VIETNAM: MEDIUM CITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY FOR THE LAO CAI CITY SUBPROJECT PHU LY CITY SUBPROJECT VINH CITY SUBPROJECT Lao Cai City Phu Ly City Vinh City September 2011 Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized Public Disclosure Authorized
Transcript
VIETNAM: MEDIUM CITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
FOR THE
LAO CAI CITY SUBPROJECT
PHU LY CITY SUBPROJECT
VINH CITY SUBPROJECT
Lao Cai City Phu Ly City Vinh City
September 2011
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Executive Summary of EIAs for Vietnam: Medium Cities Development Project
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION ................................. 5
A. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 5
B. PROJECT OBJECTIVE AND DESCRIPTION ............................................................................. 5
C. BASIS OF LAW, LEGISLATION AND REGULATION ............................................................. 10
CHAPTER 2: BASELINE CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREAS ......................... 12
A. LAO CAI CITY SUBPROJECT ............................................................................................ 12
B. PHU LY CITY SUBPROJECT ............................................................................................. 13
C. VINH CITY SUBPROJECT ................................................................................................. 13
CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES .............................................................. 15
A. LAO CAI CITY SUBPROJECT ............................................................................................ 15
B. PHU LY CITY SUBPROJECT ............................................................................................. 16
C. VINH CITY SUBPROJECT ................................................................................................. 17
CHAPTER 4: IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF MITIGATION
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ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
BOD Biological oxygen demand
CSC Construction Supervision Consultant
COD Chemical oxygen demand
DO Dissolved Oxygen
DOC Department of Construction
DOF Department of Finance
DONRE Department of Natural Resources and Environment
DPI Department of Planning and Investment
DPs Displaced Persons
EIA Environmental Impact Assessment
EM Ethnic Minority
EMP Environmental Management Plan
EMDP Ethnic Minority Development Plan
GOV Government of Vietnam
HH Households
IDA
IEMC
International Development Association
Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant
KfW Kreditanstaldt fuer Wiederaufbau of Germany
LAVIC Lac Viet Investment and Infrastructure Development JS Company
LCWSC Lao Cai Water Supply State One Member Limited Company
MCDP Medium Cities Development Project
ODA Official Development Assistance
PAHs Project Affected Households
PC
PCR
People’s Committee
Physical and Cultural Resources
PDO Project Development Objective
PMU Project Management Unit
PPC
PSC
Provincial People’s Committee
Provincial Steering Committee
QCVN Vietnam National Regulation
RoW Right of Way
RP Resettlement Plan
TCVN Vietnam National Standard
TORs Terms of Reference
URENCO Urban Environmental Company
VIWASE Vietnam Water, Sanitation and Environment JS Company
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VND Vietnam Dong
WB World Bank
WHO World Health Organization
WTP Water Treatment Plant
WWTP Wastewater Treatment Plant
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CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A. Introduction
1. Vietnam is one of the fastest urbanizing countries in the East Asia and Pacific region with the urban share of the population expected to grow to 50% by 2025 from the current 30%. The urban growth rate during the 1999-2009 inter-census period was 3.4 % p.a. compared with 0.4% for rural areas. Rapid urban growth is largely fueled by significant rural urban migration and urbanization is in turn fuelling economic growth. For Vietnam, the Government projects that the number of medium cities (i.e., cities with 100,000 to 500,000 population) will increase from 55 today to about 100 by 2025. Given the country’s relatively low population growth rate, about 1.7% per annum, most of this urbanization process will result from increasing rural to urban migration. 2. Reflecting the important role that medium sized cities can play in Vietnam’s development and urbanization process, the Government has requested support from the World Bank for infrastructure development and, of equal importance, capacity building, in three medium sized cities: Lao Cai, Phu Ly and Vinh. These cities are broadly typical of Vietnam’s medium-sized cities. They have populations between 100,000 and 300,000, and are the principal urban centers in their respective provinces. Each has a master plan that emphasizes expansion of existing urban residential areas into surrounding land that is presently rural. All have similar existing road and water supply networks, and at least basic wastewater collection and drainage networks. In locality and function, however, the cities are considerably different. Lao Cai is a border city, providing access to and from China for the rapidly developing trade and transit traffic along the Greater Mekong Sub-region’s (GMS’s) north east corridor. This links Haiphong and Hanoi in Vietnam with Kunming in China’s Yunnan Province. The city is also a tourist center, a gateway to the adjacent hill country areas around Sapa. Phu Ly, on the other hand, is only 50 km from Hanoi, and will develop over time as an outer urban area of the capital. Finally, Vinh is far enough from Hanoi to develop as a regional city, serving a wide hinterland, and is also linked to Laos and northern Thailand through another of the GMS transport corridors. 3. Like many cities in the developing world, where urbanization is taking place at a rapid pace, these cities are struggling to keep up with rising demand for basic urban infrastructure, both in the established urban centers and in urban expansion areas. To varying degrees, the sewage and sanitation systems are inadequate, with, untreated domestic wastewater often discharged directly into rivers, causing water pollution and serious health risks. Solid waste management deficiencies and uncontrolled dumping also adds to environmental pollution, clogged drains, and generally poor public health conditions. In some cases, water supply capacity is inadequate, and needs to be improved to meet projected demand. Roads, particularly in the older parts of the cities, are narrow, seriously degraded, and inadequate in extent, restricting efficient transport operations as city populations and household incomes increase. B. Project objective and description
4. The Project’s objective is to increase access to improved urban infrastructure services in the Project cities in a sustainable and efficient manner. This will be achieved through:
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constructing or rehabilitating infrastructure, typically water supply, drainage and sanitation, and roads; and
Assisting the cities with developing the capacity to more effectively plan and manage their infrastructure assets.
5. The project comprises three subprojects, one for each city, which are illustrated in the city maps presented in Annex 1. Each city will implement its subproject activities through the following four components:
Component 1. Basic Infrastructure Upgrading and Service Improvement Component 2. Water Supply and Environmental Sanitation Component 3. Urban Roads and Bridges Component 4. Project Management and Technical Assistance
6. The total cost of the project is US$258.9 million (as reflected in Table 1.1 below). This amount includes investments and costs related to land acquisition and resettlement, and taxes. The Bank will finance 81% of the investments, while the cities together will finance 19%, principally for land acquisition, resettlement, and PMU operational costs. The total financing from the Bank will be US$210 million, on IDA terms.
Table 1.1: Project Financing LAO CAI PHU LY VINH TOTAL
Project Cost by Total IDA % GOV % Total IDA % GOV % Total IDA % GOV % Total IDA % GOV %
Component/Activity US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m US$ m
7. Key physical activities (Components 1, 2, and 3) for each city subproject are summarized in Table 1.2 below. Component 4 includes project management and construction supervision services; environment, social, and other monitoring; technical assistance for urban planning, asset management and audit activities; training; and PMU operational costs. 8. As part of project preparation, each of the cities conducted an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study and produced a report setting out the EIA findings. Separate Resettlement Action Plans (RPs) and an Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP – for Lao Cai only) were also prepared to address the resettlement/compensation and ethnic minority issues in line with the WB safeguard policies. This executive summary highlights the salient points in the EIA reports, and also presents relevant information from the separate RPs and the EMDP.
