 0.005 QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies for other place.

Table 1.16 Analytical results of metals in seawater

in Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)

No. Sample Cu (mg/l)

Pb (mg/l)

Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (%) Hg (mg/l)

1 E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 2 E - 1.2- KL <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001





Pb (mg/l)


3 E - 2.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.018 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 4 E - 2.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 5 E - 3.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 6 E - 3.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.001 7 E - 4.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001 8 E - 4.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 0.18 < 0.001 9 E - 4.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.052 <0.005 < 0.02 0.11 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.023 <0.005 < 0.02 0.15 < 0.001 10 E - 5.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 11 E - 5.2- KL <0.005 0.002 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 12 E - 5.3- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.001 13 E - 6.1 - KL <0.005 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 14 E - 6.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 15 E - 6.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005 – 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.02 < 0.001 16 E - 7.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 17 E - 7.2 - KL <0.005 0.007 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 18 E - 7.3 - KL <0.005 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 – 0.008 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 19 E - 8.1 - KL <0.005 0.005 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 20 E - 8.2 - KL <0.005 0.007 0.050 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 21 E - 8.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 0.022 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 22 E - 9.1 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.029 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 23 E - 9.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 24 E - 9.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.025 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.001 0.029 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 25 E - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 26 E - 10.2 - KL <0.005 0.008 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 27 E - 10.3 - KL <0.005 0.006 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.008 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 28 E - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 29 E - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 30 E - 11.3- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 31 E - 12.1 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 32 E - 12.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 33 E - 12.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.002 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 34 E - 13.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001





Pb (mg/l)


35 E - 13.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001 36 E - 13.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.13 < 0.001 37 E - 14.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 38 E - 14.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 39 E - 14.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 40 E - 15.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 41 E - 15.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 42 E - 15.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 43 E - 16.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 44 E - 16.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 45 E - 16.3 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.003 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 46 E - 17.1 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 47 E - 17.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 48 E - 17.3 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.001 <0.005 - 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 49 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 50 E - 19.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 51 E - 19.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 52 E - 20.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 53 E - 20.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 54 E - 21.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 55 E - 21.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 56 E - 22.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 57 E - 22.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.011 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 58 E - 23.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 59 E - 23.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 60 E - 24.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 61 E - 24.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 62 E - 24.3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 63 K - 1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 64 K - 2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001





Pb (mg/l)


65 K - 3 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 66 K - 4 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

QCVN10:2008 Column 3

1 0.1 2 0.005 0.05 0.3 0.005

QCVN 10: 2008- National technical regulation on coastal water quality, column 3-applies to other place.

Physical- chemistry parameters Because the survey is located in the Nghi Son Bay area, in this report QCVN10: 2008BTNMT "National technical regulation on coastal water quality - Column 3" to assess water quality at stations offshore is used. In the present survey, for both the rainy and dry seasons, the water quality parameters recorded were very low and reached QCVN10: 2008/BTNMT. The parameters of Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen, BOD significantly effected bio-chemical processes occurring in marine water. Temperature and salinity parameters of sea water changed within a very narrow range. BOD and COD contents are found in low level. The pH of sea water directly depends the correlation between the carbonic acid content and its dissociate derivatives in sea water. The factors which influence this value are temperature, hydrostatic pressure, and metabolic activities of aquatic organisms (particularly algae). In offshore regions, sea water shows slight alkalinity, and its pH is stable and within narrow range (7.6 - 8.4). pH values are in range of 7.3 - 7.9 in both the rainy and dry seasons, which are at normal levels for the North-east Vietnam sea. The dissolved oxygen (DO) content in sea water is affected by a various factors including the interaction between the atmosphere and the ocean (wave, wind), atmospheric pressure, temperature and salinity of sea water, metabolic activities of aquatic organisms, organic matters content. DO values registered at offshore sampling stations in both of two seasons range from 5.4 to 5.9 mg/l, reached QCVN10: 2008/BTNMT.

Suspended solids in sea water consist of inorganic particles, flocculated organic substances, living plankton and the remains of plankton. Total suspended solid (TSS) recorded at the surveyed area varied in a narrow range from 11 to 16 mg/L in both seasons.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14


pH

Station

pH‐Dry season

pH‐Rainy season

Figure 1.18 Variation of pH at offshore sampling stations




012345678910


DO (mg/l)

Station

DO‐Dry season

DO‐Rainy season

Figure 1.19 Variation of DO at offshore sampling stations

26

27

28

29

30

31

32

33

34


Salinity ‰

Station

Salinity‐Dry season

Salinity‐Rainy season

Figure 1.20 Variation of Salinity at offshore sampling stations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30


Temp. oC

Station

Temp‐Dry season

Temp‐Rainy season

Figure 1.21 Variation of Temperature at offshore sampling stations




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

E‐1 E‐2 E‐3 E‐4 E‐5 E‐6 E‐7 E‐8 E‐9 E‐10 E‐11 E‐12 E‐13 E‐14 E‐15 E‐16 E‐17 E‐18 E‐19 E‐20 E‐21 E‐22 E‐23 E‐24 K‐1 K‐2 K‐3 K‐4

TSS (mg/l )

Station

TSS‐ Dry season

TSS‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.22 Variation of TSS content at offshore sampling stations Oil content in water The values of total oil content (Tables 7.1.3.3 and 7.1.3.4) in water at offshore sampling stations are quite homogeneous and not much change is apparent between the rainy and dry seasons. The highest recorded value occured at station K-4 which is located at Mieng island, for both seasons.

0

0.005

0.01

0.015

0.02

0.025

0.03

0.035

0.04


THC (mg/l )

Station

THC‐ Dry season

THC‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.23 Variation of THC at offshore sampling stations Heavy metal in water

Among the seven analyzed trace heavy metals, four metals are below the detection limit of analytical method (Cu, Cd, Cr and Hg). Other metals are also found in very low content at offshore sampling stations in both the rainy and dry seasons. All analytical values of metals are much lower than limit values stipulated in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT. Some main selected anions, cations (NH4+, NO3-, NO2- , SO42-, CN-).

At all offshore stations, the CN- content is lower than the detection limit of the analytical method for both seasons.

The SO42- concentration in sea water depends significantly on the salinity of sea water, in seasons, SO42- content is relatively stable between sampling stations.




The NH4+ content at all stations is much lower than the allowable limit quoted in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT (0.5mg/l). The NO3-, NO2- content, as well as total N content in most of sampling stations was very low and varied within narrow ranges. It should be noted that, during the rainy season survey, the content of the above 3 parameters was roughly 6-7 times the values noted above in the area of K4 station – Mieng Island. Recorded at the sampling time of this survey, about three fishing vessels were conducting vessel cleaning, which can cause an immediate increase in levels of 3 parameters above.

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6


NH4+ (mg/l)

Station

NH4+‐ Dry season

NH4+‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.24 Variation of NH4+ content at offshore sampling stations

00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.9


NO2‐ (mg/l)

Station

NO2‐‐ Dry season

NO2‐‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.25 Variation of NO2- content at offshore sampling stations

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4


NO3‐ (mg/l)

Station

NO3‐‐ Dry season

NO3‐‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.26 Variation of NO3- content at offshore sampling stations




0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000


SO42‐ (mg/l)

Station

SO4‐‐ Dry season

SO4‐‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.27 Variation of SO42- content at offshore sampling stations Total phosphorus, Total nitrogen

Total phosphorus and total nitrogen are considered nutrients in water. Phosphorus and nitrogen are important components in the process of photosynthesis of phytoplankton in the marine environment. There are no regulations on the permitted levels of total nitrogen and phosphorus in QCVN10 Total: 2008. Total phosphorus in most offshore stations is lower than the detection limits of the analytical methods used. At two stations E21 and E22, recorded total phosphorus concentration increased significantly during the wet season survey. This should be monitored closely in the next survey.

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4


Total N (mg/l)

Station

Total N‐ Dry season

Total N‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.28 Variation of Total N content at offshore sampling stations

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3


Total P (mg/l)

Station

Total P‐ Dry season

Total P‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.29 Variation of Total P content at offshore sampling stations




BOD and COD BOD and COD values at all stations were at relatively low levels and quite stable from station to station and from season to season.

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3


BOD (mg/l)

Station

BOD‐ Dry season

BOD‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.30 Variation of BOD content at offshore sampling stations

00.51

1.52

2.53

3.54

4.55


COD (mg/l)

Station

COD‐ Dry season

COD‐ Rainy season

Figure 1.31 Variation of COD content at offshore sampling stations 7.1.4 Characteristics of the plankton community Phytoplankton The summary results of phytoplankton community at offshore stations are presented in Table 1.17 and Figures 1.32; 1.33; 1.34 and 1.35. The detail results are showed in Appendix B.




Table 1.17 The parameters of phytoplankton community at coastal stations in rainy season and dry season

Taxon quantity (taxa/0.05m3)

Density (x103cells/m3)

H(s) J C Station

Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain

K1 13 10 1516,515 35 0.03 2.44 0.01 0.73 0.99 0.28

K2 13 16 1,792,835 62 0.04 3.20 0.01 0.80 0.99 0.18

K3 11 13 238,420 37 0.17 2.84 0.05 0.77 0.96 0.22

K4 15 13 1,770,505 29 0.04 2.65 0.01 0.72 0.99 0.28

E2 14 23 1,005,095 4,192 0.09 2.74 0.02 0.61 0.98 0.21

E3 13 21 3,178,830 8,888 0.10 1.98 0.03 0.45 0.98 0.39

E4 11 21 2,928,150 2,724 0.05 3.13 0.01 0.71 0.99 0.16

E5 16 4 1,027,830 56 0.02 1.79 0.01 0.89 1.00 0.32

E6 12 11 1,143,990 128 0.10 2.86 0.03 0.83 0.98 0.19

E7 11 3 987,120 84 0.04 1.02 0.01 0.65 0.99 0.61

E8 18 6 1,072,800 120 0.08 2.44 0.02 0.94 0.99 0.20

E9 16 5 254,220 56 0.10 1.75 0.03 0.76 0.98 0.39

E10 15 8 1,929,460 108 0.03 2.44 0.01 0.81 0.99 0.23

E11 14 4 4,335 144 3.20 1.29 0.84 0.64 0.15 0.53

E12 17 3 378,350 52 0.48 0.99 0.12 0.63 0.89 0.62

E13 14 10 3,732,755 76 0.03 2.82 0.01 0.85 1.00 0.19

E14 16 15 738,720 176 0.05 3.28 0.01 0.84 0.99 0.14

E15 15 8 775,260 148 0.02 2.32 0.01 0.77 1.00 0.26

E16 14 5 967,950 260 0.06 0.99 0.02 0.43 0.99 0.66

E17 11 4 729,840 2,172 0.13 0.30 0.04 0.15 0.97 0.92

E19 13 19 2,599,640 1,368 0.02 3.60 0.01 0.85 1.00 0.10

E20 17 15 1,877,995 768 0.03 2.98 0.01 0.76 0.99 0.17

E21 16 8 738,010 60 0.05 2.84 0.01 0.95 0.99 0.17

E22 12 7 1,621,275 1,880 0.06 0.20 0.02 0.07 0.99 0.96

E23 8 4 59,990 44 0.09 1.87 0.03 0.93 0.98 0.29

E24 12 4 221,130 44 0.26 1.82 0.07 0.91 0.94 0.31

Average 14 10 1,280,424 912 0.21 2.18 0.05 0.71 0.95 0.34

Max 18 23 3,732,755 8,888 3.20 3.60 0.84 0.95 1.00 0.96

Min 8 3 4,335 29 0.02 0.20 0.01 0.07 0.15 0.10

The phytoplanton community at surveyed areas does not show diversity nor evenness particularly in the dry season, although the number of taxon recorded in the dry season is higher than in the rainy season. In the offshore area, the unexpected results for the Phytoplankton community is caused by the overdevelopment of one algae species (known as blooming).




Taxon composition and distribution Distribution of the taxon quantity according to the rainy and dry seasons is illustrated at Figures 1.32 and 1.33. It is easy to recognize that in the dry season, the number of taxon among studied stations is rather even while taxon distribution varies strongly among stations. Taxon quantity is very low at some stations such as E5, E7, E11, E12, E17, E23, E24 and rather high E2, E3, E4, E19.

Taxon composition In the dry season, there are four phyla identified in which each phylum of Dianophyta and Bacillariophyta account for about 50% of number of taxon. The relative proportions of the others are very small. In the rainy season, there are 5 phyla identified of which Bacillariophyta is the most diverse; followed by Dianophyta, Cyanophyta, Chlorophyta and Euglenophyta in descending order.

Density composition and distribution The distribution of phytoplankton’s density is shown in Figures 1.34 and 1.35. It is remarkabe to note that the density in the dry season is a thousands times higher than that in the rainy season. This phenomenon may be related to the high concentration of Nitrate in the dry season. The increase of Nitrate may provide an adequate nutritional source for the development of algae, known as blooming. Based on the increasing of density at some stations such as E2, E3, E4, the variation in density among studied stations in the rainy season is also much higher than that in the dry season. In the the rainy season, the density structure at stations E17, E22 and E16 was clearly atypical with the dominance of the Cyanophyta group evidence of the difference in the water conditions there. Although there are 4 phyla of phytoplankton presented, the Bacillariophyta accounts for nearly 100% of density; proportions of the others are not notable. In the rainy season, Bacillariophyta also accounts for the largest proportion, however, portions of Cyanophyta, Dianophyata and Chlorophyta are also remarkable.

Community indices In the dry season, like a consequence of the blooming of one species algae, all community indices are at poor levels. The diversity index -H(s) and Evenness index –J are low, while the predominant index is high at almost stations. At station E14, this phenomenon is not recoded. On the contrary, all other community indices are at normal levels.




Zooplankton The summary results fir the zooplankton community at offshore stations are presented in Table 7.1.2.2 and Figures 1.36; 1.37; 1.38 and 1.39. The detail results are showed in Appendix B. In contrast to the phytoplankton community, the number of taxon of zooplankton is relatively high both among stations as well as between two seasons. In regards to taxon composition, Copepoda is the most diverse group in the zooplankton community in both thedry and rainy seasons. It accounts for 75% of total

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Figure 1.32 Taxon portion of each group of phytoplanton on dry season

Figure 1.33 Taxon portion of each group of phytoplankton on rainy season

Figure 1.34 Density portion of each group of phytoplanton on dry season

Figure 1.35 Density portion of each group of phytoplankton on rainy season




taxon quantity. The second most diverse group is the Chaetognata group. The other groups represent smaller proportions and differ between seasons (see Table 1.18 and Figures 1.36 and 1.37). Regardingdensity composition and distribution: Similar to taxon quantity, the density of the zooplankton community is rather even. An exception is the strong increase of density caused by the strong development of Copepoda and Ostracoda groups recorded at station E17 in the dry season; and the increase in density at station 20 in the rainy season caused by the strong development of Larva, Chaetognata and Ostracoda groups. At other stations, the variation of density between the two seasons as well as among stations is not very high (Table 1.18 and Figures 1.38 and 1.39). In regards to density composition, Copepoda is also the most dominant in both otherainy and dry season; followed by Larvae and Cladocera. The others vary considerably between seasons (Figure 1.38 and 1.39). In both the rainy and dry seasons, all community indices are at relatively good levels (Table 1.18).

Table 1.18 The parameters of zooplankton community at offshore stations in rainy season and dry season.

