Environmental Impact Assessment Report M/s. Jawahar Shetkari ...

Environmental Impact Assessment Report

M/s. Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd. Page 51

INDEX

LIST OF CHAPTERS

Chapter nos.

Particulars Page Numbers

Executive Summary - English -

Executive Summary - Marathi -

1 Introduction 1-18

2 Project Descript ion 19-50

3 Basel ine Environment 51-119

4 Anticipated Envi ronmental Impact 120-129

5 Environmental monitor ing Program 130-135

6 Addit ional Studies

(Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan) 136-157

7 Project Benefi ts 158-160

8 Environmental Management Plan 161-178

9 Summary and Conclusion 179-180

10 Disclosure of Consultant 181-183



LIST OF FIGURES

* * * * *

Figure Details Page 1.1 Location: Site map 8 1.2 Google Image 9 2.1 Location map 23 2.2 Topo map with 5, 10 & 15 km arial distance 24 2.3 Flow Diagram of Sugar & Co-Gen. power Plant Process 27 2.4 Flow Diagram of DM plant & detailed process 28 2.5 Plant Layout 36 2.6 Flow diagram of ETP 41 3.1 Google Image showing project site and 10km circle considering project 53 3.2 Wind Rose for month of Dec 62 3.3 Air Monitoring Locations Map 64 64 3.4 Noise Level Monitoring Locations Map 71 71 3.5 Groundwater sampling site map of 10 km radius area around Project 75 3.6 Surface water sampling site map of 10 km radius area around Project 76 3.7 Soil Sampling Locations Map 80 3.8 Satellite Image of 10 km radius area around Project Site. 85 3.9 Landuse/landcover map of 10 km radius area around Project Site. 87 3.10 Drainage map of 10 km radius area around Project Site. 89

.3.11. Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site. 90 3.12 Village map of 10 km radius area around Project Site. 100 100 3.13 Accessibility map of 10 km radius area around Project Site 101 3.14 Male female ratio 112 3.15 Literacy 113 3.16 Main workers categorization 115 4.1 Jawahar Sugar Factory Air Dispersion Model for So2 126 4.2 Jawahar Sugar Factory Air Dispersion Model for Particulate Matter 127 8.1 Rainwater Harvesting Structure 167 8.2 Rooftop Rain Water Recharge 168 8.3 Design of Trench cum Injection Wells 169 10.1 Activities 182



LIST OF TABLE

Table Details Page No.

1.1 List of Board of Directors 5

1.2 Locat ion Detai ls 6-7

1.3 Scope of the study As per ToR 9-15 1.4 Scope of Work 15-16

2.1 Regulatory Clearance 19

2.2 Sal ient features of s i te locat ion 24-25

2.3 Technical Informat ion of Exist ing Sugar Unit and 25-26

2.4 Technical Informat ion of Proposed Sugar Unit and 26 2.5 Water Requirement (proposed) 34

2.6 Land Use Break up of Pro ject Area 37

2.7 Raw Mater ia l Requirement 37

2.8 Character is t ics of Bagasse 38

2.9 Sugar Plant Machinery 38-39 2.10 Boiling House Machinery 39

2.11 Power Generating Unit 40

2.12 Technical Details of Boiler 44

2.13 Design of ESP 44-46

2.14 Emission of pol lutants From DG set 46-47 3.1 Summary of Sampling 51

3.2 Climatological Table w.r.t. Wind Direction, Speed and Humidity Kolhapur 58

3.3 climatologically Table w.r.t. Temperature and Rainfall Kolhapur Station 59

3.4 Rainfall Observation 60

3.5 Meteorological Data monitored at the Project Site 63

3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations 65

3.7 66-67 3.8 National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) 69-70

3.9 Details of Noise Monitoring Locations 70

3.10 Noise Monitoring Results in the Study area 70

3.11 Ambient Noise Quality Standards 73

3.12 Ground Water analysis Results 76-77 3.13 Surface Water analysis Results 78-79

3.14 Details of Soil Sampling Locations 80

3.15 Soil Analysis Results 81 81

3.16 Landuse/ Landcover Statistics of the Ten Km radius Area. 86

3.17 List of flora available in study area 91-96 3.18 List of fauna available in study area 97-98

3.19 Kolhapur Profile at a Glance 102-103

3.20 Demographic Pattern in the study area 111

3.21 Literacy rate in the study area 112

3.22 Occupational Structure in the study area 114



4.1 Emission Details (Existing & Proposed) 125 5.1 Post Project Monitoring Source 132-133

5.2 List of existing & proposed equipments for Environmental Laboratory 133-134

6.1 Hazard Intensity Classification 139

8.1 Health Evaluation schedule: Frequency of Periodical Examination of 170

8.2 Suggested Plant Species for Road Side Plantation 171 8.3 Plant Species Suggested for Green Belt Development suggested by CPCB 172-175

8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Budget 175-176

10.1 General information (A) 181

10.2 EIA team members (A) 183



CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar Karakhana Ltd. Hupari-Yelgud

(JSSSK) has proposed to expand the sugar production capaci ty of sugar

plant f rom 7500 TCD to 12000 TCD. The Karakhana is running at i ts

design capaci ty of 7500 TCD and has been running successful ly. The

Karakhana has attached Co-generation unit wi th an instal led capacity of

28.5 MW. The Director body of have widespread experience of sett ing up

& managing large scale industr ies.

There are a number of sugar & co-generation plants in Maharashtra state.

However, here i t is the well establ ished & top management to expand the

exist ing sugar uni t taking envi ronment chal lenges seriously. There is

found proper disposals of waste as for sol id wastes i .e. ash used for

manufactur ing br ick & land f i l l ing or to sel l share holder whi le eff luent wi l l

t reated in ETP.

The factory wi l l cont inue with i ts efforts in making the proposed plant as

a model operat ional uni t by providing it with the state of the art hardware

and continuing with consistent phi losophy of Clean, Green and Eff ic ient

operating systems.

1.2 Purpose of the report

The purpose of the preparat ion of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA)

report is not only to obtain Environment Clearance f rom Department of

Environment, Govt. of Maharashtra, but also to understand the l ikely

impacts and to take Environment Protect ion measures during and af ter

commissioning of the project.

The EIA/EMP Report is prepared on the basis of the avai lable secondary

data/ l i terature along with the on-si te data generated during 3 months

study period (Oct 2014 – Dec 2014).



The purpose of this Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) study is to

provide information on the surroundings and the extent of environmental

impact l ikely to ar ise on account of production of electr ici ty. Another

purpose of the study is to def ine an Environmental Management Plan

(EMP) to minimize and mitigate the l ikely adverse environmental impacts

on the surroundings.

Keeping in view the nature of act iv it ies, the process of sugar plant

var ious environmental guidelines, the area covering a radial distance of

10 km from the centre of the plant site was selected as study area for the

purpose of EIA study. The purpose of this EIA is to establish the

environmental sensit ivi t ies, impact and mit igat ion measures with respect

to the JSSSK proposed to expansion of sugar plant. These wi l l effect ively

and adequately enable the fol lowings:

Assessment of the state of the environment and establishment of

environmental issues and factors associated with the Jawahar Shetkari

Sahakari Sakhar Karakhana Ltd. Hupari - Yelgud (JSSSK) proposed to

expansion of sugar Project. Assessment and predict ion of al l possible

and potent ial impacts of the project on components of the environment in

terms of magnitude and importance Evaluation of alternatives and

ident if icat ion of the best options that is both cost effect ive and with least

potentia l envi ronmental impact . Incorporation of EIA recommendations

into the expansion of sugar project detai led design as well as other

stages of the project.

The JSSSKL has proposed to expand sugar plant f rom 7500 TCD to

12000 TCD. The addit ional raw mater ials required is 1, 50,000 MT/M of

sugarcane which is avai lable in i ts command area.



1.3 Identification of project & project proponent

JSSSK have proposed to expansion of sugar project, for expansion of

changing in production capaci ty of sugar plant f rom 7500 TCD to 12000

TCD. Regd. No. of factory: L/8/30/54, dated-28/09/1990.

The sugar complex situated in remote place of Maharashtra (TQ)

Hatkanangaler (Dist. Kolhapur) The unit has made signi f icant impact for

the development of the surrounding area of around ten ki lometres. The

socio-economic condi t ion of the entire area is improved tremendously due

to establ ishment of this unit . The industry provides direct employment to

around 1380 people and indirect employment to around f i fty thousand

people due to mainly the agricul ture act ivi t ies and ancil lary industr ies

related to sugar sector. The majority benef iciar ies are farmers.

Transport is the main nerve of any sugar factory. Transportat ion of cane

within minimum possible t ime from farm to factory helps to achieve

highest possible recovery. Present ly, the karkhana has 45 Trucks, 403

Trai lers, Small tractors 132 and 714 Bul lock carts for sugarcane

transportat ion. Harvest ing gangs are available in most of the vi l lages.

Further the karkhana do not foresee any t ransportat ion bottenecks for the

expanded capacity. Every vi l lage in the area of operations is connected to

karkhana by good roads & internal panand roads for easy and smooth

transport of sugarcane. The construct ion-erect ion t ime wi l l be smal l and

wil l be done in day t ime. The impact during construct ion phase is mostly

temporary and localized. The impact wil l not be felt at the end of the

construct ion phase. The exist ing unit of 7500 TCD capaci ty of sugar plant

is constructed on the plain barren land. There are no terrestrial f lora and

fauna on the site. There is no loss of f lora and fauna in same region.

There is not required of new construct ion act iv it ies for expanding plant.

Production of sugar from sugar unites generates waste products as

bagasses, press mud and molasses which creates pol lut ion load on

environment. The molasses has a tendency of auto combustion. The

bagasse can become wind borne causing SPM. However i t is possible to

put by products of sugar mil l to useful purpose by producing power



generation, i .e. electrici ty, Bagasse is used as raw material. Press Mud

is used as manure.

The Sugar industry is an agro based industry. In sugar manufacturing process various

stages are occurred during process. Firstly sugar cane is brought to factory site by

trucks, tractors & bullock carts. After the weighment of cane it is unloaded by cane

unloader on feeder table & dump in to cane carrier. Preparation of cane is done in to fine

pieces by cane kicker, leveler & fiberizer. Prepared cane is passed through mill tandem,

from which juice is extracted up to 95 % with addition of water 25% on cane, residue of

prepared cane is called bagasse used as a fuel for boiler.

Extracted juice from mill tandem is called raw juice send for further process. Weighment

of raw juice is done by on line mass flow meter, weighed juice is heated up to 70 0C to

75 0C.after heating juice is treated with milk of lime ca(oH)2 & So2 gas to remove the non

sugars & coloring matter. This Sulphur juice is further heated of to 100 0C to 105 0C &

Sulphur juice transfer to clarifier for settling of impurities like suspended & colloidal.

From clarifier clear juice & muddy juice are get separated, muddy juice send to vacuum

filter in which further juice recovered mud.

Obtained clear juice from clarifier having brix 15 0 to 17 0 which rise up to 60 0 brix in to

evaporator set, this concentrated juice is called syrup. Obtained syrup is bleached by

So2 gas is called sulphured syrup, this transferred to pan floor.

On pan section three massecuite boiling system is followed A- massecuite, B-

massecuite & C- massecuite. In the pan sul- syrup is boiled and a mixture of crystals

and mother liquor called as massecuite prepared. This massecuite is stored in

Crystallizer. Then it send to centrifugal section through pug mill. At centrifugal section

sugar crystals and molasses are separated. Final molasses send to steel tank for

storage and other molasses is re-used in process. Sugar crystal are in wet condition

dried on hopper with Hot & Cold air blowers. Dried sugar crystals separated grade wise

from sugar grader & graded sugar filled in ‘A’ Twill Gunny bags & then weighed, labled

and stitched and then send to sugar godown for storage.

The proposed Sugar and Co-generat ion project wi l l real ly help integrat ion

of Karkhana’s operations and wi l l enable inst i l long term viabil i ty and



prof itabi l i ty. As the proposed Co-gen Project at Kal lappaanna

Awadenagar, Hupari Yalgud wil l use in-house bagasse for majori ty of the

operating period, the CO2 emissions for equivalent power generat ion f rom

fossi l fuels wi l l get reduced. The equipment proposed in the project wil l

also reduce overal l emissions in the surrounding area.

Project Proponent

Table No.-1.1: List of Board of Directors.

Sr .

No. Name of Director Designation

1 Hon’ble Shri . Kal lappa Baburao Awade, Ex. MP Founder Chairman

2 Hon’b le Shr i . Prakash Kal lappa Awade Chairman

3 Hon’b le Shr i. Babaso Par isa Chougule Vice-Chairman

4 Hon’b le Shr i . Annasaheb Gopala Gotkh inde Director

5 Hon’b le Shr i . Jawahar J ingonda Pat i l Director

6 Hon’b le Shr i . Babaso Adagonda Nora je Director

7 Hon’b le Shr i . Adagonda Badgonda Pat i l Director

8 Hon’b le Shr i . Nemgonda Devgonda Pat i l Director

9 Hon’b le Dr. Shr i .Surgonda Anna Pat i l Director

10 Hon’b le Shr i . Ashok T ippanna Nare Director

11 Hon’b le Shr i . Dhanpal Dadu Alase Director

12 Hon’b le Shr i . Sukumar J innappa K ininge Director

13 Hon’b le Shr i . Basgonda Shivgonda Pat i l (Kuge) Director

14 Hon’b le Shr i . Abhaykumar Bhalchandra Kashmire Director

15 Hon’b le Sou. Kamal Shekhar PAt i l Director

16 Hon’b le Sou. Vandana Vi jay Kumbhoje Director

17 Hon’b le Shr i . Bhagwan Janoba Kambale Director

18 Hon’b le Shr i.Via ls Ganpat i Gatade Director



19 Hon’b le Shr i .Pundl ik Mahadev Waingade Director

20 Hon’b le Shr i . Manohar Gopal Josh i Managing Director

The core expert ise of JSSSK is strong R&D capabil i t ies, state-of-the-art

equipment and comprehensive ful l scale faci l i t ies. Al l of which are

employed in developing products that adhere to the most stringent global

standards of qual i ty.

1.4 Project importance to the country/Region

India is the second largest producer of sugar over the globe. W ith more

than 45 mil l ions of sugar cane growers in the country, the bulk of the

rural populat ion in India depends on this industry. One of the agro-based

industries in India, the sugar industry is the second largest agricul tural

industry fol lowed after the text i le industry.

Maharashtra Sugar Industry is one of the most notable and large-scale

sugar manufactur ing sectors in the country. There are few major reasons

for the expansion of the sugar factory and increasing avai labi l i ty of cane

and pressing demand of the local share holder farmers to crush al l the

cane they grow is the foremost reason.

The command area of the JSSSK comprises 7 Taluka’s which includes

220 vi l lages, situated on the bank of river Doodhganga, Panchaganga

and Krishna and these r iver are the main sources of i rr igat ion, remaining

area is i rr igate by wel l ir r igat ion.. Hence the availabi l i ty of water is ample

in the area; and thus the area under cult ivat ion of sugar cane is going on

increasing every year.

Nature, size and location of the project

The proposed locat ion for expansion is in at/ Post KAllappana

Awadenagar, Hupari Tal - Hatkanangale, Dist. Kolhapur, Maharashtra

state. The convenient nearest Railway Stat ion is Kolhapur and 25 Kms

away f rom Kolhapur Airport. The whole sugar factory unit is situated at



site of 99.57 Hectors. The site is in premises of exist ing sugar factory

and, so that there are less transportat ion spi l lages, less accidental r isk,

less pol lut ion, less consumption of fuel and less loss of sugar the

coordinates of the project si te are as fol lows.

Table No.-1.2: Location Details

1.

Project site

Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar

Karkhana Ltd., Kallappaanna

Awadenagar, Hupari Yalgud, Tal.

Hatkanangale, Dist. Kolhapur.

2. Lati tude & longi tude Lati tude: 16

Longitude: 74 ’ 19.86’’ E

3 Factory Registrat ion no. Regd. No. of factory

L/8/30/54, dated-28/09/1990

4 Nearest Railway stat ion &

distance in K.M

Kolhapur at 28 K.M.

5 Nearest City/Market Place in

K.M.

Hupari at 2 K.M.

6 Nearest Air port & distance in

K.M.

Kolhapur at 25 K.M.

7 Nearest post & distance in K.M. Hupari at 2 K.M.

8 Nearest Highway & distance in

K.M

N.H.-4 at 10 K.M.

9

Nearest River/Canals & distance

thereof in K.M.

Doodhganga River at 6 kms

The proposed factory land is away f rom agricul tural land. This is f lat land

whereby cutt ing-f i l l ing wi l l be balances and there wil l No/Low borrowing

f rom nature. This is al lot ted by Government of Maharashtra for Industr ia l

Use. There is no tropical forest, biosphere reserve, national park, wi ld l ife

sanctuary.



This site is located on connect ing road f rom Hupari to Yalgud road and

has good approachabi l i ty. This site in the campus of the exist ing Sugar

factory means safe handling of molasses, less need of Uti l i t ies, less

construct ing bui ldings and roads, less fuel and less water.

There is no sensi t ive establ ishment in the vicinity such as hospital,

archaeological monuments etc. The normal wind direct ion is found to be

favourable at this site. Al l vi l lages grow sugarcane and these vi l lages

have road network connected. Skil led & unski l led workers requirement for

the operat ional act ivi t ies wi l l be avai lable f rom surrounding area as well

as di fferent area.

Figure No.-1.1: Location: Site map



Figure No.-1.2: Google Image:

1.6 Scope of the study (As per Terms of Reference)

The State level Expert Appraisal Committee (SEAC) prescribed the

fol lowing TORs for undertaking detai led EIA study:

Table No. 1.3: Scope of the study As per TOR

1 Executive summary of the project – giving a prima facie idea of the objectives of the proposal, use of resources, justification, etc. In addition, it should provide a compilation of EIA report including EMP

Project description: 2 Justification for selecting the proposed unit size. 3 Land requirement for the project including its break up for various purposes, its



availability and optimization. 4 Details of proposed layout clearly demarcating various units of the plant. 5 Complete process flow diagram describing each unit, its processes and

operations, along with material and energy inputs & outputs (material and energy balance)..

6 Details on requirement of raw materials, its source and storage at the plant 7 Fuel analysis report (sulphur, ash content and mercury) including details of

auxiliary fuel, if any. Details like quantity, quality, storage etc., 8 Quantity of fuel required its source and transportation, a confirmed fuel linkage/

copy of the MoU. 9 Source of water and its availability. Proof regarding availability of requisite

quantity of water from the 10 Details on water balance including quantity of effluent generated, recycled &

reused. Efforts to minimize effluent discharge and to maintain quality of receiving water body.

11 Details of effluent treatment plant, inlet and treated water quality with specific efficiency of each treatment unit in reduction in respect of all concerned/regulated environmental parameters.

12 Location of intake and outfall points (with coordinates) based on modeling studies. Details of modeling and the results obtained. It may be kept in view that the intake and outfall points are away from the mangroves.

13 Examine the feasibility of zero discharge. In case of any proposed discharge, its quantity, quality and point of discharge, users downstream, etc.

14 Explore the possibility of cooling towers installation. Details regarding the same. 15 Details regarding fly ash utilization as per new notification 16 Detailed plan of ash utilization / management. 17 Details of evacuation of ash. 18 Details regarding ash pond impermeability and whether it would be lined, if so

details of the lining etc. 19 Details of desalination plant and disposal of sludge. 20 Details of proposed source-specific pollution control schemes and equipments to

meet the national standards. 21 Details of the proposed methods of water conservation and recharging. 22 Management plan for solid/hazardous waste generation, storage, utilization and

disposal. 23 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel storage,

restroom, etc. to the workers during construction and operation phase. 24 In case of expansion of existing industries, remediation measures adopted to

restore the environmental quality if the groundwater, soil, crop, air, etc., are affected and a detailed compliance to the prior environmental clearance/consent conditions.