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Table 1.2: Summary of the project’s physical work components Lao Cai City Subproject
No. Item Phase Description 1 Component 1 Basic Urban Infrastructure upgrading and service improvement
(US$8.25 million) 1.1 Dong Ha
resettlement area 1 Site area is 13.5ha. Scope includes earthworks, roads, water supply
and drainage, power supply, open space, a primary school, a kindergarten, and a community center. Planned population is about 1,800 people. (US$4.60 million)
1.2 Soi Lan resettlement area
1 Site area is 14.1ha. Scope includes earthworks, roads, water supply and drainage, power supply, open space, a secondary school, a primary school, a kindergarten, and a community center. Planned population is about 1,850 people. (US$3.35 million)
1.3 School toilet program
1 Construct toilets in 18 existing schools. (US$0.23million)
1.4 Public toilet program
1 Construct 4 public toilets in the northern part of the city. (US$0.07 million)
2 Component 2 Urban water supply and environmental sanitation (US$15.44 million)
2.1 Expand the capacity of the Coc San water supply facility
2 Works include (i) building an intake structure, with a low weir and ancillary facilities; (ii) constructing a raw water pipeline from the intake to the water treatment plant, about 8km long; and (iii) installing about 15.6km of water distribution pipelines. (US$3.72 million)
2.2 Improving drainage and reducing floods in the old part of the city
1 The works include constructing box culverts, total length about 2.15km; (US$1.62 million)
2.3 Improving drainage and pavements of roads in the old part of the city
1 The works cover about 84 sections of the existing road network in the old part of the city, and include: (i) repairing or replacing the road drainage network; and (ii) rehabilitating road and footpath surfaces, total area about 150,000 m2.(US$2.02 million)
2.4 Wastewater collection and treatment system for Catchment 2
2 The works include (i) constructing 12 diversion chambers; (ii) installing about 9.5km of collection network; (iii) installing about 4.6km of pressure pipeline; (iv) constructing 5 wastewater pumping stations; and (v) constructing a wastewater treatment plant, capacity 3,600m3 per day. (US$8.08 million)
D1 1 & 2 Constructing a new road serving a new urban area being developed
in the southern area of the city, 7.5km long, to 4 lane standard, with footpaths through urban areas, and cross-drainage. (US$14.0 million)
3.2 Lang Chien Bridge 2 Constructing a new 3 span concrete bridge, 99m long, on Road D1. (US$2.6 million)
4 Component 4 Project Management Support and Technical Assistance (US$3.98 million)
4.1 Project management support and construction supervision
1 & 2 The scope includes: (i) support to the PMU for all activities, including procurement, reporting, financial and other monitoring; (ii) supervision of all construction works; and (iii) an information, education, and communications (IEC) program. (US$2.74 million)
4.2 Independent monitoring
1 & 2 The scope covers independent services for (i) environment and resettlement monitoring; (ii) financial audit; and (iii) post-evaluation. (US$0.28 million)
4.3 Technical assistance
1 The scope will cover, as separate programs: (i) urban planning; (ii) asset management and capacity building; (iii) Internal Audit Capacity Building; and safeguards management capacity building
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No. Item Phase Description (US$0.90 million)
4.4 Equipment and facilities
1 The scope provides for equipment and resources for the PMU and for city agencies involved with the technical assistance program above. (US$0.06 million)
4.5 Training and study tours
1 The scope includes training and relevant study tours for city officials, PMU staff, and staff of utility agencies. (US$0.05 million)
4.6 PMU operational costs
1 & 2 The scope, which will be counterpart financed, is PMU salaries, office and other expenses related to PMU’s management of the project. (US$1.20 million)
Phu Ly City Subproject
No. Item Phase Description 1 Component 1 Basic Urban Infrastructure upgrading and service improvement
(US$3.86 million) 1.1 Infrastructure in
Quang Trung ward
2 The scope includes (i) constructing an internal road 0.9km long; (ii) installing a storm water drainage network 0.9km long; (iii) installing a water supply network connecting to the existing main supply network, total length about 5km. (US$1.48 million)
1.2 Infrastructure in Hoa Lac village, in Lam Ha Commune
2 The scope includes (i) upgrading existing internal roads, about 2.1km total length, to existing width; (ii) install a combined storm water and drainage system, 2.7km total length; and (iii) installing a water supply network connecting to the existing main supply network, total length about 4.25km total length. (US$0.69 million)
1.3 Infrastructure in Me Noi village, Liem Chinh commune
2 The scope includes (i) upgrading existing internal roads, about 0.8km total length, to existing width; (ii) install combined storm water and drainage system, 0.8km total length; and (iii) installing a water supply network connecting to the existing main supply network, total length about 6.12km total length. (US$0.41 million)
1.4 School construction in Quang Trung ward
1 Constructing (i) a primary school for 425 pupils; and (ii) a kindergarten for 350 pupils. (US$1.28 million)
2 Component 2 Urban Water Suppy and Environmental sanitation (US$14.35 million)
2.1 Regulating lakes in Lam Ha and Quang Trung
2 Construct regulating lakes in Lam Ha ward, area 14.7ha, and Quang Trung ward, area 2.5ha. (S$6.00 million)
2.2 Wastewater network for Bac Chai Giang area, and water transmission pipeline along Road D1-N7.
2 Construct (i) a separate wastewater network based on a pipeline about 7km long leading to the project-financed Bac Chai Giang wastewater treatment plant (see below); and (ii) clean water pipeline parallel to the new project-financed D1-N7 Road (see below). (US$4.00 million)
2.3 Wastewater pumping stations
2 Construct 2 wastewater pumping stations for the pipeline constructed under Item 2.2. (US$0.43 million)
2.4 Pumping station for Quang Trung regulating lake
2 Construct a flood control pumping station, with capacity of 4,000m3 per hour between Quang Trung regulating lake and the Nhue River. (US$0.56 million)
2.5 Chau Giang wastewater plant
2 Construct a wastewater treatment plant for the southern part of the proposed Bac Chau Giang urban area, with an initial capacity of 3,000m3 per day. (US$3.35 million)
3 Component 3 Urban Roads and Bridges (US$21.51 million) 3.1 Road D4-N7 1 & 2 Constructing Road D4-N7, serving a new urban center to the north of
the existing city administrative and commercial area, 4.74km long, initially to 4 lane standard, with footpaths, with drainage, street
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No. Item Phase Description lighting, and provision for pedestrians. (US$13.64 million)
3.2 Chau Giang River bridge
2 Constructing an initial 4 lane bridge 195m long, within the D1-N7 road alignment. (US$7.87 million)
4 Component 4 Project Management Support and Technical Assistance (US$3.86 million)
4.1 Management support and construction supervision
1 & 2 The scope includes: (i) support to the PMU for all activities, including procurement, reporting, financial and other monitoring; (ii) supervision of all construction works; and (iii) an IEC program. (US$2.27 million)
4.2 Independent monitoring