Taxon quantity

(/station) Density (ind./m3) H(s) J C Station


K1 34.0 32.0 201.2 953.7 4.08 3.64 0.80 0.73 0.09 0.12

K2 37.0 24.0 499.9 209.1 3.75 3.82 0.72 0.83 0.12 0.10

K3 35.0 25.0 483.1 365.4 3.20 3.84 0.62 0.83 0.23 0.10

K4 38.0 35.0 706.1 3,799.1 3.31 3.97 0.63 0.77 0.24 0.09

E2 23.0 33.0 2,254.8 784.9 3.54 4.07 0.78 0.81 0.09 0.09

E3 30.0 40.0 1,487.1 485.3 4.08 4.04 0.83 0.76 0.09 0.13

E4 28.0 40.0 ,3716.7 919.9 4.08 4.44 0.85 0.84 0.11 0.07

E5 31.0 35.0 260.1 273.0 2.97 3.95 0.60 0.77 0.12 0.09

E6 33.0 32.0 421.5 1,149.0 4.48 3.72 0.89 0.74 0.14 0.12

E7 35.0 27.0 656.5 357.9 4.28 2.60 0.83 0.55 0.09 0.35

E8 34.0 35.0 526.5 598.0 4.22 3.50 0.83 0.68 0.14 0.18

E9 38.0 35.0 1,468.0 773.8 4.04 4.29 0.77 0.84 0.06 0.07

E10 28.0 30.0 737.3 601.1 3.26 3.05 0.68 0.62 0.27 0.18

E11 28.0 35.0 266.7 138.5 3.36 4.06 0.70 0.79 0.07 0.09

E12 28.0 36.0 2,567.7 603.4 3.51 4.03 0.73 0.78 0.17 0.09

E13 40.0 35.0 387.1 1,014.1 4.19 4.13 0.79 0.81 0.07 0.09

E14 32.0 30.0 1,112.8 356.0 4.00 3.82 0.80 0.78 0.16 0.11

E15 22.0 33.0 1,104.8 936.9 3.62 3.54 0.81 0.70 0.27 0.14

E16 28.0 33.0 1,117.9 401.1 3.73 3.98 0.77 0.79 0.35 0.10

E17 40.0 38.0 30,840.0 1,816.8 3.44 3.80 0.65 0.72 0.08 0.12

E19 20.0 34.0 4,895.0 1,239.4 3.19 3.72 0.74 0.73 0.13 0.15

E20 34.0 27.0 796.6 9,541.7 4.38 3.89 0.86 0.82 0.08 0.09

E21 31.0 36.0 738.7 252.4 3.01 4.20 0.61 0.81 0.09 0.09

E22 31.0 41.0 8,280.0 538.3 4.31 4.38 0.87 0.82 0.15 0.07

E23 35.0 35.0 335.4 1,717.2 3.63 4.02 0.71 0.78 0.09 0.09




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Density (ind./m3) H(s) J C Station


E24 33.0 39.0 506.7 2005.8 4.27 3.95 0.85 0.75 0.10 0.10

Average 31.8 33.7 2552.6 1224.3 3.77 3.86 0.76 0.76 0.14 0.12

Max 40.0 41.0 30840.0 9541.7 4.48 4.44 0.89 0.84 0.35 0.35

Min 20.0 24.0 201.2 138.5 2.97 2.60 0.60 0.55 0.06 0.07

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Figure 1.36 Taxon composition of each zooplankton group on dry season

Figure 1.37 Taxon composition of each zooplankton group on rainy season






7.2 Onshore area 7.2.1 Ambient air, noise and vibration quality Ambient air quality a. Hourly ambient air quality The hourly ambient air analytical results are presented in Tables 1.19 and 1.20.

Table 1.19 Summary results of ambient air quality parameters – dry season (Feb., 2009)

NO2 CO SO2 H2S TSP Benzene Xylen PM10 THC Sample mg/Nm3

A1.1 0.006 3.3 0.011 <0.001 0.26 ND ND 0.03 1.5 A1.2 0.004 2.8 0.014 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.0 A1.3 0.004 2.8 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 0.6 A1.4 0.011 1.6 0.013 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 1.3 A1.5 0.011 2.3 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 2.1 A1.6 0.013 2.7 0.013 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 1.3 A1.7 0.040 2.8 0.011 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.04 2.1 A1.8 0.018 4.3 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 1.6 A1.9 0.023 6.3 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 1.6

Average 0.014 3.2 0.012 <0.001 0.19 ND ND 0.03 1.6 A2.1 0.008 3.3 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 2.2 A2.2 0.009 5.4 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 3.2 A2.3 0.007 3.3 0.012 <0.001 0.40 ND ND 0.01 1.5 A2.4 0.008 4.9 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 3.6 A2.5 0.008 2.5 0.010 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 2.1 A2.6 0.007 2.8 0.013 <0.001 0.40 ND ND 0.02 0.7 A2.7 0.021 3.1 0.012 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.03 3.0 A2.8 0.020 2.8 0.012 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 2.8 A2.9 0.012 2.4 0.007 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 3.4


Average 0.013 3.3 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 2.2 A4.1 0.019 3.5 0.008 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.01 2.1 A4.2 0.006 5.6 0.010 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.01 2.3 A4.3 0.009 5.0 0.008 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.02 1.5 A4.4 0.013 3.6 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 1.4 A4.5 0.012 3.7 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 3.2 A4.6 0.003 2.7 0.008 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.03 2.1 A4.7 0.013 3.5 0.011 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.06 1.4 A4.8 0.016 1.2 0.011 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.04 0.6




A4.9 0.011 3.0 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.04 2.4 Average 0.011 3.6 0.009 <0.001 0.18 ND ND 0.03 1.9

A5.1 0.007 0.6 0.006 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 2.3 A5.2 0.009 4.9 0.005 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.00 1.5 A5.3 0.006 4.8 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.2 A5.4 0.006 5.0 0.004 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.02 0.6 A5.5 0.004 0.5 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 2.2 A5.6 0.005 6.1 0.005 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 3.2 A5.7 0.009 3.0 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.01 1.5 A5.8 0.008 2.3 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 1.1 A5.9 0.010 2.5 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 2.1




Average 0.009 3.2 0.008 <0.001 0.22 ND ND(1) 0.04 3.6 QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT (2) 0.2 30 0.35 - 0.30 - - -(4) - QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT (3) - - - 0.042 - 0.022 1 - -




Table 1.20 Summary results of ambient air quality parameters – rainy season (Aug., 2008)

NO2 CO SO2 H2S TSP Benzene Xylen PM10 THC Sample

mg/Nm3 A1.1 0.007 1.8 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 12 A1.2 0.019 2.5 0.017 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 12 A1.3 0.015 1.0 0.015 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 2.3 A1.4 0.009 4.6 0.015 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 5.8 A1.5 0.009 4.6 0.013 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 7.4 A1.6 0.005 3.9 0.008 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 11 A1.7 0.008 2.0 0.009 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 15 A1.8 0.008 1.8 0.006 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 12 A1.9 0.014 7.1 0.008 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 13

Average 0.010 3.3 0.011 <0.001 0.23 ND ND 0.03 10 A2.1 0.001 3.1 0.009 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 5.8 A2.2 0.001 4.7 0.010 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 7.7 A2.3 0.001 0.5 0.010 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 6.3 A2.4 0.002 3.6 0.004 <0.001 0.13 ND ND 0.02 8.5 A2.5 0.001 6.1 0.012 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 9.7 A2.6 0.005 3.4 0.005 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 8.1 A2.7 0.006 8.7 0.008 <0.001 0.07 ND ND 0.02 6.3 A2.8 0.012 3.1 0.002 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 8.5 A2.9 0.009 3.6 0.005 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 7.4

Average 0.004 4.1 0.007 <0.001 0.17 ND ND 0.02 7.6 A3.1 0.004 8.3 0.004 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 5.6 A3.2 0.003 8.1 0.005 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 15 A3.3 0.007 5.3 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 7.3 A3.4 0.003 4.6 0.004 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 8.5 A3.5 0.018 1.1 0.004 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 9.6 A3.6 0.015 5.8 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 7.8 A3.7 0.004 0.1 0.003 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 6.3 A3.8 0.008 3.0 0.004 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 5.2 A3.9 0.006 2.8 0.004 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 6.4


Average 0.014 4.4 0.007 <0.001 0.35 ND ND 0.02 7.1 A5.1 0.004 3.8 0.003 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.03 7.3 A5.2 0.000 1.7 0.001 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 8.9 A5.3 0.001 8.9 0.001 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 12 A5.4 0.003 1.7 0.001 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 11 A5.5 0.012 2.5 0.002 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 13




NO2 CO SO2 H2S TSP Benzene Xylen PM10 THC Sample

mg/Nm3 A5.6 0.008 2.7 0.002 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.03 7.8 A5.7 0.003 10 0.002 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 9.6 A5.8 0.005 2.5 0.002 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.03 5.8 A5.9 0.008 1.8 0.003 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 7.9



Average 0.008 3.4 0.007 <0.001 0.20 ND ND 0.02 7.5 A8.1 0.017 2.0 0.013 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.03 10 A8.2 0.007 2.8 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 11 A8.3 0.006 3.8 0.009 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 15 A8.4 0.014 1.8 0.009 <0.001 0.27 ND ND 0.02 16 A8.5 0.004 2.2 0.006 <0.001 0.21 ND ND 0.02 12 A8.6 0.005 2.3 0.003 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 5.9 A8.7 0.008 3.5 0.003 <0.001 0.14 ND ND 0.02 7.6 A8.8 0.009 1.9 0.031 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.03 8.9 A8.9 0.011 2.6 0.013 <0.001 0.28 ND ND 0.02 6.3

Average 0.009 2.6 0.010 <0.001 0.23 ND ND(1) 0.02 10 QCVN 05:2009 (2) 0.2 30 0.35 - 0.3 - - -(4) - QCVN 06:2009 (3) - - - 0.042 - 0.022 1 - -

Note: (1) Not detected (2) QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality, hourly average (3) QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on hazardous substances in ambient air, hourly average (4) Not stipulated




Carbon monoxide (CO)

The CO is one of the most important parameters selected to be monitored in terms of gas emissions. It is a poisonous gas, produced by incomplete combustion. Because combustion products from gas turbines are mainly CO2 and water, elevated amounts of CO in the air in this case were mainly derived from the terminal flaring and refinery and petrochemical plant. The average value of CO content at the sampling stations range in a narrow range in both seasons. Compared to the survey in the rainy season, the CO content in the dry survey is a little higher but these values are significantly lower than the allowable limit of 30mg/m3 of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT and the allowable limit of 40mg/m3 delineated by the Equator principles.

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Figure 1.40 Variation of CO content at studied stations

Total hydrocarbon content (THC) There is a noticeable change in the THC content among sampling times over the course of the day. The average value of the THC content recorded in the dry season is much lower than that in the rainy season at all of sampling stations.

Based on GC chromatography, the dominant component of the THC composition was methane which was derived from anaerobic decomposition of organic matter and micro-organism. In the rainy season, increasing CH4 values were recorded because the micro-organisms took advantage of increased humidity to speed up their activities. Furthermore, as is characteristic of a light gas, methane tends to move to higher level and diffuse into the atmosphere. At sampling time, this diffusion was limited by low temperatures. Consequently, it was easy to collect methane with the other gases.




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Figure 1.41 Variation of THC content at studied stations Sulfur dioxide (SO2)

Sulfur dioxide (also sulfur dioxide) is the chemical compound with the formula SO2. It is produced by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide. Further oxidation of SO2 forms H2SO4, and thus acid rain. This is considered an environmental impact of using these fuels as power sources.

All SO2 content values are significantly lower than allowable limit (0.35mg/m3) of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

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Figure 1.42 Variation of SO2 content at studied stations

Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S) H2S is also a poisonous compound which is sometimes found in oil and gas. In addition, there are several natural sources that release H2S into ambient air (bio-degradation of dead materials, factory discharged wastes etc.). Natural H2S, however, is quite low due to its rapid transformation in air.

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All H2S values recorded in both seasons are lower than the detection limit method and significantly lower than the allowable limit (0.042 mg/m3) of QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT.

Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

NO2 is also common emission products which may cause acid rain. Its presence in the air is easily detected wherever fuel (oil and gas) combustion occurs. In both of two sampling seasons, NO2 content at all stations was lower than the allowable limit of 0.2 mg/m3 (both in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

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Figure 1.43 Variation of NO2 content at studied stations

Total Suspended Particulate (TSP)

With the exception of a certain amount of TSP which comes from stationary emission sources (e.g. combustion flares), TSP in ambient air in this case was mainly generated by natural conditions (e.g. traffic vehicle movement. wind disturbance). The average value of TSP content is exceeded the allowable limit (0.3mg/m3 – QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT) at stations A4 and A6 in the rainy season. This may be due to the fact that TSP is not only originated from terminal activity but also from other activities such as movement of some trucks bulldozers, digging, etc.




‐0.05

0.05

0.15

0.25

0.35

0.45

0.55

0.65

0.75

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

TSP (mg/m3)

Station

SPM‐Dry season

SPM‐Rainy season

Figure 1.44 Variation of TSP content at studied stations Benzene and Xylene

Specific products of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant during the operating period are benzene and xylene. Benzene is an aromatic hydrocarbon compound. It occurs naturally in fossil fuels and is released into the atmosphere as a result of natural processes, and human activities that involved the combustion of organic matter, such as wood, coal, and petroleum products. Petrol vehicle emissions are the predominant source of benzene in the environment, although industries such as petroleum refining and steel works can also contribute to overall levels. Evaporative losses from petroleum fuels storage facilities and service stations are another means by which benzene enters the air environment. At typical ambient concentrations, benzene does not have any short-term or acute health effects. However long-term exposure to benzene has been linked to an increased incidence of blood and immune system disorders including anaemia and leukemia. Xylene is an aromatic hydrocarbon that exists in three isomeric forms Ortho, Meta, and Para Xylen. This compound is a mixture of 40% m- xylene, 20% o- xylene and 20% ethyl benzene. Xylene occurs naturally in crude oil and is also generated through combustion of organic matter such as wood, coal, and petroleum products. Evaporation from petroleum fuels storage facilities and service stations, and the use of products containing xylene based solvents and thinners are other ways xylene enters the air environment. Xylene exposure causes eye, nose and throat irritation and neurological effects such as impaired reaction time short-term memory loss and the loss of bodily coordination. There is no evidence that xylen is carcinogenic. The above effects do not occur at xylene levels typically experienced in ambient air. In both the rainy and dry seasons, benzene and xylene contents at all sampling stations are found at concentrations lower than the detection limit of analytical methods (GC-MS method).




PM10 Coarse Particulate Matter (PM10) is less than 10 micrometers in diameter. It primarily comes from road dust, agriculture dust, river beds, construction sites, mining operations, and similar activities. In generally, PM10 value at all sampling stations in the dry season is a little higher than that in the rainy season. Hourly PM10 parameter is not stipulated in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT.

‐0.005

0.005

0.015

0.025

0.035

0.045

0.055

0.065

A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8

PM10 (mg/m3)

Station

PM10‐Dry season

PM10‐Rainy season

Figure 1.45 Variation of PM10 content at studied stations

b. 24 hours ambient air quality

At 3 stations (A1, A2 and A5) which are located in populated areas and are not affected by the construction site, parameters of CO, SO2 and TSP are measured continuously 24 hours in one day. Analytical results of these parameters were presented in Table 1.21.

Table 1.21 24-hour ambient air quality

CO SO2 TSP Station

mg/m3 mg/m3 mg/m3 A1 3.3 0.024 0.15 A2 4.4 0.037 0.14 A5 1.8 0.035 0.21

QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT (1) - 0.125 0.2 (1) QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality, 24 hourly average (2) NAAQS = National Ambient Air Quality Standards (US EPA) Accept for the TSP parameter at station A5 adjacent to the school of Mai Lam village which is a little higher than allowable limit stipulated in QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT, all other parameters are much lower than the allowable limit of QCVN 05:2009/BTNMT. Noise and vibration quality Analytical results of noise and vibration are shown in Tables 1.22 to 1.25 and Figures 1.46 to 1.50.




In order to check all noise and vibration results and perform the NSRP-LLC’s request, in the second rainy season survey (June, 2009), CPSE carried out intensive measurements of noise and vibration with a frequency of 24 hours at stations: A1, A2, A5 , N1, N3, N4, N8, N11, N12, N19, N20. At residential area

Table 1.22 Noise values at residential area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season Project Noise Standards (1) Sample 6am –

6pm 6pm – 10pm

10pm – 6am

6am – 6pm

6pm – 10pm

10pm – 6am

6am – 6pm

6pm – 10pm

10pm – 6am

A6 73.6 66.7 55.0 56.9 57.2 56.6 70 70 50 A7 59.1 55.3 50.3 45.0 45.5 45.8 70 70 50 A8 49.7 48.1 47.0 43.6 43.9 43.7 70 70 50

N17 43.9 48.2 39.8 51.7 51.7 52.2 70 70 50 N18 43.6 58.3 39.9 46.5 47.0 47.2 70 70 50 N21 58.7 51.5 39.4 48.4 44.9 49.0 70 70 50

Notes: (1) Project Noise Standards, applied for residential areas

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21

Noise (dB)

Station

Noise‐Dry season

Noise‐Rainy season

Project Noise Standards

Figure 1.46 Variation of noise values at residential area from 6am to 6pm




0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21

Noise (dB)

Station

Noise‐Dry season



Figure 1.47 Variation of noise values at residential area from 6pm to 10pm

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21

Noise (dB)

Station

Noise‐Dry season



Figure 1.48 Variation of noise values at residential area from 10pm to 6am

Table 1.23 Noise value at residential area (5 hours average) in rainy

Sample Noise (dB)

A1 49.0 A2 47.6 A5 50.1

Notes: (1) Project Noise Standards, applied for residential areas

Table 1.24 Noise value at residential area (24 hours average) in rainy season

Sample Noise (dB)

A1 54.7 A2 56.0 A5 56.0




Table 1.25 Vibration values at residential area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season TCVN 6962:2001 (2) Sample

7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am A6 56.8 54.4 57.7 51.9 75 65 A7 53.7 50.5 52.7 51.5 75 65 A8 47.9 47.1 49.7 47.9 75 65

N17 44.2 44.9 45.7 45.8 75 65 N18 43.7 54.8 44.9 57.2 75 65 N21 50.5 46.5 51.5 50.6 75 65

Note: (2)TCVN 6962:2001: Vibration and shock – Vibration emitted by construction works and factories - maximum permitted levels in the environment of public and residential areas, applied for residential areas: Hotels, administration offices, Houses, apartment houses, etc.