25 Any litigation pending against the project and /or any direction /order passed by any Court of Law

Description of the Environment: 26 The study area shall be up to a distance of 10 km from the boundary of project

area for air quality considerations in view of impacts occurring at distant locations once emitted from a tall stack particularly in view of absence of source control for SO2 in tail gases whereas for impacts on other components (such as water, soil



quality and noise monitoring, etc.) the study area may be up to a distance of 5 Km.

27 Location of the project site and nearest habitats with distances from the project site to be demarcated on a toposheet (1: 50000 scale).

28 Landuse based on satellite imagery including location specific sensitivities such as national parks /wildlife sanctuary, villages, industries, etc. for the study area.

29 Demography details of all the villages falling within the study area. 30 Topography details of the project area. 31 The baseline data to be collected from the study area w.r.t. different components

of environment viz.air, noise, water, land, and biology and socio-economic. 32 Geological features and geo-hydrological status of the study area. 33 Surface water quality of nearby water sources and other surface drains. 34 Details on ground water quality. 35 N (total)*, Mineral oils*, Free chlorine*, NH3*, Fish*, toxicity*, Sb*, PAH Metals*

(Co, Mn, Tl, V, Sn, Cd, Cr, Ni, Cu, Hg, Pb, Zn, etc.) CN*, S*, SO3*, SO4*, EOX*, Phenol*, PCDD/PCDF*, P (total) TSS*, Cl-*, FAs* , BTEX*, etc. (* - as applicable)

36 Details on existing ambient air quality and expected, stack and fugitive emissions for PM10, PM 2.5, SO2*, NOx*, O3*, VOCs*, Hg*, suspended particulates* etc., and evaluation of the adequacy of the proposed pollution control devices to meet standards for point sources and to meet AAQ standards. (*- As applicable)

37 The air quality contours may be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any and wind roses.

38 Details on noise levels at sensitive/commercial receptors. 39 Site-specific micro-meteorological data including mixing height. 40 One season site-specific data excluding monsoon season. 41 Proposed baseline monitoring network for the consideration and approval of the

Competent Authority. 42 Ecological status (terrestrial and aquatic) of the study area such as habitat type

and quality, species, diversity, rarity, fragmentation, ecological linkage, age, abundance, etc.

43 If any incompatible land use attributes fall within the study area, proponent shall describe the sensitivity (distance, area and significance) and propose the additional points based on significance for review and acceptance by the EAC/SEAC. Incompatible land use attributes include: a

Public water supply areas from rivers/surface water bodies, from ground water

b Scenic areas/tourism areas/hill resorts

c

Religious places, pilgrim centers that attract over 10 lakh pilgrims a Year

d

Protected tribal settlements (notified tribal areas where industrial activity is not permitted)

e Monuments of national significance, World Heritage Sites f Cyclone, Tsunami prone areas (based on last 25 years) g Airport areas h

Any other feature as specified by the State or local government and other features as locally applicable, including prime agricultural lands, pastures, migratory corridors, etc



44 If ecologically sensitive attributes fall within the study area, proponent shall describe the sensitivity (distance, area and significance) and propose the additional points based on significance for review and Acceptance by the SEAC. Ecological sensitive attributes include: a National parks b Wild life sanctuaries Game reserve

c Tiger reserve/elephant reserve/turtle nesting ground d Mangrove area e Wetlands f Reserved and protected forests, etc. g Any other closed/protected area under the Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972,

any other area locally applicable 45 If the location falls in Valley, specific issues connected to the natural resources

management shall be studied and presented.

46 If the location falls in CRZ area: A CRZ map duly authenticated by one of the authorized agencies demarcating LTL, HTL, CRZ area, location of the project and associate facilities w.r.t. CRZ, coastal a

Provide the CRZ map in 1:10000 scale in general cases and in 1:5000 Scale for specific observations.

b

Proposed site for disposal of dredged material and environmental quality at the point of disposal/impact areas.

c

Fisheries study should be done w.r.t. Benthos and Marine organic material And coastal fisheries.

Anticipated environmental impacts and Mitigation Measures: 47 Anticipated generic environmental impacts due to this project, which may be

evaluated for significance and based on corresponding likely impacts VECs may be identified. Baseline studies may be conducted for all the concerned VECs and likely impacts will have to be assessed for their magnitude in order to identify mitigation measures.

48 Tools used for the assessment of environmental impacts. 49 Impact on drainage of the area and the surroundings. 50 Impact of the project on the AAQ of the area. Details of the model used and the

input data used for modeling should also be provided. The air quality contours may be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. The wind roses should also be shown on this map.

51 Impact of the project on local infrastructure of the study area such as road network, etc. In case if the study area requires any additional infrastructure, details of the agency responsible for the same should be included along with the time frame. Details of the permission from Competent Authority for conveyor belt crossing the village road.

52 Impact of the activities to be taken up in the CRZ area including jetty and desalination plant etc.,should be integrated into the EIA report; however, action should be taken to obtain separate clearance from the competent authority as may be applicable to such activities.

53 Details of rainwater harvesting and its proposed usage in the plant.



54 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom, etc., to be provided to the workers during construction as well as to the casual workers including truck drivers during the operational phase.

55 Details of flora and fauna. Conservation plan in case of any scheduled fauna. 56 Proposed measures for occupational safety and health of the workers. 57 Oil spill control planning. 58 Off-shore coastal air dispersion models shall be applied. 59 Capital quantity of dredging material, disposal and its impact on aquatic life. 60 Fisheries study should be done with respect to Benthos and Marine organic

material and coastal fisheries. 61 Proposed odour control measures. 62 Action plan for the greenbelt development – species, width of plantations,

planning schedule etc. in accordance to CPCB published guidelines. 63 In case of likely impact from the proposed project on the surrounding reserve

forests, Plan for the conservation of wild fauna in consultation with the State Forest Department.

64 Identifying the mitigation measures, source control and treatment. Analysis of alternative resources and technologies 65 Comparison of alternate sites considered and the reasons for selecting the

proposed site. Conformity of the site with the prescribed guidelines in terms of Coastal Regulatory Zone (CRZ), river, highways, railways etc.

66 Details of alternative sources of energy such as photovoltaic cells use in the plant for various applications.

67 Details on improved technologies. Environmental monitoring program : 68 Monitoring of pollution control at source 69 Monitoring of pollutants at receiving environment for all the appropriate notified

parameters – air quality, groundwater, surface water, etc., during operational phase of the project.

70 Specific programme to monitor occupational safety and health protection of workers.

71 Appropriate monitoring network has to be designed and proposed, to assess the possible residual impacts on VECs.

72 Details of in-house monitoring capabilities and the recognized agencies if proposed for conducting monitoring.

Additional studies : 73 Details on risk assessment and damage control during different phases of the

project and proposed safeguard measures. 74 Details on socio-economic development activities such as commercial property

values, generation of jobs, education, social conflicts, cultural status, accidents, etc.

75 Proposed plan to handle the socio-economic influence on the local community. The plan should include quantitative dimension as far as possible.

76 Details on compensation package for the people affected by the project, considering the socioeconomic status of the area, homestead oustees, land oustees, and landless labourers.

77 Points identified in the public hearing and commitment of the project proponent to



the same. Detailed action plan addressing the issues raised, and the details of necessary allocation of funds.

Environmental management plan: 78 Administrative and technical organizational structure to ensure proposed post-

project monitoring programme for approved mitigation measures. 79 EMP devised to mitigate the adverse impacts of the project should be provided

along with item-wise cost of its implementation (Capital and recurring costs). 80 Allocation of resources and responsibilities for plan implementation. 81 Details of the emergency preparedness plan and on-site and off-site disaster

management plan.

Above points shall be adequately addressed in the EIA report in addition to the

contents given in the reporting structure as below:

Sr. EIA Structure Contents 1 Introduction a. Purpose of the report

b. Identification of project & project proponent c. Brief description of nature, size, location of the project and its importance to the country, region d. Scope of the study – details of regulatory scoping carried out (As per Terms of Reference)

2 Project Description Condensed description of those aspects of the project (based on project feasibility study), likely to cause environmental effects. Details should be provided to give clear picture of the following: a. Type of project b. Need for the project c. Location (maps showing general location, specific location, project boundary & project site layout) d. Size or magnitude of operation (incl. Associated activities required by or for the project) e. Proposed schedule for approval and implementation f. Technology and process description g. Project description including drawings showing, project layout components of project etc. Schematic representations of the feasibility drawings which give information important for EIA purpose h. Description of mitigation measures incorporated into the project to meet environmental standards, environmental operating conditions, or other EIA requirements (as required by the scope) i. Assessment of new & untested technology for the risk of technological failure

3 Description of the Environment

a. Study area, period, components & methodology b. Establishment of baseline for VECs, as identified in the scope



c. Base maps of all environmental components 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation Measures

a. Details of Investigated Environmental impacts due to project location, possible accidents, project design, project construction, regular operations, final decommissioning or rehabilitation of a completed

b. Measures for minimizing and / or offsetting adverse impacts identified

c. Irreversible and irretrievable commitments of environmental components

d. Assessment of significance of impacts (Criteria for determining significance, Assigning significance)

e. Mitigation measures 5 Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site)

a. In case, the scoping exercise results in need for alternatives:

b. Description of each alternative c. Summary of adverse impacts of each alternative d. Mitigation measures proposed for each alternative

and selection of alternative 6 Environmental Monitoring Program

Technical aspects of monitoring the effectiveness of mitigation measures (incl. measurement methodologies, frequency, location, data analysis, reporting schedules, emergency procedures, detailed budget & procurement schedules)

7 Additional Studies

a. Public consultation b. Risk assessment c. Social impact assessment

8 Project Benefits a. Improvements in physical infrastructure b. Improvements in social infrastructure c. Employment potential –skilled; semi-skilled and unskilled d. Other tangible benefits

9 EMP Description of the administrative aspects that ensures proper implementation of mitigation measures and their effectiveness monitored, after approval of the EIA.

10 Summary & Conclusion (This will constitute the summary of the EIA Report)

a. Overall justification for implementation of the project. b. Explanation of how, adverse effects have been

mitigated

11 Disclosure of Consultants engaged

Names of the Consultants engaged with their brief resume and nature of Consultancy rendered.

The EIA study includes determination of baseline conditions, assessment of the

Impacts on the environment due to the construction and operation of the proposed

project and making recommendations on the preventive measures to be taken, to



minimize the impact on the environment to acceptable levels. A suitable post-study

monitoring program will be outlined. Preparation of Environment Management Plan

will be given based on the emissions and feasibility report. The scope of work is

prepared based on above mentioned ToR given by MoEF and guidelines given as

per below given scope of work.

Table No: 1.4 Scope of Work

Environmental

Attributes

No of

Locations

Observations

Meteorology 1 Hourly observations for Temperature, Relative Humidity,

Wind direction, wind speed & Rain fall during 3 month

study period

AAQ 6 For PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NO2,Total Hydro carbon for 24

hours duration, 2 times in each week during 12-week

study period

Water 11 6 Surface water Locations

5 Ground water locations (including the place near to

the plant site), Parameters that are analyzed are as per

Analysis of Drinking Water Quality had been carried out

Noise 6 Day and night noise levels once in every location

Ecology Flora- Fauna &

Ecosystem

Total study period is 90 days. However predicted flora –

fauna also included for non-seasonal plant species

(ephemerals) based on existing secondary data and

field conditions

Land use 10 km Radius

of

study area

Land use data based on satellite imagery of 10 km

radius study area.



Socio-economic

data

Demography

& Occupational

Details

Secondary data from the existing literature (Census

2001)

The Generic structure of EIA is given in EIA notification dated 14th September, 2006 is

maintained. The EIA plan and procedure are summarized in below given chart:



The baseline data generated were analyzed and compared with applicable standards for

each environmental attribute so that the critical environmental areas and also attributes

of concern were identified. The short-term and long-term impacts particularly on

sensitive targets such as endangered species, crops and historically important

monuments were identified.

Economic and social factors are recognized and assessed while siting an industry.

Environmental factors must be taken into consideration in industrial siting. Proximity of

water sources, highway, major settlements, markets for products and raw material

resources were desired for economy of production. Industries are, therefore, required to

be sited, striking a balance between economic and environmental considerations.

* * * * *



Chapter 2

Project Description

2.1 Introduction

Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar Karakhana Ltd. Hupari - Yelgud

(JSSSKL) has proposed to expansion of sugar plant from 7500 TCD

to 12000 TCD. Regd. No. of factory: L/8/30/54, dated- 28/09/1990.

The site is wel l connected by Road, so that both the raw materials

and f inished goods can be conventionally handled. Total land

available with sugar factory is about 99.57ha. Bagasse is avai lable

from the sugar plant wil l be ut i l ized as inputs in the proposed

project. Land required for the project is avai lable in the existing

industry. Procurement of addit ional land for the project is not

needed. Water requirement wi l l be managed wi thin the avai lable

l imits.

The project developments of the JSSSKL are l isted below:

Table.2.1: Regulatory Clearance

Regulatory Clearances Competent Authority Status

A) Sugar Factory Environmental Clearance Environment Department,

Govt. of Maharashtra Appl ied

Consent to Establish Maharashtra pol lut ion Control Board (MPCB)

Obtained

IEM l icense for sugar Ministry of Commerce & Industr ies

Obtained

2.2 Type of project

JSSSKL proposes to expand their cane crushing capacity from

75000 TCD to 12000 TCD of sugar unit at Kal lappanna Awadenagar,

Tal-Hatkanangale, Dist-Kolhapur of Maharashtra. The raw material

of sugar cane is available in the vicinity of the project si te and the



bagasse wi l l be used as fuel for cogeneration power plant. The

project involves:

a. Sugar Unit

Ø Modernization of Sugar unit to 12000 TCD by capaci ty addit ion

4500 TCD in existing 7500 TCD sugar mi ll

Ø Double Sulphitation process with 4 massecuite boi l ing scheme

shall be adopted for production of white sugar.

Ø Number of days of operation of sugar factory is 150 days.

Ø Capacity uti l ization of sugar factory considered for f irst year

90% and second year onwards 100%.

Ø 100% of total sugar produced as free sale

Ø Recovery of sugar considered for sugar production is Average

12.5% and recovery of molasses at 3.88% which is sold in

open market.

Ø Existing total boiler capacity 165 MT/Hr (90 TPH with pressure

45 kg/cm2, 55 TPH with pressure 45 kg/cm2 and 20 TPH with

pressure 20 kg/cm2)

Ø During expansion of sugar plant the boiler capacity wil l be

expanded to steam generating capacity of 55 TPH boi ler to 75

TPH with pressure 45 kg/cm2 and 485°C temperature.

Ø Existing D.G.Set 515 KVA and 1320 KVA

Ø The boi ler wi l l be f ired with agro waste bio-mass fuel such as

Bagasse and cane trash.

Ø Existing boilers are provided with Wet Scrubber as air

pollution control equipment system and attached to two stacks

of height 72 mtr and 75 mtr.

Ø Surplus power avai lable from the industry wil l be exported to

public grid.

2.3 Need for the project



Sugar has been historically classif ied as an essential commodity

and has been regulated across the value chain. The heavy

regulations in the sector art i f icial ly impact the demand-supply forces

result ing in market imbalance. The increase in sugar consumption is

mainly a function of four demand determining variables: -

Population, income, consumption habit and the growth of the

industrial & service sector, mainly hotels & restaurants as wel l as

the food and beverage industries. The State of Maharashtra is

poised for rapid industrial development and large-scale use of

electric ity for industrial purposes, for which the demand for

electrical power is continuously increasing. The present demand for

electrical power is greatly in excess of the generating capacity. The

power generation scenario in the state reveals that the demand for

power would cont inue to out-strip the available and planned

generation capacity

In order to reduce power deficiency in Maharashtra JSSSKL trying to

contribute by existing 28.5 MW Bagasse based Co-gen Power plant.

The area under sugarcane command area is about 20,000ha (220

vi l lages) nearest to karkhana. The excess sugarcane is being

remained uncrushed & hence JSSSKL management has decided to

increase the crushing rate to take care of the addit ional sugarcane

cult ivated in the area of operation. JSSSKL management has

acknowledged the ineff ic ient operat ion due old machineries & wear

–tear hence there is need to be modernized. The present operating

capacity is 7500 TCD. The proposed instal led capacity of the plant

wi l l be increased to 12000 TCD. Thus, the incremental instal led

capacity wil l be 4500 TCD. The sugar mil l complex also has in-

house 28.5 MW capacity co-gen power plant which was

commissioned step by step from the beginning t i l l today.



Due to continuous water availabil i ty and irrigation faci l i t ies, the

sugar cane area under cult ivation has increased substantial ly in

Kolhapur District than required for the exist ing sugar factory

crushing capacity. The site is central ly located in the area of

operation and is in heart of sugarcane area. The si te of JSSSKL,

possess the fol lowing advantages:

· The project site is well connected to the vi l lage roads for

supply of raw material sugar cane.

· The adequate ski l led, semi-ski l led and unski l led labour force

is available in the vicini ty of project area.

· Al l the infrastructure faci l i t ies l ike power, road, communication

faci l i t ies, banks are available in the vicinity of the project

area.

Fossi l energy resources consist primari ly of natural gas and furnace

oi l . Domestic oi l supply is considered negl igible and natural gas

resources are becoming scarce in India. Moreover, domestic coal is

very high in sulphur and ash content, which wil l lead to severe

environmental hazards. The project’s proposal for using bagasse is

the best option for environmental and economic reasons. In the

absence of any cheaper fuel , bagasse uti l ization is of prime

importance.

The integrated sugar industry with sugar and alcohol as main

products along with exportable power and bio-manure as co-

products has proved to be an economical proposal. The Government

of Maharashtra envisaged the pol icy to encourage integrated sugar

industries consisting of sugar, co-gen power and molasses based

alcohol in the state with various incent ives including power purchase

agreement. Bagasse, press mud and molasses are the by- products

of the sugar industry. Once thought to be unwanted waste products,



these by-products are now advantageously uti l ized as a valuable

resource for prof itable appl ications.

Bagasse is used as fuel in the associated co-gen power plant. It is

f ired in the boiler for production of high-pressure steam. The steam

in turn is used in generation of captive electric power. The surplus

power from the co-gen plant after meeting its captive needs in the

industry wil l be exported to public power distribution system. The

co-gen power helps to overcome power shortage in the state. The

bagasse is obtained from renewable source and is a substi tute to

fossi l fuels such as coal or petroleum. Since sugar mil ls are located

decentral ized manner, the co-gen power plants become

decentral ized bio-mass based power station.

2.4 Location of the Project

This project of enhancement from 7500 TCD to 12000 TCD capacity

Sugar Plant is located at Kallappanna Awadenagar, Hupari

Hatkanangale Taluka, Kolhapur District, Maharashtra state. The si te

is nearly a plain land with gentle slope towards North and East. The

region is moderately undulated. The region in the vicini ty is rain fed

and poorly cul t ivated. Small patches of agriculture land rain fed

crops such as jawar, maize and ground nut are seen in the region.

Few patches of agricul tural lands cul tivating sugar cane through l if t

irrigation also exist in the region. The site and the surrounding

region are devoid bushes and shrubs. Greenery is observed only on

the banks of the river and streams. There are no eco-sensit ive

locations such as national park, bio-sphere reserve in the vicinity of

the proposed project site.



