ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT

BIOGAS PLANT AND ITS

BENEFITS

Presented by:-

Mihir Shah (A-26)

Mithun Pardesi(A-28)

Muzammil Deshmukh (A-29)

Neha Naik (A-30)

Pawan Panjwani (A-34)

INTRODUCTION

• Biogas is an important renewable energy resource for rural areas inIndia.

• It is produced by anaerobic digestion of biological wastes.

• It is an environment friendly, clean, cheap and versatile fuel.

• Biogas generally comprise of 55-65 % methane, 35-45 % carbondioxide, 0.5-1.0 % hydrogen sulfide and traces of water vapour.

• Biogas like Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cannot be liquefiedunder normal temperature and pressure.

BIOGAS TECHNOLOGY

STATUS• India has been pioneering country in developing simple and easy to

operate biogas plants.

• The government of India has been running National Biogas and

Manure Management Program (NBMMP) for the welfare of the

weaker section of the society.

• 100% Biogas engines are in operation in the country.

• Other urban waste projects include a 1 MW project based on cattle

dung at Haebowal, Ludhiana; a 0.50 MW project for generation of

power from biogas at sewage treatment plant at Surat, Gujarat; and a

150 kW pant for vegetable market and slaughter house waste and

Vijaywada.

• Another 300 kW project based on vegetable market waste in under

commissioning at Chennai. Besides, about 25 waste-to-energy

projects with an aggregate capacity of about 30 MW from a variety

of industrial wastes also been setup in the country.

BIOGAS- FERTILIZER PLANTS:

MOST IMPORTENT TOOL TO

HANDLE METHANE

• Methane (Green house gas) released from three Landfills of Delhi during

2008: (Indian Express 29.01.2010) 74,000 tonnes

• Effect of methane is higher than from CO2 by: 21 times

• Percentage of methane in harmful green house gas: 18%(approx.)

• Annual CO2 Emission Reduction from 1.5 lakh biogas plants:

70.5375 tonnes

BIOGAS PRODUCTION

POTENTIAL FROM DIFFERENT

WASTES

THE BENEFITS OF

BIOGAS

PRODUCTION OF ENERGY

• The calorific value of biogas is about 6 kWh/m3 - this corresponds to

about half a litre of diesel oil. The net calorific value depends on the

efficiency of the burners or appliances.

• Biogas use, replacing conventional fuels like kerosene or firewood,

allows for the conservation of environment.

• Biogas is able to substitute almost the complete consumption of

firewood in rural households.

• The biogas generated from small and medium sized units is used for

cooking and lighting purposes. Large units can be used to power

engines and generators for mechanical work

FERTILIZER

• The output from the polythene bio gas digester (digested manure) is

actually a high quality organic fertilizer.

• This fertilizer is very important, especially in a country like INDIA

• Fertilizer which comes from a bio-gas plant contains three times

more nitrogen than the best compost made through open air

digestion.

• The bio-gas plant does not make extra nitrogen; it does not create

nitrogen, it merely preserves the nitrogen that is already there.

• The bio gas plant is the perfect fertilizer-making machine and it has

been tested all over the world. There is no better way to digest or

compost manure and other organic material than in a bio-gas plant.

• Bio-fertilizers also secrete growth promoting substances like

hormones, vitamins, amino acids and anti-fungal chemicals, as well

as improve seed germination and root growth. Bio-fertilizers, thereby

also aid in the better establishment of plants.

HEALTH BENEFITS, THE

IMPROVEMENT OF HYGIENIC

CONDITIONS

The following are the principal organisms killed in biogas plants:

• Typhoid

• Paratyphoid,

• Cholera and dysentery bacteria (in 1 or 2 weeks),

• Hookworm and bilharzia (in 3 weeks).

• Tapeworm and roundworm die completely when the fermented

slurry is dried in the sun.

Dung cakes are no longer stored in the homes.

REDUCTION OF WORKLOAD

Biogas plants also improve health conditions in the homes:

• Since biogas burns clean, homes do not fill with smoke and ash.

• Cooking with gas takes less time than with wood or charcoal or any

other commonly used fuel.

• It is easier to cook with gas stove.

