Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Declaration
Page 2
Saurav Chemicals Limited has conducted the “Environmental Impact Assessment Study for
the proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village
The EIA report preparation have been undertaken in compliance with the Standard
ToR issued by MoEF & CC. Information and content provided in the report is factually
correct for the purpose and objective for such study undertaken.
We hereby declare the ownership of contents (information and data) of EIA/EMP Report.
For on behalf of Saurav Chemicals Limited
Signature:
Name: Mr. Prit Mohinder Singh
Designation: Chief of Operations
Date: 15-10-2018
DECLARATION BY THE PROPONENT
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Declaration
Page 3
This EIA report has been prepared by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited (CMSRSL),
in line with EIA Notification, dated 14th September 2006, seeking prior Environmental
Clearance from the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, New Delhi.
This work has been undertaken in accordance with ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management
System with all reasonable skill, care and diligence within the terms of the contract with the
client, incorporating our General Terms & Conditions of Business and taking account of the
resources devoted to it by agreement with the client.
We disclaim any responsibility to the client and others in respect of any matters outside the
scope of the above.
Further, this report is confidential to the client and the use of this report by unauthorized
third parties without written authorization from CMSRSL shall be at their own risk.
For and on behalf of Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
Approved by : N.V.Subba Rao
Sign :
Designation : Chief Executive
Date : 15-10-2018
DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Declaration
Page 4
I, hereby, certify that I was part of the EIA team in the following capacity that developed the
above EIA.
Sector as per NABET Scheme 21 Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry
Sector as per EIA Notification 5(f) Synthetic Organic Chemicals Industry
EIA Coordinator:
Name: Mr. V S Bhaskar
Signature: Date: 20th October 2018 Period of Involvement: April 2017 to Till Date Contact Information: M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited
“PARRY” House 3rd Floor, No. 2 NSC Bose Road, Chennai – 600 001 [email protected] +91-044- 3044 5620
Functional Area Experts:
S.No. Functional Areas Name of the
Expert/s Involvement
(Period and Task) Signature
1 AP- Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring & Control
Mr. V S Bhaskar
April 2017 to till date Task: Site visit, design of Ambient air quality monitoring network, evaluation of result of ambient air quality monitoring, inferring baseline data collected, identification of potential impact to air quality during construction and operation phase, developing and finalizing EMP to minimize impact to air quality.
2 WP- Water Pollution Monitoring Prevention & Control
Mr. V S Bhaskar
April 2017 to till date Task: Site visit, Finalization of sampling locations, finalizing water balance for the project, inference of baseline data collected identification of impacts and preparation of mitigation plan.
3 SHW- Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Mr. Ravishankar D
April 2017 to till date Task: Identification of solid waste to be generated from the process and suggesting mitigation plan.
PROJECT DECLARATION BY EIA CONSULTANT ORGANIZATION
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Declaration
Page 5
S.No. Functional Areas Name of the
Expert/s Involvement
(Period and Task) Signature
4 MSW – Municipal Solid Waste
Ms. Sathya.S
April 2017 to till date Task: Identification of solid waste to be generated from the process and suggesting mitigation plan and coordination with EIA coordinator & functional area expert in report writing
5 SE- Socio-Economic Aspects
Mr. Rajesh Verma
October 2017 to till date Task: Undertaking primary socio-economic survey, identification of social impact due to proposed project, preparation of mitigation plan, development of CSR plan.
6 EB- Ecology and Biodiversity
Dr. Vivek Narayan Singh
October 2017 to till date Task: Field survey, Impact prediction and suggesting mitigation measures, Preparation of ecology management plan.
7 AQ- Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling & Prediction
Mr. V S Bhaskar
April 2017 to till date Task: Supervision of air quality modeling and identification of impacts due to proposed expansion, Finalization of mitigation measures with client.
8 LU- Land Use T.P. Natesan
October 2017 to till date Task: Preparation of land use land cover maps for the study area using GIS/ related tools followed by ground truth verification.
9
HG- Hydrology Ground Water & Water Conservation GEO- Geology
T.P.Natesan
October 2017 to till date Task: Aquifer details, groundwater potential, determination of ground use pattern, Study of local hydro-geology, development of rainwater harvesting program, preparation of contour map for the study area and estimation of groundwater direction.
10 RH- Risk & Hazard Management
Mr. V S Bhaskar
April 2017 to till date Task: Identification of risk due to storage of fuel and raw materials, interpreting consequence contours, suggesting risk mitigation measures.
Functional Area Experts involved:
1. Mr. Srikanth .G – FAE-A – AP & WP
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Declaration
Page 6
Project Team Members
1. Ms. Sujatha Gurudev
Declaration by the Head of the Accredited Consultant Organization/ Authorized Person
I, N.V.Subbarao, hereby, confirm that the above mentioned experts prepared the EIA Report
for the “Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate
Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, Sahibzada
Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab”.
I also confirm that the consultant organization shall be fully accountable for any misleading
information mentioned in this statement.
Signature :
Name : N V Subbarao
Name of the EIA Consultant Organization : M/s.Cholamandalam MS Risk Services
Limited
NABET Certificate No. :NABET/EIA/1518/SA037 dated, June 30, 2017
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 7
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
1. INTRODUCTION
Saurav Chemical Limited (SCL) established in the early 90’s SCL offers a wide range of Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Intermediates to its customers worldwide. SCL’s products are
exported to Europe, Japan, Russia, South and Central America, ASEAN, West Asia, MENA
regions.
The proposed Greenfield project falls under category “A” under sector 5(f) of the EIA
Notification, 2006 and its amendment. The EIA study was undertaken in conformity with the
guidelines of Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), covering all
the aspects of the conditions mentioned in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF &CC. This
EIA study was undertaken by M/s Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited, a NABET
accredited EIA consultant organization.
1.1. Proposed Project
M/s Saurav chemicals proposing it’s green field API bulk drug manufacturing unit situated at
, Derabassi Taluk, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab. The proposed project site will be
developed to accommodate the main plant, supporting facilities including the waste
management facilities in an area of 22.80 acres. The proposed project land is barren and no
rehabilitation or resettlement/ clearing of vegetation is required. However, the proposed
project site is agricultural land and hence the necessary compensation has been paid by SCL
for land conversion as per the government norms. The Change of Land Use (CLU) from housing
and Urban Development Department is issued to SCL vide Reference No
PBIP/LORC1/1710192098 by Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion, Govt of Punjab. The
total tentative cost for the project will be around 64 Crores.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 8
1.2. Environmental Setting
The details of environmental setting around the project site are given in the following Table
1.1.
Table 1-1 Environmental Setting for the Proposed Project Site
S.No. Particulars Details
1 Site Elevation above MSL 323 m
2 Topography Plain
3 Present land use at the site Barren land
4 Nearest highway NH 73-North East direction (2.6 aerial distance)
5 Nearest railway station Chandigarh 20 km aerial distance
6 Nearest airport Chandigarh 12 km aerial distance
7 Nearest town / city Chandigarh 20 km aerial distance
8 Water body Ghaggar River
9 National parks / Wildlife Sanctuaries Reserved / Protected Forests
Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary Hills- 7.16 km from the northern boundary
10 Seismicity Zone III seismic zone map of India 2002
11 Industries Located in the 10km radius
Parabolic drugs, Nimbua TSDF facility, Manu international, Alkem labs, Nectar life sciences, Rajasthan liquors, Aster Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Barwla industrial estate etc.
12 State Boundary Haryana state boundary 3km aerial distance from the East side of the proposed project site
2. DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
2.1. Proposed Products
Based on the growing market conditions and requirement SCL has proposed to manufacture
forty products with an overall production capacity of 233.7 TPM. The products are presented
in Table 2.1.
Table 1-2 List of Proposed Products
S. No. Products Production (TPM)
1 Alpha Lipoic Acid 2.50
2 Amiodarone Hydrochloride 0.83
3 Atropine Sulphate 0.02
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
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S. No. Products Production (TPM)
4 Chlorzoxazone 3.33
5 Clopi Bsylate 2.50
6 Clopi Form-2 2.50
7 Clopi Form-1 2.50
8 D-Cycloserene 2.50
9 Dexketoprofen trometamol 3.33
10 Diethylcarbamazine Citrate 5.00
11 Febuxostat 2.50
12 Homatropine Hydrobromide 0.08
13 Homatropine MethylBromide 0.42
14 Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.29
15 Levofloxacin hemihydrate 3.33
16 Loxoprofen Sodium 8.33
17 Pregabalin 2.50
18 Rabeprazole Sodium 0.83
19 Rebamipide 8.33
20 Atorvastatin 2.50
21 Celecoxib 4.17
22 Clarithromycin 4.17
23 Flurbiprofen 0.83
24 Rosuvastatin 0.83
25 Strontium Ranelate 1.67
26 Ketoprofen From CEBA 3.33
27 Ketprofen from Keto Nitrile 3.33
28 Sertraline Hydrochloride 2.50
29 Tris Buffer 0.83
30 Vidagliptin 2.50
31 Acetoxy EthylBromide 41.67
32 BromoButyric Acid 2.50
33 Cholo Acid 2.50
34 Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl malonate magnesium salt
4.17
35 Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol(PNBA) 8.33
36 HBr 48% 41.67
37 Para nitro benzyl bromide (PNBBr) 41.67
38 Para Nitrobenzyldehyde(PNBD) 0.42
39 4-Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one(BMQ) 8.33
40 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl(BMC) 4.17
Total Production(TPM) 233.7
2.2. Project Requirements
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 10
For the production of proposed products the major inputs required is raw materials. The raw
materials will be stored in secured go downs for which adequate land is allocated. About 21
solvents will be required for the manufacturing of 40 proposed products. A dedicated
underground solvent storage facility is proposed for storage of solvents in the proposed
facility. The steam requirement for the proposed project is estimated to be 120 TPD.
Therefore in order to meet the required steam demand SCL is proposing to install 2X5 TPH
boilers out of which one boiler will be a standby. Mustard based Bio-briquettes of about 35
TPD will be used as fuel for the boilers. The power demand for the proposed project is about
3000 KW which will be sourced from Punjab State Electricity Board. 3 DG Sets of 1000KVA are
proposed as standby for power backup. Total water requirement for the proposed project is
328 m3/day out of which, about 150 m3/day of fresh water is required for the proposed
project which will be sourced from Ground Water. SCL has applied for the Ground Water
withdrawl permission from the concerned CGWB. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system is
proposed to recycle all the treated wastewater. A modular two stage incinerator of capacity
150 kg/hr is proposed to incinerate various wastes generated during the operation phase such
as process residue etc.
3. DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
The study area covers 10 km radius around the boundaries of the proposed project site. As a
part of EIA, and ToR vide Letter no. IA-J-11011/438/2017-IA-II(I), Dated 26th October 2017,
the primary baseline data monitoring was conducted in the study area covering three (3)
months dated (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018) and secondary data was collected
from Government and Semi-Government organizations. The primary baseline data was
generated by M/s. Interstellar Testing Centre Pvt Ltd, an NABL/MoEF&CC approved
Environmental Testing Laboratory.