Fig. 2.1 Location site map

Fig. 2.2 Topo map with5 & 10 km arial distance



The climate of the Kolhapur plain is temperate with hot summer and cold

winter with moderate rain fal l . The surrounding area of the project

si te is rural agrarian. Annual rainfal l is moderate with an average of

about 1100 mm. River doodhganga the perennial r iver is located at

about 6 km to the site. Rain water streams are present in the region

and they carry water only during rainy days. The sal ient features of

project si te are given in table no. 2.2.

Table- 2.2 Salient features of site location

1 Project site Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar

Karkhana Ltd., Kallappaanna

Awadenagar, Hupari Yalgud, Tal.

Hatkanangale, Dist. Kolhapur.

2 Latitude & longitude Latitude: 16



Longitude: 74

3 Nearest town/city The Kolhapur city is 28 Kms, from the

factory site.

4 Nearest Highway The site is 10 Km away from NH-4 highway

5 Nearest Railway Junction Kolhapur Railway Station: 28 Kms.

6 Nearest Airport Kolhapur Airport is 25 Kms from the factory

site.

7 Topography · The factory site has leveled area.

· The elevation of about 569 meter above

the sea level.

· It is found on the Survey of India Topo

sheet No. 47 L/2

· Climate : temperate

8 Surroundings The site is 6 km from doodhganga river

The selection of site location for the industry depends mainly on the availability of

resources such as raw materials, fuel, power, water, manpower, connectivity for

transportation of man and material, market for the product and more important is

environmental compatibility and sustainability.

2.5 Technical Details

The technical features of 12000 TCD Sugar Unit is provided in shown in Table

2.3 & 2.4.

Table: 2.3 Technical Information of Existing Sugar Unit

Parameter Description

Cane crushing Capacity 7500 TCD Sugar Unit and 28.5 MW Cogeneration Plant



Raw Materials Requirement a. Sugar Plant:-Sugar Cane: 2,25,000 MT / M

b. Lime:- 377 MT / Month

c. Sulphar : 96 MT / Month

d.Caustic soda: 5 MT/Month

e. O P acid : 0.5 MT/Month

f. Lubricants: 20 MT/Month

Water source and

Requirement

Water will be sourced from Doodhganga River. The

intake point of water is at a distance of 6 km from the

project site.

Boiler Capacity Three boilers of 90 TPH, 55 TPH and 20 TPH with

pressure 45 kg/cm2, 45 kg/cm2 and 21 kg/cm2

respectively having total steam generation capacity of

165 MT/Hr.

Power Generation The JSSSKL has existing 28.5 MW power generation.

Table: 2.4 Technical Information of Proposed expansion of Sugar Unit

Parameter Description

Cane Crushing Capacity Expansion of 4500 TCD Sugar Unit i.e Total crushing

capacity will be 12000 TCD.

Raw Materials Requirement a. Sugar Plant:-Sugar Cane: 1,35,000 MT / M

b. Lime:- 216 MT / Month

c. Sulphur : 42.36 MT / Month

d. Caustic soda: 1.0 MT/Month

e. O P acid : 0.400 MT/Month

f. Lubricants: 7.950 MT/Month

Water source and

Requirement

Water will be sourced from Doodhganga River. The

intake point of water is at a distance of 6 km from the

project site.

Boiler Capacity Only 55 TPH boiler will be expanded to 75 TPH with



pressure 45 kg/cm2. Other boilers will remain of same

capacity. Thus the boiler would have steam generation

capacity of 185 MT/Hr with high pressure.

Figure 2.3 Flow Diagram of Sugar Process





Figure 2.4 Flow Diagram of DM plant & detailed process

2.5 DM Plant details -

This system used as remove the minerals in Raw water, which is produced

Totally Deminerlised water. This water is used for Boiler steam generation.

Which improve the steam quality & increase the Boiler efficiency.

Procedure :-

· River raw water havingPH-7.5to7.9,TotalHardness-40ppm, TDS-125

ppm,Silica-15 ppm,Turbidity -10 NTU,

· This river water is feed to HRSCC Clarifier .product water of HRSCC is

feed to Clarifier Storage tank by overflow action Alum, Polyelectrolyte



solution & Sodium Hypochlorde Chemical dosing taken to HRSCC

Clarifier.HRSCC Clarifier remove Turbidity < 5 NTU.

· As per required DM water is taken form Clarifier storage tank & feed to

MGF (Multi Grade Sand Filter). MGF remove turbidity up to 2 NTU. Back

wash taken from MGF is per 8 Hrs.

· MGF outlet Feed to ACF (Activated Carbon Filter ).ACF remove the

Turbidity up to 1 NTU & also Odor of water

· ACF outlet Feed to the SAC (Strong Acid Cation).In SAC body which

remove the temporary Hardness .When they discharged they charged

counter current action by using 30 % Conc. HCL.

· SAC outlet water is feed to the Degasser System .Degasser System which

removes the carbon dioxide in water by blowing the air by counter current

passion in Degasser tower.

· Degasser storage tank water feed to WBA (Weak Base Anion) through

SBA (Strong Base Anion) unit. WBA &SBA body which remove the

permanent Hardness & also control Silica up to < 2ppm .When they

discharged they charged simultaneously co- current action by using

Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic Soda)

· SBA outlet water feed to MB (mix Bed). In this unit. we get final DM

product water . When they discharged they charged simultaneously co-

current & counter Current action by using Sodium Hydroxide (Caustic

Soda) & 30 % Conc. HCL solution.

· which having quality PH- 6.5 to 7.0 , Total Hardness-Nil, TDS-Nil,,Silica-

0.02 ppm,

· This final water by dosing Morpholine Chemical as a PH booster &

Increase the DM water PH up to 8.5 to 9.0. This water is directly feed to

boiler feed tank as a Boiler feed water.

· Apart from this if colloidal silica in Feed water is increases. That time DM

water passes through Ultra filtration unit to remove the colloidal silica.



2.6. Sugar Plant Brief Description of Process to Manufacture White Sugar by Double Sulphitation Process

The process of manufacturing involves the following steps:

I. Extraction of cane juice from cane

II. Purification of cane juice

III. Evaporation of cane juice to facilitates crystallization

IV. Crystallization of Sugar

V. Separation of sugar and liquid by Centrifugal force

VI. Re-Boiling of Liquid

VII. Drying

Brief Description of The Above Process Steps Are Given Below:

I. Extraction of Cane Juice from Cane

The cane which is brought from fields by carts/trucks/tractors, weighed and

unloaded in the cane carrier for extraction of juice from sugarcane. The unloaded

cane will pass through preparatory devices (Chopper, leveler and fibrizer). The

preparatory devices will cut the cane stalks into pieces.

The prepared cane enters mills consist of multiple units of three roller

combination through which the prepared cane. To aid in the extraction of juice

spraying thin juice from previous mills and water before last mill, directed on the

blanket of Bagasse as it emerges from each mill help to leach out the sugar.

Use of Bagasse

The residue that leaves the last mill is called bagasse contains un-extracted

sugar, woody fibre and water. The bagasse will be used as fuel to produce steam

and power as co-generation. The generated steam will be used to run turbines

for power generation. The outlet of the turbine i.e., low pressure steam will be

used for sugar production. The condensed water will be sent back to boiler for

steam generation during crushing season.



II. Purification of Cane Juice – Clarification

Juice Clarification :-

The aim of juice clarification is to remove maximum colour impurities,

colloidal impurities from juice. During the clarification, reducing sugar should not

be increased or destroyed for that temp and pH of juice maintained properly.

The juice is extracted from mills is strained to remove bagasse partials

before sending for process. The juice is send by pump via mass flow meter for

weighment purpose. The dark green juice from mills is acidic (PH 4.8 to 5.4)

started. The universal process employed to remove both soluble & insoluble

impurities is called liming & sulphitation process.

First weighed juice is hated up to 70 to 720c in tubular juice heater in 3-4

stages with the help of vapours available from evaporators. After that optimum

dose of MO2 (milk of lime) is added and juice PH in increased up to 9 to 10.5 PH

(as per mud settling test conducted in laboratory level) and immediately SO2 gas

is added of in juice reaction tank up to juice PH 6.9 to 7.0 continuous processes.

Also before entering the juice in reaction tank phosphoric Acid also mixed

in juice up to 300 to 325 PPP.

MO2 & phosphoric acid reacted with SO2 gas in reaction tank (retention

time 8 min) and calcium sulphite & calcium phosphates are developed, which are

heavy in weight & large in volume. After reaction tank juice is again heated upto

1050c & sends to clarifier (retention time is approx 2.5 hrs.). Here all heavy ppt.

absorbed all colloidal impurities & coloring matters & then settled clear juice &

muddy juice are separated in clarifier, clear juice is again heated up to 1100c &

send to evaporator for further process & muddy juice send to mud mixer, here

bagacillo practically also added in mixer & vacuum filtration will be done. Here

juice & filter cake will be separated by vacuum. The filter cake is used as

fertilizer & juice is again treated with mixed juice.



III. Evaporation

The clarified juice obtained in the clarifiers constitutes 75% water. The first stage

of concentration is carried out in equipment called the evaporator, which

operates continuously. The evaporator consists of 4&5 bodies, connected in

series so that the juice undergoes progressive concentration from the first effect

to the last effect to evaporate 75% of water which is present in the juice for that

we require steam. Hence exhaust steam from turbines at a pressure of 1.5

kg/cm2 at 1250C will be fed to the first effect of evaporator. Subsequently due to

the evaporation of the water in the first effect will yield the same amount of

vapour, which will be fed to the succeeding bodies. Due to the difference in the

pressure and the vacuum in the bodies the evaporation of juice will takes place in

all the evaporators. Initially clarified juice will have a brix of 14-160C, reaching 55-

650C Brix from the outlet of the last body. This syrup is passed through a tower

consists of absorption of the SO2 (Sulphurdioxide) by the syrup, lowering its

original pH from 6.4 -6.8 to 4.9 -5.1. The water vapour generated from 1st

evaporator will be used in subsequent bodies and the generated condensate will

be utilized for cane juice extraction at mills, muddy juice filtration at vacuum

filters, milk of lime preparation, pan washing and centrifuge. The excess

condensate will be cooled and used for plant utilities and on land irrigation.

IV. Crystalisation

Crystallization takes place in single effect vacuum pan. The syrup obtained from

the evaporator will be boiled until saturated with sugar. At this point “seed grain”

is added to serve as nuclei for the sugar crystals and more syrup is added as the

water evaporates. Continuing the above process the pans are filled up till the

desire size crystals are built up and dropped in mixers called crystallizers. The

sugar and syrup forms a dense mass known as Massecuite.

V. Separation of sugar and liquid by centrifugal force



From clarifier clear juice & muddy juice send to vacuum filter in which further

juice recovered from mud. Obtained clear juice from clarifier having brix 15° to

17° which is concentrated up to 60° brix in to evaporation set .this concentrated

juice is called syrup. Obtained syrup is bleached by so2 gas is called sulpherd

syrup this is transferred to pan floor. In the pan sulphered syrup is boiled with

mixture of crystals and massecuite prepared. Then it is send to centrifugal

section through pug mill. At centrifugal section suger crystals and molasses are

separated. Final molasses send to steel tank for storage and other molasses are

re-used in the process. Sugar crystals are in wet and hot condition, dried and

cooled on hopper with hot and cold air blowers. Dried sugar crystals are

separated grade wise through suger.grader

VI. Re-boiling of Liquid

The aim of sugar boiling is to recover more sugar and send less purity of

molasses (Final Molasses) as by product. ‘A’ Massecuite from Syrup and second

grade used as ‘seed’ nuclei and high purity washings from high grade sugar (AL

Molasses) high grade or ‘A’ Massecuite is boiled. From this ‘A’ Massecuite we

get white sugar, ‘A’ Heavy Molasses and AL molasses. This AL light molasses

will be sent back for ‘A’ Massecuite boiling. The AH molasses is being sent for ‘B’

Massecuite

“B” Massecuite

The AH Molasses is taken in to batch pan and boil till the super saturation stage.

At this point ‘seed slurry’ is added to serve as nuclei for the sugar crystals.

Continuing the boiling by feeding AH till the crystals size reaches to 160 to 180

µm. The grain will be transferred to vacuum crystallizers; further boiling takes

place in continuous vacuum pans. The continuous pan outlet massecuite size will

be 250 to 300 microns. The ‘B’ grade Massecuite separation we will get B seed



and B heavy molasses. The part of B seed will be sent for A graining and

balance for melting. B heavy molasses sent for „C Boiling.

“C” Massecuite or Low Grade Massecuite

As this is the important massecuite from which mother liquor goes out as Final

Molasses must be of low purity. Hence, more number of small crystals must be

present to have larger area to deposit or de-sugar the mother liquor. Here the

crystals are smallest to achieve our aim.

Graining is done using ‘C’ light molasses in batch pan and boiled till the super

saturation stage. At this point seed slurry of 3 to 4 microns is added to serve as

nuclei for the sugar crystals. Continuing the boiling by feeding C light and BH

molasses till the crystals size reaches to 70 to 90 microns. The grain will be

transferred to C vacuum crystalliser. Further boiling takes place in continuous

pans by feeding BH molasses. The crystals size of pan outlet is 150 to 180

microns. The massecuite dropped to Mono Vertical crystalliser for cooling. During

cooling of the massecuite the temperature brings down to 42 to 43 degree

centigrade to achieve maximum sugar recovery. The cooled massecuite fed to

continuous centrifugals for separation. The separated mother liquor termed Final

Molasses will sent to distillery industry. The sugar separated from first curing is

mixed with water and sent for second curing. During second curing we will get C

seed and C light molasses. C seed will be sent for ‘A’ Boiling and C light

molasses sent for C boiling.

VII. Drying

The separated sugar from ‘A’ centrifugals cooling and drying of the sugar is

carried out in a multi tray hopper, in the hopper the cold and hot air will be pass in

co-current direction to bring down the moisture and temperature of the

marketable sugar. From the drier, the sugar passes through grader where the

separation of sugar of various grades depending on the size and colour like: L-



30, M-30, S-30 and SS-31 will takes place. The graded sugar will be collected in

bins. The sugar from the bins will be weighed in automatic weighing scale,

stitched and will be sent to the sugar godown. Sugar is stored in 50 kg PP bags

and 50kgs “A” twill gunny bags in sugar godown.

2.6.2 Raw Water system

The raw water will be stored for the sugar unit and Cogeneration Plant in existing

storage tank. Health and Sanitation Facilities to ensure optimum hygienic

conditions in the plant area, proper drainage network will be provided to avoid

water logging and outflow. Adequate health related measures and a well be

equipped Safety and Environment Cell will be established as a part of

Environmental Management Plan.

2.7 Resources Util ization / Consumption

2.7.1 Water Requirement:

Irrigation department of state of Maharashtra has sanctioned water supply i.e 970

m3/day and it is sufficient for existing as well as proposed sugar and co-

generation unit.

Table No. 2.5: Water Requirement (proposed)

Fresh water Consumption / Cum/day

Recycle & reuse Cum.

Generated Effluent

1) Domestic

50 -- 45

2) Industrial a) Boiler 320 (make up

water) 3660

1200

b) cooling



3) Industrial process generating biodegradable waste water

600 (make up

water)

4) Other uses like gardening etc.

Nil Nil Nil

Total 970 3660 1245

2.7.2 Land Requirement

The project is identified in a non-agricultural revenue land of 99.57 Ha. The Land

Use break up is given in the following:

The detailed layout plant is given as f igure 2.5



Plant layout



The proposed expansion will be carried out in existing premises of sugar industry having total built up area of 58,146 M2.

Table No. 2.6 Land Use Break up of Project Area

S. No. Description Area in M2

1. Built Up Area (Existing + Proposed) 64,237.058

2 Area for Green Belt 3,30,000

Total Area 3,94,237.058

Table No. 2.7: Raw Material Requirement

List of row material

to be used

Quantity (MT/Month)

Existing Proposed

Sugarcane 2,25,000 1,35,000

Lime 377 216

Sulphar 96 42.36

Caustic soda 5 1.0

O.P Acid 0.5 0.400

Lubricants 20 7.950

Name of products &

By products Existing Proposed activity

Main Products :

a) Sugar

b) Electric ity

28,000 MT/Month

28.5 MW/hr

17550 MT/Month

28.5 MW/hr

By-Products:

a) Molasses

b) Bagasse

c) Pressmud

9,000 MT/M

65,000 MT/M

9,000 MT/M

5,400 MT/M

40,500 MT/M

5,400 MT/M



2.7.4 Utilities:

Util i t ies wil l be provided for smooth and eff icient functioning of the

enhanced project of 12000 TCD Sugar Unit and 28.5 MW

Cogeneration Plant.

2.7.5 Power:

Two set of 515 KVA and 1320 KVA capacity DG set wil l be instal led

in the init ial stages of construction to supply standby electric power

during power cuts/break downs in grid supply. During crushing

season, al l electric requirements, of the plant and machinery and

residential complex shal l be met from the Cogeneration plant.

JSSSKL wi l l instal l the DG set as a standby power supply system

unit to meet emergency requirement.

2.7.6 Fuel:

Fuel requirement is mainly for generation of steam in the boiler.

Bagasse generated from the Sugar Plant i .e. 87 TPH wi l l be used as

fuel for operation of the boiler. The fuel characteristics are given as

under:- Table No. 2.8: Characteristics of Bagasse

2.7.7 Details of Machinery

Table No. 2.9: Sugar Plant Machinery

Mill section

Sr. no Description of Equipment Qty. (in numbers)

S.No. Particulars Value

1 Calorif ic Value 2250Kcal/Kg

2 Moisture content 50%

3 Ash Content 1.5%



1 Cane unloader 7.5 MT cap. 10

2 Feeder table 4

3 Cane carrier 1

4 Cane kicker 1

5 Cane Chopper 1

6 Cane leveller 1

7 Swing Hammer Type Fibrizer 1

8 Rake type carrier 1

9 Intermediate Rake carrier 4

10 Mi l l ing Tandem 5

11 Mi l l house Crane 2

12 Belt Conveyor 2

13 Bagasse Carriers 4

14 Lubrication System 1

15 Juice Tray 5

16 Donnel ly Chute 5

17 Juice Pumps 13

18 Lubricants for Mil l House

Package

2

19 Rotary screen juice 2

Table No. 2.10: Boiling House Machinery:

S.No. Particulars

1. Raw juice

2 Juice heaters

3 Juice sulphitor

4 Sulphur burner

5 Air blowers

6 Milk of l ime preparation

7 Juice clari f ier

8 Vacuum f i l ter



9 Evaporator Quintuple

10 Syrup sulphiter

11 Syrup & molasses storage tanks

12 Batch type & continuous vacuum pan

13 Crystal l izers

14 Condensor and injection pump station

15 Sugar melter

16 Sugar drying

17 Mild steel fabricated vapour pipe

18 Insulation

Table No. 2.11: Power Generating Unit

( i) Two DG Sets of 515 KVA & 1320 KVA wil l be used in case of power

fai lure during season.

2.8 Responsible Care for Wastes

2.8.1 WATER

Mitigation measures during construction phase:

There wil l not be any signif icant pol lution during the construction

phase as the development wil l take place in exist ing bui lding

structure. Adequate provisions wi l l be made avai lable to col lect the

runoff f rom the si te, so that runoff wi l l not be al lowed to stand or

enter into the roadside or nearby drain.

Raw Water

The water used for the JSSSKL plant wi l l be taken from Doodhganga

river and the required permission is already granted by Irrigation

department. The water wil l be treated ful ly to standard

characteristics. The samples wil l be tested & confirmed.