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21

Vibration(dB)

Station

Vibration‐Dry season

Vibration‐Rainy season

TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.49 Variation of vibration values at residential area from 7am to 7pm

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

A6 A7 A8 N17 N18 N21

Vibration(dB)

Station



TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.50 Variation of vibration values at residential area from 7pm to 7am




Table 1.26 Vibration value at residential area (5 hours average) in dry season

Sample Vibration

A1 46.8 A2 46.8 A5 47.5

Table 1.27 Vibration value at residential area (24 hours average) in rainy season

Sample Vibration

A1 46.6 A2 46.6 A5 47.3

In general, noise values at residential areas in the dry and rainy seasons (except station A6) are lower than the limit levels of Project Noise Standards. Noise values of station A6 in shift 1 (6am-6pm) and shift 3 (10pm-6am) are higher than the limit level because this station is located near the road with a lot of traffic.

The values of vibration at residential areas are lower than the limit level stipulated by Vietnamese standard (TCVN 6962:2001).

As well as noise, vibration values in the dry season are not significantly different from the ones in the rainy season. These is little different in noise values as well as vibration values among measured times (1- hour, 5 – hours and 24 – hours)

At plant area

Table 1.28 Noise values at plan area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season Project Noise Standards (1) Sample 6am –

6pm 6pm – 10pm

10pm – 6am

6am – 6pm

6pm – 10pm

10pm – 6am

6am – 6pm

6pm – 10pm

10pm – 6am

N2 74.9 75.5 48.6 54.9 54.6 54.8 70 70 70 N5 71.9 76.6 49.7 58.3 57.2 55.0 70 70 70 N6 68.3 64.1 48.3 52.0 50.7 49.0 70 70 70 N7 52.3 55.3 56.6 55.0 55.2 55.1 70 70 70 N9 61.4 55.7 55.5 54.3 53.8 53.6 70 70 70

N10 50.0 49.4 49.8 50.0 50.0 50.0 70 70 70 N13 50.6 46.5 46.3 53.0 51.5 51.2 70 70 70 N14 55.2 49.1 47.2 52.7 52.5 51.3 70 70 70 N15 52.7 51.5 50.8 51.2 51.9 50.9 70 70 70 N16 71.1 72.3 48.3 55.7 56.4 55.7 70 70 70 A3 49.6 49.4 47.9 49.2 49.4 48.8 70 70 70 A4 55.1 49.3 51.4 53.1 52.8 52.8 70 70 70

Note: (1) Project Noise Standards, applied for plan area.




Table 1.29 Noise at plan area (5 hours average) in Dry season

Sample Noise (dB) N1 66.1 N3 73.5 N4 71.8 N8 48.1

N11 63.9 N12 67.0 N19 42.9 N20 42.4

Table 1.30 Noise at plan area (24 hours average) in Rainy season

Sample Noise (dB)

N1 55.8 N3 54.3 N4 52.8 N8 47.8

N11 46.4 N12 45.4 N19 46.9 N20 46.6

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4

Noise (dB)

Station

Noise‐Dry season



Figure 1.51 Variation of noise values at plan area from 6am to 6pm




0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4

Noise (dB)

Station

Noise‐Dry season



Figure 1.52 Variation of noise values at plan area from 6pm to 10pm

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4

Noise (dB)

Station

Noise‐Dry season



Figure 1.53 Variation of noise values at plan area from 10pm to 6am

Table 1.31 Vibration values at plan area (hourly average)

Dry season Rainy season TCVN 6962:2001 (2) Sample

7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am 7am-7pm 7pm-7am N2 64.1 61.5 64.9 63.2 75 65 N5 61.7 60.3 63.9 60.8 75 65 N6 60.5 55.2 62.5 60.9 75 65 N7 48.8 53.8 49.4 50.2 75 65 N9 50.7 52.7 48.7 51.3 75 65

N10 48.5 49.2 48.6 51.1 75 65 N13 48.7 46.8 49.0 45.3 75 65 N14 48.4 47.9 47.1 46.7 75 65 N15 49.1 49.9 47.2 48.8 75 65 N16 60.0 56.7 59.9 57.2 75 65 A3 47.9 47.2 47.2 45.9 75 65 A4 47.8 47.6 47.8 45.8 75 65




Note: (2) TCVN 6962:2001: Vibration and shock – Vibration emitted by construction works and factories - maximum permitted levels in the environment of public and residential areas, applied for residential areas: Hotels, administration offices, Houses, apartment houses, etc.

Table 1.32 Vibration at plan area (5 hours average) in dry season

Sample Vibration (dB)

N1 61.1 N3 63.0 N4 61.3 N8 47.9

N11 60.1 N12 62.5 N19 42.5 N20 43.3

Table 1.33 Vibration at plan area (24 hours average) in rainy season

Sample Vibration (dB)

N1 62.6 N3 61.8 N4 58.7 N8 48.9

N11 51.8 N12 55.9 N19 45.8 N20 45.3

0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4

Vibration(dB)

Station



TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.54 Variation of vibration values at plan area from 7am to 7pm




0.0

10.0

20.0

30.0

40.0

50.0

60.0

70.0

80.0

N2 N5 N6 N7 N9 N10 N13 N14 N15 N16 A3 A4

Vibration(dB)

Station



TCVN 6962:2001

Figure 1.55 Variation of vibration values at plan area from 7pm to 7am

Except N2, N5 and N16, noise values at other station are lower than the limit level of 70dB referred to Project Noise Standards and the values in the dry season are not significantly different from the ones in the rainy season.

In shifts 1 and 2 (6am to 10pm), the noise values at N2, N5 and N16 exceed the limit level of Project Noise Standards. This can be explained byt the fact that these stations are located near the road where a lot of automobiles and trucks travel. Beside the affection of vehicles, the other stations (N5 and N16) are located near leveling works so that the noise values at these stations are higher than the normal level.

All vibration values in the plan area are lower than limit level stipulated in Vietnamese standard (TCVN 6962:2001). At all stations, the disparity of vibration values between the dry and rainy seasons is not noticeable.

There are not significant differences in the noise values as well as vibration among measured times ( 1- hour, 5 hours and 24 – hours).

7.2.2 Characteristics of Sediment/Soil Sediment grain size distribution Analytical results of sediment grain size distribution are summarized in Tables 1.34 and 1.35.




Table 1.34 Summary results of grain size distribution characteristics of soil sample – Dry season (February, 2009)

STATION MEAN PHI STANDARD DEVIATION

(PHI)

SKEW- NESS

KUR- TOSIS

% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE VISUAL DESCRIPTION

B-2 3.52 1.73 0.96 4.92 0.89 19.66 Moderate Very Fine Sand There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was black mud.

B-3 3.16 1.44 1.84 8.53 0.64 10.25 Good Very Fine Sand There was seaweed in the sediment. Sediment was mud.

Table 1.35 Summary results of grain size distribution characteristics of soil sample –

Rainy season (August, 2008)


(PHI)

SKEW- NESS

KUR- TOSIS

% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE VISUAL DESCRIPTION

B-2 1.55 1.31 1.65 11.16 3.20 3.00 Good Medium Sand

There were shell fragments and bivalves in the sediment. Sediment was mud.

B-3 3.80 1.86 1.38 4.20 0.00 23.79 Moderate Very Fine Sand

There were shell fragments and bivalves in the sediment. Sediment was mud.

It is noted that, sediment at station B2 in the rainy season is coarser than that in the dry season. By visual observation, dry season environmental status at station B2 is contaminated because of many waste sources. Hydrocarbon in sediment/soil Results from sediment/soil hydrocarbon analysis are summarized in Table 1.36 and 1.37

Table 1.36 Summary results of hydrocarbon composition of soil sample – Dry season (February, 2009) (µg/g)


B-2 14 2.2 4 0.7 6 19 B-3 2 1.8 4 3.8 1 5

Table 1.37 Summary results of hydrocarbon composition of soil sample –

Rainy season (Aug, 2008) (µg/g)


B-2 2 0.3 2.2 0.9 7 2 B-3 2 1.8 3.9 2.9 1 4




Table 1.38 Summary results of hydrocarbon composition of soil sample – Dry season (February, 2009) (µg/g dry weight)

Station UCM ∑n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /∑n-C13-35 THC % TOM

D-1 2 2.0 3.5 0.9 1 6 1.9 D-2 1 0.4 2.1 0.8 3 3 0.5 D-3 18 3.3 1.6 0.7 5.4 28 4.4 D-4 2 0.7 3.9 0.7 2 4 0.9 D-5 2 1.4 2.7 0.8 1 5 1.7 D-6 2 1.8 4.4 0.8 1 6 2.0 D-7 76 2.0 2.2 0.4 38 84 2.8 D-8 7 0.6 1.6 0.9 11 16 1.6 D-9 5 2.4 7.4 0.5 2 9 1.7

Table 1.39 Summary results of hydrocarbon composition of soil sample – Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009) (µg/g dry weight)

Station UCM ∑n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /∑n-C13-35 THC % TOM

D-1 0 1.0 3.8 0.6 0 2 0 D-2 0 0.4 1.9 1.0 1 1 0 D-3 2 0.9 3.8 0.3 2 5 2 D-4 0 0.5 3.9 0.7 1 1 0 D-5 3 1.6 4.4 0.8 2 6 3 D-6 2 1.1 4.6 0.5 2 5 2 D-7 205 ND ND ND ND 219 205 D-8 2 0.4 3.0 0.8 4 3 2 D-9 4 2.2 5 0.4 2 8 2.1

Similar to the variation of grain size, the total hydrocarbon contents in the sediment at station B2 in the dry season is much higher than that in the dry season due to the difference of sediment characteristis between two seasons. The total hydrocarbon contents in the soil sample at the sampling stations change over a wide range (from 3 to 84µg/g in dry season and from 1 to 219µg/g in rainy season). In both seasons, the highest value of THC is found at station D-7 station located at Nghi Son fishing village where organic waste of catching and raising maritime products is discharged.




Metal in sediment/soil

Table 1.40 Summary results of metals in sediment samples – Dry season (February, 2009) (µg/g dry weight)

Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g)

Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

B-2 26 34 65 < 1 43 3.1 0.27 B-3 8.4 17 46 < 1 27 1.5 0.052

Table 1.41 Summary results of metals in sediment samples –

Rainy season (August, 2008) (µg/g dry weight)

Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g)

Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

B-2 7 20 31 < 1 3.0 19 0.038 B-3 13 18 46 < 1 3.1 63 0.030

Table 1.42 Summary results of metals in soil samples –

Dry season (Feb., 2009) (µg/g dry weight)

Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g)

Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

D-1 8.3 19 32 < 1 28 1.6 0.12 D-2 9.6 6.9 8.9 < 1 11 0.81 0.069 D-3 17 17 45 < 1 13 1.0 0.074 D-4 5.5 17 29 < 1 17 1.3 0.087 D-5 11 29 57 < 1 28 2.1 0.14 D-6 7.4 27 68 < 1 38 2.4 0.11 D-7 37 19 69 < 1 19 1.9 0.21 D-8 17 24 28 < 1 39 2.4 0.067 D-9 11 15 52 < 1 22 1.5 0.10

QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT(*) 100 300 300 10 - - - (*): QCVN 03:2008: National technical regulation on the allowable limits of heavy metals in the soils – column applied for industrial soil.

Table 1.43 Summary results of metals in soil samples – Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 1009) (µg/g dry weight)

Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g)

Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

D-1 14 22 42 < 1 2.1 38 0.048 D-2 14 14 24 < 1 1.5 22 0.040 D-3 17 15 32 < 1 0.87 14 <0.02 D-4 7 27 32 < 1 1.9 22 0.034 D-5 12 27 64 < 1 3.4 41 0.050 D-6 11 28 84 < 1 3.1 57 0.034




Station Cu (µg/g)

Pb (µg/g)

Zn (µg/g)

Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g)

Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

D-7 19 27 29 < 1 4.3 52 0.073 D-8 14 46 38 < 1 2.3 39 0.037 D-9 8.2 22 79 < 1 15 1.2 0.066

QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT(*) 100 300 300 10 - - -

At all onshore stations, the metal contents in the soil samples are lower than the limit values of QCVN 03:2008/BTNMT. Except for Hg content, the metal content in the soil fluctuates within a narrow range in both seasons. At all studied stations, Cd contents are found at lower levels than the detection limit (1µg/g). The Fe content in the sediment as well as the soil recorded in the rainy season is much higher than that in the dry season. 7.2.3 The macrobenthic community at the onshore area

The summary result of macrobenthos community at two onshore stations are presented in Table 1.44 and Figures 1.56 to 1.61. The detailed results are showed in Appendix B.

Table 1.44 The parameters of macrobenthos community at two onshore stations in rainy and dry seasons


(taxa/0.3m2) Density (ind./m2)

Biomass (g/m2) H(s) J C

Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain

B2 2 14 23 770.00 0.34 191.23 0.59 1.08 0.59 0.28 0.73 0.72

B3 12 10 83 86.67 4.61 0.19 3.04 2.80 0.85 0.84 0.18 0.19

Average 7.0 12 53.3 428.3 2.48 95.71 1.82 1.94 0.72 0.56 0.46 0.46

It is evident that the macrobenthos community is much different in number of taxon, density as well as biomass. They are high or low according to the sampling location as well as the sampling season (Table 1.44). The community indices are also much different between stations. However, it is similar between seasons. They indices are good at station B3 but poor at station B2. The composition of taxon quantity, density and biomass are presented on Figure 1.56; 1.57; 1.58; 1.59; 1.60 and 1.61. There are 4 groups of benthic fauna identified including Polychaeta, Crustacea, Mollusca and Echinodermata. Polychaeta represent the largest portion of taxon quantity; followed in turn by Crustacea or Mollusca and Echinodermata. In density, Mollusca group takes the largest portion; the second large portion belongs to Polychaeta then Crustacea. Biomass changes considerably between seasons as well as between sampling stations; in the rainy season, the biomass value is too very high based on the increasing biomass of Mollusca. Therefore, the biomass portion is the highest in this season; in the dry season the largest portion belongs to Crustacea.




0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

B2 B3

Dens

ity (I

nd./m

2 )

Station

PO MO EC CR

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

B2 B3

Den

sity

(Ind

./m2 )

Station

CR EC MO PO

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

B2 B3

Station

Num

ber

of t

axon

CR EC MO PO

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

B2 B3

Station

Num

ber

of t

axon

CR EC MO PO

Figure 1.56 Taxon composition of each macrobenthic group on dry season

Figure 1.57 Taxon composition of each macrobenthic group on rainy season

Figure 1.58 Density composition of each macrobenthic group on dry season

Figure 1.59 Density composition of each macrobenthic group on rainy season




7.2.4 Physical-chemical characteristics of water Surface water The surface water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.45 to 1.50.