The Study area exhibits plain terrain. The plant site is well connected to NH 73-North East
direction. There is no major reservoir with in 10 km radius from the project site. The river
Medkhali Nalla flows in the north of the project site at distance of 0.7 Km. The Ghaggar River
and its tributaries form the natural drainage system on Derabassi block of the district. As per
the results of LU/LC study, the agricultural land occupies the majority of the study area (51.26
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
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%). The site is located in very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils. As per the soil sampling
results at 8 locations in the study area, the pH of the soil was observed to be in the range of
8.31 to 9.1 indicating that soil is strongly basic. Water holding capacity ranged from 38 % to
42 %. Organic matter ranged from 0.09 % to 0.12 % indicating that organic matter is low.
Heavy metals were found to be below detectable limit.
As per the meteorological data recorded during the study period, it was observed that the
values of temperature ranged from 5°C during the day time to 29 °C during the day time. The
predominant wind direction during the study period was from North Western direction.
Based on the results of ambient air quality monitoring conducted at 8 locations in the study
area, it was observed that the average values of PM2.5 ranged from 45.5 µg/m3 to 58.5 µg/m3.
Average concentration of PM10 varied from 88.2 µg/m3 to 98 µg/m3. The observed average
concentrations at all the locations were found closer to the permissible range of 60 µg/m3
and 100 µg/m3 respectively for PM2.5 and PM10 as per NAAQ standards prescribed by CPCB.
The ambient air quality data of Punjab Pollution Control Board (Derabassi) also showed higher
values of PM in the region. The high concentration of PM in the region may be due to vehicular
movement, industries and burning of crop residue which is one of major sources of PM in the
region. The average SO2 and NOx values were found to be in the range of 7.6 µg/m3 to 10.5
µg/m3and 11 µg/m3to 14.3 µg/m3 respectively which is much lower than the respective NAAQ
standard of 80 µg/m3. The surface water sample was collected from Ghaggar River and as per
the analysis results, pH, total hardness, total coliform was found to be 8.27, 230 mg/l and 21
MPN/100 mL respectively. Heavy metal concentrations were found to be below detectable
limit. To assess the water quality of the study area, eight (8) ground water sampling locations
were selected sampling locations were selected. All the values of the analysis results were
compared with drinking water standards as stipulated by CPCB and were found that the
values are well within the permissible range indicating that the absence of pollution in ground
water in the study area.
The Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary, notified the eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) of the WLS vide
S.O. No. 3308 (E) dt. 24th October 2016 is present at 7.16 km north from the northern
boundary of the proposed project. The Sanctuary is known for its fauna like Leopard and other
animals such as Cheetal or Spotted Deer, Sambar, Wild Boar, Rhesus Monkey, Langoor,
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
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Hyena, Jungle Cat, Common Mongoose, Indian Fox, Jackal, Porcupine, etc. The most
important crops, cultivated in the study area are wheat, rice, maize, pulses and mustard.
Paddy constitutes the main Kharif crop whereas wheat is the main Rabi crop. Among the
enumerated flora in the study area, none of them were assigned under any threat category
by Red data book of Indian Plants. As per the faunal study conducted by Ecological expert,
none of the sighted animal species in study area are categorized under the rare, endangered
or threatened category.
Socio Economic Primary Survey was conducted from 15th to 16th Feb 2018. During this survey,
primary data in relation to geographical features, settlements, roads and amenities in the
respective villages were observed. Project area has number of industries across various
verticals for manufacturing pharmaceutical companies and automobiles. The total population
in the region is 170550 persons out of which 41% is working and 59% is non-working
population. The BPL population is very low, about 7.3 % in Mohali.
4. ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND RESPECTIVE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PALN
4.1. Impacts during Construction Phase
Most of the construction phase activities would exhibit reversible and short term impacts
which can be readily controlled and mitigated through robust and scientifically designed
construction work-method statements. The facility will comply with the Construction and
Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 as notified by the Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) which states that every waste generator shall
segregate construction and demolition waste and deposit at collection centre or handover it
to the authorized processing facilities and shall ensure that there is no littering or deposition
so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains. Waste will be collected and
stored in confined areas within the project area before disposing to authorized vendors
without disposing onto open public areas in the vicinity of the plant. Temporary increase in
air pollution will result from the use of construction equipments, movement of vehicles and
fugitive dust. The dust will be suppressed using water sprinkling. SCL shall make provision for
the water sprinklers at the construction areas for dust suppression. The major sources of
noise during the construction phase are from vehicular traffic, machinery deployed in
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 13
construction/demolition activities, operation of DG sets etc. The noise levels will be
maintained within the prescribed noise limits by CPCB. Approximately 200 temporary
contract workers and 50 permanent workers are expected to be involved in construction
phase. But most of the construction workers will be made available from the nearby areas.
The workers camp inside the plant premises will be provided with proper sanitation
arrangement. The construction activities will be carried out within the proposed plant
premises. This phase does not involve major changes in the terrain as the proposed project is
already barren and plain. Therefore no impacts on terrestrial ecology are envisaged due to
the felling of trees.
4.2. Impacts during the Operation Phase
4.2.1. Air Quality
The point source emissions due to the proposed project are envisaged from the fuel fired
boiler (2X5 TPH boilers, bio-briquettes as main fuel and furnace oil as standby), DG sets (3
X1000 KVA, stand-by operation for power backup, High Speed Diesel as fuel), Incinerator( 150
kg/hr capacity, High Speed Diesel as fuel).
As per the CPCB standard for boiler, the emission limit for PM concentration shall not exceed
800 mg/Nm3 for boilers of capacity 2 TPH- 10 TPH. Therefore Multiclone dust collector is
proposed for the control of PM concentration. As per the draft notification published by
MoEF&CC dated 29th January 2018, SO2 and NOx emissions from boilers shall be in the order
of 600 mg/nm3 and 300 mg/Nm3 respectively. Since SCL is proposing bio briquettes as fuel
with sulphur content as low as <0.1%, the SO2 emissions will be well within the permissible
range during the post project scenario. However, an attempt was made to predict the likely
impacts (predicted ground level concentrations) for a worst case scenario due to emissions of
SO2, NOx and PM from the proposed biomass fueled boilers. As per the modeling results the
peak predicted GLCs of PM, SO2 and NOx from the proposed boiler were found to be 8.02
µg/m3, 5.10 µg/m3 and 1.45 µg/m3 respectively. Since the DG sets will be operated as power
back up during emergencies, the pollutant emissions envisaged from proposed DG sets will
be insignificant. Stacks of adequate height is proposed for the boiler and DG sets for efficient
dispersion of pollutants. The emissions from the incinerator greatly vary based on the
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 14
composition of the input wastes. The proposed 150 kg/hr capacity incinerator is designed
with pollution control systems (venturi scrubber) to meet the prescribed CPCB standards. As
per the MoEF&CC notification dated 4th March 2009 the emission standards for new
incinerator for pharmaceutical industry (bulk drugs) shall not exceed 50 mg/Nm3 for PM, 50
mg/Nm3 for HCl, 200 mg/Nm3 for SO2, 100 mg/Nm3 for CO, 20 mg/Nm3 for TOC and 0.1
ngTEQ/Nm3 for total dioxins and furans respectively. A dedicated stack of adequate height is
proposed for the incinerator.
Solvent recovery systems will be an integral part of the main plant. Depending on the boiling
point of the solvents used, maximum recovery will be aimed in the solvent recovery units for
reuse and recycling within the plant. In order to avoid any further release of solvent vapours
from the reactors, dryers, centrifuge etc, if any, then tail gas VOC condensers will be installed
with chilled water and brine water systems depending on the condensation properties of the
respective VOC compounds. In addition to this, three dedicated scrubbers are proposed to
control Cl2, NH3 and HBr emissions from the process.
4.2.2. Noise Environment
The major noise emitting sources at the proposed project site are from boiler house and DG
sets. Enclosures will be provided to noise sources in order to attenuate noise emissions from
the source. Hence the noise levels of 75 dB (A) can be expected from the source after
reduction. Sound pressure levels at the property boundary should be less than 75 dB (A)
during daytime hours and 70 dB (A) during night time hours as per CPCB standards and the
same will be complied during the post project scenario.
4.2.3. Water Quality
Total water requirement for the proposed project is 328 m3/day. Out of the total water
requirement the fresh water requirement is about 150m3/day for the proposed project which
will be sourced from Ground Water and the remaining water (178 m3/day) will be recycled
and reused within the plant with a well-designed ZLD system. SCL has applied for the
permission to draw Ground Water from the concerned authority. Total wastewater generated
will be 193 m3/day. The wastewater generated will be separated into two streams of HTDS
and LTDS for the efficient treatment of wastewater. HTDS effluent from process of about 79
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 15
m3/day and 36 m3/day of ETP RO rejects will be treated in a dedicated MEE and the MEE
distillate of 110 m3/day will be diverted to ETP. LTDS effluent of about 114 m3/day along with
MEE distillate of 110 m3/day will be treated in conventional ETP. The total LTDS wastewater
required to be treated in biological effluent treatment plant is about 224 m3/day. The
proposed ZLD system comprises of primary, secondary and membrane treatment facilities
followed by multiple effect evaporators. Recovered water will be used for boilers, cooling
tower and domestic applications. Various water conservation programs will be adopted to
further minimize the usage of freshwater. A biological effluent treatment plant of capacity
300 m3/day and an MEE of capacity 150 m3/day are proposed for the treatment of wastewater
generated during the post project scenario. No treated wastewater will be discharged onto
natural water bodies as ZLD system will be adopted. The Ground Water recharge programs
will be implemented within the plant. Based on vacant, roof top area and the monthly rainfall
and runoff, the storage structures and percolation pond with recharge tube well have been
recommended.
4.2.4. Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation
Used/spent oil will be sold to PPCB Authorized Recycler. Discarded containers/barrels/liners
will be sold to authorized vendors. An incinerator is proposed to incinerate process residue,
material and distillation residue. The ash collected from incinerator will be collected in printed
hazardous waste bags & stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste store room. Also
the sludge collected from wastewater treatment in ETP (Low TDS/Low COD) & salt collected
through Multi Effect Evaporator plant will be stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous
waste room. The incinerated ash & ETP Sludge/MEE Salt will be transported to Government
approved land fill site M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited (REEL), Nimbua for further
treatment & disposal. SCL is an approved member. The by-products (NaBr) recovered during
the manufacturing process will be sold to authorized vendors. Fly ash generated from boilers
shall be disposed to local brick manufacturing facilities. SCL is exploring the possibilities of co-
processing the process residues in the cement kiln as per the provisions of Hazardous Waste
Management (HWM) Rules 2016. Thus, SCL has obtained MoU from GEPIL (Gujarat Enviro
Protection & Infrastructure (Haryana) Pvt Ltd to transport hazardous waste for transport, pre-
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 16
processing, to be used for co-processing in cement industry. All the hazardous wastes
generated from the proposed project will be disposed off as per HWM Rules 2016.
4.2.5. Ecological Environment
The type of flora recorded in the area are not sensitive to the fugitive emission, hence impact
on the growth of the plants in the area is not envisaged. The predicted GLCs from the boiler
emissions were found be well within the permissible range and the concentration is restricted
upto 5 km radius. No wastewater will be discharged onto the nearby water bodies as SCL has
proposed to adopt ZLD system to completely recycle the treated wastewater to be generated
in the facility. Therefore no adverse impacts are envisaged on the nearby aquatic and
terrestrial environment. No major trees will be cut as the proposed project site is a barren
land. As per the recommendations from CPCB, 33% of the total project site will be developed
for green belt. Since the acquired land for the proposed project is 22.80 acres, about 7.5 acres
will be allocated for green belt development.