1 & 2 The scope covers independent services for (i) environment and resettlement; monitoring; (ii) financial audit; and (iii) post-evaluation. (US$0.36 million)
4.3 Technical assistance
1 The scope will cover, as separate programs, for (i) urban planning; (ii) asset management and capacity building; (iii) Internal Audit Capacity Building , and (iv) Safeguards Management Capacity Building (US$0.85 million)
4.4 Equipment and facilities
1 The scope provides for equipment and resources for the PMU and for city agencies involved with the technical assistance program above. (US$0.20 million)
4.5 Training and study tours
1 The scope includes training and relevant study tours for city officials, PMU staff, and staff of utility agencies. (US$0.17 million)
4.6 PMU operational costs
1 & 2 The scope, which will be counterpart funding financed, is PMU salaries, office and other expenses related to PMU’s management of the project. (US$1.42 million)
Vinh City Subproject
No. Item Phase Description 1 Component 1 Basic urban infrastructure upgrading and service
improvement (US$7.30 million) 1.1 Resettlement area at
Quan Bau 1 Construction of Quan Bau resettlement area, 12.8ha, including site
leveling, road networks, water supply and drainage systems, power supply, street lighting, and open space. (US$3.65 million)
1.2 Resettlement area at Hamlet 5 Nghi Phu Commune
1 Construction of Hamlet 5-Nghi Phu resettlement area, 11.7ha, including site leveling, road networks, water supply and drainage systems, power supply, street lighting, and open space. (US$2.65 million)
1.3 School sanitation improvements
1 Constructing and/or improving (i) sanitary facilities for 32 primary and secondary schools; (ii) hand washing facilities for 14 schools; and (iii) construction of toilets for 7 schools. (US$1.00 million)
2 Component 2 Urban water suppy and environmental sanitation improvements (US$31.01 million)
2.1 Upgrading Bac Channel
1 & 2 Rehabilitation and upgrading the Bac Channel in 3 sections (1.25km, 2.06km, and 1.4km), including construction of a box culvert channel, stone pitching, service roads, sidewalks, street lighting, and landscaping. (US$10.54 million)
2.2 Bac Channel Interceptors
1 & 2 Constructing of interceptors along both sides of the Bach Channel, connecting to the wastewater pumping station (below) (US$4.00 million)
2.3 Bac Channel regulating lake
2 Constructing a regulating lake at the end of the Bac Channel, area 53ha, with stone pitching, service roads, sidewalks, street lighting, and landscaping. (US$6.84 million)
2.4 Vinh Citadel drainage improvements
2 Rehabilitating and upgrading of the moat/drainage channels around the Vinh Citadel, including dredging, rock pitching, service roads, street lighting, and landscaping. (US$4.37 million)
2.5 Cua Nam Lake improvement
2 Upgrading the existing Cua Nam Lake, including (i) dredging and rock pitching; (ii) constructing a wastewater pumping station capacity 3,100m3 per day; and (iii) constructing a pressure
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No. Item Phase Description pipeline from the pumping station to the Hong Bong Channel. (US$4.08 million)
2.6 Upgrading drainage channels
2 Upgrading the main drainage channel from Channel No. 3 to the Dong Vinh Channel. (US$0.99 million)
2.7 Expanding the main pumping station
2 Increasing the capacity of the city’s main wastewater pumping station from 12,600 to 25,000m3 per day. (US$0.19 million)
Road 2 Constructing the Hung Tay – Vinh Road, 6.21km long, to an
initial 4 lane standard, including an initial 2 lane bridge 443m long over the main north-south railway. (US$18.54 million)
3.2 NH46-Lam River Road
2 Constructing the NH46 – Lam River Road, 8.25km long, to an initial 2 lane standard. (US$9.26 million)
4 Component 4 Project Management Support and Technical Assistance (US$5.90 million)
4.1 Management support and construction supervision
1 & 2 The scope includes: (i) support to the PMU for all activities, including procurement, reporting, financial and other monitoring; (ii) supervision of all construction works; and (iii) an IEC program. (US$4.18 million)
4.2 Independent monitoring
1 & 2 The scope covers independent services for (i) environment and resettlement monitoring; (ii) financial audit; and (iii) post-evaluation. (US$0.41 million)
4.3 Technical assistance 1 The scope will cover, as separate programs, for (i) urban planning; (ii) asset management and capacity building; (iii) Internal Audit Capacity Building; and (iv) Safeguards Management Capacity Building (US$0.80 million)
4.4 Equipment and facilities
1 The scope provides for equipment and resources for the PMU and for city agencies involved with the technical assistance program above. (US$0.22 million)
4.5 Training and study tours
1 The scope includes training and relevant study tours for city officials, PMU staff, and staff of utility agencies. (US$0.28 million)
4.6 PMU operational costs
1 & 2 The scope, which will be counterpart funding financed, is PMU salaries, office and other expenses related to PMU’s management of the project. (US$1.75 million)
C. Basis of law, legislation and regulation
9. The project is required to comply with the prevailing environmental laws in Vietnam, which include the Law on environmental protection No. 52/2005/QH11 dated 29/11/2005, Decrees, Circulars, Decisions, standards and regulations of Vietnam on Environment; Circular No. 05/2008/TT-BTNMT dated 08/12/2008 of the Minister of Natural Resources and Environment on guidelines for preparation of strategic EIA reports,; and Vietnamese standards and regulations. The project must also comply with the triggered safeguard policies of the World Bank, as summarized in Table 1.3 below. Very small areas of natural habitats (secondary urban forests and watercourses) are affected by the project but as these impacts are minor they do not trigger the Natural Habitats policy of the Bank (OP 4.04).
Table 1.3: Compliance with World Bank Safeguards Policies
Safeguard Policy Actions
Environmental Assessment (OP/BP 4.01)
Category A project. A full EIA including an Environment Management Plan (EMP) has been prepared for each of the cities
Social Assessments have been conducted for the three cities; social impacts were also considered in the EIAs
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Safeguard Policy Actions
Physical and Cultural Resources (OP/BP 4.11)
Environmental screening conducted in the three cities included screening for PCR. The Vinh City subproject has the Vinh ancient citadel, a national heritage site that will be affected.
About 1,000 graves will be relocated, in the 3 cities Chance finds procedures for archaeological artifacts found during
construction have been prepared and will be included in bidding documents and contracts
Involuntary Resettlement (OP/BP 4.12)
City-specific Resettlement Plans (RPs) have been prepared for the three cities
Indigenous Peoples (OP/BP 4.10)
An Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (EMDP) has been prepared for the Lao Cai City subproject. There are no affected ethnic minority populations in the other two cities. An EMDP is equivalent to an Indigenous Peoples Development Plan as required by the Bank’s policy.
International Waterways OP 7.50
Lao Cai Province is on the border between Vietnam and China. The project-financed wastewater treatment plant in Lao Cai will discharge treated wastewater into the Ngoi Dum River, which joins the Red River about 5 km downstream from the border with China. China was notified about the project and its potential impacts (none on the Red River in China) as per requirements of the Bank’s policy.