ENVIRONMENTAL

ADVANTAGESWith digestion, a renewable source of energy is captured, which has an

important climatic twin effect:

• The use of renewable energy reduces the CO2-emissions through a

reduction of the demand for fossil fuels.

• At the same time, by capturing uncontrolled methane emissions, the

second most important greenhouse gas is reduced

NEED FOR THE BIOGAS

ENRICHMENT AND BOTTLING

• Potential of biogas is not fully utilized and commercialized so far.

• For commercialization, its area of application may widen; from

cooking fuel to vehicle fuel.

• For use as a vehicle fuel, it should be bottled like CNG.

• Before bottling, it should enriched in methane content from 55 % to

95 %; similar to CNG.

THREE WHEELER RUNNING

ON ENRICHED BIOGAS

HOW BIOGAS WORKS

BIO GAS PROMOTION IN

INDIA

• In India the First Biogas Plant was commissioned in the year 1962.

• This was known as KVIC Floating Dome Model.(Popularly known

as Indian Model).

• Till ’79, the promotion was not in serious way ;and in ’79, the First

Fixed Dome Model (Janata) was commissioned.

• In ’82, Govt. of India launched ‘National Biogas Programme’

countrywide thro’ Ministry of Nonconventional Energy Sources.

• Potential of Domestic Biogas Plants in India –12 million.

CENTRAL FINANCIAL

ASSISTANCE

The Ministry provides Central Financial Assistance (CFA) for

a) Construction and maintenance of biogas plants,

b) Training & Awareness creation, Technical centres,

c) Service charges or salary support to implementing agencies.

d) The financial assistance for construction of biogas plants is enhanced

for a few categories of beneficiaries mainly to accommodate the increase

in cost of construction.

e) The central subsidy offered to different categories of

beneficiaries/areas for construction of biogas plants .

MODELS THAT ARE PROMOTED

1. Floating Dome KVIC Model.

2. Fixed Dome – Deenbandhu Model.

3. Bag Type portable digester made of rubberized nylon fabric.

4. Low cost fixed dome models made of alternate construction materials,

like the pre fabricated Ferro Cement or Reinforced cement and in-situ built

Ferro cement materials. All these are promoted by the states in the country

by State Nodal Agencies Of MNES(Ministry of Non conventional Energy

Sources, Govt. of India.

AWARENESS CREATION

• In many States, village panchayats and local bodies, such as Mahila

Mandals (Women Organizations)and Yuvak Kendras (Youth

Centres)are actively associated for such activities.

• Some States have linked the implementation of the biogas

programme with Rural Development schemes, such as Rural

Sanitation Programme , Watershed Development and Integrated

Tribal Development Programmes.

• As a part of publicity campaign leaf lets developed in regional

languages are widely distributed by BDTCs( Biogas Development

&Training Centres). Popular articles on the benefits of biogas plants

are published in regional and local dailies and magazines.

CENTRAL SUBSIDY

• The Pattern of Subsidy is not uniform. This has been decided to help

out

a) Hilly and inaccessible areas of the country

b)Scheduled Castes and Schedule Tribes, Desert districts, Small &

Marginal Farmers, Landless Labourers

c) All others.

• Maximum Financial help has been extended to the poorest farmers as

well the lower middle class villagers as well for inaccessible areas.

• Subsidy is also applicable to Urban Biogas Plant owners in par with

their status of caste and income.

FURTHER R&D WORK FOR

BIOGAS DEVELOPMENT• Biogas production using easily available local waste material

preferably agricultural wastes.

• Development of new and low cost improved designs of biogas plants

for large sizes.

• The effect of bio-wash (liquid from digested slurry) on vegetables

and crops.

• Design of kitchen waste biogas plant for restaurants

CONCLUSIONS

• India has second largest biogas programme in the world at rural andas well as urban levels.

• Many technologies/models have been successfully developed in Indiafor biogas programme.

• There is need to develop a sustainable renewable energy programmeon biogas for replacing petroleum products by utilization of biogas inthe country.

• This will help in green energy technology and reducing green housegases emissions.

• Biogas is a potential renewable energy source for rural India and

other developing countries.

BIOGAS FLAME

BIOGAS LAMP

THANK YOU