4.2.5. Socio Economic Environment
The proposed project will provide employment opportunities to the nearby villagers providing
full capacity permanent employment to about 1000 persons excluding contractual labours.
The proposed land site will be acquired as per the applicable guidelines and regulations Since
the land has no settlements, it does not attract any Rehabilitation and Resettlement activity
under “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and
Resettlement Act, 2013”.
4.2.6. EMP Budget
The estimated total cost of the proposed project is Rs.64. Crores. Under the project, an
estimated investment of about Rs.10.64 Crores will be towards pollution control equipment,
implementation of environmental pollution control measures and environmental
The capital CER budgets of Rs. 1.28 Crores has been embarked for the local community
development within the vicinity of the study area for a period of 10 years which is arrived by
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 17
considering 2 % of the total project cost as per the office memorandum of Corporate
Environment Responsibility (CER) issued by MoEF&CC dated 1st May 2018. The CER activities
will be mainly focused on Educational Infrastructure, Drinking water facilties to the local
villages, Rural Infrastructure Development, Girl Child Protection Programmes etc.
5. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
The monitoring program will be implemented for the proposed Green Field Project based on
baseline data compliances for environmental clearance conditions and regular permits from
PPCB/SEIAA. Regional laboratory of Punjab Pollution Control Board will monitor the quality of
environmental parameters on regular basis. Besides, SCL will install Continuous Monitoring
stations (Ambient Air, Stacks, VOC, Incinerator) and meteorology station at site for continuous
monitoring. Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) for fugitive VOC emissions in the processing
area will be conducted annually. The monitoring results of the different environmental
components will be analyzed and compiled report will be sent to concerned authorities every
six months.
6. ADDITIONAL STUDIES
6.1. Public Consultation
In accordance with Environmental Impact Assessment Notification dated 14.09.2006 of
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate and Change (MoEF&CC), Governtment of India,
New Delhi, M/s Saurav Chemicals Ltd., Village Nimbua, P.O. Mubarkpur, Tehsil Dera Bassi,
District Mohali has applied to the Punjab Pollution Control Board for conduct of Public Hearing
for the proposed project.
The draft Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report along with Executive Summary,
both in English and vernacular language (Punjabi) was submitted to Punjab Pollution Control
Board requesting for conduct of Public Hearing for the proposed project.
In compliance to provision of the EIA notification dated 14.09.2006, the board issued public
notice of 30 days in two daily newspapers namely, ‘The Hindustan Times’ (English Daily) and
‘Punjabi Tribune’ for getting reponses from public and intimating time, date and venue of the
public hearing fixed for 08.06.2018 at the project site. Thereafter, public hearing for the said
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 18
project was conducted on 08.06.2018, which was attended by 265 persons.The Public hearing
was supervised and presided over by the Additional Deputy Commissioner, SAS Nagar,
Environmental Engineer, PPCB, Regional Office, Mohali and Assistant Environmental
Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Patiala.
For concerns raised against the project, the representatives of SCL assured the public that the
facility will adopt zero liquid discharge program so that no wastewater will be discharged from
the proposed facility. The pollution control measures indicated in the proposed
Environmental Management Plan will be implemented and monitored. Further, it was
assured that preference will be given to local residents for employment.
6.2. Risk Assessment Study and Emergency Management Plan
A detailed Risk Assessment study was undertaken as a part of the EIA study for the storage
yard facility of the proposed Green field project. Based on the study results, The LSIR (Location
Specific Individual Risk) contours corresponding to 1E-06 per avg. year (acceptable region as
per risk criteria) are concentrated well within the facility boundary. The facility is proposing
to install adequate fire safety systems consisting of fire pumps, fire hydrant system and fire
alarm system. Effective Emergency Response plans and Disaster Management Plan with
respect to the proposed project has been developed by SCL
7. PROJECT BENEFITS
Bulk drugs manufactured in SCL are the raw material for many medicine manufacturers
around the globe. The finished products will be sold in domestic as well as International
markets. To remain as a significant player in the market and to meet the increasing demand
of bulk drugs in India and abroad SCL is proposing the Greenfield project. SCL is committed to
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in helping the inhabitants of the surrounding villages.
The capital CER budget of Rs. 1.28 Crores has been embarked for the local community
development within the vicinity of the study area for over next 10 years as per the office
memorandum of Corporate Environment Responsibility (CER) issued by MoEF&CC dated 1st
May 2018. The proposed project will provide employment opportunities to the nearby
villagers.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Executive Summary
Page 19
8. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
This project will have a benefit in terms of exchequer to the State Government and will also
generate direct and indirect employment to a considerable number of families. Zero Liquid
Discharge facilities and air pollution control equipments will be installed and will result in
minimizing the adverse impacts on the environment. Hence the proposed project will be
developed to meet the stipulated environmental and safety regulations.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
2.4.2 Manufacturing Process of Alpha Lipoid Acid ..................................................... 59
2.4.3 Manufacturing Process of Amiodarone Hydrochloride ..................................... 64
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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2.4.4 Manufacturing Process of Atropine Sulphate Mono hydrate ........................... 67
2.4.5 Manufacturing Process of Chlorzoxazone ......................................................... 72
2.4.6 Manufacturing Process of Clopidogrel Besylate ................................................ 75
2.4.7 Manufacturing Process of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form-2 ................................ 80
2.4.8 Manufacturing Process of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form 1 ................................ 83
2.4.9 Manufacturing Process of Cycloserine .............................................................. 85
2.4.10 Manufacturing Process of Dexketoprofen Trometamol .................................... 90
2.4.11 Manufacturing Process of Diethylcarbamazine citrate ..................................... 93
2.4.12 Manufacturing Process of Febuxostat ............................................................... 96
2.4.13 Manufacturing Process of Homatropine Hydrobromide ................................. 100
2.4.14 Manufacturing Process of Homatropine Methyl Bromide .............................. 103
2.4.15 Manufacturing Process of Ketorolac Tromethamine ...................................... 108
2.4.16 Manufacturing Process of Levofloxacin hemihydrate ..................................... 116
2.4.17 Manufacturing Process of Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate ................................. 119
2.4.18 Manufacturing Process of Pregabalin .............................................................. 124
2.4.19 Manufacturing Process of Rabeprazol Sodium ................................................ 126
2.4.20 Manufacturing Process of Rebamipide ............................................................ 130
2.4.21 Manufacturing Process of Atorvastatin Calcium ............................................. 133
2.4.22 Manufacturing Process of Celecoxib ............................................................... 138
2.4.23 Manufacturing Process of Clarithromycin ....................................................... 140
2.4.24 Manufacturing Process of Flurbiprofen ........................................................... 146
2.4.25 Manufacturing Process of Rosavastain Calcium .............................................. 152
2.4.26 Manufacturing Process of Strontium Ranelate ............................................... 157
2.4.27 Manufacturing Process of Ketoprofen from CEBA .......................................... 162
2.4.28 Manufacturing Process of Ketoprofen from Ketoprofen Nitrile ..................... 165
2.4.29 Manufacturing Process of Sertraline Hydrochloride ....................................... 167
2.4.30 Manufacturing Process of Triss buffer ............................................................. 172
2.4.31 Manufacturing Process of Vilagliptin ............................................................... 174
2.4.32 Manufacturing Process of 1-Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide ....................................... 178
2.4.33 Manufacturing Process of Bromo butyric acid ................................................ 181
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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2.4.34 Manufacturing Process of Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl Malonate Magnesium Salt .. 184
2.4.35 Manufacturing Process of Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol ...................................... 186
2.4.36 Manufacturing Process of Hydrobromic Acid .................................................. 188
2.4.37 Manufacturing Process of Para Nitro Benzyl Bromide .................................... 189
2.4.38 Manufacturing Process of Para Nitrobenzyldehyde (PNBD) ........................... 191
2.4.39 Manufacturing Process of 4-Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one (BMQ) ....... 194
2.4.40 Manufacturing Process of 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl (BMC) .................. 196
2.4.41 Manufacturing Process of Chloro Butyric Acid ................................................ 199
3.7.1 Soil of the Region ............................................................................................. 231
3.7.2 Soil in the Study area ....................................................................................... 231
3.7.3 Background Soil Quality in the Study Area ...................................................... 232
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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3.7.4 Soil Analysis Result ........................................................................................... 236
3.8 Seismic zone ............................................................................................................ 236
3.9 Meteorological Data ................................................................................................ 238
3.14.1 Objectives of Socio Economic Study ................................................................ 284
3.14.2 Scope of the Study ........................................................................................... 284
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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4.6.2 Impact on Ground Water ................................................................................. 324
4.7 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation ................................................................. 324
4.7.1 By products Generation ................................................................................... 325
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
9.1.4 EHS Management System ................................................................................ 365
9.1.5 Environmental Management Records ............................................................. 365
9.1.6 Environmental Management Plan Structure ................................................... 366
9.1.7 Measurement and Evaluation ......................................................................... 367
9.1.8 Record Keeping and Reporting ........................................................................ 367
9.2 Environment Management during Construction Phase ......................................... 367
9.2.1 Site Preparation ............................................................................................... 368
9.2.2 Air Quality Management during Construction Phase ...................................... 369
9.2.3 Noise Level Management during Construction Phase..................................... 369
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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9.2.4 Water Quality Management during Operation Phase ..................................... 370
9.2.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management....................................................... 370
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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11 Disclosure of consultants ............................................................................................... 407
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
List of Tables
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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 Environmental Setting for the Proposed Project Site ................................................ 8
Table 1-2 List of Proposed Products .......................................................................................... 8
Table 1-1 Environmental Setting for the Proposed Project Site .............................................. 42
Table 1-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards .................................................................. 48
Table 1-3 General Noise Standards ......................................................................................... 50
Table 1-4 Organoleptic and Physical Parameters .................................................................... 50
Table 1-5 List of Hazardous Wastes as Applicable to Synthetic Organic Chemicals industry . 51
Table 2-1 Overview of the Project Requirements ................................................................... 54
Table 2-2 Alternative Sites Considered .................................................................................... 57
Table 2-3 Land Use Pattern of the Proposed Site .................................................................... 57
Table 2-4 List of Proposed Products ........................................................................................ 58
Table 2-5 Material Balance of Alpha Lipoid Acid ..................................................................... 62
Table 2-6 Material Balance for Amiodarone Hydrochloride ................................................... 65
Table 2-7 Material Balance for Atropine Sulphate .................................................................. 69
Table 2-8 Material Balance of Chlorzoxazone ......................................................................... 73
Table 2-9 Material Balance for Clopidogrel Besylate .............................................................. 77
Table 2-10 Material Balance of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form-2 .............................................. 81
Table 2-11 Material Balance for Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form 1 ............................................. 84
Table 2-12 Material Balance of D-Cycloserene ....................................................................... 87
Table 2-13 Material Balance of Dexketoprofen Trometamol .................................................. 91
Table 2-14 Material Balance of Diethylcarbamazine citrate ................................................... 94
Table 2-15 Material Balance of Febuxostat ............................................................................. 97
Table 2-16 Material Balance of Homatropine Hydrobromide ............................................... 101
Table 2-17 Material Balance of Homatropine MethylBromide ............................................. 105
Table 2-18 Material Balance of Ketorolac Tromethamine .................................................... 110
Table 2-19 Material Balance of Levofloxacin hemihydrate ................................................... 117
Table 2-20 Material Balance of Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate ............................................... 121
Table 2-21 Material Balance of Pregablin .............................................................................. 125
Table 2-22 Material Balance of Rabeprazol Sodium .............................................................. 127
Table 2-23 Material Balance of Rebamipide .......................................................................... 131
