Environmental and Social Safeguards Management Framework KH-Improved Access to Communications in Rural Cambodia (P098279) 1. Introduction Despite the present rapid development of, and access to, mobile telecommunications in dense urban areas, such as Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, there remains limited provision of such a service in rural and remote areas in Cambodia. Improved Access to Communications in Rural Cambodia is a grant-funded program in which operators will bid for contracts through an output-based aid scheme for rural investment support so as to enhance telecommunications services in rural and remote areas of four provinces namely Pursat, Banteay Meanchey, Otdar Meanchey, and Preah Vihear. The project will facilitate the provision of 1). basic voice telephony service: the service can be provided with any technology, while the selected service provider will provide full network access and services at a quality and price similar to the rest of mobile telephone network in Cambodia and 2). basic access to services: the service provider will ensure provision of public access points to 80% of the villages in the above targeted locations. 2. Environmental and Social Management Framework Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) consists of mitigation measures of the two environmental and social safeguards triggers namely Environmental Management Plan and Land Acquisition Policy Framework. 2.1. Environmental Management Plan Analysis of Potential Environmental Issues: Providing the project is designated to Category "C", according to Cambodian Environmental regulations and the World Bank Safeguards Policy. Possible adverse impacts relating to environmental issues paused by the project implementation appears to be limited. Possible adverse environmental issues are evaluated as minimal and potential impacts are assessed to be limited to fundamental construction works. Since construction sites of commlmication towers are not yet pre- determined. The project is cautious with regards to possible environmental safeguards issues which may cause by the project as follows: condition and characteristics of specific site selection related to natural habitats, and culturally sensitive sites (that abide by OP. 4.01, OP 4.04 and OP 4.11 Principles) small scale loss of vegetation and soil pollution associated with disposal of construction wastes Management of power sources: dispose of damaged solar panels, used batteries, and/or generators' noise, used diesel and oil, etc. All these possible issues can be effectively avoided providing that the project takes into consideration through Environmental Management Plan at the pre-site selection criteria and design phase. All mitigation measures (in the table below) are doable and cost- effective aiming at avoiding any possible adverse issue. The measures will not only be taken in dealing with potential environmental issues but also be used as guide to ~c;-~e:~~~. project more environmentally friendly. 4'.;:<~~~ ':'~~~J. ~ M \i:; \ * .~& *~ ~n . I_~~;;~ Itel U 7.. .:-:mr89 J ~ II ESMF for KH-Rural TelecommUnication Access "l l·_·~-t I l~f' \: '> ,/ .t.' {r ~.' ~ .. ~ '~l"',~-';-';-_~~ ., ~~~~! ~\" \1. •••~ _~ '~;y;r ---'."~' E1982 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
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Environmental and Social Safeguards Management FrameworkKH-Improved Access to Communications in Rural Cambodia (P098279)
1. Introduction
Despite the present rapid development of, and access to, mobile telecommunications indense urban areas, such as Phnom Penh and Siem Reap, there remains limited provisionof such a service in rural and remote areas in Cambodia. Improved Access toCommunications in Rural Cambodia is a grant-funded program in which operators willbid for contracts through an output-based aid scheme for rural investment support so as toenhance telecommunications services in rural and remote areas of four provinces namelyPursat, Banteay Meanchey, Otdar Meanchey, and Preah Vihear. The project will facilitatethe provision of 1). basic voice telephony service: the service can be provided with anytechnology, while the selected service provider will provide full network access andservices at a quality and price similar to the rest of mobile telephone network inCambodia and 2). basic access to services: the service provider will ensure provision ofpublic access points to 80% of the villages in the above targeted locations.
2. Environmental and Social Management Framework
Environmental and Social Management Framework (ESMF) consists of mitigationmeasures of the two environmental and social safeguards triggers namely EnvironmentalManagement Plan and Land Acquisition Policy Framework.