Public consultation and disclosure
Intensive, culturally-sensitive consultations were carried out in all communities in the project areas of the three cities, including with ethnic minority groups in Lao Cai, and the key comments and project responses are reported in the three EIAs and in the EMDP for Lao Cai. Government and Non-Government organizations were also consulted in public meetings or have sent their written opinion as required by the Government’s environmental regulations. The final draft of the EIAs and RAPs for the three cities and the EMDP for Lao Cai were disclosed prior to project appraisal
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CHAPTER 2: BASELINE CONDITIONS IN THE PROJECT AREAS
10. Presented below are brief descriptions of the project cities. A. Lao Cai City Subproject
11. Lao Cai City, the principal city in Lao Cai Province, is located about 280 kilometers (km) northwest of Hanoi. It has been an important trading point between Vietnam and China for many centuries. Subproject activities will be carried out both in the existing old town areas as well as in a new urban area. The old part of the city, close to the border and situated on both sides of the Red River where it emerges from China, is densely populated, with narrow streets servicing a mainly low-rise and long established commercial and residential center. The infrastructure is generally run down, with roads cracked and in poor condition, the water supply system operating at capacity, and the drainage system blocked and not operating in much of the area. There is no wastewater treatment system; wastewater is collected and channeled directly into the Red River. 12. The city’s population is about 98,600 people, which includes 28 ethnic minority groups, about 23% of the population. 13. Hilly areas make up about 60% of the area of the city with an average elevation from 80-100 meters (m) above mean sea level. In the city, forest covers about 10,500 ha (46% of total area); of which about 57% is protection forest (protecting watersheds). There are no rare or endangered species as listed in the Red Book and the flora and fauna are impoverished, as is typical of an urban and highly human-modified environment in Vietnam. 14. About 70% of the population is served by water connections, and the remainder uses water from dug and drilled wells. About 30 tons of solid waste is collected each day and disposed of at the city’s landfill (Tong Moon) located about 6 km from the city. 15. The Red River enters Vietnam from China at Lao Cai. The river’s flow ranges from 70 to 7,800 cubic meters/second (m3/s), for an average annual flow of about 530 m3/s. The river contains many aquatic species, although statistical data on production and number of aquatic species caught in Lao Cai and in Chinese territory is limited. 16. Within the city, the Ngoi Dum and Ngoi Duong, both small, are the two main rivers. They receive drainage and wastewater from the city. The Ngoi Dum will receive the discharge from the project’s proposed wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). There are very few aquatic species present, and no rare or high-value species have been identified. 17. Overall, the city’s principal environmental issues are (i) poor surface water quality (in terms of ammonia, oils and greases, dissolved oxygen and suspended solids which exceed the standard of class A2 – QCVN 08) both in the Red River and the Ngoi Dum; (ii) high concentrations of copper, lead, zinc, cadmium, and arsenic in river sediments; and (iii) direct discharge of wastewater in natural watercourses without treatment.
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B. Phu Ly City Subproject
18. Phu Ly City, the principle city in Ha Nam Province, is located 50 km southwest of Hanoi. It has an area of 3,450 ha, of which 960 ha is urban. The city’s population is 86,920, with a growth rate from 2005-2009 of about 0.9% per annum. The projected population in 2020, on which the city’s approved master plan is based, is 180,000, implying a future annual growth rate of about 4.5%. 19. The city is located at the confluence of three large rivers: the Day, Nhue and Chau Giang. The Chau Giang River is the largest branch of the Nhue River and receives run-off water from the city. As a consequence, it is seriously polluted and aquatic life in the river is very limited. 20. Two water treatment plants (capacities of 10,000 m3/day and 15,000 m3/day respectively) supply water to 80% of the population living in the central part of the city. However, in the other areas of the city, only about 7% of households have access to clean water. Most households in these areas use rain water and ground water. 21. The city generates around 43 tons of solid waste per day, which is collected and treated by the city’s Urban Works Company to produce organic fertilizer at a processing plant in the city. 22. Significant environmental issues are related to poor sanitation infrastructure resulting in poor quality of surface water, with BOD, COD, nitrogen (NO3-), ammonia (NH4+), and phosphate being of particular concern. High nitrogen and ammonia levels were also observed in some groundwater samples. C. Vinh City Subproject
23. Vinh City, the principle city in Nghe An Province, is about 300 km south of Hanoi. The city covers about 105 km2, and has a population of 301,500 people, with a recent population growth rate of about 1.7% per annum. 24. Two major rivers flow through the city, the Lam River and the Rao Dung River. Water bodies within the city, such as the Bac Channel, Cua Nam Lake, Vinh Citadel Moat System and Dong Vinh Channel, are all in poor condition, and will be upgraded or rehabilitated by the project. None of these water bodies is known to have significant levels of aquatic biodiversity, most being heavily polluted and, where fishing is possible, severely over-fished. 25. The water supply capacity of the city is 60,000 m3/day. Around 75% of the population is connected to the existing wastewater drainage system, which includes three pumping stations with a total capacity of 60,000 m3/day, and several regulation lakes. With assistance from Germany’s KfW, a wastewater treatment plant is being constructed to serve part of the old city and also the new urban areas. 26. Most solid waste is transported to open landfills or dumped into the city’s waterways. However, with assistance from Denmark and KfW, one existing land fill site (Nghi Yen) has been upgraded to sanitary standard. It commenced operations in early 2011.
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27. Overall, the major environmental issues relevant to the project are (i) poor quality surface water (high concentrations of NH4+, BOD5, COD, cyanide and coliform bacteria); (ii) polluted ground water (Cl, Fe, Mn, NH4+ and KMnO4 often exceeding standard values); and (iii) polluted sediments and wastewater.
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CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
28. The project’s proposed investments are in line with the cities’ master plans which have been approved by the Government. Alternatives were considered in the preparation of the master plans, which are also subject to review by environmental authorities as per Vietnamese law. Alternatives were further considered by the cities where appropriate during the project’s feasibility study and related EIA preparation. A. Lao Cai City Subproject
29. During the feasibility study, alternative analyses were made for the subproject’s major investments, specifically the proposed wastewater treatment plant and the proposed D1 road. The results of these analyses are presented below. No alternative analyses were undertaken for the remaining investments, either because there were no reasonable or practical alternatives, or because the works were small and location specific (flood mitigation culverts and urban road pavement and drainage rehabilitation, for example).
Alternatives for Wastewater Treatment
- Location: Lao Cai’s topography results in its drainage system being divided into several catchments. During the feasibility study four of these were examined, to determine which should have priority for installation of the city’s first wastewater treatment plant. Based on considerations of population density, amount of wastewater being generated, the extent to which existing residences and commercial establishments are already connected to a drainage network, availability of land, and cost, Catchment 2 was selected. Subject to the confirmation ofa Bank-supported Urban Sanitation Strategy, to be undertaken under the parallel Bank-financed Project Preparation Technical Assistance Facility, this catchment will be the location for the plant. It will be located in the only area within the catchment that is sufficiently large and which meets technical and economic selection criteria.
- Technology: For the selected catchment, three alternative treatment technologies were considered. Compared to the other two technologies (oxidation ditch and conventional sequencing batch reactor), the selected alternative, with the treatment consisting of combined block (anaerobic and aerobic oxidation tanks) was chosen because: (i) this technology is suitable for a small area (the chosen site is only 2.1 ha); (ii) it can incorporate an odor removal system; (iii) it provides for completely automatic operation; and (iv) is suitable for the projected long term required treatment capacity (5,300 m3/day, with Phase 1 under the project being 4,300 m3/day). The resulting treated wastewater will meet the B standard requirements of the Government’s standard for wastewater to be discharged in waterways.
The D1 Road: Since the D1 Road is an essential part of the city’s master plan the no-road alternative was not considered. However, the alignment chosen for the road was selected to follow as closely as possible the alignment of an existing rural road, to reduce its impacts on local residents and the wooded environment through which it passes. Notwithstanding these considerations, the road’s impacts are considerable, because of its scale and because of the difficult terrain through which it is to be constructed. Its technical design has been modified from that proposed originally by reducing shoulder widths, removing benches from excavations, and
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adding road safety protection to ensure that the road meets the standard for an urban arterial road constructed through hilly terrain, and to minimize the earthworks, costs, and environmental impacts.
B. Phu Ly City Subproject
30. For Phu Ly City, the principle investments for which alternative analyses were carried out were (i) the proposed wastewater treatment plant (WWTP); and (ii) Road D4-N7, the core road of the proposed new urban area’s road network. The results of the analyses are presented below.
Alternatives for Wastewater Treatment Plant. The proposed WWTP plant will serve the northern part of the existing urban area and all of the planned new urban area. It will be constructed in two stages, the first stage (under the Project) with a capacity of 3,000 m3/day to serve 2020 projected demand, and the second stage for 2025 and beyond projected demand. The feasibility study considered four alternative locations for the plant, and four alternative treatment technologies, with some interaction between the location and technology alternatives, in particular in respect of land area required, investment cost, and operations and maintenance cost.