Table 1.45 Analytical results of physical characteristics of surface water at the onshore area – Dry season (February, 2009)

In-situ measurement

No. Samples pH Salinity ‰ Temp. oC

1 WB - 2.1 7.4 31 23 2 WB - 2.2 7.5 32 23

Average 7.5 31 23 3 WB - 3.1 7.2 32 22 4 WB - 3.2 7.2 32 22

Average 7.2 32 22 QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 – 9 - -

QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT, column B2: National technical regulation on surface water quality

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

5.0

B2 B3

Bio

mas

s (In

d./m

2 )

Station

CR EC MO PO

0.0

0.1

1.0

10.0

100.0

1000.0

B2 B3S t a t i on

CR EC MO PO

Figure 1.60 Biomass composition of each macrobenthic group on dry season

Figure 1.61 Biomass composition of each macrobenthic group on rainy season




Table 1.46 Analytical results of physical characteristics of surface water at the onshore area – Rainy season (August, 2008)

In-situ measurement

No. Samples pH Salinity ‰ Temp. oC

1 WB - 2.1 7.4 32 27 2 WB - 2.2 7.5 32 28

Average 7.5 32 28 3 WB - 3.1 7.3 32 27 4 WB - 3.2 7.2 31 28

Average 7.3 31 27 QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 – 9 - -

Table 1.47 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of surface water

at the onshore areas – Dry season (February, 2009)

Parameters (mg/l)

No Sample TSS

Oil and grease (mg/l)

NH4+ SO42- Total

N Total

P Phenol TOC Benzene CN- BOD COD

Coliform (MPN/100

ml)

1 B - 2.1 30 0.010 0.047 1400 0.87 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.7 17

2 B - 2.2 30 0.011 0.045 1400 0.82 0.018 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7 21

Average 30 0.011 0.046 1400 0.84 0.023 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.57 1.7 19

3 B - 3.1 17 0.012 <0.004 1300 1.05 0.016 <0.001 2.9 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8 21

4 B - 3.2 16 0.012 <0.004 1300 1.02 0.014 <0.001 2.8 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 22

Average 17 0.012 <0.004 1300 1.03 0.015 <0.001 2.8 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.8 22

QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT

100 0.3 1 - - - 0.02 - - 0.02 25 50 10000

QCVN 08: 2008/BTNMT, column B2: National technical regulation on surface water quality

Table 1.48 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of surface water at the onshore areas – Rainy season (August, 2008)

Parameters (mg/l) No. Sample

TSS Oil and grease NH4+ Total N Total P Phenol TOC Benzene CN- BOD Coliform

(MPN/100ml)

1 WB - 2.1 6.5 0.010 <0.004 0.70 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.85 130

2 WB - 2.2 5.1 0.011 <0.004 0.70 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 79

Average 5.8 0.011 <0.004 0.70 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.79 105

3 WB - 3.1 28 0.012 0.060 1.01 <0.007 <0.001 3.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 2.59 14

4 WB - 3.2 25 0.012 0.061 1.04 <0.007 <0.001 3.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 2.63 7

Average 26 0.012 0.060 1.03 <0.007 <0.001 3.35 < 0.001 < 0.007 2.61 11

QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT

100 0.3 1 - - 0.02 - - 0.02 25 10000




Table 1.49 Analytical results of metals of surface water at the onshore areas – Dry season (Feb., 2009)

Sample Cu

(mg/l) Pb

(mg/l) Zn

(mg/l) Cd

(mg/l) Cr

(mg/l) Fe

(mg/l) Hg

(mg/l) B - 2.1 <0.005 0.004 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.34 < 0.001 B - 2.2 <0.005 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.32 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005-0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.33 < 0.001 B - 3.1 <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.24 < 0.001 B - 3.2 <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.25 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.24 < 0.001 QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.05 2 0.01 0.05 2 0.002 QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT, Column B2: National technical regulation on surface water quality

Table 1.50 Analytical results of metals of surface water at the onshore areas – Rainy season (August, 2008)

Station Cu (mg/l)

Pb (mg/l)

Zn (mg/l)

Cd (mg/l)

Cr (mg/l)

Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l)

WB - 2.1 <0.005 0.002 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001

WB - 2.2 <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001-0.002 <0.005-0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.12 < 0.001

WB - 3.1 <0.005 0.001 0.021 <0.005 < 0.02 0.50 < 0.001

WB - 3.2 <0.005 0.006 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.73 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 0.61 < 0.001

QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.05 2 0.01 0.05 2 0.002

All analytical results of surface water in both seasons are quite good and lower than allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT. Phenol, benzene, CN- and some heavy metal contents are found under the detection limit of analytical methods. TSS, NH4+ and total P contents at station B2 in the dry season is much higher than the in rainy season. It agrees with visual observations that in the dry season, environmental status is considerably worse than that in the rainy season. The total oil content and presence of trace metals are the major parameters used for water quality assessment. A certain amount of these matters come from various sources such as industrial or shipping wastes. Meanwhile, nitrogen and phosphorous compounds are related to plant nutrients. Various human activities might greatly accelerate the concentration of these compounds in water, especially in natural lakes.




0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

7.0

8.0

9.0

B‐2 B‐3

pH

Station

pH‐Dry season

pH‐Rainy season

Figure 1.62 Variation of pH at onshore sampling stations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

B‐2 B‐3

Salinity ‰

Station



Figure 1.63 Variation of Salinity at onshore sampling stations




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

B‐2 B‐3

Temp. oC

Station

Temp‐Dry season

Temp‐Rainy season

Figure 1.64 Variation of Temperature at onshore sampling stations

0.05.0

10.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.0

B‐2 B‐3

TSS (mg/l )

Station

TSS‐Dry season

TSS‐Rainy season

Figure 1.65 Variation of TSS content at onshore sampling stations

0.000

0.002

0.004

0.006

0.008

0.010

0.012

0.014

B‐2 B‐3

THC (mg/l)

Station

THC‐Dry season

THC‐Rainy season




Figure 1.66 Variation of THC content at onshore sampling stations

0.0000.0100.0200.0300.0400.0500.0600.0700.0800.0900.100

B‐2 B‐3

NH4+ (mg/l)

Station

NH4‐Dry season

NH4‐Rainy season

Figure 1.67 Variation of NH4+ content at onshore sampling stations

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

B‐2 B‐3

Total P (mg/l)

Station

Total P‐Dry season

Total P‐Rainy season

Figure 1.68 Variation of Total P content at onshore sampling stations




Figure 1.69 Variation of Total N content at onshore sampling stations

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.0

B‐2 B‐3

TOC (mg/l )

Station

TOC‐Dry season

TOC‐Rainy season

Figure 1.70 Variation of TOC content at onshore sampling stations

0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00

B‐2 B‐3

BOD (mg/l )

Station

BOD‐Dry season

BOD‐Rainy season

Figure 1.71 Variation of BOD content at onshore sampling stations




00.20.40.60.81

1.21.41.61.82

B‐2 B‐3

COD

Station

COD‐Dry season

COD‐Rainy season

Figure 1.72 Variation of COD content at onshore sampling stations Ground water

The ground water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.51 to 1.56.

Table 1.51 Analytical results of physical characteristics of ground water – Dry season (Feb., 2009)


pH Color (Co/Pt) 1 G - 1 6.3 225 2 G - 2 6.7 22 3 G - 3 7.0 <5 4 G - 4 5.1 <5 5 G - 5 7.1 <5 6 G - 6 7.7 <5 7 G - 7 6.7 <5

QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 - 8.5 - Source: QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on underground water quality

Table 1.52 Analytical results of physical characteristics of ground water – Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)


pH Color (Co/Pt) 1 G - 1 6.1 221 2 G - 2 7.1 34 3 G - 3 6.6 3.9 4 G - 4 4.4 1.8 5 G - 5 7.0 1.8 6 G - 6 7.8 <5 7 G - 7 7.3 <5

QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 5.5 - 8.5 -




Table 1.53 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of ground water – Dry season (February, 2009)

Parameter (mg/l)

Sample Mineral oil and grease

NH4+ SO42- NO3- Phenol Cl- Benzene CN- TDS Hardness (mgCaCO3/l)

COD Coliform

(MPN/ 100ml)

Feacal coliform (MPN/ 100ml)

G - 1 0.014 0.066 30 1.39 <0.001 43 < 0.001 < 0.007 295 95 5.0 34 14

G - 2 0.013 0.016 34 1.99 <0.001 53 < 0.001 < 0.007 295 90 3.4 49 14

G - 3 0.011 <0.004 30 1.52 <0.001 39 < 0.001 < 0.007 390 195 1.7 33 23

G - 4 0.014 0.0048 25 1.82 <0.001 58 < 0.001 < 0.007 245 65 2.5 350 240

G - 5 0.008 <0.004 24 0.08 <0.001 30 < 0.001 < 0.007 265 85 2.5 2 0 G - 6 0.011 <0.004 42 1.25 <0.001 84 < 0.001 < 0.007 640 220 1.7 110 2 G - 7 0.012 0.017 29 0.98 <0.001 78 < 0.001 < 0.007 600 250 5.6 790 5

QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT - 0.1 400 15 0.001 250 - 0.01 - 500 4 3 -

Table 1.54 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of ground water –

Rainy season (August, 2008 and June, 2009)

Parameter (mg/l)

Sample Mineral oil and grease

NH4+ SO42- NO3- Phenol Cl- Benzene CN- TDS Hardness (mgCaCO3/l)

COD Coliform

(MPN/ 100ml)

Feacal coliform (MPN/ 100ml)

G - 1 0.024 0.037 11 0.19 <0.001 50 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 40 11 3400 1700

G - 2 0.012 0.12 26 0.21 <0.001 106 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 160 3.5 140 27

G - 3 0.011 0.011 21 1.7 <0.001 71 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 370 7.1 700 33

G - 4 0.014 0.066 41 1.4 <0.001 355 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 320 4.7 49 22

G - 5 0.006 <0.004 6.7 0.20 <0.001 28 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 180 4.7 23 2

G - 6 0.024 0.037 11 0.19 <0.001 50 < 0.001 < 0.007 - 40 11 3400 1700

G - 7 0.013 0.020 25 1.5 <0.001 91 < 0.001 < 0.007 660 250 5.1 172x10 9x10

QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT - 0.1 400 15 0.001 250 - 0.01 - 500 4 3 -

Table 1.55 Analytical results of metals of ground water – Dry season (Feb., 2009)

Sample Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l) Mn

(mg/l) G - 1 - KL <0.005 0.007 0.017 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001 0.03 G - 2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 0.10 < 0.001 < 0.03 G - 3 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.18 < 0.001 0.68 G - 4 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 0.29 < 0.001 < 0.03 G - 5 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.042 <0.005 < 0.02 0.11 < 0.001 < 0.03 G - 6 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.09 < 0.001 <0.03 G - 7 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.023 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.04

QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.01 3 0.005 0.05 5 0.001 0.5 QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on underground water quality




Table 1.56 Analytical results of metals of ground water – Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009)

Sample Cu (mg/l) Pb (mg/l) Zn (mg/l) Cd (mg/l) Cr (mg/l) Fe (mg/l) Hg (mg/l) Mn

(mg/l) G - 1 - KL 0.029 0.008 0.030 <0.005 0.28 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.12

G - 2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.03

G - 3 - KL 0.005 0.003 0.013 <0.005 0.25 < 0.08 < 0.001 1.40

G - 4 - KL <0.005 0.01 0.15 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.31

G - 5 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.03

G - 6 - KL 0.029 0.008 0.030 <0.005 0.28 < 0.08 < 0.001 0.12

G - 7 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 <0.03 QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT 1 0.01 3 0.005 0.05 5 0.001 0.5

In both seasons, with the exception of station G-1 which is a shallow well, in which the water is turbid and is yellow in color. At all remaining stations, the water of the wells are clear and colorless. In the rainy season as well as in the dry season, most analytical results of ground water are quite good and lower than the allowable limit of QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT, with the exception of coliform levels (at all of stations) and Mn (at station G-3) in ground water, which exceeds the allowable limit. There are no specific standard applicable to ground water stipulated in the Equator Principles at this moment. Phenol, CN-, and most of heavy metal contents are also found lower at levels lower than the detection limits of the analytical methods used.

0.000

0.005

0.010

0.015

0.020

0.025

0.030

0.035

0.040

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

THC (mg/l)

Station

THC‐Dry season

THC‐Rainy season

Figure 1.73 Variation of THC content at ground water sampling stations




0.0000.0200.0400.0600.0800.1000.1200.1400.1600.1800.200

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

NH4+ (mg/l)

Station

NH4‐Dry season

NH4‐Rainy season

Figure 1.74 Variation of NH4+ content at ground water sampling stations

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

SO42‐ (mg/l)

Station

SO4‐Dry season

SO4‐Rainy season

Figure 1.75 Variation of SO42- content at ground water sampling stations

0.000

0.500

1.000

1.500

2.000

2.500

3.000

3.500

4.000

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

NO3‐ (mg/l)

Station

NO3‐Dry season

NO3‐Rainy season

Figure 1.76 Variation of NO3- content at ground water sampling stations




0

100

200

300

400

500

600

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

Cl‐ (mg/l)

Station

Cl‐Dry season

Cl‐Rainy season

Figure 1.77 Variation of Cl- content at ground water sampling stations

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

Hardness (mgCaCO3/l)

Station

Hardness‐Dry season

Hardness‐Rainy season

Figure 1.78 Variation of Hardness content at ground water sampling stations




‐1

1

3

5

7

9

11

13

15

G ‐ 1 G ‐ 2 G ‐ 3 G ‐ 4 G ‐ 5 G ‐ 6 G ‐ 7

COD (mg/l)

Station

COD‐Dry season

COD‐Rainy season

Figure 1.79 Variation of COD content at ground water sampling stations

7.2.5 Planktonic community The summary results for the phytoplankton community at two onshore stations are presented in Table 1.57 and Figures 1.80 to 1.83. The detailed results are showed in Appendix B.

Table 1.57 The parameters of phytoplankton community at two onshore stations in rainy season and dry season


Density (103cells/m3)

H(s) J C Station


B2 19 19 5670 318 2.85 3.27 0.67 0.77 0.26 0.14

B3 15 14 15939 175 2.61 2.07 0.67 0.54 0.20 0.41

Average 17 17 10805 247 2.73 2.67 0.67 0.66 0.23 0.27

The diversity of the phytoplankton community (H(s), taxon quantity) varies considerably between the two studied stations but is similar between seasons. At station B2, both taxon quantity and the diversity index are higher than at station B3. The changing of other parameters (density, J and C) of phytoplankton is within the normal range between both stations between seasons (Table 1.57). Concerning taxon composition, for both seasons, there are 3 phyla present including Bacillariophyta, Dinophyta and Cyanophyta. The Bacillariophyta is the most diverse. It accounts for 73% and 58% of total taxons in both the dry and rainy seasons. Following these are Dianophyta and Cyanophyta (Figure 1.80 and 1.81). In regards to density composition, Bacillariophyta accounts for the largest portion, in the dry season; following which is Cyanophyta and then Dianophyata. However, in the rainy season, the highest portion belongs to Cyanophyta phylum. The portions of the others are nearly equal (see Figure 1.83).




־ Zooplankton The summary results for the zooplankton community at two onshore stations are presented in Table 1.58 and Figures 1.84; 1.85; 1.86 and 1.87. The detail results are showed in Appendix B.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

B2 B3

Station

Num

ber of

tax

on

BA CY DI

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20

B2 B3

Station

Num

ber of

tax

on

BA CY DI

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

B2 B3

Station

Den

sity

(x10

3 cel

l/m3 )

BA CY DI

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

B2 B3

Station

Den

sity

(x10

3 cel

l/m3 )

BA CY DI

Figure 1.82 Density composition of each phytoplankton phylum on dry season

Figure 1.83 Density composition of each phytoplankton phylum on rainy season

Figure 1.80 Taxon composition of each phytoplankton phylum on dry season

Figure 1.81 Taxon composition of each phytoplankton phylum on rainy season




Table 1.58 The parameters of zooplankton community at two onshore stations in rainy and dry seasons

The parameters of zooplankton community show great variation according to location and season. With the exception of density, all other indices are at relatively poor levels; especially at B2 where just one taxon is present in the rainy season. At both of the two studied stations, the density in the dry season is much higher than that in the rainy season (see Table 1.58). In regards to taxon composition, there are four groups presented including Copepoda, Ostracoda, Chaetognata and Larva. The taxon of larva group is not defined. Copepoda is predominantly present in both seasons as well as at both stations. Ostracoda is only present in the dry season while Chaetognata is only present in the rainy season (see Figure 7.2.5.5 and 7.2.5.6)

In regards to the density composition, Copepoda also represents the largest portion in the dry season and accounts for the second largest portion in the rainy season. The larva group represents the greatest portion in terms of density in both seasons. (See figure 7.2.5.7 and 7.2.5.8).