Disposal



The waste water generated in the col lective activity thus wil l be the

Domestic, sludge and sewage. The treatment through well -designed

septic tank is adequate for the purpose.

Total ef f luent generated during the operation wil l be about 1200

M3/day (As per CREP norms). An eff luent treatment plant has been

provided which is cont inuously in operation and the resul ts obtained

wi l l be within the permissible l imits as prescribed by MPCB. The

various treatment methods of the Eff luent Treatment Plant (ETP) are

given below in the f low sheet.

The disposal wi l l be for greenery in absorbing at root zone by sub

surface i rrigation. There wil l be no discharge of eff luent outside.

Figure 2.6: Flow diagram of ETP



The sugar factory effluent from various section through closed channel is taken

to oil and grease separation tank by gravity which is screened intermittently for

removal of bigger size of suspended matters. Specially designed horizontal

mounting oil skimmers will be installed on the oil and grease tank. The oil

collected is gathered in collection tank and burn in the boiler with baggase.

The effluent which is free of oil and grease goes to equalization tank. The

equalization tank will bi provided with one floating aerator for homogeneous

mixing of effluent and supply of oxygen from atmosphere to increase the

dissolve oxygen quantity to avoid septic condition. In equalization tank lime is

added for neutralization which maintains pH between 7.0 to 8.5.

Further effluent is transferred to primary clarifier in which dense solid and

suspended solids are removed. Hence Organic load of effluent is reduced.

Nutrient ( urea and DAP) is added periodically for growth of bacterial in aeration

tank. Constant bacterial population (i.e 2000 to 3000 mg/lit MLSS) is maintained

by recirculation of sludge.

The excess sludge is withdrawn in to sludge drying beds and disposed as

manure after formation of dry cake, The over flow from secondary clarifier is used

for land irrigation. The final treated effluent water meets the norms set by

Maharashtra pollution control board (MPCB) which is used for irrigation and

gardening. Safe disposal.

Sewage

Sewage from various buildings in the plant area is conveyed through separate

drains of septic tank followed by soak pit. Sludge is removed occasionally and

disposed of as land fill at suitable places.

Mitigation

As additional mitigation measures, JSSSKL proposes to take-up following

measures:



Ø To spread awareness to the workers about the importance of water

quantity measurements and resource conservation.

Ø The treated domestic waste water will be applied judiciously on land for

gardening so that there will not be any flooding of excess water either to

migrate to ground water table or get away as runoff to join surface water

drains.

Ø The industrial waste water is subjected to thermal treatment resulting in

hazardous solid waste being sent to CHWTSDF & evaporating the

moisture.

Summary

From the foregoing it may be seen that the industry doesn’t discharge any such

effluent which is hazardous, poisonous or non-biodegradable. It is not likely to

create pollution from the point-of-view of water phase of environment.

This is a zero Discharge Industry.

2.8.2 AIR

Mitigation measure during construction phase:

Air quality around the project si te wil l not be impacted during

construction phase as the proposed project wil l be developed in the

existing building structure. Smal l construction work is proposed.

Further to minimize any impact fol lowing measures shall be taken:

Ø The raw material handling wil l be located as per the

predominant wind direction, in such a way that the fugit ive

dust generated from the site wi l l be primari ly contained within

the construction site only.

Ø The raw material handl ing yard wil l be suitably enclosed so as

to generate minimum air born dust.

Ø Al l the loose material either stacked or transport wil l be

provided with suitable covering such as tarpaulin, etc.



Ø Water sprinkl ing wil l be done at the locations where dust

generation is ant icipated.

Ø To minimize the occupational health hazard, proper personal

protective gears i.e. mask wil l be provided to the workers who

are engaged in dust generation activity.

Emission Control Equipments (ECE)

The air pol lution caused by this industry is mainly from dust as

suspended particulate matter (SPM) from Cogeneration power plant

– boilers and fuel of diesel generating set (DG set).

JSSSKL knows from which unit operation or process, air pollutants

are expected. For the purpose of arresting and capturing the

pollutants, measures are proposed and designed.

Wet Scrubber Details :

A suitable wet scrubber is install so that the fly ash contents

of flue gases leaving the chimney confirm to the rules and

regulations of the pollution act as applicable to the factory

(below 100 Mg/Nm3).

It shall be the responsibil ity of the steam generator

manufacturer/ Supplier to provide all technical documents to

pollution control authority. Obtaining pollution clearance

shall be in purchaser’s scope.

Suitable platform, ladder, inspection and poking holes etc.

shall be provided to facilitate regular inspection and cleaning

of the wet scrubber.

The manufacture is to design & supply suitable flue gas

cleaning system to ensure that the flue gases entering the



chimney do not contain SPM in excess of 115 mg/Nm3 for

100% Bagasse firing.

DETAILED SPECIFICATION FOR THE WET SCRUBBER Detailed Scope of Supply for Wet Scrubber

Table No. 2.12: Design of Wet Scrubber

Sr. No.

Particulars Wet Scrubber Details ESP 20TPH 75TPH 90TPH

1 Gas flow rate – Max MCR

20M3/Sec. 75M3/Sec. 90M3/Sec.

2 Temperature of gasses at inlet

160ºC

3 Inlet Dust concentration 2500 to 3000 mg/nm3 4 Outlet emission

concentration of out 100 to150 mg/nm3

5 Pressure drop across wet scrubber

70 to 80mm of Wg.

Table No. 2.13 Technical Details of Boiler:

Sr. No.

Particular

1. Capacity (TPH) LIPI-90 TPH

B & W - 20 TPH 75 TPH

2. Boiler outlet press. 48 bar, 485 ± 5ºC 20 bar, 320 ± 5ºC 45 bar, 485 ± 5ºC 3. Max. Working

Press. (Bar a, ºC). 56 bar -- 52 bar.

4. Fuel Burnt (Individually or mixed)

Bagasse only. Bagasse only. Bagasse only.

5. Steam Drum dia X shell length X Thk (mm)

1375 X 10300 X 65 Drum height 24700mm

Ø 1260 x 7226, 3 nos.

Ø 1340 x 7576 x 56 Drum height 13505mm

6. Water Drum dia. X length X Thk. (mm)

1000 X 9385 X 45 Drum height 16650mm

No water drum 950x8906x45 Drum height 6950mm

7. Furnace Type Pulsating Dumping grate Dumping grate 8. Furnace grate

Area (Sq. m) 49m² 15 m² 40M2



9. Combustion Chamber Volume (cubic m)

49 X 15 = 735 m³ 15x8.5=127.5 m³ 423.44M2

10. Fuel feeder nos. and size in mm.

6 nos., drum Ø 1000, Inlet size 540 x 490, ECC rpm 120 to 1200 rpm, chain sprockets 25:19, Pitch – 1¼”, rpm – 1200 ÷ 30 ÷ 25 x 19 = 30.4

3 nos, Ø900 inlet size 460 x 760, motor-3 H.P.1425 rpm.

4 Nos.

11. Heating surface in Furnace (Sq. m) / Radiation zone Tube thik, (mm).

1556m². 76.2mm OD x 4.064 thk. X 650 1Mtr. long,

127.5 m³ 50.8 Odx4.064 thick

800M2

12. Boiler Bank Heating surface (Sq. m) & tube Thik. Convection zone Down comer Riser.

1713m². 50.8 Odx4.064 thick x 10735 Mtr. long.

759.52 m² 101.6 OD x 4 thk

15600M2

50.8 Odx4.064 thick

13. Super Heater heating surface (Sq. m) Primary & Secondary, Tube Thickness (mm).

272m² primary, 302m² secondary. 44.5 O. D. x 4.064 Thk x (1943m+2164m) Length. Primary 51 Nos., Secondary 51Nos.

304 m², tube 50.8x9 swg. x 29587 No. of Coils 60

Primary – 241M2 Secondary – 262M2

14. Economiser H.S.(m²)Tube thick. (mm) x long

987m², 44.5 OD x 4.064 Thk x 7063 mtr. No. of Coils 33

308 m² Gilled type ID 50x7 thk. 2878 long.

700M2 H. S.

15. Air Heater H.S.(Sq.m) Tube Thickness (mm)

3608m², 10 swg. (3.25mm)

250 m²

2500M2

16. Centre distance between steam & water drum (mm)

8050 No water drum. 8755mm



17. ID Fan (Belt driven)

Q = 76 M³/Sec. 3 Nos. H = -200 mmWg. P = 225 KW N = 987 RPM Fan RPM = 750

Q = 25M³/Sec. 1 No. H = -280 mmWg. P = 150 KW N = 950 RPM Fan RPM = 750

Q = 42M³/Sec. 2 Nos. H = -300 mmWg. P = 187 KW N = 1489 RPM Fan RPM = 750

18. FD Fan Q = 80 M³/Sec H = +125 mmWg. P = 150 KW N = 1440 RPM

Q = 11.33 M³/Sec. H = +150mmWg. P = 30 KW N = 1440 RPM

Q = 40 M³/Sec. H = 200 mmWg. P = 110 KW N = 1500 RPM V.F.D.

19. SA Fan Q = 14.33M³/Sec H = +470 mmWg. P = 110 KW N = 1480 RPM

Q = 2.5 M³/Sec. H = +600 mmWg. P = 22 KW N = 1460 RPM

Q = 15 M³/Sec. H = + 600 mmWg. P = 75 HP N = 1460 RPM

20. PS Fan Q = 2 M³/Sec H = +600 mmWg. P = 55 KW N = 1440 RPM

21. Feed pumps KSB make 2 Nos. Cap.= 90M3/hr. H = 650 Mtr. P = 250KW N = 2970 RPM

KSB make 2 Nos. Cap.= 60M3/hr. H = 655 Mtr. P = 55 KW N = 2975 RPM

22. Transfer pump KSB make 3 Nos. Cap. = 90M3/hr. H = 65 Mtr. P = 22KW N = 2935 RPM

--

23. Feed water tank 90M3 capacity. 60M3 capacity. 24. De-aerator tank 40M3 capacity. 25. Reserve Tank 210 M3

Sources of Air Pollutants

1. Boiler

The industry proposes to continue the efforts of air pollution control

and remain inside the l imits.

Ø Stack Heights of two boilers – wi l l be 72 Mtr & 75 Mtr.

v Wet Scrubbers shal l be instal led to maintain the air

emission within the norms to comply the norms of MoEF.



2. Burning of fuel in standby DG set:

Table No.2.14: Emission of pollutants From DG set

S.No Source Pollutant In-plant

Measures

Control Equipment

1 Standby

DG set

SO2 Feed low

Sulphur diesel

–

2 Process HCl Close container Fume hood vents

are provided with

scrubber system

Fugitive

A number of mit igation measures wi l l be taken to control fugi t ive

emissions, the presence of which wil l be noticeable by plain vision if

not control led. The measures are thus taken seriously and

continuously such as:

Ø Rubber wheel carts / trucks to bring in raw materials wi l l not

be f i l led high, side’s cladded, slow speed travel, avoiding

vibrations en-route.

Ø Engineering the plant layout wi l l be in such a way so as to

virtually el iminate need of using heavy equipment for material

handling.

Ø Tree plantation on surrounding avai lable area.

Ø The industry proposes to continue the efforts of air pol lution

control and remain inside the l imits.

2.8.3 Solid Waste:

Introduction:

Waste management during construction phase:



Minimum amount of solid waste wil l be generated as there wil l be

small construction work which wil l be conf ined within the existing

building structure.

Fol lowing mitigation practice is the pol icy for future:

Ø Minimization at al l levels need be attempted for discarded

products, empty containers, packing surpluses, incoming raw

material unloading spil lages and fugi t ives.

Ø The sol id in process generate only as Ash from cogeneration

plant, ETP sludge and domestic waste.

Ø Other wil l be empty drums which can be used for ref i l l or may

be disposed to original vendors

a) Non Hazardous Solid Waste

Based on above working, the summary is

ü Ash generation wil l be about 44 MT/M.

ü This ash wi l l be mixed wi th the press mud, being sold to

the farmers during season.

ü Municipal solid waste generated during construction &

operation wi l l be Composted and used for Gardening

ü The collected ash wil l be given / sold to cement

industries & brick making.

b) Hazardous Waste

Sludge is generated during the treatment of wastewater in ETP.

The sludge is uti l ized for composting / organic manure with the

press mud.

2.8.4 NOISE

Mitigation measures during construction phase:



During the construction stage, expected noise levels shal l be in the

range of 75-80 dB. All the construction activi ties shall be carried out

during the daytime. To prevent any occupational hazard, ear muff /

ear plug wil l be given to the workers working around or operating

plant and machinery emitt ing high noise levels. Use of such plant or

machinery wi l l not be al lowed during night hour. Careful planning of

machinery operat ion and scheduling of operations shal l be done to

minimize such impact.

Mitigation measures during operation phase:

No signi f icant amount of noise wi l l be generated during the

operation phase.

2.8.5 Green belt development

Adequate green belt wi l l be developed within the premise of the

proposed establishment which comprises of local varieties of trees,

shrubs, cl imbers and grass cover.

The management has also ini tiated tree plantation along the existing

approach road and surrounding areas to make the vicini ty greener

and ecologically aesthetic. More than 15000 nos of trees have been

planted t i l l date with survival rate of around 100%.

2.8.6 Waste Recycling

This being sugar and Cogeneration power plant, qual i ty is very

important. This may involve use of water in the di f ferent stages of

sugar production and co-generation power plant steps. It may be

possible to reuse such water again.

The treated sewage/eff luent wil l be put to a secondary use of

greening or agriculture purpose and that too as sub-surface

irrigation. However, rain water harvesting wil l be done and used for

groundwater recharge.



2.9 Safety

Safety and occupational health wil l be dealt careful ly. A discipl ined

approach is natural to this industry. Safety policy wil l be in place.

The unit wi l l be registered under factory act and are bound by state

factory rules. Thus, f i rst aid trained and f ire-f ighting trained person

wi l l be available in every shif t. Implant safety wi l l be control led&

monitored by quali fied person& also the competent person retained.

Where necessary, provisions of other Acts, where required l ike

Petroleum act, Explosive Act, etc. wil l be obeyed. Fire f ighting

system is kept as per norms of insurance company and CIF.

DMP (Disaster Management Plan) and off-site emergency plan wi l l

be in place. Accordingly, Personal protection equipment wil l be

given and use wi l l be insisted. Consult ing Physician is retained to

visi t the factory.

Prediction of impacts is the most important component in the

environmental impact assessment studies. Several scientif ic

techniques and methodologies are available to predict impacts of

project developmental activit ies on environment. Such predictions

are superimposed over the baseline (proposed project) status of

environmental qual ity to derive the ul t imate (post-project) scenario

of environmental condit ions. The prediction of impacts helps to

prepare the Environmental Management Plan (EMP) required to be

executed during the on-going activit ies for the proposed project to

minimize the adverse impacts on environmental quality

* * * * *



CHAPTER 3

BASELINE ENVIRONMENT

3.1 INTRODUCTION

Information is first assembled for the Region-District and then narrowed down to

10 km radius with the Project as Centre. In both the areas, both the components

of Environment (i.e. Natural and Man-made) are covered. The baseline

environmental quality has been assessed as per the TOR and all the studies

have been conducted from month of Oct. 2014 to Dec. 2014. The standard

methodology is adopted and discussed in this chapter.

Table No.3.1: Summary of Sampling

All the samples were collected by Standard Practices and analyzed as per Indian

Standard Specifications or by APHA (USA).

3.1.1 Materials:

The work involves three activities viz. (1) collection of dry data and statistics by

literature survey, interviewing resource institutes and general public, (2) wet

studies by sampling and laboratory analysis of ambient air, surface water, ground

water, noise, soil, etc. and (3) logically analyzing the findings of dry and wet

studies for interpretation, extrapolation and inference.

A number of officers/offices were contacted in the course of this study. Samples

were collected in the month of Oct. 2014 to Dec. 2014; as follows, vide Table

No.3.1

No. Media Stations Parameters Frequency

1 Surface Water 6 24 1

2 Ground Water 5 24 1

3 Ambient Air 6 12 Twice a week

4 Ambient Noise 6 2 1

5 Soil Study 6 12 1



1. 3.1.2 Approach

For a streamline work, a standard six-step model of working is adopted for this

Project study. The six generic steps associated with environment impacts are:

(1) Identification of pollutant emissions and impact concerns related to the

construction and operation of the development project.

(2) Description of the environmental setting in terms of existing environmental

quality, emission inventory, and natural data in the project study area.

(3) Procurement of relevant laws, regulations or criteria related to environmental

quality and/or pollution emission effluent standards.

(4) Conduction of impact prediction activities, including the use of simple dilution

calculations, qualitative predictions based on case study and professional

judgments,

(5) Use of pertinent information from step 3, along with professional judgment

And public input to assess the significance of anticipated beneficial/ detrimental

impacts, and

(6) Identification, development and incorporation of appropriate mitigation

measures for the adverse impacts.

3.2 The Region

The base line data has been collected within the 10 km radius surrounding the

project site of M/s. Jawaar Shetkari Sahakari Sakar Karkhana Ltd The Google

image of the study area showing 5 Km & 10 km radius area is given below as

Plate - 3.1.

Kolhapur district is in Maharashtra state. The city of Kolhapur is the district

headquarters. As of 2011, the district had a population of 3,874,015, of which

33% were urban. The physiological setting of the Kolhapur district is divided in to

three main parts: Eastern ranges, Central Ranges and Southern ranges. Eastern

and Central Ranges have black soil formed from lava, and at some places it has

large tracts of fertile land. The western ranges are mostly hilly and have red soil.

The majority area in the west is under thick forest coverage.



Figure 3.1 Google Image showing project site and 10km circle considering

project site at centre

2. 3.2.1 Geographical Location and area

The district of Kolhapur lies in the south-west of Maharashtra between 150 to 170

North latitude and 730 to 740 East longitude and spreads across the Deccan

Platue in the rain shadow region of the Sahyadri mountain ranges on the

southernmost tip of the state of Maharashtra. The Sangli district lies to the north,

the Belgaum district of Karnataka State is to the east and south, Ratnangiri and

Sindhudurg districts of Maharashtra are to the West. To the west, we have the

Sahyadri ranges and the river Warana is to the north which forms the natural

boundries to the district. It has an area of 7685.00 sq.kms. Which is about 2.5 per

cent of total area of the state and it ranks 24th in the state as far as area is

concerned.



3. 3.2.2 Physical Setting

The district interior has a varied economical culture. The ranges of mountain

Sayhadri have spread their wings mainly in the western region of the district and

this has 57converted part of the district with Konkan type soil and ecology and

partly with Deccan type. Although the major portion of the district is 390 to 600

meters above the mean sea level. Some of the points are as high as 900 meters

above mean sea level3. The location of Kolhapur district is shown in map No. 2.1

of Maharashtra State map.

3.2.3 Rivers

The main rivers of Kolhapur district are the Panchanganga, the Dudhganga, the

Vedganga and the Hiranyakeshi. The warana has the southeastern trend and it

serves as the boundry between Kolhapur and Sangli district. Its total length in the

district is approximately 120 kilometers. The Panchanganga River is formed, as

has been noted already, by four streams, the Kasari, the Kumbhi, the Tulsi and

the Bhogawati. Local tradition believes in an underground stream Saraswati

which together with the other four streams make the Panchanganga. The

Panchanganga falls into the Krishna at Narsobawadi in Shirol taluka after

covering the distance of approximaterly 136 kilometers. In the district the Tillari,

the Tampraparni, the Ghatprabha, the Chikotra, the Dhamani and the

Markandeya are also the small rivers flowing through the district. However all

these rivers are seasonal. The Panchanganga has blessed admirably the people

of the district and has boosted significantly the agricultural economy of the

district.