For location, the selection factors considered included area of land required, whether gravity or pumped feed would be needed, interaction with ongoing and planned developments in the area, capital and operating cost, and others. The analysis, as presented in the feasibility report, involved a comprehensive matrix setting out each factor, and concluded that a location in the northwest corner of the new urban area would be most suitable. It should also be noted that the wastewater network to be constructed in the new urban area cannot be connected to the existing or under-construction wastewater treatment plants in the south of the city, because these plants are on the other side of the Chau Giang River, and also because neither has the capacity to accept the large additional flows that will come from the new area.
For technology, four alternatives were considered: advanced oxidation ditch, waste
stabilization tank, traditional activated sludge, and bio-filtration tank. As for the plant’s location, the feasibility study presented a comprehensive matrix of relevant factors, and concluded that the advanced oxidation ditch technology was the most appropriate for the project. This selection was based on low land area requirement, simplicity of operation, and reasonable capital and operating costs.
As for Lao Cai, the appropriateness of the location and technology will be further
studied and if necessary adjusted under a parallel Urban Sanitation Strategy.
Road D4-N7. The proposed Road D4-N7 forms the north-south corridor of the planned new urban area. Its ultimate configuration will be dual carriageway, with each carriageway containing 4 lanes. The initial configuration, Phase 1, to be constructed under the proposed project, will be 2 lanes in each carriageway with a wide central median within which the future additional 4 lanes will be constructed. Since the terrain through which the road passes is uniformly flat, being largely used for rice cultivation, and also because the road forms the core of an extensive future urban road network plan, no alternative alignments were considered. For the same
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reasons, the do nothing alternative was not considered. The alternative analysis covered phasing of the road’s construction, and aspects of technical design, such as widths, road safety improvements, etc. The selected alternative is the first phase of the road’s ultimate configuration, with widths, road safety features, etc., that are adequate for traffic projected to use the road during its initial service period.
C. Vinh City Subproject
31. For Vinh City, the principle investments for which alternative analyses were carried out were (i) the Bac Channel improvement; (ii) the Vinh – Hung Tay Road, one of the core roads of the city’s expanded urban road network; and (iii) the drainage aspects of the Nghi Phi resettlement site. The results of the analyses are presented below.
Alternatives for the Bac Channel Rehabilitation and Upgrading - Two alternatives were considered based on a comparison of economic, technical, environmental and social aspects. The upper part section (about 1,240 m long, 12-15 m wide) is densely populated, has no access road, and requires extensive relocation of people. The remaining length of the channel is less densely settled. The selected alternative provides for the construction of a reinforced concrete box culvert for the upper section of the channel, with a park constructed over it, and an open but lined channel for the lower part, again with parks on both banks. This alterative was selected due to its relatively simple and low cost construction, and because it would require fewer people to be relocated.
Alternatives for construction of a Bridge Crossing the Railway on the Hung Tay - Vinh Road - Two alternatives were considered, the first requiring a long (480 m) bridge over the north-south railway that provides a direct route into Vinh City and relatively little land acquisition and resettlement, and the second making use of an existing at-grade railway crossing some distance to the north of the first alternative bridge site and a portion of the local road network, with substantial land acquisition and resettlement required. The first alternative has a higher cost than the second, even allowing for the cost of the latter’s much longer length of new road and substantially higher resettlement impacts. Nonetheless, the first alternative has been selected, as providing the better medium to long term configuration for the city’s road network, and also because of its very much lower impacts on settled urban areas.
Alternatives for managing wastewater discharge from the Nghi Phu resettlement
site - Three alternatives were considered: (1) construct a wetland treatment in the nearby area (road NH46); (2) construct a small wastewater treatment plant; and (3) construct a small pumping station and pipeline (1,550 m long) to connect the resettlement site’s wastewater network to the Bac Channel and from there to the KfW-financed wastewater network. Alternative 1 has the lowest construction cost, but requires land acquisition and good management of the resulting wetland area, and also depends on effective operation and maintenance and future investment. Since the pollution risk would be high, this alternative was rejected. Comparing the remaining two alternatives, the environmental impacts and risks are not significantly different. Alternative 3 has been selected, based on engineering, economic and ease of construction considerations.
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CHAPTER 4: IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND IDENTIFICATION OF MITIGATION MEASURES 32. Impact assessments and mitigation measures for each subproject investment were developed based on document reviews, meetings with key agencies, field visits to project sites and collection of environmental data (air, noise, vibration, sediment, sludge analysis, etc). A checklist method was used to identify key issues and the required mitigation measures, based on knowledge and experience in the country and taking into account good international practices. In addition to the EIA reports, a Social Impact Assessment (SIA), subproject Resettlement Action Plans (RPs), and an Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (EMDP) for Lao Cai, have also been prepared in line with relevant WB’s safeguard policies. These have all been taken into account in EIA preparation. Section 4.1 summarizes key positive and negative impacts of the project, section 4.2 summarizes the impacts and mitigation measures relevant to land acquisition and resettlement, and sections 4.3 to 4.5 highlight the key issues and mitigation measures during the site clearance, construction and operation phases of the project. A. Overview of the Project Impacts Potential positive impacts 33. The overall environmental and social project impacts will be positive. Improving basic infrastructure (roads, drainage, water supply, and sanitation) in existing urban areas would improve access to better services, as well as improving existing living conditions and human health. Upgrading and dredging of main canals, lakes, and other facilities associated with wastewater management would improve drainage and flood control capacity as well as improving water and environmental quality in the project areas. Construction of the resettlement areas would improve living conditions of affected populations, while constructing new roads and bridges would improve connectivity within and between cities and promote socio-economic development of the regions within which they are located. Specific benefits of the project are highlighted below.
Lao Cai: the entire city will benefit from securing an additional source of water supply (6,000 m3/day) with better quality and increased water supply service for about 50,000 additional people. In the old town area benefits will arise from significantly reduced flooding, improved street drainage, and rehabilitated road pavements. Students in the project-supported schools will benefit from improved toilet and sanitary facilities. The city’s population generally, and road users specifically, will benefit from improved road access and connectivity at intercity and regional level.
For Phu Ly, the residents of the three existing urban areas in the south of the city will benefit from improvement of basic infrastructure. Students in the project area will benefit from the construction of schools and sanitary improvements. In the northern part of the city, where a new urban area is being developed, future residents will benefit from development of the road around which the new urban area will be constructed, and from the wastewater treatment plant and primary drainage network that will service the area.
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For Vinh, people who live in the old city areas will benefit from improvements in drainage, flood control, wastewater management, and water quality in existing lakes and around the ancient citdel area, and also in the vicinity of the highly polluted Bac Channel. Construction of the two new roads would benefit the overall population of the city generally, and road users and residents of the new urban areas that the roads will serve specifically.