2.1. Environmental Management Plan
Analysis of Potential Environmental Issues: Providing the project is designated toCategory "C", according to Cambodian Environmental regulations and the World BankSafeguards Policy. Possible adverse impacts relating to environmental issues paused bythe project implementation appears to be limited. Possible adverse environmental issuesare evaluated as minimal and potential impacts are assessed to be limited to fundamentalconstruction works. Since construction sites of commlmication towers are not yet predetermined. The project is cautious with regards to possible environmental safeguardsissues which may cause by the project as follows:
condition and characteristics of specific site selection related to natural habitats,and culturally sensitive sites (that abide by OP. 4.01, OP 4.04 and OP 4.11Principles)small scale loss of vegetation and soilpollution associated with disposal of construction wastesManagement of power sources: dispose of damaged solar panels, used batteries,and/or generators' noise, used diesel and oil, etc.
All these possible issues can be effectively avoided providing that the project takes intoconsideration through Environmental Management Plan at the pre-site selection criteriaand design phase. All mitigation measures (in the table below) are doable and costeffective aiming at avoiding any possible adverse issue. The measures will not only be
taken in dealing with potential environmental issues but also be used as guide to~c;-~e:~~~.
project more environmentally friendly. 4'.;:<~~~':'~~~J.~ M\i:; \
The project developed EMP with a purpose to serve as an implementation guideline toovercome environmental concerns paused by the project. The potential adverse issuesshould be avoidable through good site criteria, environment-friendly constructionmaterials, construction supervision methods, and (hazardous and non-hazardous) wastemanagement techniques. It thus takes into account different phases of the projectimplementation including project design, site construction, and operation.
Construction Design: Many important issues can be incorporated into the design phase.The project proponent, the Ministry or the Provincial Office of Posts andTelecommunications (MPTC/POTC) have a choice to get orientation over conditions andcharacteristics of tower construction. Recommendation of the construction design as wellas construction materials will be cost-effective and environment-friendly. Theconstruction architecture and timeframe will fit into local climate and adjoining physicalenvironment. The finished outputs will be environmentally profound to local residentswho may live nearby or access closed to the sites.
Construction Wastes: The project will reduce wastes from construction activities.Whenever possible, wastes will be separated into, for instance, hazardous (i.e. paints,used batteries, oil package, and other contaminated materials) and non-hazardous (i.e.wood, soil, debris, and other similar properties) or recyclable and non-recyclable prior toproper disposal. The project will require the winning contractor to remove or handle allequipment and materials accordingly. Open burning or illegal dumping of any wasteshould be prohibited in the contract agreement. The project will encourage the contractorto use environmentally friendly materials and internationally recognized-standardconstruction tools.
Construction Site Organization: The project will require the contractor to fence ofConstruction sites in order to prevent entry of pubic. General safety measures will beappropriately carried out throughout. Any temporary inconveniences paused byconstruction activities will be mitigated through construction design and consultationswith villagers, local authorities, and the contractor. All wastes and constructionequipment must be cleared up from the site.
Construction Operation: The project will require the contractor to handle all otherpossible remaining issue at this phase through proper waste (hazardous and nonhazardous) management. Hazardous wastes including used telephone batteries andgenerator's oil or diesel, if any, should be separately stored from other wastes andappropriately handled according to the local environmental safety guidance.
ESMF for KH·Rural Telecommunication Access 2
Table 1: Summary of Mitigation Measures for Potential Environmental Issues
legalThe
avoid
aRemarkThis is
requirement.selection shouldsensitive issues.
Village land acquisitionis to be compensated atcommercial rate.
Res onsibleContractorMPTC/PPOC
MeasureRespecting thecriteria andcharacteristicsoutlined in the EMP
IssueSelectingconstruction site
PhaseDesign
ESMF for KH-Rural Telecommunication Access
hours to
possibleto local
Construction
Drawing andplanning theconstruction of
towers by adaptingto adjoiningphysical landscapeand minimizingpossibleenvironmentalissues.
Noise and Dust
ConstructionWastes
Implementingmeasures proposedby the EMP
-Using environmentfriendly constructionmaterials and
The Project is not expected to cause major involuntary resettlement. It will require somelands for communication towers. The actual sites to build the towers have not yet beenidentified. To prepare for the fact that private lands will be acquired by rental orpurchase, the land acquisition policy framework is prepared in line with the requirementsof World Bank OP 4.12 on Involuntary Resettlement to guide planning for landacquisition during the project preparation.
The project will explore all design alternatives to minimize acquisition of private lands.The winning contractor will be responsible for compensation for any land acquisitionthrough voluntary rental or purchase prices at market value. When the tower locations arefinalized and the need for land acquisition is determined, the winning contractor wouldfollow the following principles in relation to land acquisition.