3.2.3.1 Irrigation in Kolhapur District

The sources of irrigation for agricultural lands in the districts are either dug wells

or rivers. No canal irrigation is available at least until. The irrigated area in the

district is

20.56 %. The highest percentage of irrigation is in Shirol taluka. It is 30.25 %

followed 26.57 % in Karveer, 20.56 % in Hatkanangale, 12.19 % in Panhala and



10.2 % in Radhanagari tahasil and the lowest being in Bhudargad block where it

is 3.19 %.6

Ø Major Irrigation Projects in Kolhapur District There are four major irrigation

projects in the district. First is Tulshi project constructed on the river tulshi

at Burambali in Radhanagari taluka. Second is Tillari Hydro electric

irrigation project on the river Tillari in Chandgad taluka. Third is

Kalammawadi irrigation project on the river Dudhganga at Asangao in

Radhanagari taluka and is a joint venture of Maharashtra and Karnataka

state. Fourth, Warana project on the river Warana at Amboli in Shahuwadi

taluka in Kolhapur district and Chandoli in Shirala taluka of Sangli.

Ø Medium Irrigation Projects in the District There are ten medium irrigation

projects in the Kolhapur district but all of them they are lift irrigation

projects. The ten medium irrigation projects are (1) Kasari Project (2)

Patgaon Project (3) Kumbhi Project (4) Kadvi Project (5) Chitri Project (6)

Chikotra Project (7) Jangamhatti Project (8) Jambre Project (9)

Ghataprabha Project and (10) Dhamani Project.

Ø Minor Irrigation Projects in the District More than 50 minor irrigation

projects have already been completed in the district. Their taluka-wise

distribution is 9 in Chandgad taluka, 7 each in Ajara, Gandhinglaj and

Kagal talukas, 4 in Karveer, 3 in

Ø Radhanagari and Gaganbavada talukas and 2 each is Shahuwadi and

Shirol talukas. These projects 62 collectively irrigate 14,936 ha. in the

Kolhapur district and 3,209 ha. in Sangli district.

Ø Kolhapur – Type (KT) Weirs Kolhapur – Type (KT) weirs are unique to

Kolhapur district. There are 71 such weirs on different rivers, as:11 on the

Hiranyakeshi, 10 on the Vedganga, 9 on the Warana, 7 each on the

Kasari, the Chikotra, the Kumbhi, 6 on the Tamraparni, and 3 each on the

Kadvi, Ghatprabha and Dhamani. The collective reservoir capacity of

these weirs is 3,425 million cu.mt. which is used for irrigating 16,653 ha.

Ø Percolation Tanks: The Kolhapur Zilla Parishad has constructed 55

percolation tanks at the cost of Rs. 277.57 lakh and brought 4,564 ha.



land under irrigation. The Zilla Parishad has also commissioned 28 lift

irrigation schemes at the cost of 39.44 lakh for irrigating 2,456 ha.

4. 3.2.4 Climate

The climate of the Kolhapur plain is temperate and similar to the other districts of

Bombay Deccan adjoining the ghats. In the western part of Kolhapur near the

Sahyadris it is always cooler than that in the eastern part which is liable to hot

winds during April and May. The nights over the whole district are generally cool

due to the influence of the sea breezes which set in during the afternoons and

continue till late in the evening.

The year in respect of Kolhapur district may be divided into three periods as

follows:-hot weather period from March to May; rainy period from June to

October; and cold weather period from November to February.

The western part of the district is made up of Sahyadri mountain ranges and

steep cliffs with extremely heavy rainfall, dense forests rich with floral and faunal

biodiversity. The weather in this region is cold and these areas are well known

hill stations and tourist spots. The districts of Shahuwadi, Gaganbawada,

Radhanagri, Chandgad, Budhargad are regions of very heavy rainfall.

Towardsthe east proportion of rainfall is very meager. The Western cliffs have

received total rainfall as high as 6875 mm in 2011 while the maximum rainfall

received is 5875 at Gaganbawada and minimum rainfall 480 mm in Shirol.

The average annual rainfall in the district varies widely from about 20" in

Kurundwad-Shirol area in the north-east to over 240" in Gaganbavada area near

Sahyadri in the west. Kurundwad has the lowest annual average of 19" whereas

Gaganbavada gets 244". The isohyets (line of equal rainfall) practically run from

north to south. About three-fourths of the district receives more than 40" annually.

3.2.5 Forest



These occupy the high rainfall regions in the extreme west of the dstrict. No

particular plant species can be marked as principal in the composition. Jambhul,

hirda, anjani, surangi, panjambhul get mixed up in the top canopy with pnansi,

etc., mostly coming in as sub-dominants. The lower storey and ground flora

mostly consist of karvi, bracken fern and others. This composition is mainly

confind to elevations round about 2,200' above the mean sea level.

Barring the prominent existence of the deciduous species in the typical

deciduous deciduous formation, the composition of the two is made of jambhul,

amba, nana, sissum, asana, kumbhi, bhava, panjambhul, kinjal, ain, kinai,

umbar, biba, cnanste and others. In forests of this type in Ajra mahal, the famous

scented wood species, chandan (sandalwood) occurs profusely. Bamboos are

sparse.

Firewood and grass are the main marketable products from these forests. Timber

is of a very poor quality and meagre. Hirda fruit is produced in large quantities

and most of it is consumed in the factory of the Amba Tannin and

Pharmaceutical Limited for the extraction of tannin.

3.2.6 Soil Profile

The district can be divided into three areas naturally. To the west mountain

ranges with red soil, middle part with fertile soil and the black soil in the east.

To the west are the Ajara, Budhargad, radhanagri, Gagan bawada and Panahala

talukas; in the centre are the Karveer, Kagal and Gadhinglaj talukas and to the

east are the talukas of Hatkanangale and shirol.The river banks of Bhogavati,

Kumbhi, Kasari, Panchaganga, Tulshi, Dhamani, Warna, Dudhaganga,

Hirnyakeshi, Ghatprabha contain fertile soil.The mountainous region in the west

is made up of red laterite and hard black rock. The district also has deposits of

bauxite and basalt rock.

3.3 MICRO - METEOROLOGY

Micro-meteorological data within the study area during the air quality survey period

is an indispensable part of air pollution studies as the micro-meteorological



parameters regulate the transport and diffusion of pollutants released into the

atmosphere. The meteorological data recorded during the monitoring period is

useful for the interpretation of the baseline condition and it can be compared with

the historical data in order to identify changes, which may have taken place in the

area.

Site-specific primary meteorological data was collected in the project site for the

month of Oct. 2014 to Dec. 2014. Meteorological station was installed at mining

lease boundary 10 meters from the ground level to monitor parameters of wind

speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. The data is

recorded as the maximum, minimum, instantaneous value. Monitoring was done

as per IS: 8829: Micro-meteorological Techniques in Air Pollution. Data on wind

speed and direction are also collected from IMD Pune for the period 1951 to 1980.

3.3.1 Secondary Meteorological Data

The secondary data w.r.t. wind speed, wind direction, collected from

climatological table of IMD, pune for Kolhapur station and the same is presented

in the table.

Table: 3.2 Climatological Table w.r.t. Wind Direction, Speed and Humidity

Kolhapur Station

Month Mean Humidity (%) Wind direction from

Annual total Mean

Jan 63 30 E-NE Feb 57 24 E-NE March 56 27 E-NE Apr 65 39 E-NW May 73 50 E-NW June 84 71 E-SW July 90 83 E-SW Aug 91 82 E-SW Sept 88 74 E-NW Oct 78 57 NE-E Nov 66 43 E-NE Dec 63 35 E-NE Average wind speed in all months between the range of 1-19



Km/h Source – IMD

The wind speed is generally high during monsoon season from direction between

West and Southwest, during winter it blows from between East and North East

and in the month of March and April wind direction from between West and

Northwest. During monsoon season the sky is heavily clouds and it converts into

moderately clouded in post monsoon season. The sky is lightly clouded or clean

in rest of the year.

Table: 3.3 climatologically Table w.r.t. Temperature and Rainfall Kolhapur Station

Month Mean Tept.0c Mean Total

Rainfall(mm) Mean number of rainy days Daily Min Daily Max.

Jan 14.8 30.7 0.9 0.1 Feb 16.2 33.2 2.3 0.1

March 19.3 36.0 7.3 0.5 Apr 31.6 37.5 30.4 2.2 May 22.3 35.9 58.0 3.2 June 22.0 30.1 151.2 10.6 July 21.4 26.9 321.4 18.7 Aug 21.4 26.9 209.3 17.5 Sept 20.8 28.9 133.0 9.4 Oct 20.1 31.5 87.4 5.2 Nov 17.4 30.7 36.1 1.7 Dec 15.4 29.8 11.5 0.6

Annual 19.4 31.5 1048.5 69.8

Source – IMD

The records of the IMD Kolhapur station are taken for study of district climatic

conditions. Being a western ghat district the variation in the temperature and

relative humidity are observed in above table no. 5. The year are mainly divided

into four seasons i.e. winter (Dec to Feb), pre monsoon or summer (March to

May), Monsoon (June to September) and Post monsoon season (October &

November). The climate of the district is well distributed by sufficient rainfall,

maintained the ratio of cold and hot temperature.



3.4.2 Rainfall

5. The district receives rain from the South-West as well as North-East monsoons. The proportion of rainfall decreases very sharply from the west to east ranging between the maximum of 6000 mm in the west to the minimum of 600 mm in the east.

Table 3.4 Rainfall Observation

6. Source: IMD (Indian Meteorological Department)



3.3.2 Primary Meteorological Data

The details of parameters monitored, equipment used and the frequency of

monitoring are given in Table.

Table 3.5 Meteorological Parameters monitored at Site

SR. NO. PARAMETERS INSTRUMENTS FREQUENCY

1. Wind Speed Counter Cup Anemometer

Hourly/Continuous

2. Wind Direction Wind Vane Hourly/Continuous 3. Temperature Thermo-sensor Hourly/Continuous

4. Relative Humidity

Thermo-hygro sensor Hourly/Continuous

5. Rainfall Rain gauge (automatic) Hourly/ Continuous

6. Atmospheric pressure

Barometric Sensor Hourly/ Continuous

Site specific meteorological data is analyzed and presented for the month of

October 2014 to Dec 2014 monthly maximum, minimum and average values for

temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation, rainfall and atmospheric pressure is

presented below



Figure 3.2: Windrose Diagram

A) Wind Speed and Direction

Winds are light to moderate throughout the study period. The month-wise and

season-wise pattern is discussed below. The monthly and seasonal wind roses

are presented in Figure 3.2

B) Temperature

It was observed that the temperature ranged from 12.2 °C to 39.2 °C. The

maximum temperature of 39.2 °C recorded in the month of February and

minimum temperature of 12.2 °C was observed to be in the month of December

.The monthly variations in the temperature are presented in Table 3.6.



C) Relative Humidity

During the monitoring period of three months, the relative humidity ranges from

15 % to 81 %. The maximum humidity (81%) was recorded in the month of

December whereas minimum humidity i.e. 15 % was observed in the month of

January. The monthly variations in the relative humidity are given in Table 3.6.

Table 3.5: Meteorological Data monitored at the Project Site

Month Temperature (OC) Relative Humidity (%)

Max Min Avg. Max Min Avg. December 32.8 10.2 21.2 32.8 10.2 48 January 33.2 11.4 21.4 33.2 11.4 47 February 35.2 12.5 23.2 35.2 12.5 40

D) Rain Fall

The annual and monthly variation of the rainfall recorded for the past 5 years is

given in the Table 3.4.

3.4 AIR ENVIRONMENT

Air pollution has long term and short term impact on the biotic and abiotic

component of the environment. The ambient air quality with respect to the core

zone of 10 km radius around the periphery of JSSSKL was monitored. The study

area represents both rural and industrial environment. The chief sources of air

pollution in the study area are mainly due to existing sugar factory unit of JSSSKL

and vehicular activities and domestic firewood burning, fuel burning etc. The major

pollutants released in the atmosphere will be SPM, PM10, SO2, and NOx etc.

This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted

for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling.

3.4.1 Methodology

· Selection of sampling locations

Selection of ambient air quality monitoring stations is based on following

factors

- Meteorological conditions of the area;



- Topography of the study area;

- Representativeness of regional background air quality for obtaining

baseline status; and

- Likely impact areas.

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (AAQM) stations were establish at Six locations

with due consideration to the above mentioned points and help of mathematical

model was rendered to establish the suitability of this locations for the proposed

expansion sugar unit. These AAQM locations are depicted in Figure - 3.6 while

Table - 3.7 details about the location with reference to the proposed expansion

site.

Figure 3.3 Air Monitoring Locations Map

Table- 3.6 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations



Sr. No.

Code No.

Station Name

Direction w.r.t. site

Distance w.r.t. site

km Description

1. AAQ1 Project Site -- -- Industrial 2. AAQ2 Hupari North-East 1.6 Residential / Rural area 3. AAQ3 Randivewadi South-west 4.0 Residential / Rural area

4. AAQ4 Mangur South-East 3.9 Residential / Rural area 5. AAQ5 Mankapur North-East 7.8 Residential area 6. AAQ6 Sangaon

Kasaba North-East 4.8 Residential area

The ambient air quality monitoring has been done twice in week for every location.

The baseline data of air environment is generated for the following parameters:

· Total Suspended Particulate Matter (TSPM);

· PM10 : Reparable Particulate Matter (RPM);

· Sulphur dioxide (SO2); and

· Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)

· Carbon monoxide (CO);

· Lead (pb); and

· Hydrocarbons (HC)

3.4.2 Sampling Duration

Ø Twenty-four hourly samples, twice a week at all air-monitoring stations.

3.4.3 Instruments Used

Respirable Dust Samplers (APM-451) of “Envirotech” make are used for

sampling SPM, PM10 and gaseous pollutants like SO2, NOx. The gases are

collected in a sampling tray attached to the Respirable Dust Sampler.

3.4.4 Methodology for Analysis

The air samples are analyzed as per IS: 5182 "Method for Measurement of Air

Pollution".



· SPM/ PM10: Gravimetric Method (IS: 5182, Part IV)

· SO2: Modified West and Gaeke Method (IS: 5182, Part II)

· NOx: Jacobs and Hochheiser Method (IS: 5182, Part VI)

· CO: NDIR spectroscopy method

· pb: Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) method

3.4.5 Presentation of Results

The ambient Air quality monitoring data analyzed and tabulated in the Table - 3.8

which is compared with National Ambient Air Quality Standards as tabulated in

Table - 3.9

Table- 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Results

Village (Location)

Parameters SO2

(mg/m3) NOx

(mg/m3) SPM

(mg/m3) PM10

(mg/m3) CO

(ppm) Project Site (A1)

Minimum 4.0 9.1 126.4 29.6 0.40 Maximum 9.0 16.6 184.2 54.6 1.20 Average 6.6 11.5 153.7 43.5 0.80 Std. Deviation

1.24 2.12 15.10 7.30 0.20

98th percentile

8.96 16.18 181.4 54.4 1.20

Hupari (A2)


0.81 1.09 17.1 7.4 0.20

98th percentile

7.1 12.5 166.2 56.4 1.16

Randivewadi (A3)


0.8 1.1 17.05 7.51 0.17

98th percentile

6.9 12.5 181.4 64.7 1.06

Mangur Minimum 6.7 13.6 106.8 34.4 0.87



(A4)

Maximum 13.0 21.7 163.6 72.3 1.93 Average 9.5 17.8 145.4 48.8 1.22 Std. Deviation

1.5 2.2 15.9 8.4 0.33

98th percentile

8.8 17.7 163.4 66.9 0.92

Mankapur (A5)


1.0 1.5 6.0 2.5 0.21

98th percentile

7.1 14.1 164.7 55.1 1.15

Sangaon Kasaba (A6)


1.1 1.9 15.9 9.2 0.17

98th percentile

7.9 15.6 164.5 60.6 1.06

Ambient air quality analysis results for the seven monitoring locations which were

selected to represent baseline conditions of the region are given below.

Presentation of Air Quality Analysis Results

Ambient air quality analysis results for the Six monitoring locations which were


Ambient air quality analysis results for the six monitoring locations which were


Project Site (A1)

The location comes under Industrial zone. The concentration of SPM ranged

from 126.4-184.2 µg/m3 while that of PM10 was in the range of 29.6-54.6 µg/m3,

SO2 and NOx were in the range of 4-9 µg/m3 and 9.1-16.6 µg/m3 respectively.

The CO values were observed in the range of 0.40-1.20 ppm.



Hupari (A2)

The location comes under Non-Industrial zone. The concentrations of SPM and

PM10 at this location were in the range of 106.1-170.1 µg/m3 and 28.1-57.1

µg/m3 respectively. While the values of SO2 and NOX were observed in the

range of 4-7.2 µg/m3 and 8.1-12.9 µg/m3 respectively. The CO values were

observed in the range of 0.51-1.26 ppm.

Randivewadi (A3)

The location comes in the residential /semi urban zone. Here the SPM and PM10

concentrations were in the range of 121.3-185.3 µg/m3 and 36.4-65.4 µg/m3

respectively. The concentrations of SO2 and NOX were observed in the range of

4-7.1 µg/m3 and 9-12.9µg/m3 respectively. The CO values were observed in the

range of 0.52-1.11 ppm.

Mangur (A4)

This location comes within the residential zone. The concentrations of SPM and

PM10 at this location were in the range of 106.8-163.6 µg/m3 and 34.4-72.3

µg/m3 respectively. While the values of SO2 and NOX were observed in the

range of 6.7-13 µg/m3 and 13.6-21.7 µg/m3 respectively. The CO values were

observed in the range of 0.87-1.93 ppm.

Mankapur (A5)

The location comes under Non-Industrial Zone. The concentration of SPM

ranged from 140.9-168.8 µg/m3 while that of PM10 was in the range of 45.1-55.2

µg/m3. SO2 and NOx concentrations were in the range of 4-7.2 µg/m3 and 9-

14.6 µg/m3 respectively. The CO values were observed in the range of 0.47-1.20

ppm.

Sangaon Kasaba (A6)



The location comes under Non-Industrial Zone. The concentration of SPM

ranged from 107.9-164.7 µg/m3 while that of PM10 was in the range of 29.6-61.2

µg/m3. SO2 and NOx concentrations were in the range of 4-8.4 µg/m3 and 9-

16.2 µg/m3 respectively. The CO values were observed in the range of 0.52-1.11

ppm.

The summary of the monitoring results including minimum, maximum and

average levels along with the 98th percentile values are presented in Table 3.8.

The results obtained were compared for 24hrs average standards for residential

areas prescribed by the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS). The

National Ambient Air Quality Standards are presented in Table 3.9.

Table 3.8: National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS)

Sr.

No. Pollutant

Time Weighted

Average

Concentration in Ambient Air

(µg/m3 except indicated)

Industrial

Area

Residential,

Rural and

Other Areas

Sensitive

Area

1 Sulphur Dioxide

(SO2)

Annual Average * 80 60 15

24 Hours** 120 80 30

2 Oxides of

Nitrogen (NOx)


24 Hours** 120 80 30

3

Suspended

Particular Matter

(SPM)


24 Hours** 500 200 100

4

Respirable

Particular Matter

(RPM)


24 Hours** 150 100 75

5 Carbon

Monoxide (CO)

8 Hourly Average* 5.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3 1.0 mg/m3

1 Hour Average** 10.0

mg/m3 4.0 mg/m3 2.0 mg/m3

* Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year



taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform interval

** 24 hourly/8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year.

However, 2% of the time it may exceed but not on two consecutive

days

The salient observations of the results and their compliance to the 24 hourly

average NAAQ standards are as follows:

· The maximum concentration of SPM observed was 208.2 µg/m3 near

Project site. At all the monitoring stations average concentrations of

SPM values are well below the given permissible limits. The peak

PM10 value of 65.4 µg/m3 was also observed near Project site.