34. Overall, the project will result in better infrastructure services providing socio-economic benefits. Wastewater collection, drainage and wastewater collection will result in improved environmental conditions and health conditions. The extensive capacity building and technical assistance that is incorporated in the project will result in more efficient and effective management and sustainability of the cities’ assets. Potential Negative Impacts 35. The project will result in some negative impacts on the local environment and populations. Key direct impacts for all three cities arise from (a) land acquisition and resettlement, (b) site clearance and construction, and (c) operation after completion. 36. Section 4.2 below summarizes the key impacts due to land acquisition and resettlement. Sections 4.3 summarizes key impacts during site clearance, construction and operation, Section 4.4 addresses Physical Cultural Resources impacts, Section 4.5 deals with Natural Habitats, and Section 4.6 provides an overview of cumulative impacts. B. Impacts during the Land acquisition and resettlement phase
37. The need to minimize to the extent possible land acquisition and resettlement was a factor taken into account during the feasibility study, especially for roads and bridges. Table 4.1 summarizes the number of affected households, the area of land to be acquired, and the number of graves to be relocated for each city. The Lao Cai subproject also affects 21 ethnic minority households, of which 12 will be relocated (Table 4.2).
Table 4-1: Affected households, acquired land and relocated graves
Impact Unit Lao Cai Phu Ly Vinh
Land acquisition (agricultural and residential land)
Ha 75.1 36.9 123.7
Affected households Household 523 715 1995
Of which, relocated households Household 294 109 408
Relocated graves Grave 126 326 620
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Table 4-2: Lao Cai-Impacts on ethnic minority households
Ward No. of households
No. of HHs losing more than 10% of
productive land
Affected Productive land area –
m2
No. of relocating
households
Affected residential area
m2
Bac Cuong 12 10 40,286 8 17,792
Nam Cuong 1 1 600 0 0
Binh Minh 8 8 10,375 4 1,110
Total 21 19 51,261 12 2,802
38. An Ethnic Minority Development Plan (EMDP) was developed for the Lao Cai subproject, consistent with the World Bank policy OP 4.10 on Indigenous Peoples. The EMDP is based on the results of surveying, interviewing and group discussions with affected ethnic minority people. The discussion focused on mitigating adverse impacts and enhancing socio-economic benefits from the project for the affected ethnic minority people in the project area. C. Impacts and Mitigation during Site Clearance, Construction, and Operation
39. Key impacts will arise from: (a) relocation of existing infrastructure (water supply, electricity, etc.), (b) site clearance, including unexploded ordnance (UXO) clearance, and earthworks construction, (c) increased traffic during construction, runoff from freshly excavated areas, and disposal of waste materials, including material from lake and canal dredging, some of which may be contaminated with heavy metal and other pollutants. 40. During the detailed design of the project works, attention will be given to mitigating these impacts to the extent possible by incorporating into the designs, bidding documentation, and resulting contracts. Specifically, the bidding documents and the contracts will reflect (i) the provisions of the comprehensive Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs) for small-scale urban construction works that have been prepared for the project (see Table 4.3 below); and (ii) site specific impact and mitigation measures that have been prepared for each of the project works where impacts and mitigation measures are beyond, or in addition to, the provisions of the ECOPs. Full details on the ECOPs and the site-specific measures are included in the EIAs. The site specific details include impacts and mitigation measures for each of the works once they have been completed and have entered service.
Table 4-3: Categories of Impacts Covered by the ECOPs
Dust generation Air pollution Impacts from noise and vibration Water pollution Drainage and sedimentation control Management of stockpiles, quarries, and borrow pits Solid waste
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Management of dredged materials Disruption of vegetative covers and ecological resources Traffic management Interruption of utility services Restoration of affected areas Worker and public safety Communication with local communities Chance findings
41. For dredged material, the detailed design scope will include analysis of chemical composition, to supplement the work done during the feasibility study, and preparation of a Dredged Material Disposal Plan (DMDP) identifying dredging methods, transportation, and disposal that are appropriate and cost-effective. This plan will be incorporated into the related bidding documents and contracts, and will be the basis upon which the contractors will prepare their specific plans for each site that requires dredging and disposal of dredged materials. D. Potential impacts on Physical and Cultural Resources
42. In all three cities there are graves that need to be relocated, about 1,000 graves in total. This activity, and the work the project will undertake on the Vinh Ancient Citadel moat, and adjacent to the Cau Lin Pagoda, also in Vinh, result in the World Bank’s Policy on Physical and Cultural Resources (OP 4.11) being triggered. None of the other cultural resources identified during EIA preparation is likely to be affected by the project, since all are located some distance away from construction sites. 43. Mitigation measures: Impacts on identified cultural resources, associated mitigation measures and environmental monitoring are addressed in each of the subproject EIAs. The EMPs for each of the subprojects include clear guidance for project activities on identified PCR locations, and also chance finds procedures to be followed, in line with Government regulations and consistent with World Bank policy. The chance find procedures are illustrated in Figure 4.1.
Figure 4-1: Chance Find Procedures
Archaeological artifacts found during project construction
(Contractor and CSC)
Temporarily stop construction, and install a protection fence; immediately
contact the PMU
All parties record the scene (in the form prepared by the CMC)
PMU reports by letter to the provincial Department of Culture, Information
and Tourism (DCIT)
Implement next steps under guidance of the DCIT
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E. Cumulative impacts
44. The MCDP three subproject cities are located in different geographical areas and provinces within Vietnam. No cumulative impacts between the three cities, subprojects and other associated subprojects are anticipated because of the geographical distance and the types and limited scales of investment activities. 45. The various urban investments to be financed under the project, producing for the most part minor and temporary impacts such as noise, dust, and traffic disturbances, or positive impacts such as improved local water quality or accessibility, will be a small part of much larger and long-term urban development initiatives that are being implemented under the cities urban master plans. These city plans have each assessed and taken into account long-term effects, both adverse and positive, of the proposed urban development plan with their infrastructures and considers these investments will result and bring about positive environmental changes in the cities. The proposed urban development plans were reviewed and considered to adequate reflect long term impacts of which the city subproject infrastructure investments are a very small part with no cumulative impacts. 46. In each individual city, cumulative negative impacts might have occurred in the case of a subproject activity causing significant negative impacts that add in a measurable and significant way to those that are being caused by nearby projects or by projects that take place in the same area, either before or after in time. The individual EIAs however have not identified any cumulative negative impacts. This is largely due to the small scale of most works, the type of works, and their location. 47. Loa Cai: The Lao Cai subproject EIA has not identified any cumulative negative impacts. This is due to the small scale of most works, the type of works, and their location. For example, within Lao Cai City, receiving waters for wastewater discharges from the Ngoi Dum WWTP may receive other discharges from WWTPs as the city develops their wastewater treatment networks. However, these discharges will replace untreated wastewater now being discharged into the same stream so the cumulative impacts will be positive. 48. Phu Ly: Except for the WWTP being funded by Belgian Technical Cooperation (BTC), the Phu Ly subproject EIA has however not identified any cumulative negative impacts. Receiving waters for wastewater discharges from the BTC WWTP may receive other discharges from the city wastewater treatment networks. However, these discharges will replace untreated wastewater now being discharged into the same stream so the cumulative impacts will be positive. Nevertheless, a due diligence review of the EIA report for the BTC WWTP was conducted to assess the level of additional impacts resulting from the Phu Ly subproject investment, as well as the adequacy of the EA work carried out for the WWTP. The assessment considered maximum design capacity, discharge of effluents and sludge management during operations, outcomes of public consultation and the EIA approval provided by DONREs. Based on this assessment, it is concluded that the anticipated cumulative impacts will be within environmental thresholds and therefore special mitigation measures will not be required.