Taxon quantity Density (ind./m3) H(s) J C Station


B2 5.0 1.0 1960.0 300.0 2.05 0.00 0.88 - 0.12 1.00

B3 4.0 4.0 1040.0 360.0 1.69 1.97 0.85 0.99 0.08 0.26

Average 4.5 2.5 1500.0 330.0 1.87 0.99 0.86 0.99 0.10 0.63

0

1

2

3

4

5

B2 B3

Station

Num

ber o

f tax

on

CO OS

0

1

2

3

4

5

B2 B3Station

Num

ber o

f tax

on

CH CO






0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

B2 B3

Station

Den

sity

(x10

3 /m3 )

CO LA OS

0

100

200

300

400

500

B2 B3

Station

Den

sity

(x10

3 /m3 )

CH CO LA

Figure 1.86 Density composition of each zooplankton group on dry season

Figure 1.87 Density composition of each zooplankton group on rainy season




7.3 Coastal area 7.3.1 Characteristics of seabed sediment Grain size distribution in seabed sediment Grain size distribution in seabed sediment is summarized in Tables 1.59 to 1.60. A visual description of surface sediment and sampling times are detailed in Appendix A – Survey log.

Table 1.59 Summary results of grain size parameters in sediment sample – Dry season (Feb. 2009)


(PHI) SKEW-NESS KUR-TOSIS

% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

K-7 5.11 1.89 0.59 2.49 0.00 57.63 Moderate Medium Silt Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

K-8 2.43 2.28 0.79 4.04 5.60 11.56 Poor Fine Sand Sediment was a mixture of sand and a little mud.

K-9 4.78 1.87 0.91 2.68 0.00 41.94 Moderate Coarse Silt Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

K-10 3.86 1.42 1.50 7.91 0.69 17.69 Good Very Fine Sand

There were organisms in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of sand and mud.

K-11 5.43 1.91 0.28 2.40 0.00 68.41 Moderate Medium Silt


K-12 5.88 1.80 0.09 2.40 0.00 81.82 Moderate Medium Silt


E-1 3.21 1.40 -0.17 8.91 2.49 6.75 Good Very Fine Sand


E-18 3.74 0.95 3.28 15.69 0.00 10.62 Very Good Very Fine Sand


B-1 3.51 0.53 4.87 46.10 0.00 2.55 Very Good Very Fine Sand

There were shell fragments and bivalves in the sediment. Sediment was sand.

B-4 3.74 1.15 1.76 14.21 0.84 9.68 Good Very Fine Sand







% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION



B-6 3.48 0.73 -2.22 38.94 1.23 2.42 Very Good Very Fine Sand


B-7 2.06 2.30 0.43 3.17 13.26 12.81 Poor Fine Sand

There was seaweed in the sediment. Sediment was mud.

B-8 4.44 1.85 1.12 3.32 0.03 33.32 Moderate Coarse Silt Sediment was a mixture of sand and mud

B-9 6.39 1.61 -0.27 3.30 0.00 93.62 Moderate Fine Silt Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand



B-11 2.15 3.09 0.55 2.26 20.23 23.74 Extremely Poor Fine Sand


Table 1.60 Summary results of grain size parameters in sediment sample –

Rainy season (August 2008 and June 2009)



% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

K-7 5.66 2.08 -0.27 3.01 0.66 75.50 Poor Medium Silt


K-8 3.42 1.48 1.79 7.39 0.34 15.11 Good Very Fine Sand


K-9 4.93 2.16 0.41 2.10 0.00 53.68 Poor Coarse Silt Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

K-10 3.71 2.16 0.57 3.71 2.61 29.45 Poor Very Fine Sand

There was a little organism and shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of sand and mud.

K-11 6.12 1.77 0.03 2.31 0.00 85.37 Moderate Fine Silt There was a little organism and shell fragments in the






% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

K-12 6.40 1.69 -0.04 2.48 0.00 92.51 Moderate Fine Silt

There was a little organism in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

E-1 3.54 1.69 0.33 6.48 2.61 16.07 Moderate Very Fine Sand


E-18 4.06 1.30 2.33 7.82 0.00 21.28 Good Coarse Silt


B-1 0.95 1.16 1.17 8.74 4.31 1.03 Good Coarse Sand






B-6 2.82 0.72 1.78 22.21 0.38 1.81 Very Good Fine Sand


B-7 3.41 2.73 0.23 2.58 7.89 31.39 Very Poor Very Fine Sand

There were shells. water-plants and mosses in the sediment. Sediment was a mixture of mud and a little sand.

B-8 2.96 1.23 2.59 11.72 0.16 8.31 Good Fine Sand

There were organisms in the sediment. Sediment was sand.

B-9 2.87 1.22 2.94 13.70 0.20 8.13 Good Fine Sand

There were organisms in the sediment. Sediment was sand.



B-11 2.15 3.09 0.55 2.26 20.23 23.74 Extremely Poor Fine Sand

There were shell fragments in the sediment. Sediment was






% COARSE

% FINES

SORTING INDEX

SEDIMENT TYPE

VISUAL DESCRIPTION

sand.

The sediment characteristics in the coastal area vary considerably among stations because of differences in geological characteristics. The sediment at coastal sampling stations are classified as very fine silt to fine sand in the rainy season and is classified as fine silt to fine sand in dry season. It should be noted that, dredging activities in the area of the shipping channel was observed during the dry season survey, so sediment at stations B8 and B9 seem to be finer than found in the rainy survey.

It was also recorded that sediment at station B1 is significantly different between the two sampling seasons. This may be due to the fact that stations B1 is located at the estuary of Bang River, which is noticeably effected by the current, and the weather from season to season.

0.00

1.00

2.00

3.00

4.00

5.00

6.00

7.00

B‐1 B‐4 B‐5 B‐6 B‐7 B‐8 B‐9 B‐10 B‐11 E‐1 E‐18 K‐7 K‐8 K‐9 K‐10 K‐11 K‐12

Mean phi

Station

Mean phi‐Dry season

Mean phi‐Rainy season

Figure 1.88 Variation of Mean phi at coastal sampling stations

0.00

10.00

20.00

30.00

40.00

50.00

60.00

70.00

80.00

90.00

100.00


%Fines

Station

%Fines‐Dry season

%Fines‐Rainy season

Figure 1.89 Variation of fine content at coastal sampling stations




Hydrocarbons in sediment Analytical results of hydrocarbon composition are summarized in Tables 1.61 and 1.62

Table 1.61 Summary results of hydrocarbon compositions on sediment sample – Dry season (Feb. 2009)


Station UCM �n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /�n-C13-35 THC

K-7 10 1.2 4 1.5 8 13 K-8 1.4 0.3 1 0.7 5 2 K-9 13 1.1 3 1.1 11 16

K-10 5.8 0.9 3 2.3 7 9 K-11 6.1 1.3 4 2.1 5 9 K-12 5.3 1.3 4 2.0 4 8 E-1 2 0.4 3 2.1 5 2

E-18 2 0.4 1 0.6 6 2 B-1 2 0.3 1 0.8 9 3 B-4 2 0.4 1 1.2 5 2 B-5 2 0.2 1 1.1 8 2 B-6 2 0.2 1 0.9 8 2 B-7 4 2.0 4 1.2 2 8 B-8 15 1.5 3 1.1 10 19 B-9 18 2.1 4 3.9 9 23

B-10 2 0.2 2 0.6 10 5 B-11 4 0.9 2 0.8 4 6

Table 1.62 Summary results of hydrocarbon compositions on sediment sample –

Rainy season (Aug. 2008 and June, 2009)

(Average values for each station-g/g) Station UCM �n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /�n-C13-35 THC

K-7 18 1.7 4.2 2.2 11 22 K-8 5 0.6 2.3 1.7 9 7 K-9 29 1.1 2.8 1.4 26 32

K-10 2 0.4 3.0 1.3 6 3 K-11 7 1.3 4.1 3.7 5 9 K-12 6 1.4 4.1 3.0 4 9 E-1 1 0.3 1.6 0.6 6 3

E-18 1 0.3 1.5 1.1 5 3 B-1 2 0.2 1.0 0.9 10 2 B-4 1 0.2 1.5 1.7 7 2 B-5 1 0.2 1.7 1.7 8 2 B-6 1 0.2 1.5 1.7 6 2 B-7 11 2.2 3.8 0.9 5 17 B-8 10 0.6 2.6 1.1 17 11




Station UCM �n-C13-35 CPI Pr./Ph. UCM /�n-C13-35 THC B-9 7 0.3 1.5 1.0 26 8

B-10 2 0.2 2 0.6 10 3 B-11 4 0.9 2 0.8 4 6

THC values at the coastal sampling stations vary within a wide range in both the rainy and dry seasons (from 2 to 23 µg/g in dry season and from 2 to 32 in rainy season). All THC values are in low.

Similarly to grain size distribution, THC value at stations B8, B9 and K9 greatly differ between the rainy season and the dry season because of the deredging activities in the area of the shipping channel are observed in dry survey.

All CPI values (Carbon Preference Index) are higher in both the rainy and dry seasons. This corresponds to odd chain length n-alkanes predominating in comparison with even chain lengths. This is a feature of the hydrocarbon distributions found in plants and other biological compounds. Non-petrogenic hydrocarbons contribute a given proportion in the total hydrocarbon compositions.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35


THC

Station

THC‐Dry season

THC‐Rainy season

Figure 1.90 Variation of THC content at coastal sampling stations Metals in sediment Analytical results of metals in sediment are summarized in Tables 1.63 and 1.64.

Table 1.63 Summary results of metals in sediment samples – Dry season (Feb. 2009)


Station Cu (µg/g) Pb

(µg/g) Zn (µg/g) Cd (µg/g)

Cr (µg/g)

V (µg/g) Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

K-7 30 32 77 < 1 54 < 63 - 0.106 K-8 14 17 50 < 1 41 < 63 - 0.114 K-9 23 13 71 < 1 48 < 63 - 0.034

K-10 12 8.5 55 < 1 33 < 63 - 0.031 K-11 27 16 73 < 1 53 < 63 - 0.024






Cr (µg/g)

V (µg/g) Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

K-12 29 16 73 < 1 43 < 63 - 0.049 E-1 10 <6 52 < 1 38 < 63 - <0.02

E-18 10 17 60 < 1 42 < 63 - 0.17 B-1 8 20 58 < 1 41 - 2.7 0.074 B-4 8 21 48 < 1 1.9 - 32 0.046 B-5 8 20 45 < 1 1.9 - 31 0.053 B-6 8 14 49 < 1 2.0 - 34 0.061 B-7 9 17 41 < 1 1.6 - 23 0.067 B-8 23 20 62 < 1 2.7 - 47 0.14 B-9 28 27 64 < 1 2.6 - 50 0.15

B-10 16 21 53 < 1 37 - 2.4 0.07 B-11 21 23 54 < 1 39 - 2.4 0.13

Table 1.64 Summary results of metals in sediment samples – dry season (Feb. 2009)




Cr (µg/g)

V (µg/g) Fe (%)

Hg (µg/g)

K-7 40 36 73 < 1 98 < 63 - 0.092 K-8 16 21 55 < 1 56 < 63 - 0.044 K-9 27 26 53 < 1 65 < 63 - 0.053

K-10 14 15 39 < 1 49 < 63 - 0.022 K-11 32 33 59 < 1 72 < 63 - 0.055 K-12 31 33 58 < 1 70 < 63 - 0.053 E-1 9.3 14 58 < 1 40 < 63 - 0.076

E-18 8.9 17 51 < 1 33 < 63 - 0.027 B-1 5 27 22 < 1 16 - 2.2 0.051 B-4 11 16 49 < 1 3.0 - 48 0.030

B-5 11 15 49 < 1 3.6 - 50 0.024

B-6 11 24 58 < 1 4.4 - 55 0.031

B-7 15 24 37 < 1 1.9 - 41 0.045

B-8 12 20 43 < 1 3.1 - 40 0.041

B-9 14 26 38 < 1 2.7 - 44 0.050

B-10 15 21 46 < 1 28 - 2.3 0.062

B-11 7.7 18 51 < 1 24 - 2.3 0.033

Among selected metals, Cd and V are found at lower than the detection limit of the AAS method. Metal content is not much changed from season to season for most of coastal sampling stations accept at stations B8, B9 where deredging activities were observed during the dry season survey.




0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45


Cu (µg/g)

Station

Cu‐Dry season

Cu‐Rainy season

Figure 1.91 Variation of Cu content at coastal sampling stations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Pb (µg/g)

Station

Pb‐Dry season

Pb‐Rainy season

Figure 1.92 Variation of Pb content at coastal sampling stations

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90


Zn (µg/g)

Station

Zn‐Dry season

Zn‐Rainy season

Figure 1.93 Variation of Zn content at coastal sampling stations




0

20

40

60

80

100

120


Cr (µg/g)

Station

Cr‐Dry season

Cr‐Rainy season

Figure 1.94 Variation of Cr content at coastal sampling stations

0.000

0.020

0.040

0.060

0.080

0.100

0.120

0.140

0.160

0.180


Hg (µg/g)

Station

Hg‐Dry season

Hg‐Rainy season

Figure 1.95 Variation of Hg content at coastal sampling stations

7.3.2 Characteristic of macrobenthic community The summary result for the macrobenthos community at coastal stations are presented in Table 1.65 and Figures 1.96 to 1.101. The detailed results are shown in Appendix B.




Table 1.65 The parameters of macrobenthos community at two onshore stations in rainy season and dry season



B1 28 15 367 193 8.40 26.20 3.17 3.04 0.66 0.78 0.26 0.19

B4 41 31 1567 580 125.22 21.40 1.94 3.64 0.36 0.73 0.55 0.14

B5 44 21 3080 807 286.04 17.07 0.97 1.22 0.18 0.28 0.81 0.72

B6 24 21 10527 6090 607.05 305.71 0.20 0.31 0.04 0.07 0.97 0.94

B7 3 7 117 340 47.10 6.67 0.37 0.99 0.24 0.35 0.05 0.68

B8 25 16 220 163 3.90 0.75 4.31 3.15 0.93 0.79 0.06 0.17

B9 4 17 17 253 0.53 1.09 1.92 3.35 0.96 0.82 0.28 0.14

B10 23 20 4953 1073 299.95 71.46 0.45 2.62 0.10 0.61 0.91 0.25

B11 65 37 1023 1473 42.29 21.76 5.06 2.91 0.84 0.56 0.05 0.24

K7 54 30 597 520 4.83 17.60 4.96 3.36 0.86 0.69 0.06 0.17

K8 34 61 277 1400 11.10 13.69 4.36 4.33 0.86 0.73 0.09 0.13

K9 7 8 23 83 8.99 1.27 2.81 1.92 1.00 0.64 0.14 0.43

K10 15 22 207 237 11.29 4.75 2.71 3.76 0.69 0.84 0.24 0.11

K11 41 32 490 217 4.17 6.92 4.30 4.59 0.80 0.92 0.10 0.05

K12 26 38 130 710 0.18 32.90 4.53 3.75 0.96 0.71 0.05 0.15

E1 39 54 480 1970 11.97 96.63 4.36 3.70 0.83 0.64 0.09 0.17

E18 25 42 553 880 7.88 44.96 3.40 3.06 0.73 0.57 0.16 0.33

Average 29 28 1449 999 87.11 40.64 2.93 2.92 0.65 0.63 0.29 0.29

Max 65 61 10527 6090 607.05 305.71 5.06 4.59 1.00 0.92 0.97 0.94

Min 3 7 17 83 0.18 0.75 0.20 0.31 0.04 0.07 0.05 0.05

The parameters for the macrobenthos community at the stations in the coastal area differ among stations as well as between stations. On average, however, almost all parameters (except biomass and density) are similar between seasons. At some stations such as B5, B6, B7, B10, the community parameters are at poor levels. However, at other stations such as K8, K11, K12 the parameters are at good levels. Density and biomass are are the parameters which show the greatest variation between sampling stations as well as between seasons (see Table 1.65). At stations B10, B5, B4 and especially at B6, density and biomass are elevated due to the strong development one mollusk species. Regarding the composition, there are 4 groups including Polychaeta, Crustacean, Mollusca and Echinodermata in which, Polychaeta represents the largest portion in terms of taxon quantity, followed by Crustacean, Mollusca and Echinodermata; the Mollusca group represents the largest portion of density as well as biomass, with other groups similar in terms of taxon quantity (Figure 1.96 to 1.101).