Table 2-24 Material Balance of Atorvastatin Calcium ........................................................... 135
Table 2-25 Material Balance of Celecoxib ............................................................................. 139
Table 2-26 Material Balance of Clarithromycin ..................................................................... 142
Table 2-27 Material Balance of Flurbiprofen ......................................................................... 148
Table 2-28 Material Balance of Rosavastain Calcium ............................................................ 154
Table 2-29 Material Balance of Strontium Ranelate ............................................................. 159
Table 2-30 Material Balance of Ketoprofen from CEBA ........................................................ 163
Table 2-31 Material Balance of Ketoprofen from Ketoprofen Nitrile ................................... 166
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
List of Tables
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Table 2-32 Material Balance of Sertraline Hydrochloride ..................................................... 169
Table 2-33 Material Balance of triss buffer ........................................................................... 173
Table 2-34 Material Balance of Vilagliptin ............................................................................. 175
Table 2-35 Material Balance of Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide ........................................................ 179
Table 2-36 Material Balance of Bromo butyric acid .............................................................. 182
Table 2-37 Material Balance of Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl Malonate Magnesium Salt ................ 185
Table 2-38 Material Balance of Para nitrobenzyl alcohol ...................................................... 187
Table 2-39 Material Balance of Hydrobromic Acid ................................................................ 188
Table 2-40 Material Balance of Para nitro benzyl bromide (PNBBr) ..................................... 190
Table 2-41 Material Balance of Para Nitrobenzyldehyde (PNBD) ......................................... 192
Table 2-42 Material Balance of Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one (BMQ) ........................ 195
Table 2-43 Material Balance of 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl (BMC) ................................ 197
Table 2-44 Material Balance of Chloro Butyric Acid .............................................................. 200
Table 2-45 Raw Material Requirement for the Proposed Project ......................................... 202
Table 2-46 List, Quantity and Storage facility of Solvents required for the Proposed Project
Table 3-13 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations ............................................ 242
Table 3-14 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during the Study
Period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018) ............................................................ 246
Table 3-15 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period......................... 247
Table 3-16 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period ......................... 248
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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Table 3-17 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (25th November 2017
to 26th February 2018) ........................................................................................................... 249
Table 3-18 NOx Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (25th November 2017
to 26th February 2018) .......................................................................................................... 250
Table 3-19 CO Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (25th November 2017
to 26th February 2018) ........................................................................................................... 251
Table 3-30 Mammals in Study Area ....................................................................................... 279
Table 3-31 Domestic animals of Study area .......................................................................... 280
Table 3-32 Systematic Lists of Birds reported in the Study area ........................................... 280
Table 3-33 Herpetofauna within the study area ................................................................... 281
Table 3-34 Administrative Status of Study Area Villages/Towns .......................................... 286
Table 3-35 Details of State Haryana and Punjab and district Panchkula and Mohali ........... 286
Table 3-36 Demography of the Study Area ........................................................................... 287
Table 3-37 Working and Non-Working Population of Study Area ......................................... 288
Table 3-38 Occupational Structure in Study Area ................................................................. 289
Table 3-39 Educational Status of Study Area ......................................................................... 290
Table 3-40 Drinking Water Facilities in the Study Area ......................................................... 292
Table 3-41 Overall Demographic Profile of the Study Area .................................................. 295
Table 4-1 Sources of Points Emissions from the Proposed Project ....................................... 300
Table 4-2 Estimation of Modeling Inputs for the proposed 2X5 TPH boilers (1 Stand by) ... 301
Table 4-3 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Particulate Matter .................................................. 303
Table 4-4 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide ...................................................... 305
Table 4-5 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen.................................................. 307
Table 4-6 Summary of the Predicted GLCs in the Nearby Areas ........................................... 308
Table 4-7 List of Solvents Proposed and its Toxicity Characteristics ..................................... 311
Table 4-8 Solvent Balance for the Proposed Project ............................................................. 313
Table 4-9 Estimated peak predicted traffic due to the proposed project ............................. 318
Table 4-10 Water and Wastewater Balance for the Proposed ZLD ....................................... 323
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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Table 4-11 Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal ........................................................ 324
Table 5-1 Alternative Sites Considered .................................................................................. 331
Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring during Project Construction Phase ............................ 335
Table 6-2 Environmental Monitoring Programmes during Operation Phase........................ 336
Table 6-3 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan ................................................... 337
Table 7-1 LOC scenarios considered for the Study ................................................................ 345
Table 7-6 Suggested Medical Tests under Occupational Health Surveillance Programme... 360
Table 9-1 Pre Construction Run Off Estimation ..................................................................... 384
Table 9-2 Post Construction Run off Estimation .................................................................... 385
Table 9-3 Rainwater Harvesting Scheme for the Proposed Project Site ............................... 386
Table 9-4 The list of suitable tree species for green belt development ................................ 389
Table 9-5 Cost Break-up of EMP Budget ................................................................................ 392
Table 9-6 CSR Budget Classification for a period of 10 years ................................................ 395
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Figure 1-2 Project Location- 10 Km Radius .............................................................................. 41
Figure 1-3 Typical View of the Proposed Site .......................................................................... 42
Figure 2-1 Google Earth Image showing the Proposed Project Site ........................................ 55
Figure 2-2 Master Plan for LPA Derabassi, Punjab overlayed on Google Earth ...................... 55
Figure 2-3 Master Layout of the Proposed Project Location ................................................... 58
Figure 2-4 Process Flow Diagram for Alpha Lipoic Acid ........................................................... 60
Figure 2-5 Process Flow Diagram for Amiodarone Hydrochloride .......................................... 64
Figure 2-6 Process flow Diagram of Atropine Sulphate Mono hydrate................................... 68
Figure 2-7 Process Flow Diagram of Chlorzoxazone ............................................................... 72
Figure 2-8 Process Flow Diagram for Clopidogrel Besylate ..................................................... 76
Figure 2-9 Process Flow Diagram of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form-2 ...................................... 80
Figure 2-10 Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form 1 ............................................................................. 83
Figure 2-11 Process Flow Diagram of Cycloserine ................................................................... 86
Figure 2-12 Manufacture of Dexketoprofen Trometamol ....................................................... 90
Figure 2-13 Process Flow Diagram of Diethylcarbamazine citrate .......................................... 93
Figure 2-14 Manufacture of Febuxostat .................................................................................. 96
Figure 2-15 Process Flow Diagram of Homatropine Hydrobromide ..................................... 100
Figure 2-16 Process Flow Diagram of Homatropine Methyl Bromide ................................... 104
Figure 2-17 Process Flow Diagram of Ketorolac Tromethamine ........................................... 109
Figure 2-18 Process Flow Diagram of Levofloxacin hemihydrate .......................................... 116
Figure 2-19 Process Flow Diagram of Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate ...................................... 120
Figure 2-20 Process Flow Diagram of Pregabalin .................................................................. 124
Figure 2-21Process Flow Diagram of Rabeprazol Sodium ..................................................... 126
Figure 2-22 Process Flow Diagram of Rebamipide ................................................................ 130
Figure 2-23 Process Flow Diagram of Atorvastatin Calcium .................................................. 134
Figure 2-24 Process Flow Diagram of Celecoxib .................................................................... 138
Figure 2-25 Process Flow Diagram of Clarithromycin ............................................................ 141
Figure 2-26 Process Flow Diagram of Flurbiprofen ............................................................... 147
Figure 2-27 Process Flow Diagram of Rosavastain Calcium .................................................. 153
Figure 2-28 Process Flow Diagram of Strontium Ranelate .................................................... 158
Figure 2-29 Process Flow Diagram of Ketoprofen from CEBA ............................................... 162
Figure 2-30 Process Flow Diagram of Ketoprofen from Ketoprofen Nitrile .......................... 165
Figure 2-31 Process Flow Diagram of Sertraline Hydrochloride ............................................ 168
Figure 2-32 Process Flow Diagram of triss buffer .................................................................. 172
Figure 2-33 Process Flow Diagram of Vilagliptin ................................................................... 174
Figure 2-34 Process Flow Diagram of 1-Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide ........................................... 178
Figure 2-35 Process Flow Diagram of Bromo butyric acid ..................................................... 181
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
List of Figures
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Figure 2-36 Process Flow Diagram of Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl Malonate Magnesium Salt ....... 184
Figure 2-37 Process Flow Diagram of Para nitrobenzyl alcohol ............................................ 186
Figure 2-38 Process Flow Diagram of hydro bromic acid ...................................................... 188
Figure 2-39 manufacture of para nitro benzyl bromide ........................................................ 189
Figure 2-40 Process Flow Diagram of Para Nitrobenzyldehyde (PNBD) ................................ 191
Figure 2-41 Process Flow Diagram of BMQ .......................................................................... 194
Figure 2-42 Process Flow Diagram of BMC ............................................................................ 196
Figure 2-43 Process Flow Diagram of CBA ............................................................................. 199
Figure 2-44 Water Balance of the Proposed Project ............................................................. 209
Figure 2-45 Flow Diagram of the Proposed Incinerator ........................................................ 211
Figure 3-1 Topo Map showing the Study Area ...................................................................... 214
Figure 3-20 Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations ..................................................... 243
Figure 3-21 Site Photographs of AAQ Monitoring in the Study Area .................................... 244
Figure 3-22 The trends of PM2.5 concentration in the Study Area......................................... 248
Figure 3-23 The trends of PM10 concentration in the Study Area ......................................... 249
Figure 3-24 The trends of SO2 concentration in the Study Area ............................................ 250
Figure 3-25 The trends of NOX concentration in the Study Area ........................................... 251
Figure 3-26 The trends of CO concentration in the Study Area ............................................. 252
Figure 3-27 Noise Sampling Locations in the Study Area ...................................................... 253
Figure 3-28 Photographs of Noise Monitoring ...................................................................... 253
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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Figure 3-29 Ghaggar River Basin ............................................................................................ 255
Figure 3-24 Depth to Water Level Map ................................................................................. 257
Figure 9-3 Proposed Effluent Treatment Plant and Zero Liquid Discharge System .............. 380
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
ISCST3 Industrial Source Complex Short Term Version 3
IMD Indian Meteorological Department
IRS Indian Remote Sensing
IBA Isobutyl Alcohol
LDAR Leak Detection and Repair
LISS Linear Imaging Self Scanning System
LU/LC Land Use /Land Cover
MDC Methylene Dichloride
MEE Multiple Effect Evaporator
MMA Monomethyl amine gas
MoEF & CC Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change
MTBE Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NABET National Accreditation Board for Education and Training
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
List of Abbreviation
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NABL National Accreditation Board for Laboratories
NOx Oxides of Nitrogen
OHC Occupational Health Centre
PM Particulate Matter
R & R Rehabilitation and Resettlement
RO Reverse Osmosis
SCL Saurav Chemicals Limited
SO2 Sulphur Dioxide
SOI Survey of India
TBAB Tetra butyl ammonium bromide
TDS Total Dissolved Solids
THF Tetrahydrofuran
TLC Thin Layer Chromatography
ToR Terms of Reference
TSDF Treatment Storage & Disposal Facilities
USEPA The United States Environmental Protection Agency
VOC Volatile Organic Compounds
ZLD Zero Liquid Discharge
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
List of Annexure
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LIST OF ANNEXURE
Annexure-1 Acquired Land Documents, Land Conversion Letter from PBIP, Govt of Punjab
Annexure-2 Copy of Issued ToR
Annexure-3 Copy of NABET Accreditation Letter of Consultancy & Copy of NABL Accreditation Letter for Lab
Annexure-4 ToR Compliance Statement
Annexure-5
Copy of Common Application Form submitted to Punjab Investment Bureau for various approvals including ground water drawal permission and Application Letter for obtaining CGWA NOC to The Regional Director, CGWB
Annexure-6 Test reports for Soil Quality Monitoring
Annexure-7 The input and output files of the modelling exercise
Annexure-8 Membership Letter and Waste Offtake Agreement of SCL with M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited, Nimbuan, MOU with Cement Industry for Co-processing the hazardous waste.