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49. Vinh City: As for Vinh city, Except for the linkage with the WWTP being funded by KfW, the Vinh subproject EIA has however not identified any cumulative negative impacts. The KfW WWTP, receiving waters for wastewater discharges from the KfW WWTP may receive other discharges from the city wastewater treatment networks. However, these discharges will replace untreated wastewater now being discharged into the same stream so the cumulative impacts will be positive. Nevertheless, a due diligence review of the EIA report for the KfW WWTP was conducted to assess the level of additional impacts resulting from the Vinh subproject investment, as well as the adequacy of the EA work carried out for the WWTP. The assessment considered maximum design capacity, discharge of effluents and sludge management during operations, outcomes of public consultation and the EIA approval provided by DONREs. Based on this assessment, it is concluded that the anticipated cumulative impacts will be within environmental thresholds and therefore special mitigation measures will not be required.
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CHAPTER 5: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
50. Based on the assessment of the potential negative impacts discussed and the mitigation measures outlined in Chapter 5, this chapter presents a summary of the Environmental Management Plans (EMPs) that are included in each of the city subproject EIAs. The EMPs identify actions to be carried out under each city subproject including the environmental monitoring program and the implementation arrangements. These take into account the need to comply with the Government’s EIA regulations and the World Bank’s safeguard policies. A. Basic Principles
51. As a part of the EIA, an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) is a safeguards instrument that consists of information on and guidance for the process of mitigating and managing adverse environmental impacts throughout project implementation. Typically in Vietnam, an EMP comprises a list of mitigation measures to be carried out by contractors, an environmental monitoring program, organizational arrangements, and an estimated monitoring cost. 52. There is a comprehensive regulatory framework in Vietnam related to EIA preparation, environmental standards, protection and management of forest and cultural property, and other aspects related to construction and operation of facilities and infrastructures. The project EMP’s are consistent with these regulations. 53. To facilitate effective implementation of the EMPs, the city subproject PMUs will: (a) establish an Environment and Social Unit (ESU) responsible for ensuring timely implementation of the EMP, including monitoring, reporting, and capacity building related to safeguards; (b) assign the Construction Supervision Consultant (CSC) to be responsible for supervision of the contractor’s safeguard performance as part of the construction contract and this requirement will be included in the CSC terms of reference (TOR); and (c) hire qualified national consultants as the Environmental Management Consultant (EMC) to assist the ESU in performing these tasks. 54. The city water supply, drainage, and urban maintenance companies, as appropriate, will be responsible for implementing the mitigation measures during the operation stage of the project and they will ensure that the mitigation measures are implemented and adequate budget is provided. The Provincial Steering Committee (PSC) chaired by the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Provincial People’s Committee (PCP) of the respective province will provide the overall policy guidance and oversight of project implementation. 55. In terms of laying out the mitigation measures of the EMP, there are two fundamental parts. Firstly, the project has developed and will use Environmental Codes of Practice (ECOPs). These ECOPs, which are presented in the EIAs, outline typical general low-level impacts that can be expected to occur in a wide range of construction activities of the project. These include mitigation measures for these impacts and a process for including them in the project’s construction contracts.
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56. Secondly, all site-specific impacts that are either not covered in the general ECOPs or which are of an order of magnitude that require mitigation measures not covered in the ECOPs, are described in more detail in the EMP. 57. Impacts due to, and mitigation measures for, land acquisition and resettlement are presented separately in the respective subproject RPs and RPFs and they will be implemented and monitored separately. 58. Some components of the project will finance environmental measures, above and beyond mitigation measures as described in the EMP. This is the case for Component 4.1 which will finance the PMUs’ EMP program, including safeguard training; and Component 4.2 which will finance environmental and resettlement monitoring. B. Management Organization and Responsibilities
59. Environment management responsibilities have been defined in the EIAs and the related EMPs. Environmental management during construction involves the PMUs of the respective cities, their CSCs, contractors, and the Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultants (IEMCs) that each city will be required to select and appoint. Details of these responsibilities are provided in the EIAs. C. Environmental Monitoring
60. It is essential to design the monitoring program and monitoring frequency appropriately to be able to record both the overall performance of the project works as well as the short-term impact due to construction activities. The environmental monitoring program will be implemented during the pre-construction and construction phases at 3 levels:
Monitoring the level of compliance with mitigation measures, Community-based monitoring, and Monitoring the environmental parameters set out in the EIAs.
D. Environmental Supervision
61. Environmental supervision during construction will be the responsibility of the CSCs, who will be required to include in their supervision teams personnel with experience in supervising the environmental aspects of projects financed by international agencies such as the World Bank. They must also be familiar with the environmental legislation requirements of the Government. In accordance with their supervision contracts, and with the provisions of the construction contracts, the CSCs will be responsible for supervising all construction activities, including the mitigation measures that have been incorporated into the contracts on the basis of the EMPs, and more broadly for ensuring that any negative environmental impacts of the project are minimized. E. Technical Assistance for the Implementation of Safeguards
62. An assessment of safeguards implementation capacity of existing PMU staff indicates that PMU staff have limited knowledge on GoV and WB safeguard requirements as well as limited knowledge of environment and social issues. Such lack of capacity
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represents a risk to project implementation of safeguards requirements contained in the EMP and, as required by the WB policy, is to be addressed through capacity building. Therefore it is proposed to provide capacity building through technical assistance that will support the PMU during the implementation of the safeguards requirements. The technical assistance will provide the necessary technical support to the PMU in its work with contractors as well as other entities involved in the implementation of the EMP.
63. The scope of the technical assistance would cover support from experts and training that would cover both the knowledge on safeguards requirements and procedures for the project as well as training that covers both specific knowledge on safeguard procedures and requirement for the project staff, consultants, and national contractor would be important. This would include, for example, assistance in the preparation of documents and implementation of training program on environmental management and environmental monitoring for contractors, CSC and relevant staffs of PMU (environmental staffs and coordinators of packages) to do their tasks. It would also include assisting the PMU’s environmental staff with the review of contract documents on the bidding packages for construction items of the project to ensure compliance with environmental protection policies and impact mitigation and monitoring requirements as well as provide general environmental guidance as requested by the PMU to enhance overall project implementation and performance.
64. Given the nature, locations, and scale of construction, it is anticipated that the safeguard technical assistance support and training will be provided at least during the first 3 years of the project implementation. WB safeguard specialists will participate in the capacity building in particular in the training activities as appropriate.
F. Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultant (IEMC)
65. The monitoring and related audit of the subprojects will be carried out by Independent Environmental Monitoring Consultants (IEMC) appointed by each of the city PMUs for their respective subprojects. The IEMCs will be responsible for carrying out environmental sampling and monitoring at least twice a year, on all environmental-related issues regarding the works. They will check, review, verify and validate the overall environmental performance of the respective subprojects through regular inspections and review. This review will provide confirmation that the results reported by the contractors to the construction management consultants and the PMUs are valid and that the relevant mitigation measures and monitoring programs provided in the subproject EMPs are being fully complied with. The IEMCs will also supply specialized assistance to the PMUs and, if required, to the CSCs, on environmental matters. G. Costs of Environmental Management Plan
66. The costs of land acquisition and resettlement are included in Table 1.1. The EMP cost for each city will comprise: (a) cost for implementation of the mitigation measures by contractor, (b) cost for supervision by the CSC, (c) cost for the independent environmental monitoring consultant (IEMC), (d) monitoring of environmental quality, and (e) PMU safeguard management costs. Costs for the implementation of the mitigation measures during construction will be part of the contract costs while the costs for monitoring by the CSC is provided for in the construction supervision contracts. Costs for PMU operations related to the EMP are provided for in the project management budget of the PMU. None
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of these costs can be easily calculated separately. For each city the cost of (c) will be about $0.08 million ($0.12 including the cost of monitoring the resettlement plan), of (d) will be about $0.03 million. In addition each city has budgeted $0.25 million for a safeguards capacity building program to be implemented during the project.