· The Sulphur Dioxide levels monitored at all the locations confirms to

the standards of 80 µg/m3, with highest value of 9.9 µg/m3 observed

Mharul village.

· The Oxides of Nitrogen levels monitored at all the locations also

complies with the stipulated standards of 80 µg/m3.

· The Carbon Monoxide levels also complied with the stipulated

standards of 2.0 mg/m3, The CO levels at all the locations were within

the stipulated limit.

·

3.5 NOISE ENVIRONMENT

The noise levels measurements were carried out using precision noise level

meter. The noise level survey was carried out at six locations, located within the

10 km radius of the mining site. The major source of noise identified in the study

area has been predominantly the vehicular movement, construction activities and

the transportation activities. Ambient noise levels have been also monitored in

residential and commercial areas.



3.5.1 Selection of Locations for Monitoring

Noise monitoring has been undertaken for the duration of 24 hrs at each location

to cover up all the periods of the day to establish the baseline noise levels and

assess the impact of the total noise generated by the operation of the proposed

project. The environment setting of each noise monitoring location is given in

Table 3.10 and depicted in Figure 3.7

Figure 3.4 Noise Level Monitoring Locations Map



Table 3.9: Details of Noise Monitoring Locations

Location

Code

Monitoring

Location

Distance

from Site

(km)

Direction

w.r.t. Site Criteria

N1 Project Site -- -- Industrial

N2 Hupari North-East 1.6 Residential

N3 Randivewadi South-west 4.0 Residential

N4 Mangur South-East 3.9 Residential

N5 Mankapur North-East 7.8 Residential

N6 Sangaon North-East 4.8 Residential

3.5.2 Instrument Used for Monitoring

Sound pressure level (SPL) measurements were automatically recorded with the

help of an Integrated Sound Level Meter to give the equivalent noise level for

every hour continuously for 24 hours in a day

3.5.3 Results

Equivalent noise levels viz., L day and L night, at the noise monitoring locations are

provided in Table 3.10 while noise standards are given in Table 3.11.

Table 3.10: Noise Monitoring Results in the Study area

Name of

Station

Noise Levels (dBA) Ambient Noise Standard (dBA)

Day Night Day Night Category

of area

Project site 48.8 38.7 75 70 Industrial

Sangavade 49.6 47.7 55 45 Residential

Pattan Kodoli 52.4 43.2 55 45 Residential

Ingali 65.3 53.9 55 45 Residential

Kagal 64.5 54.5 55 45 Commercial

Kasaba

Sangaon 63.5 51.0 55 45 Residential



From the monitoring survey of noise levels it was observed that the day time

noise levels were observed in the range of 48.8-65.3 dB(A). The higher noise

levels are due to vehicular traffic in the area. The night time noise levels

observed at all the 6 locations were found to be in the range of 38.7 – 61.7

dB(A), which are found to be within the night time standards prescribed for

residential, commercial, industrial zone.

Table 3.11: Ambient Noise Quality Standards

Category of

Area/Zone

Limits in dB(A) Leq*

Day Time Night Time

Industrial area 75 70

Commercial area 65 55

Residential area 55 45

Silence Zone 50 40

Day time shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to 10.00 p.m.

Night time shall mean from 10.00 p.m. to 6.00 a.m.

ü Silence zone is defined as an area comprising not less than 100 meters

around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones

are zones, which are declared as such by the competent authority.

ü Mixed categories of areas may be declared as one of the four above-

mentioned categories by the competent authority.

3.6 WATER ENVIRONMENT

Water quality of surface and ground water resources in core and buffer zone of

the study area has been studied for assessing the water environment.



Understanding of the water quality is essential in preparation of environmental

impact assessment and to identify critical issues with a view to suggest

appropriate mitigation measures for implementation.

The purpose of this study is to:

· Assess the water characteristics for critical parameters;

· Evaluate the impacts on agricultural productivity, habitat conditions,

recreational resources and aesthetics in the vicinity; and

· Prediction of impact on water quality by this project and related

activities.

The quality and quantity of ground water differ over area, as these depend on the

physical and chemical parameters and also on topographical and hydro

geological characteristics of the area.

3.6.1 Methodology

· Reconnaissance survey was undertaken and monitoring locations

were finalized based on:

· Drainage pattern;

· Likely areas, which can represent baseline conditions

Ground water samples were examined for physico-chemical and bacteriological

parameters in order to assess the effect of mining and other activities on surface

and groundwater. The samples were collected and analyzed as per the

procedures specified in ‘Standard Method for the Examination of Water and

Wastewater’ published by American Public Health Association (APHA).

Samples for chemical analysis were collected in polyethylene carboys. Samples

for bacteriological analysis were collected in sterilized glass bottles. Selected

physico-chemical and bacteriological parameters have been analyzed for

projecting the existing water quality status in the study area. Parameters like

Temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) and pH were analyzed at the time of

sample collection.



Surface Water sample was collected at Two locations within the study zone

these samples were taken as grab samples and were analyzed for various

parameters and compared with the standards IS: 10500. Details of Surface and

Ground water sampling locations are mentioned in Figure 3.8 and Table 3.13

Figure 3.5-Groundwater sampling site map of 10 km radius area around

Project Site



Figure 3.6: Surface water sampling site map of 10 km radius area around

Project Site

Table 3.12: Ground Water analysis Results



Sr.No

Parameters Ground Water

Unit Project

Site Mangure Barwa

d Dhonewadi Ingali

Standards

1. Color Unit Colorless Colorless

Colorless

Colorless

Colorless

Colorless

2. Odor

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionable

Unobjectionab

le

Unobjectionabl

e

Unobjectionab

le

Unobjectionable

3. Turbidity NTU 0.7 Nil Nil Nil Nil 5.0 NTU 4. Conductivity

ms/cm

620 micromhos

/cm

220 micromho

s/cm

224 micromhos/cm

210 micromhos/cm

221 micromhos/cm

------

5. pH 7.55 7.36 7.12 7.61 7.12

6.5 to 8.5

6. Total Dissolved Solids

mg/l 406 442 421 431 421 500 Max

7. Total Suspended solids

mg/l nil Nil Nil Nil Nil --

8. Total Hardness as CaCO3

mg/l 191 236 231 178 201 300 Max

9. Calcium as Ca

mg/l 58.35 61.35 58.6 16.5 55.4 75.0 Max

10. Magnesium as Mg mg/l 11.25 15.35 14.3 7 12.3

30.0 Max

11. Chlorides as Cl

mg/l 32.4 59.25 51.0 22.3 48.1 250 Max

12. Nitrate as NO3

mg/l 2 2.05 1.96 0.15 0.12 45.0 Max

13. Sulphate as SO4-2 mg/l 15.35 5.165 4.561 4.35 3.69 200 Max

14. Total Alkalinity mg/l 290 289.85 287.1 71.2 284.1 200 Max

15. Iron as Fe mg/l 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.3 Max 16. Fluoride as F- mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 1.0 Max 17. Arsenic as As

mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil 0.01 Max

18. COD mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil -- 19. BOD @ 27OC

for 3 days mg/l Nil Nil Nil Nil Nil --

20. Total Coliforms Nos/ Absent Absent Absen Absen Absen Absent

21. E-Coli Nos/ Absent Absent Absen Absen Absen Absent



The results of the ground water samples collected at Five different sites are given

in 3.14. The results for the ground water samples collected with the study area

and compared with standard limits as this well water is used for drinking

purposes as well as other recreational purposes.

As per IS 10500 standards the pH value are within the limits and varies from 7.12

to 7.61. Total dissolved solids were found between 421 to 442 mg/l and higher

value of TDS in the sample collected at project site (core zone area) as

compared to other samples. Calcium and Magnesium are observed to be in the

range of 16.5 to 61.35 mg/l and 7 to 15.35 mg/l respectively.

The Fluoride, Iron, Copper parameter analysis results were slightly more and it

was revealed that the parameters like Phenolic Compounds, Mercury, Barium,

Cadmium, Selenium, Salinity, Oil-Grease, Zinc, Nitrate, Chlorides values of the

various locations are within the prescribed limits

Table 3.13: Surface Water analysis Results

Sr. No Parameter Unit Limits as per

IS:2296-C

Dudhganga River

Rendal Lake

1 pH 7.7 8.0 2 Electrical

Conductivity mmhos/cm

NS 317.6 969.2

3 Chlorides (Cl-) Mg/l 600 68.3 101.9 4 Total Hardness mg/l NS 99.2 139.2 5 Total Alkalinity mg/l NS 117.4 412.2 6 Total Dissolved

Solids mg/l

1500 250.3 630.6

7 Sulphate (SO4-) mg/l 400 45.5 93.7

8 Iron (Fe+) mg/l 50 0.1 0.2 9 Fluoride (F-) mg/l 1.5 0.7 0.7

10 Calcium (Ca+) mg/l NS 31.9 43.7 11 Magnesium (Mg+) mg/l NS 10.5 11.6 12 Nitrates (NO3-) mg/l 50 7.0 5.6 13 Total suspended mg/l NS 76.4 83.7



solids 14 B O D mg/l 3 1.1 1.3 15 Dissolved Oxygen mg/l 4 (min) 4.9 4.4 16 Copper (Cu) mg/l 1.5 BDL BDL 17 Manganese (Mn) mg/l NS BDL BDL 18 Mercury (Hg) mg/l NS BDL BDL 19 Selenium (Se) mg/l 0.05 BDL BDL 20 Cyanide (CN) mg/l NS BDL BDL 21 Chromium (Cr+6) mg/l NS BDL BDL 22 Lead (Pb) mg/l NS BDL BDL 23 Zinc (Zn) mg/l NS BDL BDL 24 Aluminum (Al) mg/l NS BDL BDL 25 Cadmium (Cd) mg/l NS BDL BDL 26 Arsenic (As) mg/l 0.2 BDL BDL

Surface Water samples were collected at five locations within the study zone.

These samples were taken as grab sample and was analyzed for various

parameters and compared with the standards IS: 10500.

3.7 LAND ENVIRONMENT

3.7.1 Soil Environment

The term soil refers to the loose materials composed of weathered rock and

other minerals and also partly decayed organic matter that covers large parts of

the earth’s surface. Soil is an essential component of the terrestrial ecosystem.

Soil also acts as a medium of transport of various dissolved materials to the

underlying ground water. Hence the impact of the proposed activities on soil

needs to be understood for proper mitigation measure wherever required.

Soil formation is influenced mainly by climate, geology, relief and other biotic

interactions. Agriculture is the main occupation of the people in the study area.

Hence it is essential to identify the impacts in the study area on the soil

characteristics, which would affect the agricultural and afforestation potential.



Six locations as described in Table 3.16 were selected for soil sampling within

the study area of 10 km. At each location, soil samples were collected at a depth

of 30 cm. Samples were then packed in a polythene plastic bag and sealed.

Samples were transferred to laboratory for analysis and the results are presented

in Annexure VII. The map showing soil sampling locations in study area is

depicted in Figure 3.9



Figure 3.7 Soil Sampling Locations Map

Fig: Soil sampling site map of 5 km radius area around Project Site.

Table 3.14: Details of Soil Sampling Locations

Sr. No.

Locations Soil type Distance w. r. t.

project site Direction w. r. t.

project site

1 Project Site

Non Agriculture

0.0 --

2 Mangur Non

Agriculture 3.9 SE

3 Barwad Agriculture 6.0 SE 4 Dhonewadi Agriculture 6.5 NE 5 Ingali Agriculture 7.8 N



Table 3.15: Soil Analysis Results

Sr.

No. Parameters

Sangavade Pattan

Kodoli Ingali

Kagal Kasaba Unit

1. pH 6.2 6.03 6.1 6.7 6.5 -

2. Conductivity 4.50 4.6 4.60 4.54 4.5 Ms/sec

3. Chlorine(Cl) ND ND ND ND ND Mg/ltr

4. Sulphate(SO4) 100 102 102 102 102 Mg/ltr

5. Nitrogen(N) 32.0 32.5 32.5 32.5 32.5 Mg/ltr

6. Phosphorous(P) 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2 42.2 Mg/ltr

7 Potassium(K) 71 72 72 72 72 Mg/ltr

8 Sodium (Na) 194 197 197 197 197 Mg/ltr

9 Iron(Fe) 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 Mg/ltr

10 Calcium(Ca) 46.0 46.4 46.4 46.4 46.4 Mg/ltr

11 Magnesium(Mg) 56.1 56.4 56.4 56.4 56.4 Mg/ltr

12 Oil & Greece ND ND ND ND ND Mg/ltr

The soil pH was observed in the range of 6.3-6.7, suggesting that the soil in this

area is normal. The soil appeared light brown to black in colour and all soil

samples have slit loam structures.

Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC) assessments measure the soluble salts in the

soil. EC of soil depend upon the porosity, water content, salinity level, cation

exchange rate and temperature. The EC of soils was observed in the range of

4.5-4.6 mmhos/cm. Heavy metals are found in less amount in the soil samples.

The Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) of a soil refers to the amount of positively

charged ions which can be held by soil. When dissolved in water, the nutrients

are either positively charged or negatively charged. Examples of positively

charged ions (cations) include: calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), potassium

(K+), sodium (Na+), hydrogen (H+) and ammonium (NH4+). Soils contain slightly



excessive negative charge sites on it due to the presence of organic matter. Thus

higher the organic matter content, higher is the CEC of the soil.

Good concentration of Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium like elements

present in the soil is indicating good soil.

3.7.2 Remote Sensing and GIS Study

Remote Sensing is a process of identification and demarcation of various

earths’ objects from a distance without directly coming into contact with them.

Remote sensing is largely concerned with the measurement of electromagnetic

radiation from the sun, which is reflected, scattered, and emitted by the objects

on the surface of the earth. Different objects on the surface of the earth reflect

different amounts of the electromagnetic spectrum. The potential of remote

sensing in natural resources mapping basically depends on spatial, radiometric

and temporal resolution of the sensor. Thus the satellite remote sensing with its

capability of repetitive coverage, multi-spectral imaging, synoptic view and low

cost can play an important role in the delineation of various landuse/ landcover

classes.

Land cover is a fundamental parameter describing the Earth’s surface.

This parameter is a considerable variable that impacts on and links many parts of

the human and physical environments. Remote sensing technique has ability to

represent of land cover categories by means of classification process. With the

availability of multispectral remotely sensed data in digital form and the

developments in digital processing, remote sensing supplies a new prospective

for land-cover/land-use analysis. Geographical Information Systems have

already been used for assessing environmental problems, since they provides a

flexible environment and a powerful tool for the manipulation and analysis of

spatial information for land cover feature identification and the maps of all

variables were combined to extract information to better understand analyzing.

Satellite remote sensing, in conjunction with geographic information systems, has

been widely applied and been recognized as a powerful and effective tool in



analyzing land cover/use categories This study made use of remotely sensed

data and GIS technologies; to evaluate qualitatively and quantitatively outcome

of part of dist. Kolhapur land cover/use distribution. Obtained results were

compared, visualized and analyzed, in Geographic Information System.

The project site is having latitudes 16°36'13.15"N and longitudes

74°24'6.303"E. The 10 km radius area around project site is having latitudes

16°30'50.205"N to 16°41'39.775"N and longitudes 74°18'36.918"E to

74°29'48.569"E.

Software and Hardware

Satellite Data: RESOURCESAT-2 cloud free data has been used for Landuse /

landcover analysis.

Satellite Sensor – RESOURCESAT-2 LISS- III

Path and Row – Path 97 Row 61 Resolutions - 23.5 m.

Date of Pass: 8 Jan 2014

Ancillary Data:

PC based GIS and image-processing software’s are used for the purpose of

image classification and for delineating drainage and other features in the study

area. Number of peripheral devices such as scanner, plotter, printer etc. has also

been interfaced with the system.

Objectives:

· Delineation of Landuse/ Landcover categories at 10 km radius area

around Project site.

Methodology:

The multispectral data obtained from sensors, due to its synoptic view and revisit

capability, can effectively be used for continuous monitoring of land surface. The

spatial, spectral and radiometric resolutions are the three primary factors in the

estimation of various landuse/landcover classes.

The satellite data is then taken into a hard disk and then converted in the

standard false colour composite by assigning blue, green and red to green, red



and near infra red band respectively. Image enhancement has been done by the

technique called histogram stretching between the ranges of 0-255, as the data

content is 8-bit. Applying formulae derived by modeling the sources of distortions

in order to correct the systematic distortions such as earth curvature carried out

rectification and registration of satellite data. The random distortions were

corrected using well distributed ground control points occurring in raw data. To

achieve planimetric accuracy, the remote sensing scene was rectified with

respect to SOI maps on 1: 50,000 scales. The GCP’s in the scene such as

railroad intersections, corners of water reservoirs, bunds, etc. were identified on

the image as well as on the reference map. Third order model was constructed

and finally registration of image was carried out with nearest neighborhood

resampling taking map as reference and one map registration was achieved.

Then the subset of image has been taken according to the boundary of

the study area. The digital classification technique has been used for the

extraction of the landuse/landcover information from the imagery. Eight different

landuse/landcover classes have been identified in the area under study. Table

shows the information about the extent of landuse/landcover classes in the study

area.



Fig.3.8. Satellite Image of 10 km radius area around Project Site.

Landuse/ Landcover Classes Details:

Satellite data for Rabi season was classified using supervised classification

technique. Maximum likelihood algorithm classifier was used for the analysis. The

scenes were individually classified and then were integrated to get a composite

classified output where information from Rabi season is available. A truth table was

generated taking 0.95 as the conversion threshold. After aggregation, the final

classified output was converted in raster format. The image was then converted in

raster format, which is understood by GIS. Eight landuse/landcover classes identified

in total 10 km radius area around Project Site. The area under each class has been

calculated and given below.

.



Table 3.16: Landuse/ Landcover Statistics of the Ten Km radius Area.

Sr. No.

LAND USE AREA (Ha)

AREA (%)

1 Built-Up Land

Settlements 1844.37 5.86

2 Water Bodies

Tank/River/Dry Reservoir etc.

457.2 1.45

3 Forest

Vegetation 255.87 0.81

4 Crop Land

Irrigated crop land 8908.65 28.29

Fallow land 11311.47 35.93

5 Waste Lands

Land with scrub 5357.88 17.02

Land without scrub 3349.37 10.64

Total 31484.81 100.00

Fig.3.9Landuse/landcover map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.



Digital Cartographic Database preparation in GIS

GIS is an integrated information system having capability to capture, store, edit,

manipulate, analyze and retrieve all types of spatial and non-spatial information

about a particular area. The advent of electronics and computing techniques coupled

with the development of GIS has increased the potential of creating and maintaining

databases using geographical space as the key field. The database can be used for

speedier monitoring, assessment, planning, and management of various aspects of

natural resources.

Comprehensive GIS based database was generated for the study area that

comprises of the following data sets. Resource data such as landuse from remote

sensing data, soil map, geology, water bodies, surface and ground water sampling

locations, drainage, contour.

The methodology used for database preparation involves the following steps

Data Input:



The function of data input is to convert the existing data from one into another that

can be used in GIS. Georeferenced data are commonly provided as maps, satellite

images, and associated attributes.

· Sampling location Maps: Maps having sampling locations for Surface

water, Ground water and Air sample were also prepared through GIS.