Annexure-9 Public Hearing Proceeding
Annexure-10 Report of Quantitative Risk Assessment Study
Annexure-11 Disaster Management Plan with MSDS of all proposed chemicals
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Section-1, Introduction
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1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 About the Company
Saurav Chemicals Limited (SCL) established in the early 90’s SCL offers a wide range of Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) and Intermediates to its customers worldwide. SCL’s
products are exported to Europe, Japan, Russia, South and Central America, ASEAN, West
Asia, MENA regions.
SCL’s manufacturing facilities have been built to comply with EU GMP and U.S. FDA norms,
and the API facility has been successfully certified as EU GMP compliant five times by the
European Authorities. Latest certification was carried out by German Health Authority, Berlin
in AUG-2012. Besides manufacturing, SCL also operates a pharmaceuticals trading and
distribution business offering Generic API and Pharmaceutical Ingredients. SCL’s participation
in areas across the pharmaceuticals industry ensures firsthand, leading-edge knowledge and
bolsters our strength as a partner to customers and suppliers alike.
In 2013, Mitsubishi Corporation, Japan became a Partner in SCL by acquiring an Equity stake
in the Shareholding of SCL. This partnership is expected to bring huge advantage to SCL
through access to the Japanese market as well as in different parts of the world through MC’s
wide spread distribution network.
1.2 Proposed Project
M/s Saurav chemicals proposing it’s green field API bulk drug manufacturing unit situated at
The proposed project will manufacture about 40 API & intermediate products with a total
production capacity of 233.73 TPM. The proposed plant will be fully equipped with Zero
Liquid Discharge system (ZLD) and full-fledged environmental pollution monitoring and
control systems complying with the all MoEF&CC standards. The total land acquired for the
project is 22.804 acres. The land documents and Change of Land Use (CLU) Letter from the
concerned authority are attached as Annexure-1.
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1.3 Location of the Project Site
M/s Saurav chemicals proposing it’s green field API bulk drug manufacturing unit situated at
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab. The site location is presented in Figure 1.1 10 km
radius of the site is presented in Figure 1.2. The typical view of the proposed site is given in
Figure 1.3
Figure 1-1 Project Location
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Figure 1-2 Project Location- 10 Km Radius
Points Latitude & Longitude
1 Lat :30°36'29.05"N
Long:76°54'33.70"E
2 Lat :30°36'35.46"N
Long:76°54'36.79"E
3 Lat :30°36'40.90"N
Long:76°54'38.52"E
4 Lat :30°36'46.98"N
Long:76°54'41.33"E
5 Lat :30°36'43.38"N
Long:76°54'44.14"E
6 Lat: 30°36'36.76"N
Long: 76°54'45.76"E
7 Lat:30°36'33.91"N
Long:76°54'41.69"E
8 Lat:30°36'33.30"N
Long:76°54'37.44"E
9 Lat:30°36'29.16"N
Long:76°54'38.30"E
N
10 km radius 7.16 km
Scale
Khol Hi-Raitan
Wildlife Sanctuar
y 7.16 km from the northern boundary from the
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Figure 1-3 Typical View of the Proposed Site
1.4 Environmental Setting
The facility is mainly boarded by pharmaceutical industries like Parabolic drugs Alkem labs,
Nectar life sciences, Rajasthan liquors, Aster Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Barwla industrial
estate etc. The details of environmental setting around the project site is given in the
following Table.1.1.
Table 1-1 Environmental Setting for the Proposed Project Site
S. No. Particulars Details
1 Latitude Presented as above
2 Longitude
3 Site Elevation above MSL 323 m
4 Topography Plain
5 Present land use at the site Barren land
6 Nearest highway NH 73-North East direction (2.6 km aerial distance)
7 Nearest railway station Chandigarh 20 km aerial distance
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S. No. Particulars Details
8 Nearest airport Chandigarh 12 km aerial distance
9 Nearest town / city Chandigarh 20 km aerial distance
10 Water body Ghaggar River, 4.5 km
11 Nearest Port Nil
12 Hills / valleys Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary Hills- 7.16 km from the northern boundary
13 Archaeologically important places Nil
14 National parks / Wildlife Sanctuaries Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary Hills- 7.16 km from the northern boundary
15 Reserved / Protected Forests Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary Hills- 7.16 km from the northern boundary
16 Seismicity Zone III as per seismic zone map of India 2002
17 Defence Installations Nil
18 Industries Located in the 10 km radius
Parabolic drugs, Nimbua TSDF facility, Manu international, Alkem labs, Nectar life sciences, Rajasthan liquors, Aster Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Barwla industrial estate and etc.,
19 State Boundary Haryana state boundary 3 km aerial distance from the East side of the proposed project site
1.5 Need and importance for the Project
Saurav Chemicals is now supplying the Active Pharma Ingredients (API) to leading Formulation
companies across the world. It is committed for environmental protection as a drive for
growth and contributes to value creation with innovative and sustainable solutions for
customers and for many industries from different countries across the globe. At the same
time, SCL research and development is focused on addressing the key trends for developing
and producing quality ingredients which are used for curing harmful diseases. Producing
superior quality products by finding cost-effective methods and environmental friendly
operations for developing products, enables it for providing better service.
Bulk drugs manufactured at SCL are the raw material for many medicine manufacturers
around the globe. Enormous amount of bulk drug products from India are exported to Global
markets. To remain as a significant player in the international market and to meet the
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increasing demand of bulk drugs in India and abroad, SCL has proposed a new bulk drug API
unit at, Punjab.
1.6 Employment Generation
The establishment of the new project generates numerous employment opportunities for the
local residents and the nearby people. This project will ensure a large employment scope for
the people around the nation. The employment is made directly or indirectly to enhance the
socioeconomic aspects of the people. During construction stage contractual employee will be
about 200 & permanent employee will be around 50 and during operational phase on full
capacity permanent employees will be around 1000 and contractual employee will be about
400.
1.7 Need for the EIA study
According to the Environmental Impact Assessment Notification issued by Ministry of
Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) under Environment Protection Act
2006, Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries are required to obtain Environmental Clearance
for any expansion or modernization.
The proposed Greenfield project falls under category “A” under sector 5(f) of the EIA
Notification, 2006 and its amendment. Since the proposed project site does not fall under any
notified industrial area, public consultation has been conducted on 08.06.2018 as per the
The proposed project was appraised by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate
Change (MoEF&CC) and accorded standard Terms of Reference (ToR) vide File no. No.IA-J-
11011/438/2017-IA-II(I), Dated 26th October 2017 and the copy of the ToR is enclosed as
Annexure 2.
1.9 Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Study
The EIA study was undertaken in conformity with the guidelines of Ministry of Environment,
Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC), covering all the aspects of the conditions mentioned
in the Terms of Reference issued by MoEF &CC.
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This EIA study was undertaken by M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services, a NABET accredited
EIA consulting organisation with specific project related inputs required for undertaking the
EIA studies from the project proponent of M/s. Saurav chemical Limited.
M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services is authorized to undertake EIA studies for Synthetic
Organic Chemicals industry as per the NABET accreditation scheme. A copy of the
accreditation status is presented in Annexure 3.
1.10 Overview of the Methodology of the EIA study
The Environmental Impact Assessment Report was prepared based on the Standard ToR given
by MoEF&CC. A summary compliance statement to the specific conditions of the terms of
reference is presented in Annexure 4.
The environmental impact assessment study team headed by an accredited EIA Coordinator
along with the approved Functional Area Experts has undertaken detailed baseline studies
from 25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018. Various physiochemical parameters such as
meteorology, air quality, water quality, noise level recording, and soil quality were
undertaken by M/s. Interstellar Testing Centre Pvt Ltd, which is an MoEF&CC and NABL
accredited testing agency. Copies of the accreditation of the lab are presented in Annexure
3.
Micro-meteorological data comprising of hourly readings of wind speed, wind direction, dry
bulb temperature, relative humidity, rainfall were measured by installing an onsite
meteorological station at the SCL project site. Micro-meteorological data was adopted for
generating wind-rose diagrams and also to predict the ground level concentrations due to
release of emissions due the proposed facility.
Ambient air quality was measured at eight (8) locations in the study area as per the methods
and procedures suggested by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). Air quality sampling was
undertaken for period of 12 weeks and a total of 192 samples were taken. Stipulated criteria
pollutants such as particulate matter size less than 10 microns (PM10), particulate matter size
less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ammonia (NH3),
ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Benzene and
Particulate phase Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP) were analyzed at all the locations. The measured
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background air quality data was compared with that of the prevailing National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQs) and this will also form the basis for predicting the cumulative air
quality scenario due to operation of the proposed facility.
Ground water samples from 8 locations, Surface water sample from Ghaggar River were
collected and analyzed for all the designated parameters. The measured values were
compared with drinking water standards. Secondary data on the regional ground water status
was also collected from Central Ground Water and State Ground Water Board. Walkthrough
surveys were undertaken to assess the current status of the water resources. The major
cropping pattern and irrigation methods etc were also collected from local village offices and
also published district census data.
Land use and land cover was mapped using remote satellite imagery, IRS P6, LISS III satellite
dated 16th March 2017. The data was processed using applicable software models and level 1
and level 2 land use classification within the study area was developed. Digital Elevation
Model of the study area was developed to assess the terrain conditions.
Flora and fauna survey was undertaken in the study area and all spotted ecological and
biological aspects were mapped based on grid sampling method. Bio-diversity density and
abundance were estimated.
Primary socioeconomic survey was undertaken in the core zone of 2.5 km radius of the study
area to capture the socioeconomic conditions, major occupation of the people, drinking water
and sanitation facilities, transportation and other amenities in the study area, with a specific
reference to the settlements located within 5 Km radius of the project site. Based on the
socioeconomic survey, a need based Community Development Plan under Corporate Social
Responsibility (CSR) was suggested.
A detailed review on the process and material balance of the proposed operations were
undertaken. Water and material balance diagrams were developed for the proposed project.
In addition a detailed review on the process technology, material balance, source of raw
materials, fuels etc were also studied. A typical review on the process equipment, various
pollution control systems proposed details of wastes and discharges that are envisaged from
the proposed project were also undertaken. Such inputs were adopted while predicting
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various environmental impacts due to operation of the facility and also to suggest an
appropriate environmental management plan and environmental monitoring plan.