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CHAPTER 6: PUBLIC CONSULTATION AND INFORMATION DISCLOSURE
A. Public consultation during preparation of the EIAs
67. Two public consultations were carried out during the preparation of each of the subproject EIAs. In line with the Government’s consultation procedures the first consultation was conducted to collect opinions from the Provincial People’s Committees (PPCs), City/Commune People’s Committees (CPCs), and the Fatherland Front Committees in project wards (and with ethnic minority people in Lao Cai City). All comments and concerns expressed during the consultation have been taken into account during the preparation of the project’s feasibility studies. The second consultation focused on the results of the impact assessment and the proposed mitigation measures. Details are provided in the EIA reports and summarized in Table 6.1.
Table 6-1: Summary of Public Consultation Programs
Subproject Date Purpose Community’s opinions
The first public consultation
Lao Cai 26th July 2010 to 31st July 2010
(250 participants)
- To share all information proposed project activities with the community and stakeholders living in the project areas
- To collect opinions; understand the concerns and sensitivities of local authorities and communities
- Supportive of the projects
- Desire resettlement package with job assistance and appropriate compensation.
- Need to implement environmental protection measures strictly during project implementation
- Need to protect cultural heritage sites in the project area
Vinh May 2010
Phu Ly May 23, 2010 to May 31, 2010
The second public consultation
Lao Cai 16th August 2010 to 25th August 2010 (201 participants)
- World Bank and the consultants sought opinions of leaders, unions, and organizations, and representatives of residents living in the Project-affected areas on the contents of draft environmental impact assessment
- Need to enforce prevention of deforestation; water storage
- Need to ensure electrical provision for affected households
- Manage waste strictly on site and assist job-placements for affected households whose production land will be acquired
- During project implementation, the project owner and construction contractors are required to comply with the contents presented in the EIA reports
- Overall the community is satisfied with EIAs and agreed to support the project.
Vinh 20 – 25 September 2010
Phu Ly July 1st, 2010 to July 5th, 2010 (114 participants)
68. In addition to the two public consultations required by the Government and World Bank policies, two local government agencies, the Provincial People’s Committees and Fatherland Front Committees, were also consulted. Their letters containing comments on the project can be found in the EIA appendixes.
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B. Community consultation in the EMDP preparation process (for Lao Cai)
69. During EMDP preparation, consultations were conducted with the affected ethnic minority households as follows: (i) the project components and mitigation plan for affected ethnic minority people were disclosed and discussed with local authorities; (ii) surveys were conducted on the impacts on the ethnic minority households; and (iii) meetings were organized with the local authorities, affected ethnic minority households, and the broader ethnic minority communities in the project area. 70. Overall, there were six interviews with local authorities, two consultations with affected ethnic minority households, four consultations with ethnic minority communities in the project area, and several individual in-depth interviews. The outcome of these consultations is presented in the Lao Cai EMDP. C. Information Disclosure
71. Final drafts of the EIA reports, the EMDP, and RPs were sent to the World Bank for disclosure in the InfoShop in Washington DC, and at the Vietnam Development Information center (VDIC) of the World Bank in Hanoi in September 2011. The Vietnamese versions of the reports have been disclosed in the respective cities, including city wards that contain project investments.
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CHAPTER 7: CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
72. Overall, the Lao Cai City, Vinh City and Phu Ly City subprojects are feasible and consistent with the socio-economic development plans of their respective provinces, and of Vietnam. The project meets the needs for socio-economic development in the cities, supporting sustainable development of the country and the cities through basic infrastructure upgrading, service improvement, water supply and environmental sanitation improvement, and provision of essential new road links. Detailed EIAs prepared for each city subproject have identified and assessed all potential environmental and social impacts of the project. 73. The positive impacts of the project include improving living conditions of the city residents, improving water supply quality and environmental quality for local people through the upgrading of water supply systems and drainage systems and construction of new wastewater treatment plants in Lao Cai and Phu Ly. Water quality in existing water bodies in the cities will be significantly improved as a result of the project. New roads will be constructed and existing roads rehabilitated, to allow the cities’ road networks to become effective and efficient foundations for the cities’ development for the medium and long term. 74. During project implementation, some negative impacts will affect the local environment and local populations in the project areas. Land acquisition and resettlement of project affected households will be required. For the Lao Cai subproject there will also be impacts on ethnic minority groups. Detailed Resettlement Plans and an Ethnic Minorities Development Plan (the latter for Lao Cai) were prepared as part of project preparation. 75. During the construction phase, there will be negative impacts, including vehicle and equipment exhaust emissions, smoke, dust and noise from construction equipment; road and sewage system construction, rain water and sewage sewer installation, wastewater from construction workers and construction activities, construction solid waste, dredged sludge and some contaminated waste, among others. These have been identified in the EIA studies. These impacts can be mitigated by ensuring that the project contractors comply with the provisions of their contracts, including those which relate to environmental impacts. The PMUs and their CSCs will be responsible for ensuring that this compliance occurs. In accordance with their contracts, contractors will be required to prepare site-specific detailed design documents, including environmental provisions. The site-specific EMPs will be approved by the CSCs prior to the work commencing. Periodic monitoring reports will be prepared by independent consultants and the results will be submitted to the World Bank and the Government. 76. To facilitate effective mitigation of impacts during operation, the project will also provide support to ensure that local regulations and operation manuals related to operation of the project facilities will be put in place. 77. Environmental monitoring will be carried out to ensure that the project activities will not create adverse impacts. The monitoring results will be periodically reported to the World Bank and the Government.
Executive Summary of EIAs for Vietnam: Medium Cities Development Project
31
78. The EAIs and the EMDP have been disclosed to local people and authorities in the project areas. The project is supported by, and received valuable comments from, local people and authorities.
Bac ChauGiang WWTP
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Lam HaLake
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CEO AREA
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TIEN HEIP COMMUNE
TIEN TAN COMMUNE
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Phu Ly
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CHINA
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Phu Ly
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CHINA
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LAOPEOPLE'SDEM. REP.
COMPONENT 1 SCHOOL CONSTRUCTION BASIC URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE UPGRADE
COMPONENT 2 REGULATION LAKES WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE SYSTEM WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP) PUMPING STATION (PS)
This map was produced by theMap Design Unit of The World Bank.The boundaries, colors, denominationsand any other information shown on thismap do not imply, on the part ofThe World Bank Group, any judgment onthe legal status of any territory, or anyendorsement or acceptance of suchboundaries.
Lang ChiengBridge
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COMPONENT 2 WATER SUPPLY, DRAINAGE AND SEWER DRAINAGE UPGRADING ROADS WASTEWATER TREATMENT PLANT (WWTP) WASTEWATER DISCHARGE PUMPING STATIONS (PS) This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank.
The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other informationshown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank Group,any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsementor acceptance of such boundaries.
IBRD 38352
JULY 2011
KILOMETERS
0 4321
COMPONENT 3 ROAD BRIDGE
V I E T N A MMEDIUM CITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT
LAO CAI SUB-PROJECT
COMPONENT 1 RESETTLEMENT AREAS PUBLIC TOILETS SCHOOL SANITATION
This map was produced by the Map Design Unit of The World Bank. The boundaries, colors, denominations and any other informationshown on this map do not imply, on the part of The World Bank Group,any judgment on the legal status of any territory, or any endorsementor acceptance of such boundaries.