3.7.3 Drainage

· Drainage Map: Drainage layer, which was generated after scanning the

thematic manuscripts, was edited for line the errors. Two different layers were

made separately for line drainage. Drainage order was given to all the drain

lines in the layer‘s. Strahler method of ordering was used for giving order to

drainage. Whenever two drains of any order joined the order of next drain was

increase by one. The study area has an order of fourth. River name also

attached as attribute to drainage layer. All the water bodies and river with

sufficient width were put in polygon layer.

The area shows not much of undulating topography thus it shows the

Dendritic drainage patterns.



Figure 3.10: Drainage map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.

3.7.4 Contour

· Contour – Thematic manuscript for contour layer was generated from Survey

of India toposheet at 1:50,000 scale. After scanning coverage was generated.

Coverage was edited to remove all errors of dangle. Attribute value was given

to each contour in the coverage.



Figure 3.11: Contour map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.

3.8 BIOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT

3.8.1 Objectives of study

The study was undertaken with a view to understand the status of ecosystem along

the following line

Ø To assess nature and distribution of the vegetation in the area

Ø Generation of primary data to understand baseline status of floral and faunal

elements

3.8.2 Methods adopted for the study

To achieve the objectives, general ecological survey covering an area around the

proposed project site was carried out in the month of November.

Ø General field visit on site and closed vicinity area

Ø Reconnaissance Survey

Ø Information from local peoples and forest department



3.8.3 Observations and Results

(A) Flora:

The floral study was conducted in the study area during the month of Dec 2014 to

Feb 2014. The floral diversity in the area is described in Table. During this survey

total 36 plant species comprising of 15 Tree species, 5 climber species, 3 shrub

species and 13 herb species were recorded. These plants are the common habitant

in the project area.

Table 3.17: List of flora available in study area

Sr. No

Name of Species

Vernacular name Family

Phenology

Habitat

Distribution

1. Mangifera

indica Amba Anacardiaceae January - May

Evergreen and semi-evergreen forests and also widely cultivated

Indo-Malesia

2. Terminalia

arjuna Arjun Combrataceae November - June

Dry Deciduous

forests

India and Sri Lanka

3. Bridelia retusa Asana Euphorbiaceae August –

December

Semi-evergreen

and deciduous

forests, also in the

plains

Indo-Malaya

4. Morinda tinctoria Ashi Rubiaceae March -

June

Moist and dry

deciduous forests,

also in the plains

Indo-Malesia

5. Thespesia populnea Bhendi Malvaceae March -

June

Grown as fence-

posts and avenue

tree, also in

mangrove forests

Pantropical

6. Ziziphus mauritiana Bor Rhamnaceae February –

April

Dry deciduous

forests, Paleotropics



also planted in the plains

7. Tamarindus indica Chinch Fabaceae February –

April Cultivated

Native of Tropical Africa;

introduced and widely grown in India and

other parts of tropics

8. Terminalia

catapa Deshi badam Combrataceae March –

January

Grown as ornamental

tree

Malaysia to North

Australia and

Polynesia, commonly planted in the tropics

9. Grewia

tiliaefolia Dhaman Tiliaceae February -

June

Moist deciduous

forests

Tropical Africa, India

to Indo-China

10. Acacia

auriculiformis Kadambo Fabaceae Throughout the year

Grown as avenue

tree, also raised in

plantations

Native of Tropical Australia

11. Azadiracta

indica Kadulimb Meliaceae February – September

Dry deciduous

forests, also widely

planted

Indo-Malesia

12. Cocus

nucifera Naral Arecaceae Throughout the year Cultivated

Cultivated throughout the tropics

13. Ficus

religiosa Pimpal Moraceae November - February

Widely planted in tem

ple premises

East Himalayas; planted and naturalised in India and

neighbouring

14. Samanea

saman Rat-shirish Fabaceae March – May

Grown as avenue

tree

Native of Central and

South America;

widely planted in



the tropics as avenue

tree

15. Tectona grandis Sag Verbanaceae

May – January

Moist deciduous

forests, also raised

in plantations

South and South East

Asia

CLIMBERS

Sr. No.

Name of Species

Vernacular Name Family

Phenology

Habitat

Distribution

1. Mikania

micrantha

Bittervine Asteraceae February –

April

Forest plantations and also in the plains in moist localities

Pan-tropical

2. Ipomia

muricata Bhovari convolvulaceae October Cultivated

as vegetable

Native of tropical

Africa and Asia

3. Momordica

dioica Kantoli Cucurbitaceae July - December

Deciduous and semi-evergreen

forests, also in the

plains

Indo-Malesia and

China

4. Mucana prurita Khaj-kuili Fabaceae

October – February

In secondary forests at

low altitudes, also in the

plains

India, Myanmar and Sri Lanka

5. Vigna radiata

Jungle moong Fabaceae August -

December

Mostly under

cultivation, also

naturalised in the plains

Paleotropics

SHRUBS



Sr. No.

Name of Species


Phenology

Habitat

Distribution

1. Lantana camera Lantana Verbenaceae April - June

Introduced as

ornamental plant; now naturalised

as weed

Native of Tropical America,

widely naturalised

in the tropics and subtropics

2. Calotropis gigantea Rui Aslepiadaceae Throughtout

the year Wastelands Tropical Asia

3. Hibiscus

subdariffa ambadi Malvaceae December -

February

Cultivated as

vegetable, but now

naturalised

Native of Tropical Africa; widely

cultivated in all tropics regions

HERBS

Sr No

Name of Species


Phenolo

gy

Habitat

Distributi

on

1. Achyranthe

s aspera Aghada Amaranthaceae

October - March

Dry deciduous forests

and forest plantations, also in the plains

Pantropical

2. Solanum surattense Bhuiringani Solanaceae

August - Novemb

er

Degraded forest areas, also

along roadsides

and wastelan

ds

India, Himalaya, South East

Asia, Malesia, Australia, Polynesia

3. Physalis minima

Choti phulwa Solanaceae

July –Decemb

er

Degraded forests

and waste places

Tropical Asia,

Africa and Australia

4 Ephorbia

hirta Dudhi Euphorbiaceae

Throughout the

Degraded forest

Native of Tropical



year areas and forest

plantations, also in the plains

America; now

Pantropical

5. Alternanthra sessilis Kacheri Amaranthac

eae

Throughout the year

Along sides of water

courses and

marshy areas

Pantropical

6. Triumfetta rhomloidea Jhinjhira Tiliaceae August -

January

Degraded deciduous forests,

also in the plains

Pantropical

7. Aeschyom

mene indica

Bhatsola Fabaceae August - Decemb

er

Moist deciduous forests

and waterlogged areas

in the plains

Pantropics, probably native in

South East United States

8. Tridax

procumbens

kambarmodi Asteraceae

Throughout the year

Deciduous forests,

also waste

lands in the plains

Native of Tropical America;

now widesprea

d throughout tropics and subtropics

9. Aerva lanata

Kapurmadhuri

Amaranthaceae

Sepetmber – April

Deciduous forests

and waste

lands in the plains

Widespread in the

tropics and subtropics

10 Commelina benghalen

sis kena

Commelinaceae

July -Novemb

er

Wastelands, also

in deciduous forests

Africa, India, China,

Japan and Malesia

11 Celosia argentea kurdu Amaranthac

eae

November -

December

Weed in cultivated areas and wastelan

Cosmopolitan



ds

12 Mimosa pudica Lajalu Fabaceae July -

January Weed in

the plains

Native of South

America; now

Pantropical

13 Urena lobata vanbhendi Malvaceae

August - Decemb

er

Degraded forests, also in

the plains

Pantropical

Conclusion: - There is no flora species existing at site which are in the red list

species category.

Fauna: The faunal study was conducted in the study area during the month of March

2013 to May 2013 The faunal diversity in the area is described in Table. Inquiry was

made with the villagers in the concerned cluster regarding availability of wildlife

fauna in the study area. The faunal diversity is very meager, only common species of

mammals, birds and reptiles are available in the study area. No any wildlife

Sanctuary or National Park is present in this study area.



Table 3.18: List of fauna available in study area

1. Mammals:

Common Name Scientific Name Habitat IUCN Status

Indian palm squirrel Funambulus palmarum

Plantation Least Concern

2. Avian Fauna Common Name Scientific name Habitat IUCN

Status House crow Corvus splendens Plantation, habitation Least

Concern Common myna Acridotheres tristis Plantation Least

Concern Black drongo Dicrurus

macrocercus Plantation Least

Concern Black-headed oriole Oriolus xanthornus Tropical moist-

deciduous biotope:light forest, plantations, village groves, gardens

Least Concern

Lesser coucal Centropus bengalensis

Scrub jungle and tall grassland

Least Concern

Common myna Acridotheres tristis Plantation Least Concern

Common buzzard Buteo buteo Sailing flight over tree top

Least Concern

Red whiskered bulbul Pycnonotus jocosus

Plantation, shrubs Least Concern

Red-vented bulbul Pycnonotus cafer Cultivation, Scrubs Least Concern

Black kite Milvis migrans Urban localities Least Concern

Large pied wagtail Motacilla maderaspatensis

Streams, grasses, irrigation reservoirs

Least Concern

3. Butterfly/insects

Species Observed

Scientific name Habitat

Dot dash sergent Athyma kanwa Scrub, plantation, habitation

Blue tiger Tirumala limniace Hills, plains, not in desserts and at high altitude, gardens

Common Indian crow

Eupoloea core Among milkweed butterflies, this is most abundantly found, Mountains till 8000 feet, occasionally it swarms in the low, wet, jungles



Common evening brown

Melanitis leda Very common throughout India, except in the arid northwest

Common grass yellow

Eurema hecabe Scrub, plantation, habitation

4. Reptilian fauna

Species Observed Scientific name Habitat Status Common garden lizard

Calotes versicolor

Occupies all biotopes from dry desert to thick forest, Indian subcontinent

It is commonest agamid lizard of India

5. Amphibian fauna

Common name Scientific name Habitat Status Asian Common Toad Bufo

melanostictus Home in almost all biotopes found in India, commonest among Indian species

commonest among Indian species and also the amphibian most likely to be seen

Conclusion: - There is no fauna species existing at site which are in the red list

species category.

Reference:

1. “The Book of Indian Birds” Thirteenth Edition 2012 by Salim Ali, Bombay

Natural History Society

2. “The Book of Indian Reptiles and Amphibians” 2002 by J. C. Daniel,

Bombay Natural History Society.

3. Discussions with local people

3.9 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT

Socio-economic status of the population is the indicator of the change in the life style

due to the developmental activities taking place in that region. Any developmental

project will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area. This section

delineates the overall appraisal of the socially relevant attributes like facilities and

amenities, occupational structure, social structure etc. The collected information will

be used to realise any change in present socio-economic status of area in Kolhapur

District.



The villages which appears within the 10 km radius circle from the centre of the

existing Sugar & Cogen unit are considered for socioeconomic study.

Village layer was prepared from SOI toposheet at 1:50,000 scale, 10 km radius area

around the project site. After scanning the manuscript layer was prepared. The point

layer was prepared. Errors were removed after editing the layer.

· Village Map: Village layer was prepared from SOI toposheet at 1:50,000

scale, 10 km radius area around the project site. After scanning the

manuscript layer was prepared. The point layer was prepared. Errors were

removed after editing the layer.

Figure 3.12: Village map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.



· Accessibility Map: Major Road and Railway network layer was prepared from

SOI toposheet at 1:50,000 scale 10 km radius area around the project site.

After scanning the manuscript layer was prepared. Errors were removed after

editing the layer. Attributes were given to different types of road and railway.

Figure 3.13: Accessibility map of 10 km radius area around Project Site.

3.9.1 Social Profile

Social and economical consideration is basic in the man-made environment. Any

human activity is undertaken for a sole objective of economic benefit to the human

society. In other words if the socio-economic impact is not positively beneficial, one

will not enter into that activity at all. It is, therefore, worthwhile to make a socio-

economic impact assessment (SIA) in advance before deciding on commencement

of the activity. SIA is done honestly, keeping the following framework.



6.11 Other safety Measures

Considering that fire and explosion is the most likely hazard in such installations, the

plant is being provided with systems to guard against such hazards. Salient among

these are:-

Ø A proper layout to prevent and minimize the effects of any hazardous situation

Ø Design of storage vessels and all components to codes and standards to

withstand the rigorous duty

Ø Provision of operating systems to conduct the process through well-

established safe operating procedures

Ø A control system, which monitors all plant parameters and give alarms

Ø Control system, which has trip provisions to prevent hazard conditions

escalating

Ø A gas detection system which will provide early warning of any leaks

Ø Provision of a fire protection system to control fire

Ø Provision of flame-proof lighting system in the fire prone areas

6.12 Proposed First Aid And medical Facilities

The First Aid Medical Centre has been proposed. It will be fully equipped with

emergency facilities. It will be open round the clock. A Medical Officer with

Compounder will always be available in the centre. Emergency cars will be available

in all the shifts. Adequate number of first aid boxes will be kept at strategic locations.

Required stock of first aid medicines will be maintained. Trained first aiders will be

available in all departments. Facilities to be kept in the Medical Room along with

others will include: Oxygen Cylinders, Injection Corarnine, Glucose Saline, LV. Sets,

Syringes, Injection Needles, Stretchers and medicines.

6.13 Proposed Emergency Power Supply



Strategic areas will be provided with emergency lights fed through station battery

system. Portable emergency lamps will be also available at required points. A Diesel

Driven Generator of adequate capacity will be available to keep the operations

running in case of power failure. Diesel Engine operated fire pumps will be available.

6.14 Off Site Emergency Plan Objective

If the effects of the accident or disaster inside the plant are felt outside its premises,

it calls for an off-site emergency plan, which should be prepared and documented in

advance in consultation with the District Authorities.

Key Personnel

The ultimate responsibility for the management of the off-site emergencies rests on

the Collector / District Magistrate / Deputy Commissioner. He will be assisted by

representatives from all concerned organizations, departments and services at the

District level. This core group of officers would be called the District Crisis

Management Group (CMG). The members of the group will include:

v Collector/District Magistrate Deputy Commissioner

v Commissioner of Police

v Municipal Commissioner, if municipalities are involved

v Deputy Director, Health

v Pollution Control Board Representative

An Operation Response Group (ORG) will then have to be constituted to implement

the directives of the CMG. The various government departments, some or all of

which will be concerned, depending on the nature of the emergency, could include:

Ø Police

Ø Health & Family Welfare

Ø Medical

Ø Revenue

Ø Fire Service

Ø Transport

Ø Electricity

Ø Animal Husbandry

Ø Agriculture



Ø Civil Defense

Ø PWD

Ø Civil Supplies

Ø Panchayats

The SC and IC, of the on-site emergency team, will also be responsible for

communications with the CMG during the off-site emergency.

Education to Public

People living within the influence zone should be educated on the emergency in a

suitable manner. This can be achieved only through the Local and District

Authorities. However, the Project Authority will extend necessary information to the

Authorities.

* * * * *



CHAPTER – 7

Project Benefits

7.0 Benefits

M/s. Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakar Karkhana Ltd. has proposed expansion of

sugar plant from 7500 TCD to 12000 TCD at Kallappanna Awadenagar, Hupari

Hatkanangale Taluka, Kolhapur district, Maharashtra state. This project development

will give rise to social and economic development measures in the study area.

7.1 Improvement in Physical Infrastructure

The Enhancement project is expected to yield a positive impact on the socio-

economic environment. It helps in sustainable development of this area including

further development of physical Infrastructural facilities. The following physical

infrastructure facilities will improve due to proposed project:-

Ø Road Transport facilities

Ø Educational facilities

Ø Water supply and sanitation

7.2 Improvement in Social Infrastructure

The Enhancement project will lead to direct and indirect employment opportunity.

Employment is expected during civil construction period, in trade, garbage lifting,

sanitation, plantation works and other ancillary services. Employment in these

sectors will be primarily temporary or contractual and involvement of unskilled labour

will be more. This will enhance their income and lead to overall economic growth of

the area. The following changes in socio-economic status are expected to take place

with this project.

The project will have a strong positive employment and income effect, both direct as

well as indirect because of better indirect employment opportunities due to this

project. The project is going to have positive impact on consumption behavior by way

of raising average consumption and income through multiplier effect. The project is

going to bring about changes in the pattern of demand from food to non-food items



and sufficient income is generated. Following development of social infrastructures

will be carried out:.

ü Education facilities

ü Banking facilities

ü Post offices and Communication facilities

ü Medical facilities

ü Recreation facilities

ü Business establishments

ü Community facilities

7.3 Places of Historical Importance

There is no historical or archaeological monument within 10 km of the area.

Industrial development and consequent economic development will lead to

improvement in the living standards of the people and enhanced social awareness.

On the other hand, the Enhancement project is likely to have several benefits like

improvement in indirect employment generation and economic growth of the area, by

way of improved infrastructure facilities and better socio-economic conditions.

7.4 Other Tangible Benefits

The Expansion project is likely to have other tangible benefits as given below:-

Ø Indirect employment opportunities to local people in contractual works like

housing construction, transportations, sanitation, for supply of goods and services

to the project and other community services;

Ø Additional housing demand for rental accommodation will be increased;

Ø Market and business establishment facilities will be also increased; Cultural,

recreation and aesthetic facilities will be improved;

Ø Improvement in communication, transport, education, community development

and medical facilities.

* * * * *



Chapter – 8

Environmental Management Plan

8.0 Introduction

The Environment Management Plan describes both generic good practice measures

and site-specific measures so as to mitigate potential impacts associated with the

proposed activities. The Environmental Management Plan (EMP) of the Expansion

plant with respect to noise, air quality, water quality, solid waste, ecology, landscape

socio-economic measure are summarized below:- The EMP provides a delivery

mechanism to address potential adverse impacts and to introduce standards of good

practice to be adopted for all project works. For each stage of the program, the EMP

lists all the requirements to ensure effective mitigation of every potential

environmental attribute and socio-economic impacts. For each impact type during

construction and operation the following information is presented:-

v A comprehensive listing of the mitigation measures (actions) that are needed

to implement;

v The parameters that will be monitored to ensure effective implementation of

the action;

v The timing for implementation of the action to ensure that the objectives of

mitigation are fully met.

8.1 Environmental Management Plan during Construction Phase

8.1.1 Air Environment

The setting up of expansion project from 7500 to 12000 TCD of Sugar Plant would

result in increase of dust concentrations due to fugitive dust. Frequent water

sprinkling in the vicinity of the construction sites would be undertaken and will be

continued after the completion of plant construction, as there is scope for heavy truck

mobility. It will be ensured that both petrol and diesel powered vehicles are properly

maintained to comply with exhaust emission requirements.

8.1.2 Noise Environment There will be marginal increase in noise levels during

construction phase, which is temporary and intermittent.



8.1.3 Water Environment

During construction, provision for infra-structural services including water supply,

sewage, drainage facilities and electrification will be made.

8.1.4 Land Environment

Any hazardous material required for constructional activity will be stored as per

safety norms. Further construction site will be provided with suitable toilet and

treatment facilities etc for maintaining hygienic conditions.

8.1.5 Socio-economic Environment

Any construction activity will benefit the local population in a number of ways. The

company management will give preference to local eligible people through both

direct and indirect employment. It will provide ample opportunity to the locals to up-

lift their living standards by organizing events that propagate mutual benefits to all,

such as health camps, awareness campaigns, donations to poorer sections of

society and down-trodden.