As a part of the Environmental Impact Assessment Study, an attempt was made to predict the
possible and likely impacts on background environment. Likely air quality impacts due to
release of emissions from the proposed project components were modelled using ISCST3, a
USEPA approved model. Ground level concentration of criteria pollutants such as particulate
matter, sulphur dioxide, oxides of nitrogen was estimated using the same model. Hourly
meteorological data generated at the project site was adopted to assess ground level
concentrations. 2nd Highest ground level concentrations were predicted and concentration
isopleths of the above-mentioned pollutants were plotted. The predicted ground level
concentrations of the respective pollutants were added to the prevailing baseline
concentrations of the designated pollutants to assess the likely cumulative post project
scenario and such values were compared with the National Ambient Air Quality Standards.
Noise generating sources and the expected noise levels (with and without control measures)
were estimated and were evaluated with the NAAQS w.r.t noise as prescribed by the
MoEF&CC.
In addition to the above aspects, the positive environmental benefits arising from community
development plans under CSR programs in the vicinity of the project site were also studied.
Based on a detailed environmental impact assessment study, a comprehensive environmental
management plan was developed covering the following aspects: construction phase
environmental management plan, Operational phase environmental management plan for air
quality management plan, noise and water quality management plan, wastewater treatment,
reuse, recycling and disposal program, solid and hazardous waste collection, storage and
disposal program, socioeconomic and community development plan. An outline of the
proposed environmental management plan is presented in this report.
In addition to this, Project site is not located in any notified Industrial Estate/ Industrial area.
Hence, the public consultation for the project was conducted as per the EIA Notification, 2006
on 8th June 2018 which was attended by 265 persons.
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A preliminary risk assessment study will be undertaken to assess the residual risks, if any, due
to storage and handling of solvents due to the proposed project. Based on the risk assessment
study, recommendations were suggested to ensure that necessary emergency response plan
is adopted.
1.11 Regulatory Context
The following environmental laws are applicable to the proposed project: Environment
Protection Act 1986, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1974, Air (Prevention
and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Storage and handling of hazardous material, Hazardous
and Other waste (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules.
The following guidelines and regulations are applicable for the proposed project: EIA
Notification and its amendments, Emission and wastewater discharge standards stipulated by
Ministry of Environment and Forests and Punjab Pollution Control Board, Noise level
standards, National Ambient Air Quality Standards, minimum stack height requirements
specified by Central Pollution Control Board etc.
1.11.1 Ambient Air Quality Standards
The criteria pollutants that are regulated under the Environmental Protection Act are
Particulate Matter size less than 10 microns (PM10), Particulate Matter size less than 2.5
Carbon Monoxide (CO), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Arsenic (As), Benzene and Particulate phase
Benzo(a)Pyrene (BaP). Summary of the Ambient Air Quality standards are presented in
Table1.2.
Table 1-2 National Ambient Air Quality Standards
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Pollutant Time Weighted
Average
Concentration in Ambient Air
Industrial, Residential, Rural
and Other area
Ecologically sensitive area (notified by
central government)
Sulphur dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 50 20
24 hrs** 80 80
Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 40 30
24 hrs ** 80 80
Particulate Matter (Size less than 10 µg) (PM10) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 60 60
24 hrs ** 100 100
Particulate Matter (Size less than 2.5 µg) (PM2.5) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 40 40
24 hrs ** 60 60
Ozone (O3) (µg/m3) 8 hrs ** 100 100
1 hrs ** 180 180
Lead (Pb) (µg/m3) Annual Average* 0.5 0.5
24 hrs ** 1.0 1.0
Carbon monoxide (CO) (mg/m3)
8 hrs ** 2 2
1 hrs ** 4 4
Ammonia (NH3) (µg/m3)
Annual Average* 100 100
24 hrs ** 400 400
Benzene (C6H6) (µg/m3)
Annual* 5 5
Benzo(a) Pyrene (BaP)- Particulate phase only (ng/m3)
Annual* 1 1
Arsenic (As) (ng/m3) Annual* 6 6
Nickel (Ni) (ng/m3) Annual* 20 20 * Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. ** 24 hourly/8 hourly/1 hourly monitored values, as applicable, shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a year. However 2% of the time, it may exceed the limits but not on two consecutive days of monitoring.
1.11.2 Air Emissions Discharge Standards
According to the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) emission discharge standards for
synthetic Organic Chemicals industry, the boiler emissions standards will be applicable as per
the existing emission regulations. Particulate matter emissions from point source emissions
from plant should not exceed 50 mg/Nm3.
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1.11.3 Minimum Stack Height Standards
According to the environmental protection rules, a minimum stack height will be defined
based on the total SO2 emission released from the stack using empirical formula (14 x (Q)0.3),
where Q is expressed in SO2 emission rate in Kg/hr).
1.11.4 Work-Zone Noise Standards
Noise levels in the work-zone area should not exceed 85 dB(A) for a cumulative exposure time
of eight hours. The Central Pollution Control Board has finalized the Ambient Air Quality
standards in respect of Noise under Section 16 (2) (h) of the Air (Prevention & Control of
Pollution) Act, 1981 as amended in 1987 as follows:
Table 1-3 General Noise Standards
Area Code Category of Area Limits in dB(A) Leq
Day Time Night Time
A Industrial Area 75 70
B Commercial Area 65 55
C Residential Area 55 45
D Silence Zone 50 40
Definition Day time: between 6 AM and 10 PM, Night time: Between 10 PM and 6 AM Silence Zone: Areas upto 100 metres around such premises as hospitals, educational institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns, loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones. 1.11.5 Drinking Water Specification as per IS 10500:2012
Drinking water shall comply with the requirements given in Tables 1.4
Table 1-4 Organoleptic and Physical Parameters
S.No. Characteristic Permissible Limit in the Absence of
Alternate Source
i Colour, Hazen units, Max 15
ii Odour Agreeable
iii pH value No relaxation
iv Taste Agreeable
v Turbidity, NTU, Max 5
vi Total dissolved solids, mg/l, Max
2000
vii Iron (as Fe), mg/l, Max No relaxation
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S.No. Characteristic Permissible Limit in the Absence of
Alternate Source
viii Total hardness (as CaCO3), 600
iX Total alkalinity as calcium carbonate, mg/l, Max
600
1.11.6 Hazardous and Other Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary
Movement) Rules, 2016
The Ministry of Environment and Forest & Climate Change, Government of India, has enacted
the above rules so as to ensure effective collection, storage, treatment, transport, reception,
import and disposal of hazardous wastes. Any occupier or unit, generating hazardous wastes
and involved in the collection, storage, treatment, transport, reception import and disposal
of hazardous wastes should obtain authorisation of the Pollution Control Board.
All units generating or handling hazardous wastes more than the regulatory quantities will
have to apply for the authorisation of the Board in a prescribed form. In the rules introduced
in the year 2016, Schedule I, rule 3 (1) (17) (i) 38 categories of processes generating hazardous
wastes were listed. The Table 1.5 gives standards applicable to Synthetic Organic Chemicals
industry.
Table 1-5 List of Hazardous Wastes as Applicable to Synthetic Organic Chemicals industry
S. No Processes Hazardous waste
1 5. Industrial operations using mineral/synthetic oil as lubricant in hydraulic systems or other applications
2 21. Production and/or industrial use of paints, pigments, lacquers, varnishes, plastics and inks
21.1 Wastes and residues 21.2 Spent Solvent
3 26. Production or industrial use of synthetic dyes, dye-intermediates and pigments
26.1 Process waste sludge/residues containing acid or other toxic metals or organic complexes 26.2 Dust from air filtration system 26.3 Spent Acid 26.4 Spent Solvent 26.5 Spent catalyst
4 33. Handling of Hazardous Chemicals and Wastes
33.1 Empty barrels/containers/liners contaminated with hazardous chemicals /wastes
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S. No Processes Hazardous waste
33.2 Contaminated cotton rags or other cleaning materials
5 34.1 Chemical-containing residue from decontamination 34.2 Sludge from treatment of waste water arising out of cleaning / disposal of barrels / containers
5 35.Purification process for exhaust air/gases, water and wastewater from the processes in this schedule
35.1 Exhaust air or gas cleaning residue 35.2 Spent ion exchange resin containing toxic metals 35.3 Chemical sludge from wastewater treatment 35.4 Oil and grease skimming 35.5 Chromium sludge from cooling water
1.12 Structure of the EIA Report
This EIA report is structured into 11 chapters as below:
Chapter 1 – Introduction
Chapter 2–(Details of the Proposed Project) presents details of the proposed Products,
process and material balance, raw-materials and details of various supporting facilities
required for the project, and an outline of the project cost and project implementation
schedules.
Chapter 3- (Baseline Environmental Status) presents a comprehensive description of the
baseline environmental conditions of the study area including site specific mixing heights and
ground level inversion conditions. This includes the data obtained from primary surveys and
also secondary published data from various authentic sources. All the specified environmental
components such as meteorological data, air quality, noise levels, surface and ground water
resources, surface and ground water quality, geological and mineralogical features, soil
quality, land use and land cover in the study area, cropping pattern, ecological and biological
environmental conditions and socioeconomic and cultural aspects of the Plant site. All the
relevant aspects as mentioned in the Terms of Reference (ToR) were thoroughly addressed.
Chapter 4 – (Prediction of Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures) presents the
environmental aspects associated with the proposed project, envisaged emissions and
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discharges from the facility, an overview of various pollution control systems proposed under
project planning activities in the detailed project report and construction and operational
phase environmental impacts.
Chapter 5 – Analysis of Alternatives
Chapter 6 – Environmental Monitoring Program
Chapter 7- (Additional Studies) this chapter describes various additional studies carried out
for the project. Public Consultation/Public Hearing was carried out to take the views and
comments of the public on the proposed project. Qualitative Risk Assessment and Risk
Mitigation Plan present the risk mitigation plan, a preliminary onsite emergency and disaster
management plan. These details are given in this chapter
Chapter 8 – (Project Benefits) presents the benefits of the project.
Chapter 9 – (Environmental Management Plan) depicts the summary of proposed
environmental management plan
Chapter 10-(Conclusion) presents the Conclusion of EIA report
Chapter 11 – (Disclosure and Declaration by Consultant) presents the declaration by the EIA
consultant organisation as per the NABET requirements.
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2 DETAILS OF THE PROPOSED PROJECT
2.1 Overview
M/s Saurav chemicals is proposing it’s green field API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) bulk
drug manufacturing unit which will be situated at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi,
Distt, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab. The proposed project will manufacture about 40
API and Intermediate products with a total production capacity of 233.7 TPM.
The proposed plant will be fully equipped with Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system and full-
fledged environmental pollution monitoring and control systems complying with the all
MoEF&CC standards.
Overview of the proposed project requirements are presented in Table 2.1.
Table 2-1 Overview of the Project Requirements
Parameter Units Details
API and Intermediate products Nos 40
API and Intermediate products Capacity TPM 233.7
Total Land acquired for the project acres 22.15438
Total fresh water requirement m3/day 150
Steam Requirement TPD 120
Proposed Boilers TPH 5X2
Fuel requirement (bio briquettes) TPD 35
Power requirement KW 3000
DG sets KVA 3 X 1000
Direct and Indirect Employment Persons 1400
The proposed project consists of;
➢ Raw Material Storage
➢ Underground Solvent Storage facilities
➢ Finished products storage facilities
➢ Bio-briquettes storage and handling
➢ Raw water intake, raw water treatment facilities
➢ Wastewater collection and treatment facilities
➢ Various supporting facilities including stand-by Diesel generator for emergency power
supply, fire fighting and protection systems, canteen and administrative building.