Planning principles
• Minimize size of land acquisition• Avoid detrimental affect on other users of the neighboring land
• Compensate payment at market value• Produce binding contract between the winning contractor and land owner before
acquisition of the land• Pay compensation funds before taking possession of the land
Planning steps
• Identify site location and determine the need for land acquisition• Reach agreement with land owner(s)• Consult with the affected villages
• Prepare and Keep Land Acquisition Report and compensation record (for IDAreview)
ESMF for KH-Rural Telecommunication Access 4
ESMF for KH-Rural Telecommunication Access
Land Acquisition Report (LAR) should include:
(i) Description of the acquired land;(ii) Arrangements for compensation in-cash including voluntary rental or
purchase agreement with the land owner(s);(iii) Arrangements to ensure adequate and transparent performance by the
contractor and sub-contractors;(iv) An implementation schedule indicating that rental or purchase
arrangement will have been finalized before work commences on the land;(v) A site map showing land to be rented or purchased for verification; and
The above planning steps and report are to be prepared by the winning contractor andwill be reviewed and approved by POTC and the local authorities. The approval of theLAR must take place prior to disbursement of Project funds.
Land contribution: Where local communities elect to make voluntary contribution ofaffected land without compensation, this should be acceptable only for marginal impacts(partial impact on land, and with remaining assets viable for continued use). The processof consultation with potential contributors should be conducted in an open andtransparent manner by the project, and decisions for 'voluntary' contributions should bebased on the 'informed choice', and people who make voluntary contributions must bedocumented by local authorities.
Public Consultation: The Project would be responsible for information disclosure and publicconsultation that would be carried out as an ongoing process throughout project planning, designand implementation stages. The project would ensure the winning contractor to prepareappropriate planning and implementation documents for the acquisition of land in consultationwith the land owner(s).
The land owner(s) will receive prior information of the land rental or purchase including:
• The relevant details of the project;• Land acquisition planning principles;• Implementation schedule with a timetable for payment of the rental or
purchase price;• Information concerning dispute procedures.
The Project will conduct effective disclosure, and ensure that all districts and villages,including vulnerable groups and indigenous people are timely informed about theImproved Access to Communication Project, and the provisions ofLPF.
Dispute Redress Mechanism: Conflict between the winning contractor, land owner(s ;-.:. ...-.~ ...
and/or other persons affected by the land acquisition will be resolved by negotia . ~~.':'":.:...:.:~~:;
amongst them with participation with MPTC/POTC if necessary. If the negoti ~' ~1.S' &\.. ':>.~\."either party may seek resolution of the issue through the court. * -i1:~M\{..: \,or. / ~"·.h~~r t* I
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Organization Roles and Financial Responsibilities: To achieve the objectives of thisFramework, the Project manual will be established and included the following roles andresponsibilities of MPTC/POTC:
(i) Ensure that the winning contractor informs land owner(s) regardingproposed investments, and their rights relating to land acquired for towerconstruction;
(ii) Ensure that Provincial Authorities and POTC are informed about theirresponsibilities under this framework;
(iii) Review and approve the winning contractor's LAR reports (as outlinedabove)
(iv) Review contractor performance to ensure timely payment of rental orpurchase price
(v) Participate in any negotiation to resolve dispute.(vi) Ensure that the winning contractor inform the commune council about the
proposed land acquisition in the commune.
3. Public Notice and Disclosure
The ESMF which includes EMP and LPF will be made available to public forinformation and comments through available local media network. Public feedback willbe integrated in its final version.
The ESMF will be disclosed in both Khmer and English in places where the public can beaccessible such as in website of MPTC and on news-bulletins at POTC offices where the
project will be implemented. The document will also be made available to the publicthrough the World Bank's Infoshop.
4. Responsibilities for ESMF Implementation
The MPTC/POTC will make sure that the project is sufficiently staffed to carry out themitigation measures recommended in the ESMF. The MPTC/POTC will ensure thatthese measures are appropriately incorporated in bidding documents and project manual.Precise responsibilities of the MPTC/POTC and role of the World Bank task team indefining and supervising the ESMF implementation during both the construction andoperation stages should be finalized after having construction locations identified.
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