8.1.6 Safety and Health

Adequate space will be provided for construction of temporary sheds for construction

workers mobilized by the contractors. M/s JSSSKL will take care of supply of potable

water for the construction workers. The safety department will supervise the safe

working of the contractor and their employees. Work spots will be maintained clean,

provided with optimum lighting and enough ventilation to eliminate dust/fumes. A

comprehensive Occupational Health and Safety management plan is put in place to

address any sort of eventuality.

8.2 Environmental Management Plan during Operations Phase

8.2.1 Air Environment

The major pollutants emerged due to Sugar Plant and Cogeneration Plant operations

are suspended particulate matter (SPM), fine particulate matter (PM10& PM2.5),

Sulphur dioxide (SO2) and Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx).



Ø All sources of dust generation in the Sugar Plant with Cogeneration Plant

shall be well designed for producing minimum dust and shall be provided with

high efficiency Bag filters and Wet Scrubber.

Ø Particulate Matter emission level from the stack chimney will be less than 50

mg/Nm3 and the stack height is 72m and 75m

Ø SO2 concentration will be negligible as the bagasse will be used as fuel for

boiler.

Ø The periodic evaluation for the efficiency performance of Wet Scrubber will be

carried out.

Ø For controlling fugitive dust, in hopper, reclaimer, conveyors, silos etc. bag

filters shall be installed.

Ø Fugitive emissions due to storage, transportation, etc. and the leakages and

spillages shall be continuously monitored and controlled.

Ø Water conservation measures shall be undertaken for effective

implementation. Cooling water is put into closed circuit to minimize the

evaporation losses.

Ø Thermal insulation will be provided wherever necessary to minimize heat

radiation from the equipment, piping etc., to ensure protection of personnel.

8.2.2 Noise Environment

ü All rotating items are well lubricated and provided with enclosures as far as

possible to reduce noise.

ü The design features of machineries shall be provided to ensure low noise

levels in the working areas.

ü Extensive vibration monitoring system will be provided to check and reduce

vibrations. Allfans, compressors etc., are provided with vibration isolators to

reduce vibration and noise.

ü Noise generating equipment including fans, blowers, pumps, motors etc, will

be running with speed less than 1500 rpm and reduce noise levels.

ü Provision for silencers wherever possible.

ü Green belt development will be done and it will act as noise reducers.



ü Requisite enclosures will also be provided on the working platform/areas to

provide local protection in high noise level areas.

ü All heavy earthmoving equipment will be kept in a well maintained condition.

ü Proper lubrication and house equipment will be kept in better condition

ü Necessary PPE will be provided such as ear plugs, ear muffs etc.

By these measures, it is anticipated that noise levels in the plant will be maintained

within the permissible limits at the boundary of the plant premises. Plantation on the

periphery of the plant would further attenuate noise levels.

8.2.3 Solid Waste Management

Dry fly ash and furnace bottom ash

Fly ash collected from the Wet Scrubber and the ash collected from the furnace

bottom hoppers can be used as landfill. The ash content in bagasse is less than 2%.

The total fly ash 29 TPD will be used as a landfill. The high potash content in the

bagasse ash makes the ash as good manure.

Sewage from various buildings in the plant

Sewage from various buildings in the plant area will be conveyed though separate

drains to the septic tank. The effluent from septic tank will be disposed in soil by

providing disposing trenches. There will be no ground pollution because of leaching

due to this. Sludge will be used as manure for green belt development.

8.2.4 Water and Wastewater Management

Continuous efforts would be made to reduce the water consumption and thereby to

reduce the wastewater generation. Flow meters would be installed for all major water

inlet and the flow rates would be continuously monitored. Periodic water audits would

be conducted to explore the possibilities for minimization of water consumption.

Water will be drawn from Krishna River to meet the plant consumptive water

requirement. Considering the quality of water, the Cycle of Concentration (COC) of

the cooling tower is considered as 1.5.



Waste water Management

The treated water quantity will be used for dust suppression. Water Pollution control

measures to be undertaken are given as under:-

v No trade effluent shall be discharged from the Plants

v Cooling water is put into closed circuit to minimize the evaporation losses

v The domestic sewages from the Plants, Sugar Plant with Cogeneration Unit

and Township shall be treated in the Sewage Treatment Plant to meet the

Statutory scharge Norms and the treated sewage shall be used for Green

Belt;

v No percolation of treated water to deep ground water table is done.

v Periodical monitoring for specific parameters shall be done regularly.

v Rainwater harvesting structures shall also be developed as proposed from the

roof tops of Plants as well as Township areas to supplement the water supply

from the river.

Wastewater treatment

Waste water treatment for the plant will be based on discharges of the various

effluents to ponds for clarification and filtration. Oily water will be treated separately

to remove oil/grease before discharge into effluent ponds. The oily water collection in

the plant is basically due to floor cleaning, leaky oil filters, etc. Clarification is used to

settle out large suspended particles and condition smaller colloidal particles to make

them settle. A pond, reservoir tank or tank is used to allow larger particles to settle in

a matter of hours. The finer particles overflow and are made to settle more quickly by

the addition of chemical agents, coagulants and polymers that cause agglomeration

to sizes large enough to settle out of suspension. As required and with approvals

from appropriate regulating bodies, final waste stream pH is controlled by combining

various plant streams to provide a neutral pH product. Where needed, acid or alkali

addition will be used to achieve the final pH.

Final Disposal of the wastewater

The treated effluent from the effluent tank will be used for horticulture and green belt

development within the plant.

Monitoring of Wastewater Treatment



The treated effluent would be monitored regularly for the flow rate and quality to

identify any deviations in performance of Effluent treatment plant.

Thermal Pollution Management

A closed circuit cooling water system with cooling towers is present in the existing

area. This eliminates the letting out of high temperature water into the canals and

prevents thermal pollution. Blow down from the cooling tower will be trenched out

and ultimately conveyed to the effluent ponds. Hence, there is no separate pollution

on account of blow down from cooling water system.

8.4 Rain Water harvesting System

Rain Water harvesting System The rain (storm) water from the building roofs, non-

process area and grade level surfaces will be directed through the rain water

harvesting structures and excess water will be directed through open drains to the

storm drainage system. The storm water from the storm drainage system will be

discharged outside the plant boundary. All drains will be lined and will be arranged to

provide the shortest possible drainage path for efficient drainage. Rainwater

Harvesting System (RWHS) designs and construction details are given below.

Figure: 8.1 Rainwater Harvesting Structure



The plant may have an in-house environmental laboratory for the routine monitoring

of air, water, soil and noise. For all non-routine analysis, the plant may utilize the

services of external laboratories and facilities. Surface Area Rainwater Harvesting

The unit is proposed rain water harvesting by way of surface run-off. Surface area =

244413.94 m2 Annual rainfall = 595mm Considering Runoff co-efficient as 0.6 Total

water recharged by harvesting = (Area X Annual Rainfall X Runoff coefficient for

surface) = 244413.94 x 0.595m x 0.6 Total water recharged by harvesting = 87255.7

m3

Roof top Rainwater Harvesting

Rainwater Harvesting scheme is proposed and will be sought for suitable place

within the premises. The unit is proposed to rain water harvesting by way of

capturing run-off from rooftops. The basic concept of harvesting rainwater is simple.

Rainwater is mostly collected from the roofs of buildings. It flows by gravity through

gutters and downspouts into a storage tank. Roof top area = 64,237.058 m2 Annual

rainfall = 900 mm Considering Runoff co-efficient as 0.85 Total water recharged by

harvesting = (Area X Annual Rainfall X Runoff coefficient for roof top) = 64,237.058

m2 x 0.900 m x 0.85 Total water recharged by harvesting = 49,141.34 m3



Figure: 8.2 Rooftop Rain Water Recharge

Figure: 8.3 Design of Trench cum Injection Wells

The recharging pit i.e., the bottom basin of the recharging pit will be of size

15mx15mx4.5m deep. The bottom basin will consist of many nos. of 100 mm dia

PVC perforated pipes installed upto the sand strata depth from the basin bed level.

The perforated pipes will be wrapped with coir, so that the water is filtered while



passing to the ground. Hand rails will be provided to the recharging pit at the top

bench with hard footpath for safety purpose.

8.5 Housekeeping

Salient features of housekeeping will be adopted are as follows:-

v Mechanized cleaning of roads and floor area inside the plant premises by

using road sweeper and mobile vacuum cleaner on regular basis;

v Training on regular basis to all workers and staff about the importance of

cleanliness;

v Careful garbage transportation to dumping site and disinfection of transport

vehicles body;

v Decorative plantation and gardening to improve aesthetics of the plant; and

v Construction of suitably designed drains all along the roads and boundary of

the plant premises.

8.6 Occupational Health & Safety

During operation stage, dust causes the main health hazard. Other health hazards

are due to gas cutting, welding, noise and high temperature and micro ambient

conditions especially near the boiler and platforms, which may lead to adverse

effects (Heat cramps, heat exhaustion and heat stress reaction) leading to local and

systemic disorders.

Table – 8.1 Health Evaluation schedule: Frequency of Periodical Examination

of Occupational Health

Occupation Type of evaluation Frequency

Pre-placement Cane Crushing Area Chest X-ray, spirometry

and vision testing

Every 5 years to age <30;

Every 4 years to age 31-

40; and every 2 years to



age 41-50;

Sugar Process Area&

Cogeneration Area

Chest X-ray, spirometry

and vision testing



40; and every 2 years to

age 41-50;

Noise prone areas Audiometry Annually

Main Control Room Far & Near Vision; Colour

Vision; and Hearing tests



40; And every 2 years to

age 41-50;

Ash Handling Area&

Bagasse Handling Area

Chest X-ray, spirometry,

Vision; and Hearing tests



40; And very 2 years to

age 41-50;

Ø All workers engaged in material handling system will be regularly examined for

lung diseases such as PFT (Pulmonary Function Test) tests;

8.7 Design of Green Belt

Green belt development in around 33 % of the total plant area i.e 10, 90604.148 m2

will be developed. Green belt of around 500 m to 1000 m width will be provided

throughout the periphery of the existing project site.

8.7.1 Green Belt and Plantation Plan

Green belt development in an industry is one of the most effective environmental

pollution control measures. Trees play vital role in keeping the ground level

concentrations in control within the plant premises and also in preventing the

horizontal dispersion of the pollutants to the surrounding areas. They are very

effective in trapping the pollution causing agents viz. dust and gaseous pollutants.

They are also considered to be excellent indicators of excessive ground level

concentrations. The green belt is being proposed for the following objectives.



Out of the total 7, 15,500M2 of land, green belt will be developed 33%. Apart from the

bulk plantation around the boundaries, Roadside avenue plantations will also be

taken up. Based on the agro-climatic conditions of the region, location of the Sugar

Plant with Cogeneration Unit, physico-bio-chemical properties of the soil strata,

nature of the pollutants and their rate of dispersion, it is suggested to develop

greenbelt around the plant. Such green areas would improve the floral status and

serve the dual purpose of arrest of any fugitive dust from unpaved or open areas and

also help to abate the noise effects through dampening effects.

Table-8.2 Suggested Plant Species for Road Side Plantation

Sr. No. Scientific Name Vernacular name

1 Bauhimapururea Kachnar

2 Leucaenaleucocephala Subabool

3 Delonixregia Gulmohar

4 Cassia fistula Amaltas

5 Pongamiapinnata Karanj

6 Samaniasaman Rain tree

Table-8.3 Plant Species Suggested for Green Belt Development suggested by

CPCB

Sr.No. Botanical name of the plant

Size of the grown up tree

Type and suitable site, where the plants are to be plotted

1 Acacia auriculaeformis Medium Semi-evergreen fragrant white flowers suitable in green belts and on road sides

2 Adina corodifolia Large Deciduous, a light demander, suitable on open areas and near flares

3 Aeglemarmelos Medium Deciduous, good for green belts near temples.

4 Anogeissuslatifolia Medium Deciduous, Suitable for green belts

5 Artabotryshexapetaius Small Evergreen shrub with fragrant flowers good for



gardens and inside boundary wall and long canals

6 Averrhoacarambola Small Semi evergreen, good in narrow green belts along the ash pond

7 Azadirachtaindica Large Evergreen, suitable in green belts along the boundary and outside office & sensitive buildings like hospitals.

8 Bauhinia variegate Medium Deciduous, good in green belts in garden and as a second row avenue tree

9 Borassusflabellifer Large A tall deciduous palm can be used as wind break when of different age.

10 Boswelliaserrata Medium Deciduous suitable on green belt on willow soils

11 Bureraserrata Medium Evergreen, suitable on willow soils as a green belt or avenue tree

12 Buteamonosperma Medium Deciduous for green belt and as a second row avenue tree

13 Caesalpiniapulcherrima Small A large shrub, suitable for gardens outside offices and along channels

14 Callistemon lanceolatus Medium Deciduous for some time, ornamental plant in garden

15 Carevaaroborea Large Deciduous, good in green belts

16 CarrisaCarandas Small Semi evergreen large bushy shrub good as a hedge to protect against noise.

17 Carhotaurents Large A lofty palm, good as a wind break

18 Cassia fistula Medium Deciduous, good ornamental tree in green belts.

19 C.siamea Large Evergreen, good as an avenue tree.



20 Casuarinaequisetifolia Medium Evergreen suitable for covering low lying area and in green belts and along ponds.

21 Cedrelatoona Large Deciduous, good in open spaces, in green belts and along ponds.

22 Ficusbengalensi Large Deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree (15 m apart)

23 Ficusreligiosa Large Deciduous, widely spaced avenue tree also as a single tree in isolated sites.

24 Maducaindica Medium Deciduous, good in green belts.

25 Peltophoruminerme Medium Semi evergreen, suitable on road sides, in gardens and outside office buildings.

26 Saracaindica Medium Evergreen tree good on road sides within campus

27 Tamarindusindica Large Evergreen tree good along boundary and road sides.

28 Terminaliacatappa Large Deciduous tree 29 Terminaliaarjuna Large Evergreen tree for road

sides and in green belts 30 Zanthoxyium Medium Deciduous in green belts

8.8 Measures to Improve Socio-Economic Conditions

For the benefit of the community in the vicinity of the project, JSSSKL will take

several measures to develop various amenities in an effort to improve standard of

living, some of which are; Capital budget of Rs. 2.01 crores will be allotted for the

following works in consultation with local administration.

ü Providing drinking water

ü Construction of schools

ü Construction of community centres

ü Construction of roads and drainage

ü Construction of health centres

Table – 8.4 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Budget

Sr. Description Amount in



No. Rs. Lakhs

1 Construction of schools, health centre, community centres,

and training program for local employable youth

0.55

2 Maintenance of water supply, village roads, drainage,

development of parks, school buildings

200

3 Health check-up camps, medical camps, logistic support,

Ambulance facility, Fire Safety, drug de-addiction

movement

0.20

4 Providing scholarships to poor children, distributing books,

adult literacy

0.20

5 Home for disabledand orphanage 0.05

Total 200.95

8.9 Landscaping

The various service I utility areas within the plant will be suitably graded to different

elevations. Natural features of the plant site will be retained as far as possible to

integrate with the buildings to form pleasant environment. Areas in front of various

buildings and the entrance of Sugar Plant with Cogeneration Unit will be landscaped

with ground cover, plants, trees based on factors like climate, adaptability, etc. The

green belt will consist of native perennial green and fast growing trees. Trees will

also be planted around the plant boundary to minimize the dust pollution. Adequate

afforestation will be carried out as per the guidelines of MoEF.

8.10 Fire Fighting & Protection System

Safety Policy and Regulations

Keeping in view of the safety requirement during construction, operation and

maintenance phase, M/s JSSSKL has formulated safety policy with the following

regulations:-

v Creating awareness in all employees & service providers about the safety &

health.

v Understanding the organization’s responsibilities to create suitable

arrangements for informing, education, &training to it’s own employees at

different levels.



v Create suitable organization to maintain safe & healthy environment at work

place.

v Provide all necessary resources, latest technology and process for safety.

v Harmonious work environment for career growth of our employees and to

achieve the organizational goals of productivity, quality and zero accidents.

v Ensure responsibilities regarding safety of contractor, sub- contractor,

instructors and other organizes entering the premises.

v Assess our safety status from time to time to decide directions for

improvement.

v Complying with applicable rules, statutory, regulatory and other requirements.

Fire Protection System

v The plant has proposed adequate number of wall/column mounted type

portable fire extinguishers in various strategic areas of the plant including the

control room, administration building, stores, pump house etc. These portable

fire extinguishers are basically of carbon dioxide and dry powder type.

v Fire hydrants at suitable locations for TG building, boiler area, & storage area.

v Medium velocity water spray system for the cable gallery

v Necessary electric driven, Jockey pumps with piping valves & instrumentation

for safe operation.

8.11 Corporate Environment Policy Corporate Responsibility for

Environmental Management

Ø The plant has an Environmental Management Committee headed by the

Director & Chief Operating Officer and comprises of key personnel in the

plant. The Committee meets regularly to review the status of various aspects

of pollution control measures will be implemented in the plant.

Ø The unit has also initiated improvement measures to get ISO14001

certification.

Ø Suggestion scheme has been launched and various suggestions given by the

workers and employees have been implemented in order to improve safety

and protect environment.



Ø The unit has resolved to become a zero waste integrated agro business sugar

complex and in its commitment to ensure zero discharge. Measures will be

implemented to recycle and reuse waste water to avoid effluent discharge into

the environment.

Ø The unit complies with the various requirements and standards stipulated by

Ministry of Environment & Forests, Central Pollution Control Board and

Maharashtra Pollution Control Board.

Ø The unit recently commissioned a new mist cooling system with automation

for cooling the evaporator and pan condenser water.

Ø Involvement of workmen in Safety Management through the Safety

Committee which is empowered to review accidents and initiate corrective

and preventive action.

Ø Ensuring high standards of housekeeping in the factory premises, resulting in

a Safe Shop floor,

Ø All personnel are trained on First Aid and basics of Safety Management.

* * * * *



CHAPTER –9

Summary and Conclusions

M/s. Jawahar Shetkari Sahakari Sakhar Karkhana Ltd, Hupari has proposed for

expansion of Sugar Unit from 7500 TCD to 12000 TCD at Kallappanna Awadenagar,

Taluka Hatkanangale, District Kolhapur and Maharashtra state.

Salient Features of the project

Ø Capacity of the Plant:-Sugar Unit- 4500 TCD Crushing Capacity

Ø Project Area: - 99.57 Hectors.

Ø Cost of the Project:-The total project cost is Rs.74.50 Crores

Ø Water requirement:-The total Water requirement for the factory will be 253

cum/day. This includes water for boiler, boiler make-up, water for cooling,

process, DM plant& domestic water. During the crushing and during the slack

season Water will be sourced from Doodhganga River.

Ø All liquid effluents will be suitably treated for the distillery unit is based on

anaerobic digestion. Followed by composting principles. The entire effluent is

converted in to manure as per CREP norms and is distributed to share holder

farmer at a subsidized rate.

Ø All equipment vulnerable to explosion or fire will be designed to relevant IS

codes & statutory regulations. Suitable fire protection system comprising

hydrants and spray systems will be provided for fire protection.

Ø There will be an environment cell and qualified General Manager (prod.) in

charge of analytical measurements and qualified engineers for pollution

control.

Ø The total employees required during plant operation are 1385 persons.

.

Conclusion



The potential environmental, social and economic impacts have been assessed.

The proposed Sugar Unit and Cogeneration Plant will have certain levels of marginal

impacts on the local environment. Implementation of the project will have beneficial

impact in terms of providing direct and indirect employment opportunities. There will

be a positive socio-economic development in the region. Quality of life of the people

will be improved. Recommendations made in the CREP for Sugar Plant will be

implemented. JSSSKL will also undertake various community welfare measures for

the upliftment of the villages of the study area.

* * * * *

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