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2.2 Land for the Project
The total area acquired for the project is 22.80 acres. The project site is situated at Village
proposed project land is barren and no rehabilitation or resettlement is required. The
proposed site is located about 20 km aerial distance from the Chandigarh city. The Google
Earth Image of the project site is presented in the Figure 2.1. The total land acquired for the
project is not falling under any notified industrial area, but is falling under Free Enterprise
Zone (FEZ). The Master Plan for Local Planning Area (LPA) Derabassi, Punjab overlayed on
Google Earth image showing the project site location is represented in the Figure 2.2. The
land documents with survey number details are attached as Annexure-1. The copy of Change
of Land Use (CLU) from the concerned authority is also attached in the same Annexure-1.
Figure 2-1 Google Earth Image showing the Proposed Project Site
Figure 2-2 Master Plan for LPA Derabassi, Punjab overlayed on Google Earth
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As per the EIA notification 2006, 10 km radius from the project site has been considered as
the study area. As per the environmental setting of the study area, Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife
sanctuary Hills is located at 7.16 km from the northern boundary of the project site which is
presented in detail in Chapter 1. As per the site survey the proposed land terrain was found
to be plain and barren. The site photographs are presented in Chapter 1 of the EIA report.
Ghaggar River is situated on the Western side of the proposed project site within the study
area. The average mean sea level at the site is about 323 m.
2.2.1 Details of alternative sites considered
There were total two alternative sites considered for the proposed project. Photographs of
the land along with the site co-ordinates are presented in the Table 2.2.
Saurav Chemicals Project Site
falling under FEZ area
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Table 2-2 Alternative Sites Considered
Photograph Location
Latitude: 30°36'1.28"N Longitude: 76°55'0.66"E
Latitude: 30°36'21.75"N Longitude: 76°55'6.46"E
The above locations were rejected as both of the sites were cultivated and also due to the
irregularities present in the land which may incur more cost due to soil/sand filling.
2.3 Project Site Utilization Plan
The proposed project site will be optimally utilized for the proposed project. Site Layout plan
is developed to accommodate the main plant, supporting facilities including the waste
management facilities. The Master Layout of the proposed project site is presented in the
Figure 2.3 and the Land use breakup of the plant is presented in the Table 2.3.
Table 2-3 Land Use Pattern of the Proposed Site
S. No. Description Area in Acres
1 Built up area 8.5
2 Solvent Storage Area 0.5
3 Effluent Treatment Plant Area 0.4
4 Green belt area
7.5
5 Roads and Vacant Land 5.25
6 Common Roads outside Plant 0.65
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Total 22.80
Figure 2-3 Master Layout of the Proposed Project Location
2.4 Process Description
2.4.1 Proposed Products
Based on the growing market conditions and requirement SCL has proposed to manufacture
forty products with an overall production capacity of 233.7 TPM. The products are presented
in Table 2.4
Table 2-4 List of Proposed Products
S. No. Products Production (TPM)
1 Alpha Lipoic Acid 2.50
2 Amiodarone Hydrochloride 0.83
3 Atropine Sulphate 0.02
4 Chlorzoxazone 3.33
5 Clopi Bsylate 2.50
6 Clopi Form-2 2.50
7 Clopi Form-1 2.50
8 D-Cycloserene 2.50
9 Dexketoprofen trometamol 3.33
10 Diethylcarbamazine Citrate 5.00
11 Febuxostat 2.50
12 Homatropine Hydrobromide 0.08
13 Homatropine MethylBromide 0.42
14 Ketorolac Tromethamine 0.29
15 Levofloxacin hemihydrate 3.33
NORTH
Parking area
Raw material Storage
Production blocks
Utilities
Underground Solvent
storage tanks
ETP/ZLD
QA/QC block
Canteen
Green Belt area
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S. No. Products Production (TPM)
16 Loxoprofen Sodium 8.33
17 Pregabalin 2.50
18 Rabeprazole Sodium 0.83
19 Rebamipide 8.33
20 Atorvastatin 2.50
21 Celecoxib 4.17
22 Clarithromycin 4.17
23 Flurbiprofen 0.83
24 Rosuvastatin 0.83
25 Strontium Ranelate 1.67
26 Ketoprofen From CEBA 3.33
27 Ketprofen from Keto Nitrile 3.33
28 Sertraline Hydrochloride 2.50
29 Tris Buffer 0.83
30 Vidagliptin 2.50
31 Acetoxy EthylBromide 41.67
32 BromoButyric Acid 2.50
33 Cholo Acid 2.50
34 Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl malonate magnesium salt
4.17
35 Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol(PNBA) 8.33
36 HBr 48% 41.67
37 Para nitro benzyl bromide (PNBBr) 41.67
38 Para Nitrobenzyldehyde(PNBD) 0.42
39 4-Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one(BMQ) 8.33
40 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl(BMC) 4.17
Total Production(TPM) 233.7
2.4.2 Manufacturing Process of Alpha Lipoid Acid
ALA-I / Stage-I:
6, 8-Dichloro ethyl caprylate in Toluene in the presence of Tetra butyl ammonium bromide
(TBAB) reacts with Sodium Sulphide flakes (60%), Sulphur powder in DI Water. Stir, heat and
maintain with clarity of solution, filter, and addition and wash the mass with DI Water (Hot).
Maintain and check reaction by GC. Stir, cool, Separate the layers. Organic layer with carbon
treatment & pass through hyflow and collect Organic layer (Toluene layer) which is Alpha
Lipoic acid (ALA-I / Stage-I).
ALA-II / Stage-II:
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Sodium hydroxide flakes with DI Water will be dissolved in the presence of Tetra butyl
ammonium bromide (TBAB) and heated then charged with ALA-I / Stage-I organic layer
(Toluene layer), stirred, maintained to separate the layer. Aqueous layer quench in (Hot) DI
Water solution and check the reaction by HPLC. Stir, cool and adjust pH then isolate, then
again dissolve in DI Water. Stir, cool and adjust pH then crystallize the crude. Filter wash with
DI Water. Dry the materials. Dry material obtained is Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA-II / Stage-II)
(Crude). Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA-II / Stage-II) (Crude) materials dissolves in Toluene and
Cyclohexane, stir, maintain & pass through micron, cool and crystallize the Alpha Lipoic acid
(ALA-II / Stage-II). Filter and wash with (chilled) Cyclohexane. Dry the material. Dry material
obtained is Alpha Lipoic acid (ALA-II / Stage-II).
Figure 2-4 Process Flow Diagram for Alpha Lipoic Acid
REACTOR
ORGANIC LAYER
50OC-55OC REACTION
TANK
FILTRATION
REACTION TANK
FITRATION
HYFLOW BED
WASHING
AQEOUS LAYER
SETTLING TANK
WASH WITH TOLUENE
WATER+SODIUMSULPHATE+SULPHUR POWDER
6,8 DICHLOROETHYLCARPRYLATE+TERTRA
BUTYLAMMONIUMBROMIDE+TOLUENE
ACTIVATED CARBON
REACTION PRE HEATED CYCLOHEXANE
+TOLUENE+ 30 % NaOH+ 5% H2SO4
PRODUCT
NaOH Flakes+H2O+
TETRAABUTYL AMMONIUM BROMIDE
Hyflow
Process loss
Process loss Aqueous layer
Hyflow with bed
Toluene with cyclohexane mixture)
Hyflow
Hyflow/ Activated carbon with pad (1.8)
Sold to authorized vendors
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Table 2-5 Material Balance of Alpha Lipoid Acid
Product No: 1, Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.5 TPM
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in
T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 2.5 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day Particular
Quantity in T/T of product
Quantity (T per 2.5 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day Fate of Output
Total 134.9 337.3 11244.8 134.9 337.3 11244.8
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2.4.3 Manufacturing Process of Amiodarone Hydrochloride
Stage-I
Iodo compound reacts with DEAEC.HCl in presence of Potassium carbonate to give
Amiodarone which is isolated in the form of hydrochloride salt with IPA.HCl as a crude
product.
Stage-II
Crude Amiodarone hydrochloride dissolved in IPA, charcolized on heating, filtered, on cooling
Amiodarone hydrochloride is crystallized to give Amiodarone hydrochloride pure.
Figure 2-5 Process Flow Diagram for Amiodarone Hydrochloride
FILTRATION
REACTION
REACTION TANK
REACTION
FILTRATION HYFLO BED
REACTION TANK
WASHING
REACTION TANK
DRYING
WASHING
DEAECH.HCl+ DI WATER+TOLUENE+IODO COMPOUND
POTASSIUM CARBONATE
DI WATER +TOLUENE
ENO CARBON
TOLUENE
IPA + HCl + ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ISO PROPYL ALCOHOL
PRODUCT
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Table 2-6 Material Balance for Amiodarone Hydrochloride
0.75 0.62 20.8 Waste carbon 0.40 0.33 10.9 To Incinerator
6 Hyflo 0.25 0.21 6.8 Other loss 1.64 1.36 45.4
7 Eno. Carbon 0.05 0.04 1.4
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S.No
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (per 0.83
TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
T/ T of product
Quantity (per 0.83
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
8 Isopropyl alcohol
3.95 3.28 109.4
9 IPA.HCl 0.45 0.38 12.6
Stage-2
5 Crude Amiodarone hydrochloride
1.14 0.94 31.4 Amiodarone Hydrochloride
1.00 0.83 27.7 Finished Goods
Isopropyl alcohol
5.34 4.43 147.8 Recovered IPA 4.06 3.37 112.2 Will be sold to
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2.4.4 Manufacturing Process of Atropine Sulphate Mono hydrate
Stage-01: - Preparation of Tropine hydrochloride: -
Tropine will be dissolved in Acetone and filtered through fine Hyflo bed to get the clear solution.
Slowly IPA HCl will be added in it to obtain product precipitation. Reaction mass is filtered under
nitrogen and dried under vacuum to obtain Tropine hydrochloride.
Stage-01A: -
DL-Tropic acid will react with Acetyl chloride in presence of Methylene dichloride as a solvent.
After completion of reaction by TLC, add the DMF in it in catalytic amount. Slowly added Thionyl
chloride and finally, Light yellow colored oily mass obtained. (i.e. Acid chloride of acetyl tropic
acid).