0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

B1

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11 K7

K8

K9

K10

K11

K12 E1

E18

Station

Den

sity

(Ind

./m2 )

CR EC MO PO

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

B1

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11 K7

K8

K9

K10

K11

K12 E1

E18

Station

Den

sity

(Ind

./m2 )

CR EC MO PO

Figure 1.96 Density portion of each group of zooplanton on dry season

Figure 1.97 Density portion of each group of zooplankton on rainy season



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

B1

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B1

0

B1

1

K7

K8

K9

K1

0

K1

1

K1

2

E1

E1

8

Station

Num

ber

of t

axon

CR EC MO PO

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

B1

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11 K

7

K8

K9

K10

K11

K12 E

1

E18

Station

Num

ber

of t

axon

CR EC MO PO




7.3.3 Physical-chemical characteristics of surface water The sea water analytical results are presented in Tables 1.66 to 1.71.

Table 1.66 Analytical results of physical characteristics of seawater – Dry season (Feb., 2009)

In-situ measurement

No. Samples pH DO (mg/l)

Salinity (‰)

Temp. (oC)

1 K - 7.1 7.6 5.6 32.9 24.1 2 K - 7.2 7.5 5.4 32.8 24.2

Average 7.5 5.5 32.9 24.1 3 K - 8.1 7.9 5.7 32.4 24.3 4 K - 8.2 7.7 5.3 32.6 24.5

Average 7.8 5.5 32.5 24.4 5 K - 9.1 7.8 5.7 32.3 24.3 6 K - 9.2 7.7 5.4 32.2 24.4

Average 7.7 5.6 32.3 24.4 7 K - 10.1 7.6 6.0 32.3 24.1 8 K - 10.2 7.8 6.0 32.1 24.3

Average 7.7 6.0 32.3 24.2 9 K - 11.1 7.6 5.6 32.5 24.6 10 K - 11.2 7.5 5.6 32.4 24.3

Average 7.5 5.6 32.5 24.5 11 K - 12.1 7.7 6.0 33.1 24.1 12 K - 12.2 7.8 5.9 32.6 24.2

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

B1

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B1

0

B1

1

K7

K8

K9

K1

0

K1

1

K1

2

E1

E1

8

Bio

mas

s (In

d./m

2 )

Station

CR EC MO PO

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

Station

Bio

mas

s (In

d./m

2 )

CR EC MO PO







pH DO (mg/l) Salinity

(‰) Temp.

(oC) Average 7.7 6.0 32.9 24.2

13 E - 1.1 7.7 5.6 33 25 14 E - 1.2 7.6 5.8 33 25

Average 7.7 5.7 33 25 15 E - 18.1 7.7 5.9 33 25 16 E - 18.2 7.5 5.2 32 24

Average 7.6 5.6 33 25 17 B - 1.1 7.8 - 31 23 18 B - 1.2 7.7 - 32 23

Average 7.8 - 31 23 19 B - 4.1 7.8 - 32 22 20 B - 4.2 7.8 - 32 23

Average 7.8 - 32 22 21 B - 5.1 7.7 - 32 22 22 B - 5.2 7.8 - 32 23

Average 7.8 - 32 23 23 B - 6.1 7.7 - 32 23 24 B - 6.2 7.7 - 32 23

Average 7.7 - 32 23 25 B - 7.1 7.7 - 28 22 26 B - 7.2 7.7 - 29 22

Average 7.7 - 29 22 27 B - 8.1 7.8 - 33 25 28 B - 8.2 7.8 - 33 24

Average 7.8 - 33 24 29 B - 9.1 7.8 - 33 25 30 B - 9.2 7.8 - 33 24

Average 7.8 - 33 24 31 B - 10.1 7.8 - 32 24 32 B - 10.2 7.8 - 33 23

Average 7.8 - 33 23 33 B - 11.1 7.8 - 32 24 34 B - 11.2 7.8 - 32 23

Average 7.8 - 32 24 QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT 6.5 – 8.5 - - -

Equator Principles (CCC) 6.5 – 8.5 - - - QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality

Table 1.67 Analytical results of physical characteristics of seawater – Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009)

No. Samples In-situ measurement





(‰) Temp.

(oC) 1 K - 7.1 7.6 5.6 29 27

2 K - 7.2 7.6 5.2 29 27

Average 7.6 5.4 29 27

3 K - 8.1 7.7 5.7 29 26

4 K - 8.2 7.6 5.4 29 26

Average 7.7 5.6 29 26

5 K - 9.1 7.3 5.9 30 26

6 K - 9.2 7.2 5.4 31 26

Average 7.2 5.6 31 26

7 K - 10.1 7.5 5.7 30 26

8 K - 10.2 7.4 5.1 31 27

Average 7.4 5.4 31 27

9 K - 11.1 7.4 5.9 30 27

10 K - 11.2 7.4 5.4 31 26

Average 7.4 5.6 30 26

11 K - 12.1 7.4 5.8 30 27

12 K - 12.2 7.5 5.4 31 27

Average 7.5 5.6 31 27

13 E - 1.1 7.6 5.7 30 27

14 E - 1.2 7.6 5.5 29 27

Average 7.6 5.6 30 27

15 E - 18.1 7.5 5.8 29 27

16 E - 18.2 7.5 5.4 30 26

Average 7.5 5.6 30 26

17 B - 1.1 7.7 - 32.0 27.3

18 B - 1.2 7.7 - 32.0 28.0

Average 7.7 - 32.0 27.7

19 B - 4.1 7.7 - 31.5 27.0

20 B - 4.2 7.7 - 32.0 28.0

Average 7.7 - 31.8 27.5

21 B - 5.1 7.7 - 31.7 26.8

22 B - 5.2 7.8 - 32.0 28.0

Average 7.8 - 31.9 27.4

7 B - 6.1 7.8 - 32.1 26.6

8 B - 6.2 7.7 - 32.0 28.0

Average 7.8 - 32.1 27.3

23 B - 7.1 7.8 - 29.0 27.5






(‰) Temp.

(oC) 24 B - 7.2 7.6 - 28.0 29.0

Average 7.7 - 28.5 28.3

25 B - 8.1 7.7 - 32.5 26.5

26 B - 8.2 7.6 - 33.0 28.0

Average 7.7 - 32.8 27.3

27 B - 9.1 7.8 - 32.8 27.6

28 B - 9.2 7.7 - 33.0 29.0

Average 7.7 - 32.9 28.3

29 B - 10.1 7.8 - 28 26

30 B - 10.2 7.7 - 30 25

Average 7.7 - 29 25

31 B - 11.1 7.7 - 28 26

32 B - 11.2 7.8 - 29 25

Average 7.7 - 28 26

QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT 6.5 – 8.5 - - -

Equator Principles (CCC) 6.5 – 8.5 - - -

Environmental baseline survey for project of Nghi Son Refinery and Petrochemical Plant Final report


Table 1.68 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of seawater in – Dry season (Feb., 2009)


TSS THC(*) NH4+ SO42- NO2- NO3- Total N Total P Phenol TOC Benzene CN- BOD COD Coliform (MPN/

100ml)

1 B - 1.1 18 0.014 0.061 2320 - - 0.96 0.023 <0.001 1.3 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 70

2 B - 1.2 17 0.013 0.057 2300 - - 0.90 0.016 <0.001 1.4 <0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8 26

Average 18 0.013 0.059 2310 - - 0.93 0.019 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 <0.007 0.7 1.9 48

3 B - 4.1 17 0.022 0.054 2360 - - 0.59 0.017 <0.001 1.2 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8 240

4 B - 4.2 16 0.022 0.049 2360 - - 0.61 0.019 <0.001 1.2 <0.001 < 0.007 1.1 2.4 79

Average 16 0.022 0.051 2360 - - 0.60 0.018 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.89 2.1 160

5 B - 5.1 14 0.01 0.062 2320 - - 0.75 0.033 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.61 1.7 70

6 B - 5.2 14 0.011 0.058 2320 - - 0.72 0.034 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 90

Average 14 0.011 0.06 2320 - - 0.74 0.034 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 80

7 B - 6.1 15 0.0091 0.046 2300 - - 0.56 0.013 <0.001 1.0 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 17

8 B - 6.2 15 0.0091 0.051 2320 - - 0.58 0.013 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.68 1.8 11

Average 15 0.0091 0.049 2310 - - 0.57 0.013 <0.001 1.0 < 0.001 <0.007 0.69 1.9 14

9 B - 7.1 18 0.0083 0.17 2260 - - 0.93 0.055 <0.001 1.9 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9 22

10 B - 7.2 17 0.0087 0.18 2240 - - 0.98 0.056 <0.001 1.8 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7 21

Average 17 0.0085 0.18 2250 - - 0.96 0.055 <0.001 1.9 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.65 1.8 22

11 B - 8.1 15 0.012 0.08 2450 - - 0.56 0.013 <0.001 1.3 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 8

12 B - 8.2 15 0.014 0.078 2430 - - 0.58 0.013 <0.001 1.3 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 11

Average 15 0.013 0.079 2440 - - 0.57 0.013 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.9 10

13 B - 9.1 14 0.009 0.026 2420 - - 0.69 0.006 <0.001 1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.78 2.0 8

14 B - 9.2 14 0.01 0.031 2420 - - 0.68 0.007 <0.001 1.1 <0.001 < 0.007 0.59 1.7 14

Average 14 0.0096 0.028 2420 - - 0.68 0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 11

15 B - 10.1 16 0.009 0.028 2330 - - 0.63 0.018 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 0.93 8

16 B - 10.2 16 0.010 0.023 2350 - - 0.66 0.017 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.85 0.91 11

Average 16 0.009 0.026 2340 - - 0.65 0.017 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.77 0.92 10

17 B - 11.1 14 0.015 0.011 2320 - - 0.60 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.2 11





100ml)

18 B - 11.2 15 0.0074 0.010 2320 - - 0.57 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.76 0.97 8

Average 15 0.011 0.10 2320 - - 0.58 0.028 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.1 10

9 K - 7.1 11 0.012 <0.004 2160 0.018 0.082 0.59 0.031 <0.001 0.031 <0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9 -

10 K - 7.2 11 0.011 <0.004 2180 0.02 0.096 0.57 0.034 <0.001 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -

Average 11 0.011 <0.004 2170 0.019 0.089 0.58 0.032 <0.001 <0.001 <0.001 <0.007 0.69 1.9 -

11 K - 8.1 14 0.014 0.0088 2380 0.034 0.011 0.79 0.037 <0.001 0.037 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -

12 K - 8.2 13 0.0056 0.0099 2360 0.04 0.016 0.83 0.032 <0.001 0.032 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0 -

Average 14 0.01 0.0093 2370 0.037 0.014 0.81 0.034 <0.001 0.034 <0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -

13 K - 9.1 15 0.012 0.014 2370 0.014 0.018 0.55 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -

14 K - 9.2 14 0.0095 0.015 2360 0.014 0.023 0.58 0.0084 <0.001 0.0084 <0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 -

Average 14 0.011 0.014 2375 0.014 0.021 0.57 0.021 <0.001 0.01 <0.001 <0.007 0.71 1.9 -

15 K - 10.1 19 0.016 0.0078 2400 0.029 0.0046 0.58 0.020 <0.001 0.02 <0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8 -

16 K - 10.2 20 0.013 0.0093 2380 0.024 0.013 0.55 0.017 <0.001 0.017 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -

Average 19 0.015 0.0086 2390 0.027 0.009 0.56 0.018 <0.001 0.018 <0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -

17 K - 11.1 17 0.018 0.0074 2420 0.019 0.029 0.47 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -

18 K - 11.2 18 0.012 0.01 2430 0.023 0.029 0.45 0.014 <0.001 0.014 <0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -

Average 18 0.015 0.0085 2420 0.021 0.029 0.46 0.013 <0.001 0.013 <0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -

19 K - 12.1 18 0.015 0.0089 2420 0.026 0.028 0.56 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -

20 K - 12.2 19 0.013 0.0073 2410 0.024 0.035 0.53 0.013 <0.001 0.013 <0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 -

Average 19 0.014 0.0081 2415 0.025 0.032 0.55 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -

1 E - 1.1 13 0.012 0.026 2390 0.015 0.011 0.36 0.011 <0.001 0.011 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 1.9 -

2 E - 1.2 14 0.012 0.027 2390 0.017 0.012 0.46 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0 -

Average 13 0.012 0.026 2390 0.016 0.0.12 0.41 0.012 <0.001 0.012 <0.001 < 0.007 0.75 1.9 -

49 E - 18.1 15 0.015 0.036 2380 0.016 0.011 0.65 0.011 <0.001 0.037 <0.001 < 0.007 0.79 2.0 -

50 E - 18.2 15 0.011 0.043 2360 0.017 0.011 0.63 0.011 <0.001 0.034 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0 -

Average 15 0.013 0.0391 2370 0.017 0.011 0.64 0.011 <0.001 0.035 <0.001 < 0.007 0.8 2.0 -

QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT - 0.2 0.5 - - - - - 0.002 - - 0.01 - - 1000

Equator Principles (CCC) - - - - - - - - - - - 0.001 - - -



QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality (*)THC: Total Oil content

Table 1.69 Analytical results of chemical characteristics of seawater in – Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009)

Parameter (mg/L)

No. Sample TSS THC(*) NH4+ SO42- NO2- NO3- Total N Total P Phenol TOC Benzene CN- BOD COD

Coliform (MPN/ 100ml)

1 B - 1.1 5.3 0.014 <0.004 - - - 0.23 <0.007 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.85 - 210

2 B - 1.2 4.9 0.013 <0.004 - - - 0.22 <0.007 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.75 - 70

Average 5.1 0.013 <0.004 - - - 0.23 <0.007 <0.001 1.2 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.80 - 140

3 B - 4.1 6.0 0.022 0.021 - - - 0.53 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.74 - 27

4 B - 4.2 5.6 0.022 0.022 - - - 0.55 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 - 22

Average 5.8 0.022 0.022 - - - 0.54 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.71 - 25

5 B - 5.1 5.2 0.010 0.024 - - - 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 0.93 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.65 - 46

6 B - 5.2 5.6 0.011 0.023 - - - 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.68 - 4

Average 5.4 0.011 0.023 - - - 0.63 <0.007 <0.001 0.935 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 - 25

7 B - 6.1 6.5 0.009 0.022 - - - 0.64 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.81 - 33

8 B - 6.2 5.5 0.009 0.023 - - - 0.66 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.79 - 22

Average 6.0 0.009 0.023 - - - 0.65 <0.007 <0.001 0.94 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.80 - 28

9 B - 7.1 7.7 0.008 0.50 - - - 1.5 <0.007 <0.001 2.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 4.62 - 170

10 B - 7.2 6.9 0.009 0.49 - - - 1.5 <0.007 <0.001 2.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 4.99 - 79

Average 7.3 0.009 0.50 - - - 1.5 <0.007 <0.001 2.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 4.81 - 125

11 B - 8.1 10 0.012 <0.004 - - - 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.79 - 540

12 B - 8.2 11 0.014 <0.004 - - - 0.51 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.83 - 170

Average 10.5 0.013 <0.004 - - - 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 1.1 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.81 - 355

13 B - 9.1 9.8 0.009 0.024 - - - 0.47 <0.007 <0.001 0.99 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.66 - 170

14 B - 9.2 9.1 0.010 0.025 - - - 0.45 <0.007 <0.001 1.0 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.80 - 79

Average 9.5 0.010 0.024 - - - 0.46 <0.007 <0.001 1.0 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.73 - 125

15 B - 10.1 8.3 0.018 0.039 2210 - - 0.87 0.012 <0.001 1.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.6 - <2





100ml)

16 B - 10.2 8.2 0.014 0.052 2220 - - 0.88 0.013 <0.001 1.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.68 - <2

Average 8.3 0.016 0.046 2215 - - 0.88 0.012 <0.001 1.4 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.64 - <2

17 B - 11.1 10 0.02 0.057 2050 - - 0.69 0.01 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.75 - <2

18 B - 11.2 9.3 0.015 0.049 2070 - - 0.74 0.008 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.81 - <2

Average 9.4 0.017 0.053 2060 - - 0.72 0.009 <0.001 1.3 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.78 - <2

9 K - 7.1 11 0.013 0.17 2120 0.054 0.01 0.65 0.011 <0.001 0.031 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.7 1.9 -

10 K - 7.2 11 0.012 0.092 2200 0.041 0.01 0.59 0.013 <0.001 0.034 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -

Average 11 0.012 0.13 2150 0.048 0.012 0.62 0.012 <0.001 0.032 < 0.001 <0.007 0.69 1.9 -

11 K - 8.1 13 0.014 0.091 2330 0.004 0.00 0.56 0.021 <0.001 0.037 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -

12 K - 8.2 12 0.009 0.1 2350 0.004 0.01 0.84 0.024 <0.001 0.032 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.76 2.0 -

Average 13 0.012 0.097 2340 0.004 0.005 0.70 0.023 <0.001 0.034 < 0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -

13 K - 9.1 14 0.0186 0.015 2240 0.008 0.014 0.61 0.014 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -

14 K - 9.2 14 0.0151 0.013 2250 0.005 0.015 0.60 0.011 <0.001 0.0084 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.74 1.9 -

Average 14 0.017 0.014 2245 0.007 0.015 0.60 0.012 <0.001 0.01 < 0.001 <0.007 0.71 1.9 -

15 K - 10.1 15 0.019 0.024 2120 0.006 0.017 0.59 0.011 <0.001 0.02 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.62 1.8 -

16 K - 10.2 15 0.014 0.02 2140 0.004 0.015 0.56 0.014 <0.001 0.017 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -

Average 15 0.017 0.022 2130 0.005 0.016 0.58 0.013 <0.001 0.018 < 0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -

17 K - 11.1 15 0.017 0.053 2140 0.023 0.011 0.64 0.013 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.67 1.8 -

18 K - 11.2 16 0.012 0.047 2160 0.013 0.013 0.46 0.01 <0.001 0.014 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.69 1.9 -

Average 16 0.015 0.05 2150 0.018 0.012 0.55 0.011 <0.001 0.013 < 0.001 <0.007 0.68 1.8 -

19 K - 12.1 15 0.016 0.061 2220 0.004 0.010 1.34 0.134 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.6 1.7 -

20 K - 12.2 16 0.013 0.065 2230 0.007 0.008 0.55 0.044 <0.001 0.013 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.72 1.9 -

Average 15 0.015 0.063 2225 0.006 0.009 0.94 0.089 <0.001 0.012 < 0.001 <0.007 0.66 1.8 -

1 E - 1.1 14 0.015 0.038 2160 0.001 0.016 0.50 <0.007 <0.001 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.73 2.1 -

2 E - 1.2 14 0.011 0.030 2140 0.001 0.016 0.48 <0.007 <0.001 <0.007 <0.001 < 0.007 0.52 1.7 -

Average 14 0.013 0.034 2150 0.001 0.016 0.49 <0.007 <0.001 <0.007 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.63 1.9 -

49 E - 18.1 11 0.021 0.059 2100 0.005 0.023 0.52 0.026 <0.001 0.026 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.66 1.7 -

50 E - 18.2 11 0.014 0.043 2200 0.005 0.028 0.65 0.032 <0.001 0.032 < 0.001 < 0.007 0.55 1.8 -





100ml)

Average 11 0.018 0.051 2150 0.005 0.026 0.58 0.029 <0.001 0.029 < 0.001 <0.007 0.61 1.8 -

QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT - 0.2 0.5 - - - - - 0.002 - - 0.01 - - 1000

Equator Principles (CCC) - - - - - - - - - - - 0.001 - - -

QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT: National technical regulation on coastal water quality (*)THC: Total Oil content



Table 1.70 Analytical results of metals in seawater in – Rainy season (Aug., 2008 and June, 2009) (mg/l)

No. Sample Cu Pb Zn Cd Cr Fe Hg 1 B - 1.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.043 <0.005 < 0.02 0.30 < 0.001 2 B - 1.2- KL <0.005 0.013 0.022 <0.005 < 0.02 0.33 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.008 0.032 <0.005 < 0.02 0.319 < 0.001 3 B - 4.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.064 <0.005 < 0.02 0.15 < 0.001 4 B - 4.2 - KL <0.005 0.016 0.036 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001-0.016 0.050 <0.005 < 0.02 0.167 < 0.001 5 B - 5.1 - KL <0.005 0.009 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.30 < 0.001 6 B - 5.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 0.28 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.006 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.290 < 0.001 7 B - 6.1 - KL <0.005 0.005 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.39 < 0.001 8 B - 6.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.34 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005-0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.364 < 0.001 9 B - 7.1 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.17 < 0.001 10 B - 7.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.19 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.182 < 0.001 11 B - 8.1 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 0.26 < 0.001 12 B - 8.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.26 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.260 < 0.001 13 B - 9.1 - KL <0.005 0.009 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 0.22 < 0.001 14 B - 9.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.012 <0.005 < 0.02 0.25 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.006 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 0.238 < 0.001 15 B - 10.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.036 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 16 B - 10.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.024 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.002 0.030 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 17 B - 11.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 18 B - 11.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.001 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 19 K - 7.1- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 20 K - 7.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 21 K - 8.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 22 K - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.77 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 – 0.77 < 0.001 23 K - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 24 K - 9.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 25 K - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 26 K - 10.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 27 K - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 28 K - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 29 K - 12.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001



No. Sample Cu Pb Zn Cd Cr Fe Hg 30 K - 12.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 31 E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.035 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 32 E - 1.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001 33 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.028 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 34 E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.031 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08 < 0.001

Table 1.71 Analytical results of metals in seawater in – Dry season (Feb., 2009)

No. Sample Cu Pb Zn Cd Cr Fe Hg 1 B - 1.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 2 B - 1.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.002 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 3 B - 4.1 - KL <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 4 B - 4.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 5 B - 5.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.14 < 0.001 6 B - 5.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001-0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.14 < 0.001 7 B - 6.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 8 B - 6.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005-0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 9 B - 7.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

10 B - 7.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.012 <0.005 < 0.02 0.08 < 0.001 Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005-0.012 <0.005 < 0.02 <0.08-0.08 < 0.001

11 B - 8.1 - KL <0.005 0.004 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 12 B - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.004 0.010 <0.005 < 0.02 0.26 < 0.001 13 B - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.12 < 0.001 14 B - 9.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.16 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001-0.003 <0.005-0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 0.14 < 0.001 15 B - 10.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.036 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 16 B - 10.2 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.024 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.002 0.030 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 17 B - 11.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.015 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 18 B - 11.2 - KL <0.005 0.001 0.013 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.001 0.014 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 19 K - 7.1- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 20 K - 7.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 21 K - 8.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 22 K - 8.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 0.77 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 – 0.77 < 0.001 23 K - 9.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001



No. Sample Cu Pb Zn Cd Cr Fe Hg 24 K - 9.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 25 K - 10.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 26 K - 10.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 27 K - 11.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 28 K - 11.2 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 0.006 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 29 K - 12.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 30 K - 12.2- KL <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 <0.005 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 31 E - 1.1 - KL <0.005 <0.001 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 32 E - 1.2 - KL <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 <0.001 - 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 33 E - 18.1 - KL <0.005 0.002 0.009 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001 34 E - 18.2 - KL <0.005 0.004 0.007 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

Average <0.005 0.003 0.008 <0.005 < 0.02 < 0.08 < 0.001

In general, most analytical results of surface water are quite good and lower than allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT and Equator Principles. Phenol, Benzene, CN- and some heavy metal contents are found at levels under the detection limit of the analytical methods used. The parameters of pH, Temperature, Salinity, Dissolved Oxygen are stable between stations as well asbetween sampling seasons. At some stations, which are located very close to the onshore area, especially at the station B7, because the surface layer has a lot of algae, a phenomenon occurs that slightly increases the values of the parameters BOD, NH4 +, total nitrogen, and TOC levels in the rainy season.

01234567891011121314


pH

Station

pH‐Dry season

pH‐Rainy season

Figure 1.102 Variation of pH at coastal sampling stations



012345678910


DO (mg/l)

Station

DO‐Dry season

DO‐Rainy season

Figure 1.103 Variation of DO at coastal sampling stations

2022242628303234363840


Salinity ‰

Station



Figure 1.104 Variation of salinity at coastal sampling stations

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40


Temp. oC

Station

Temp‐Dry season

Temp‐Rainy season

Figure 1.105 Variation of temperature at coastal sampling stations



0.05.010.015.020.025.030.035.040.045.050.0


TSS (mg/l )

Station

TSS‐Dry season

TSS‐Rainy season

Figure 1.106 Variation of TSS content at coastal sampling stations

0.0000.0050.0100.0150.0200.0250.0300.0350.0400.0450.050


THC (mg/l)

Station

THC‐Dry season

THC‐Rainy season

Figure 1.107 Variation of THC content at coastal sampling stations

0.000

0.200

0.400

0.600

0.800

1.000

1.200


NH4+ (mg/l)

Station

NH4‐Dry season

NH4‐Rainy season

Figure 1.108 Variation of NH4+ content at coastal sampling stations



0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000


SO42‐ (mg/l)

Station

SO4‐Dry season

SO4‐Rainy season

Figure 1.109 Variation of SO42- content at coastal sampling stations

00.020.040.060.080.10.120.140.160.180.2


NO2‐ (mg/l)

Station

NO2‐Dry season

NO2‐Rainy season

Figure 1.110 Variation of NO2- content at coastal sampling stations

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0.3

0.35

0.4


NO3‐ (mg/l)

Trạm

NO3‐Mùa khô

NO3‐Mùa mưa

Figure 1.111 Variation of NO3- content at coastal sampling stations



0.00

0.50

1.00

1.50

2.00

2.50

3.00

3.50

4.00


Total N (mg/l)

Station

Total N‐Dry season

Total N‐Rainy season

Figure 1.112 Variation of Total N content at coastal sampling stations

0.000

0.050

0.100

0.150

0.200

0.250

0.300


Total P (mg/l)

Station

Total P‐Dry season

Total P‐Rainy season

Figure 1.113 Variation of Total P content at coastal sampling stations

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0


TOC (mg/l )

Station

TOC‐Dry season

TOC‐Rainy season

Figure 1.114 Variation of TOC content at coastal sampling stations



0.001.002.003.004.005.006.007.008.009.00

10.00


BOD (mg/l )

Station

BOD‐Dry season

BOD‐Rainy season

Figure 1.115 Variation of BOD content at coastal sampling stations

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00


COD (mg/l )

Station

COD‐Dry season

COD‐Rainy season

Figure 1.116 Variation of COD content at coastal sampling stations 7.3.4 Plankton

Phytoplankton The summary result for the phytoplankton community at coastal stations are presented in Table 1.72 and Figures 1.117; 1.118; 1.119 and 1.120. The detailed results are showed in Appendix B.

Table 1.72 The parameters of phytoplankton community at coastal stations in rainy season and dry season



H(s) J C Station

Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain B1 14 17 1289520 193 0.053 2.25 0.01 0.55 0.99 0.37 B4 16 14 2464575 310 0.026 2.16 0.01 0.57 1.00 0.34 B5 17 24 96210 320 0.318 2.96 0.08 0.65 0.93 0.23 B6 19 18 256585 284 0.308 2.44 0.07 0.58 0.94 0.29 B7 12 9 512575 12064 0.039 0.11 0.01 0.04 0.99 0.98 B8 12 25 681333 121 0.103 3.66 0.03 0.79 0.98 0.11





H(s) J C Station

Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain Dry Rain B9 14 23 1200792 107 0.041 3.81 0.01 0.84 0.99 0.10

B10 18 12 4312960 1684 0.037 2.40 0.01 0.67 0.99 0.25 B11 15 5 219545 52 0.416 1.99 0.11 0.86 0.91 0.30 K7 17 10 122725 1491 0.23 0.89 0.06 0.27 0.96 0.72 K8 15 18 154880 55 0.36 3.25 0.09 0.78 0.92 0.18 K9 22 23 73560 246 1.10 3.44 0.25 0.76 0.70 0.14

K10 12 20 1884135 97 0.02 3.45 0.01 0.80 1.00 0.13 K11 14 21 420060 125 0.06 2.71 0.02 0.62 0.99 0.30 K12 12 18 817080 54 0.05 3.46 0.01 0.83 0.99 0.12 E1 14 19 4132700 3096 0.03 2.97 0.01 0.70 1.00 0.18

E18 19 17 1651160 3636 0.03 2.87 0.01 0.70 1.00 0.19 Average 15 17 1193553 1408 0.19 2.64 0.05 0.65 0.96 0.29

Max 22 25 4312960 12064 1.10 3.81 0.25 0.86 1.00 0.98 Min 12 5 73560 52 0.02 0.11 0.01 0.04 0.70 0.10

Variation of taxon quantity is rather great, especially in the rainy season. The number of taxon also vary greatly among studied stations; in the rainy season, there are two stations (B11 and B7) where the number of taxon is strongly reduced; and several stations where the taxon quantity is increased such as B5, B8 (see Table 1.72). The density recoded in the dry season is about a thousand times higher that in the rainy season. The extremely high density of phytoplankton in the dry season when the average value is about one billion cells/m3 is caused by the strong development of algae species named Pseudonitzschia sp. (Bacillariophyta), and leads to the high density in this area. Accordingly the Bacillariophyta group accounted for the greatest density at all stations. Dinophyta accounts for a very small portion of the density. The relative portion of the densityaccounted for by other species worthies insignificant at all sampling stations (Figure 1.117 and 1.118). As a consequence of the abnormal development of a single species of algae, in the dry season the predominant index is very high while the evenness index and diversity indices are very low. This phenomenon may be related to the concentration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus recorded in the dry season, for the same reason given for the offshore stations section (Table 7.3.4.1).

0

5

10

15

20

25

B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 E1 E18

BA CY DI

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

B1 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 B10 B11 K7 K8 K9 K10 K11 K12 E1 E18

BA CH CY DI EU

Figure 1.117 Taxon composition of each phytoplankton group on dry season

Figure 1.118 Taxon composition of each phytoplankton group on rainy season



Zooplankton The summary results for the zooplankton community at coastal stations are presented in Table 1.73 and Figures 1.121 to 1.124. The detailed results are shown in Appendix B.

Table 1.73 The parameters of zooplankton community at coastal studied stations in rainy season and dry season



B1 28.0 7.0 8075.0 21.1 3.45 2.10 0.72 0.75 0.20 0.32

B4 32.0 8.0 2189.3 27.9 4.19 2.70 0.84 0.90 0.08 0.18

B5 25.0 11.0 2393.3 57.2 3.80 2.45 0.82 0.71 0.29 0.28

B6 36.0 18.0 2496.9 33.5 3.88 2.10 0.75 0.50 0.06 0.45

B7 18.0 7.0 13880.0 4700.0 3.90 1.80 0.94 0.64 0.07 0.42

B8 34.0 11.0 659.5 243.1 3.88 2.44 0.76 0.73 0.09 0.26

B9 13.0 16.0 341.1 143.6 3.13 3.23 0.85 0.81 0.09 0.15

B10 21.0 33.0 1077.5 280.5 3.73 3.65 0.85 0.72 0.21 0.14

B11 34.0 32.0 2177.2 232.9 3.99 4.24 0.78 0.85 0.18 0.07

K7 26.0 7.0 521.2 67.1 3.78 2.45 0.80 0.87 0.10 0.21

K8 29.0 5.0 2368.9 26.1 4.01 1.54 0.83 0.66 0.08 0.48

K9 36.0 16.0 833.5 381.1 4.02 3.20 0.78 0.80 0.10 0.15

0

500000

1000000

1500000

2000000

2500000

3000000

3500000

4000000

4500000

5000000

B1

B4

B5

B6

B7

B8

B9

B10

B11 K7

K8

K9

K10

K11

K12 E

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E18

BA CY DI

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14000

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B4

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B7

B8

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B11 K7

K8

K9

K10

K11

K12 E

1

E18

BA CH CY DI EU

Figure 1.119 Density composition of each phytoplanton group on dry season

Figure 1.120 Density composition of each phytoplanton group on rainy season





K10 28.0 20.0 1732.6 314.7 3.65 3.74 0.76 0.87 0.11 0.09

K11 36.0 26.0 947.3 5788.2 4.07 3.84 0.79 0.82 0.09 0.09

K12 39.0 22.0 855.0 449.1 3.94 3.51 0.75 0.79 0.10 0.12

E1 29.0 33.0 22749.7 1164.0 3.13 4.09 0.64 0.81 0.16 0.08

E18 30.0 33.0 2727.6 224.8 3.94 3.73 0.80 0.74 0.09 0.14

Average 29.1 17.9 3883.9 832.6 3.79 2.99 0.79 0.76 0.12 0.21

Max 39.0 33.0 22749.7 5788.2 4.19 4.24 0.94 0.90 0.29 0.48

Min 13.0 5.0 341.1 21.1 3.13 1.54 0.64 0.50 0.06 0.07

The parameters for the zooplankton community vary considerably among the sapling stations as well as between seasons. Generally, the zooplankton community is relatively diverse and even particularly in the dry season. The number of taxon, density as well as H(s) recorded in the dry season is higher than that in the rainy season at almost stations. Regarding taxon distribution and composition, there were a total of 10 groups classified, in which Copepoda accounts for over 75% in both seasons however the relative portion also varies strongly among stations. Cladocera is quite common and even among studied stations in the dry season but it is not common in the rainy season. On the contrary, Chaetognata was more common in the dry season but was also present at several stations in the rainy season. The portion of other groups varied considerably between seasons. Concerning density distribution composition, total density as well as density of each group varied greatly among stations, especially in the rainy season, Copepoda, the group accounts for almost density in the dry season, and accounts for a small portion at several stations in the rainy season. The Larva group, also accounts for a large portion at almost stations.

0

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on

AM CH CL CO DEIN OS PO PT&HE TU

0

5

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25

30

35

Station

Num

ber o

f tax

on

AM CH CL CO DE

OS PO PT&HE TU

Figure 1.121 Taxon composition of each phytoplanton group on dry season

Figure 1.122 Taxon portion of each group of zooplankton on rainy season



0

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B1

B4

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B8

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B11 K7

K8

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K10

K11

K12 E

1

E18

Station

Den

sity

(x10

3 /m3 )

AM CH CL CO DE IN LA OS PT&HE PO TU

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

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6000

B1

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B8

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AM CH CL CO DE LA OS PO PT&HE TU





8. CONCLUSION 8.1 Offshore area

The seabed sediments at studied areas are fairly different from station to station due to differences in geological characteristics. The seabed sediments at all sampling stations are classified from medium silt to coarse sand. Mean phi ranges in a wide range (from -0.05 to 6.40 in rainy season and from 0.15 to 6.39 in dry season).

At stations K1 to K4, E6, E7, E9, E12, E14 and E23, mean phi and fine content values are

significantly different between the rainy and the dry seasons. It may be due to the fact that geological characteristics at Nghi Son gulf are not homogeneous.

THC values at offshore sampling stations are at low levels and vary in a narrow range in both the

rainy and dry seasons (from 1 to 6 µg/g in dry season and from 2 to 13 in rainy season). Nonpetrogenic hydrocarbon took larger proportion than petrogenic hydrocarbon.

Similar to grain size distribution, THC values at stations K3, E3, E4, E8, E9, E12, E14, E15 and

E24 are changed from season to season. It is evident that, THC and metals values seem to be higher where the sediment is finer.

Metals selected to be analyzed in both the dry and rainy season surveys are Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Cr, V

and Hg. Among those metals, Cd and V are found at levels lower than the detection limit of AAS method.

At stations E7, E9 and E24 there is noticeable variation in content of the rest metals (Cu, Pb, Zn,

Cr and Hg) between the rainy and dry seasons. At other stations, these values change in a narrow range among stations as well as between seasons.

Although, the macrobenthos community distributes more evenly on offshore area in comparison to the coastal and onshore areas, some community parameters such as density, biomass also fluctuates strongly among stations as well as between stations. Almost all remaining parameters (except biomass and density) are similar between two seasons and their values are at good levels.

In the surveys of the rainy as well as the dry season, all physio-chemical parameters of sea water

were lower than the limit values of QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT. Among the seven analyzed trace heavy metals, four metals were below the detection limits of the analytical methods used (Cu, Cd, Cr and Hg). Other metals were also found in very low content at offshore sampling stations in both the rainy and dry seasons.

The phytoplanton community in the studied area is not very diverse or even especially in the dry

season, although the number of taxon recorded in the dry season was higher than that in the rainy season. As noted in the previous sections, the poor results for thePhytoplankton community is caused by the strong development of one algae species consider as blooming.

In the dry season, in consequence of the blooming of one algae species, all community indices

are at poor levels. The diversity index -H(s) and the Evenness index –J are low while the predominance index is high at almost stations. At station E14, this phenomenon is not recorded. On the contrary, all community indices are within normal levels in the rainy season.



In both the rainy and dry seasons, most of the zooplankton community indices were at relatively

good levels. 8.2.1 Onshore area

In both the dry and rainy seasons, all parameters of ambient air quality were recorded at normal levels and lower than the allowable limits stipulated in TCVN as well as in Equator principles.

In general, noise values at residential area in the dry and rainy seasons (except at station A6)

were lower than the limit levels of Project Noise Standards. The noise values of station A6 in shift 1 (6am-6pm) and shift 3 (10pm-6am) were higher than the limit levels due to this station being located near the road with a lot of traffic.

The values of vibration at the residential area were lower than the limit level stipulated by the

Vietnamese standard (TCVN 6962:2001). As well as noise, vibration values in the dry season were not considerably different from the ones in the rainy season.

At plan area, except N2, N5 and N16, the noise values at other stations were lower than the limit

level of 70dB referred to in the Project Noise Standards and these values in the dry season did not vary from the ones in the rainy season.

All vibration values at plan area are lower than the limit level stipulated in the Vietnamese

standard (TCVN 6962:2001). At all stations, the disparity of vibration values between the dry and rainy season were not noticeable.

There is little difference in noise values as well as vibration values among measured times (1-

hour, 5 – hours and 24 – hours)

It is noted that, sediment at station B2 in the rainy season is coarser than that in dry season. By visual observation, in the dry season the environmental status at station B2 is contaminated because of many waste sources.

Similar to variation of grain size, total hydrocarbon contents in sediment at station B2 in the dry

season is much higher than that in the rainy season due to the difference of seasons.

Total hydrocarbon contents of soil at sampling stations changed in a wide range (from 3 to 84µg/g in dry season and from 1 to 219µg/g in rainy season). The highest values was recorded at station D7 located at Nghi Son fishing village.

At all onshore stations, metal contents in the sediment were at normal levels in both seasons.

Except for Hg content, metal contents in soil also fluctuated in narrow range in both seasons.

It was noted that the macrobenthos community is much different in number of taxon, density as

well as biomass. It is high or low depends on the sampling location as well as the sampling season. The community indices were similar between seasons.

All analytical results of surface water in both of two seasons are quite good and lower than

allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT.



In the rainy season as well as in the dry season, most analytical results of ground water are quite

good and lower than the allowable limit of QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT, except coliform (at all of stations) and Mn (at station G-3) in ground water which both exceeded the allowable limit. In both seasons, except the station G-1, which is shallow; the water of the well is turbid and is yellow in color. At all remaining stations, the water of the wells was clear and colorless.

It worth noting that density strongly changes between seasons as well between stations. It is very

high in the dry season, especially at station B3; but it is low in the rainy season.

The diversity of the phytoplankton community is rather different between the two studied stations but similar between seasons. At station B2, both of taxon quantity and diversity index are higher than that at station B3.

The changing of other parameters of phytoplankton is within the normal range between \stations

as well as between seasons.

The parameters for the zooplankton community vary considerably with location and season. Except for density, all other indices are at relatively poor levels; especially at B2 where just one taxon is present in the rainy season. At both of the studied stations, the density in the dry season is much higher than that in the rainy season. This phenomenon could be a result of nutritive in water.

8.3 Coastal area

The sediment characteristics in the coastal area vary considerably among stations because of the

difference in geological characteristics. Sediment at coastal sampling stations are classified as very fine silt to fine sand in the rainy season and classified as fine silt to fine sand in the dry season. It is noted that, the dredging activity at areas of the shipping channel were observed during the dry survey, so, sediment at stations B8 and B9 seems to be finer than that of the rainy season survey.

It was also noted that sediment at station B1 significantly changes between two sampling

seasons. It may be due to stations B1 located at the estuary of Bang River, which is noticeably affected by current, and weather from season to season.

THC values at coastal sampling stations vary in a wide range in both the rainy and dry seasons

(from 2 to 23 µg/g in dry season and from 2 to 32 in rainy season).

Similar to grain size distribution, THC values at stations B8, B9 and K9 varied greatly from rainy season to dry season because of the dredging activities in areas of the shipping channel during the dry survey.

Metals content did not vary greatly from season to season at most of coastal sampling stations

accept at stations B8, B9 where dredging activities were observed during the dry survey.

The parameters of the macrobenthos community recorded at the stations in the coastal area also varies greatly among stations as well as between stations. On average, however, almost all parameters (except biomass and density) are similar between seasons. At some stations such as



B5, B6, B7, B10.., the community parameters are poor levels. However, at some other stations such as K8, K11, K12… the parameters were in good levels. Density and biomass are two items that change the most among sampling stations as well as between seasons.

In general, most analytical results related to the surface water are quite good and show levels

lower than the allowable limits stipulated in QCVN 10:2008/BTNMT and Equator Principles.

In regards to the phytoplankton community, the variation of taxon quantity is rather great, especially in the rainy season. The number of taxon are also different among studied stations; in the rainy season, there are two stations (B11 and B7) where the number of taxon is strongly reduced; and several stations where the taxon quantity is increased such as B5, B8.

As a consequence of the abnormal development of one algae species, in the dry season the

predominance index was very high while the evenness and diversity indices were very low. This phenomenon was not recorded in rainy season

The parameters of the zooplankton community varied considerably among sampling stations as

well as between seasons. Generally, the zooplankton community was relatively diverse and even especially in the dry season. The number of taxon, density as well as H(s) recorded in the dry season was higher than that in the rainy season at almost stations.



9. REFERENCES 1. Adlard, E.R. 1972. Identification of hydrocarbon pollution on seas and beaches by gas chromatography. Analytical Chemistry, Vol. 44, No. 1, Jan. 1972.

2. Auris Environmental 1981. Monitoring hydrocarbon in the marine Environment, Dec. 1981.

3. Auris Environmental 1992. Characterization of the marine sediment around the Clyde platform, Central North Sea, Sep. 1992.

4. Boothe P. N. and Prespley B.J. 1996. Trends in Sediment Trace Element Concentrations around Six Petroleum Drilling Platforms in the Northewestern Gulf of Mexico.

5. Briton E. 1975. Scientific results of marine investigations of the South China-Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 1959-1961. NAGA 1975, volume 4, part. 5.

6. Edward A. 1988. Geochemistry.

7. Institute of Offshore Engineering 1985. Benthic Environmental Baseline Survey of Clyde Oil field, July 1985.

8. Lewis, D.W. 1989. Practical Sedimentology, New York.

9. Nguyễn Ngọc Kiểng 1996. Thống Kê Trong Nghiên Cứu Khoa Học, Nhà Xuất Bản Giáo Dục.

10. PetroVietnam 2001. Guidelines for monitoring of the marine environment in the vicinity of offshore petroleum installation in Vietnam.

11. Unistat® Software 1994. Megalon Science Tools.

12. Vietnam nation environment agency NEA 2000. CD-ROM Atlas environment of Vietnam regions, version 1.0.

13. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5943-1995: Water quality-Coastal water quality standard, Ha Noi-1995.

14. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5944-1995: Water quality-Ground water quality standard, Ha Noi-1995.

15. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5945-2005: Industrial waste water – discharge standards, Ha Noi-2005.

16. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5937-2005: Air quality Ambient Air quality Standards, Ha Noi-2005.

17. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5938-2005: Air quality – Maximum allowable concentration of hazardours substances in ambient air. Ha Noi-2005.

18. Vietnam Standard TCVN 5949-1998: Acoustics - Noise in public places and populated areas - Permitted maximum noise level. Ha Noi-1998.

19. Vietnam Standard TCVN 6962-2001: Vibrations and seismism - Vibrations caused by construction and industrial production activities - Permitted maximum levels for the environment of public places and populated areas, Ha Noi-2001.



20. Barnes, 1963.Invertebrate Zoology. W. B. Saunders Company.

21. Chinese Crustacean Society. Transactions of the Chinese Crustacean Society, No. 3, 1992. Qingdao Ocean University Press.

22. DNV consulting, SINTEF, 2005. Environmental Baseline Survey Ormen Lange 2004 (rev 1).

23. DNV consulting, 2006. Environmental Monitoring Region I, 2005, Main Report 2006-0187 (rev 1) – BP Norge AS.

24. Kristian Fauchald, 1977. The Polychaete Worms Definitions and Keys to the Orders, Families and Genera. Chapman’s Phototypesetting.

25. Mary J. Rathbun, 1910. The Danish Expedition to Siam 1899 – 1900, V. Brachyura. KOBENHAVN.

26. NAGA, 1967. Scientific Results of Marine Investigations of the South China Sea and the Gulf of Thailand 1959 – 1961. NAGA report vol 4, part 3.

27. Pierre Fauvel, 1953. The Fauna of India – including Pakistan, Ceylon, Burma and Malaya – Annelida, Polychaeta. The Indian Press, Ltd.

28. Sadayoshi Miyake, 1998. Japanese Crustacean Decapods and Stomatopods in Color, vol. I – Macrura, Anomura and Stomatopoda. Hoikusha Publishing Co., LTD.

29. [1] Sadayoshi Miyake, 1998. Japanese Crustacean Decapods and Stomatopods in Color, vol. II – Brachyura (Crabs). Hoikusha Publishing Co., LTD.

30. [2] Maier, J; Mc Connel, H.L; J. Water pollut. Cont. Fedn. 1974, 46, 623.

31. [3] Pedro Sergio Fadini, Wilson F. Jardim, Jose Roberto Guimaraes, 2004. Evaluation of Organic Load Measurement Techniques in Sewage and Waste Stabilisation Pond.

32. QCVN 08 : 2008/BTNMT-National technical regulation on surface water quality, Ha Noi-2008.

33. QCVN 09 : 2008/BTNMT-National technical regulation on underground water quality, Ha Noi-2008.

34. QCVN 10 : 2008/BTNMT-National technical regulation on coastal water quality, Ha Noi-2008

APPENDIX II

EMISSION MODELING RESULTS FOR COMBINED CASES OF 19 STACKS AND FLARE IN

NORMAL OPERATION AND EMERGENCY CASE

- 1 -

Figure II-1 Maximum hourly SO2 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-2 Maximum hourly SO2 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 2 -

Figure II-3 Maximum 24hr SO2 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-4 Maximum 24hr SO2 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 3 -

Figure II-5 Maximum Annual SO2 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-6 Maximum Annual SO2 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 4 -

Figure II-7 Maximum hourly SOX concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-8 Maximum hourly SOX concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 5 -

Figure II-9 Maximum 24hr NOX concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-10 Maximum 24hr NOX concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 6 -

Figure II-11 Maximum annual NOX concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-12 Maximum annual NOX concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 7 -

Figure II-13 Maximum hourly CO concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-14 Maximum hourly CO concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 8 -

Figure II-15 Maximum 8hr CO concentration in g/m3 – All sources


- 9 -



- 10 -

Figure II-19 Maximum 24hr PM10 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-20 Maximum 24hr PM10 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 11 -

Figure II-21 Maximum annual PM10 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

Figure II-22 Maximum annual PM10 concentration in g/m3 – All sources

- 12 -

Figure II-23 Maximum hourly NOx concentration in g/m3

Emergency Unlit HC Flare

Figure II-24 Maximum hourly NOx concentration in g/m3 Emergency Unlit HC Flare

- 13 -

Figure II-25 Maximum hourly NOx concentration in g/m3 HC Purge gas Flare Max. H2S

Figure II-26 Maximum hourly NOx concentration in g/m3 HC Purge gas Flare Max. H2S

- 14 -

Figure IV-27 Maximum hourly CO concentration in g/m3 Emergency Unlit HC Flare

Figure II-28 Maximum hourly CO concentration in g/m3 Emergency Unlit HC Flare

- 15 -

Figure II-29 Maximum hourly CO concentration in g/m3 HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H2S

Figure II-30 Maximum hourly CO concentration in g/m3 HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H2S

- 16 -

Figure II-31 Maximum hourly SO2 concentration in g/m3 Emergency HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H2S

Figure II-32 Maximum hourly SO2 concentration in g/m3

Emergency HC Purge Gas Flare Max. H2S

- 17 -

- 18 -

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Environment Baseline SURVEY report for Nghi Son Refinery Petrochemical Complex

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