Stage-02: -
Tropine hydrochloride reacts with stage-01 Acid chloride in Methylene dichloride. After
completion of reaction by TLC, Methylene dichloride is distilled out atmospherically and then
under vacuum to remove the traces of Methylene dichloride. After degassing add dilute solution
of aq. Hydrochloric acid. After completion of reaction by HPLC, extract the product in Methylene
dichloride in basic pH. After complete workup Methylene dichloride distilled out under vacuum
and co distilled out with acetonitrile and the product is isolated in Acetonitrile. In this stage
Atropine Base is formed
Stage-03: -
Atropine Base is reacted with acid to form Atropine Sulphate
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Figure 2-6 Process flow Diagram of Atropine Sulphate Mono hydrate
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Table 2-7 Material Balance for Atropine Sulphate
Product No: 3, Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.02 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.02
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 0.02 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
Stage -1
1 Tropine 0.98 0.02 0.7 Tropine hydrochloride
0.98 0.02 0.65 Intermediate
2 Acetone 8.41 0.17 5.6 Rec. Acetone 6.72 0.13 4.48 In Process
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.02
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 0.02 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
23 Isopropyl alcohol 5.647 0.113 3.8 Recovered IPA 4.471 0.089 2.98 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
Vapor loss 1.176 0.024 0.78 Loss
Solid residue for 2nd crop
0.176 0.004 0.12 To Incinerator
Total 65.928 1.319 44.0 65.928 1.319 44
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2.4.5 Manufacturing Process of Chlorzoxazone
Stage-I
2-Amino-4-chlorophenol reacts with Urea and hydrochloric acid in the presence of Sodium
Hydrosulphite, the completion of reaction is monitored by TLC. After reaction the reaction mass
is cooled to room temperature, filtered, the product is washed with water and then dried to give
Chlorzoxazone crude (Stage-I).
Stage-II
Stage-I Chlorzoxazone crude is dissolved in methanol in reflux, Eno carbon is added and then
filtered through hyflo bed. Methanol is distilled out partially, cooled in ice bath. The product is
then filtered washed with chilled methanol, dried to give Chlorzoxazone finish product.
Figure 2-7 Process Flow Diagram of Chlorzoxazone
Reaction tank
Washing (15-20 min)
Reaction tank
Reaction tank3
Washing (30-45min))
Tray dryer
HCl+Amonia-4-chlorophenol+urea+hydrosulphite
DI water
DI water + wet material
DI water
Final product
Methanol+ eno carbon
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Table 2-8 Material Balance of Chlorzoxazone
Product No: 4 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 3.33 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Particular
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
Stage-1
1 2-Amino-4-chlorophenol
1.212 4.036 134.5 Chlorzoxazone crude (Stage-1)
1.333 4.440 148.00 Intermediate
2 Urea 2.182 7.265 242.2
Aq. ML (Water+sodium chloride+unreacted Urea+ ammonium chloride)
18.061 60.142 2004.73 To ETP
3 hydrochloric acid 4.121 13.724 457.5
Other loss 0.485 1.615 53.82 Loss 4 Sodium Hydrosulphite
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Particular
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
Hyflo 0.227 0.755 25.2 Carbon waste+Rec. Loss
3.600 11.988 399.60 To
Incinerator
8 Eno Carbon 0.467 1.554 51.8 Methanol ML 1.467 4.884 162.80 Will be sold
Other loss 1.827 6.083 202.76 Loss Total 50.705 168.849 5628.3 50.705 168.849 5628.3
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2.4.6 Manufacturing Process of Clopidogrel Besylate
amine) reacts with 37% formaldehyde solution in the presence of Methylene dichloride, Sodium
hydroxide and DI Water to form cyclised complex compound then further reacts with Benzene
sulphonic acid (BSA) in the presence of Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and Methyl tertiary butyl ether
(MTBE) to form Clopidogrel besylate (Crude) (Stage-I / CPG-II-I).
Stage-II / CPG-II-II:
Clopidogrel besylate (Crude) (Stage-I / CPG-II-I) purified with Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) and Methyl
tertiary butyl ether (MTBE) to form Clopidogrel besylate (Stage-II / CPG-II-II).
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Figure 2-8 Process Flow Diagram for Clopidogrel Besylate
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Table 2-9 Material Balance for Clopidogrel Besylate
Product No: 5 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
5 DI Water 11.789 29.474 982.5 Centrifuge ML (Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) +
4.480 11.200 373.33
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity ( T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity (kgday)
Fate of Output
Methyl tertiary butyl ether (MTBE)
6 Benzene sulphonic acid (BSA)
0.404 1.011 33.7
Process loss 4.237 10.594 353.12 7 Isopropyl alcohol (IPA)
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2.4.7 Manufacturing Process of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form-2
Couple amine hydrochloride Reacts with Para-Formaldehyde in the presence of water and work
up with Methylene Chloride and Sulphuric acid solution and sodium bicarbonate solution.
Generate Sulphate salt with Sulphuric acid to Form Clopidogrel Bisulfate and Isolate with
Acetone.
Figure 2-9 Process Flow Diagram of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form-2
REACTION TANK
(66-68OC)
SEPARATION SEPARATION (10-15OC)
MDC LAYER (10-15OC)
WASHING
DRYING
DISTILLATION
MDC FILTRATION HYFLO BED
REACTION TANK
(75-78OC)
FILTRATION
FILTRATION REACTION MASS
(25-30OC)
DISTILLATION WASHING
WASHING DRYING
(35-40OC)
Water+MDC+couple
amine+HCl+paraformal
Aqueous layer
MD H2SO4 DI water
Sodium sulphate
Acetone+ eno C
IPA+H2SO4
IPA
Final Product
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Table 2-10 Material Balance of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form-2
Product No: 6 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 2.50
TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
1 Coupled amine 1.3 3.1 104.2 Clopidogrel
Bisulfate Form 2
1.0 2.5 83.33 Final
Product
2 Sodium bicarbonate
0.1 0.3 10.4 MDC Recovery 8.0 19.9 663.54 Re-Use
3 Methylene Dichloride (MDC)
11.4 28.4 947.9 MDC loss 3.4 8.5 284.38
4 Water 22.8 56.9 1895.8 Acetone 18.0 45.0 1500.00 Re-Use
5 Acetone 22.5 56.3 1875.0 Acetone loss 4.8 11.9 395.83
6 Sulphuric acid 0.4 1.0 33.3
Effluent 28.8 72.0 2400.52
7 Sodium sulfate 0.0 0.1 2.6
8 Eno carbon 0.0 0.1 3.1
9 Cone hydrochloric acid
0.1 0.2 5.2
10 Paraformaldehyde 0.3 0.7 22.9
11 Hyflow 0.1 0.3 10.4
12 IPA 5.0 12.5 416.7
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Total 63.9 159.8 5327.6 63.9 159.8 5327.60
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2.4.8 Manufacturing Process of Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form 1
Clopidogrel bisulfate (Form-II) is treated with Methanol in the presence of n-Butyl acetate to
formed Clopidogrel bisulfate (Form-I).
Figure 2-10 Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form 1
Reactor
Distillation
DRYING
washing
Seeding
Final product
Methanol+Clopidogrel bisulfate form2
Clopiform1+ n-Butyl
Acetate
Methanol
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Table 2-11 Material Balance for Clopidogrel Bisulphate Form 1
Product No: 7 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
1 Clopidogrel bisulfate (Form-II)
1.09 2.72 90.6 Clopidogrel bisulfate (Form-I)
1.0 2.5 83.33
FG
2 Methanol 4.29 10.73 357.8 Centrifuge ML (N-Butyl acetate)
17.0 42.4 1413.04
Saleable
3 N-Butyl acetate 18.17 45.43 1514.5 Process loss 5.7 14.3 475.54
4 Clopidogrel bisulfate (Form-I)
0.11 0.27 9.1
Total 23.7 59.2 1971.9 23.7 59.2 1971.92
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2.4.9 Manufacturing Process of Cycloserine
Stage-I / CLS-I:
(Preparation of Methyl –D-Serinate Hydrochloride from D-Serine)
D-Serine reacts with Thionyl chloride at 500C in the presence of Methanol and Acetone to give
Methyl-D-serinate hydrochloride. (Stage-I).
Stage-II / CLS-II:
(Preparation of 3-Chloroserine methyl ester Hydrochloride from Methyl –D-Serinate
Hydrochloride.)
Methyl-D-serinate hydrochloride (Stage-I) reacts with Thionyl chloride at 500C in the presence of
1, 4-Dioxane and Acetone to give 3-Chloroserine methyl ester hydrochloride (Stage-II).
Stage-III (Crude) / CLS-III (Crude):
(Preparation of D-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidinone from 3-Chloroserine methyl ester Hydrochloride.)
3-Chloroserine methyl ester hydrochloride (Stage-II) reacts with Hydroxylamine Hydrochloride in
the presence of Sodium hydroxide, acetic acid and methanol to give Cycloserine (D-4-Amino3-
isoxazolidinone) Crude (stage-III).
Stage-IV (Pure) / CLS-IV (Pure):
(Preparation of D-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidinone (Pure) from D-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidinone (Crude).
D-4-Amino-3-isoxazolidinone (Crude) is purified in ethanol to give Cycloserine or D-4-Amino3-
isoxazolidinone or stage-IV (Pure).
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Table 2-12 Material Balance of D-Cycloserene
Product No: 8 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
Stage -1
1 D-Serine 2.07 5.18 172.5
Methyl-D-serinate hydrochloride (Stage-I)
3.0 7.5 250.17 Intermediate
2 Thionyl chloride 4.87 12.16 405.5 Centrifuge ML (Methanol)
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6 Thionyl chloride 3.93 9.83 327.7 Centrifuge ML (1, 4-Dioxane)
23.6 59.1 1968.86
7 1, 4-Dioxane 21.64 54.11 1803.7 Washing ML (Acetone)
10.4 26.0 868.10
8 Acetone 11.56 28.89 963.2 Process loss 3.2 8.1 270.19
1.37 3.42 114.1 Activated carbon + Hyflow bed (wet)
6.2 15.5 515.73 To
Incinerator
11 Sodium hydroxide
2.852 7.130 237.7 Separated salt (Wet)
2.9 7.1 237.66 To
Incinerator
12 Methanol 27.938 69.845 2328.2 Inprocess distill Water
16.2 40.6 1352.31 To ETP
13 Acetic acid 1.198 2.995 99.8 Centrifuge ML 25.6 63.9 2129.47 To ETP
14 DI Water 19.450 48.626 1620.9 Process loss 4.0 10.1 335.11
15 Hyflow 0.285 0.713 23.8
16 Activated carbon 0.257 0.642 21.4
17 Hydrochloric acid
0.171 0.428 14.3
18 8-Hydroxy Quinoline
0.040 0.100 3.3
Stage-4
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20 Ethanol 4.096 10.241 341.4 Centrifuge ML 5.805 14.513 483.75 To ETP
21 Water 2.596 6.489 216.3 Process loss 1.456 3.639 121.31
Total 134.563 336.407 11213.6 134.563 336.407 11213.6
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2.4.10 Manufacturing Process of Dexketoprofen Trometamol
Ketoprofen is recimised using N-octyl-D-glucamine which is then isolated using HCl acid. Isolated
pure isomer is then reacted with Tromethamine to make Dexketoprofen.
Figure 2-12 Manufacture of Dexketoprofen Trometamol
Reaction tank
50-55oC
Cooling 25-300C Filtration Washing
Reaction
tank
Drying
Heating Cooling
Filtratio
n
Reaction
tank
Wet
material
Cooling
200C±2
Washing
Reaction Washing
drying
Filtration
Reaction Filtration
/ washing
Check
for
Seeding dexketoprofentromenta
nol
Heating/
cooling
Washing Hyflo
bed
Reaction
Drying
50-55oC
Washing
Filtration
Ethyl acetate
NaOH+DI water
DI H2O
Methanol+tromethamine
Methanol
Final product
DI water
DI water
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Table 2-13 Material Balance of Dexketoprofen Trometamol
Product No: 9 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 3.33 TPM
7 DI Water 44.755 149.033 4967.8 Other loss 0.40 1.34 44.55
8 Dexketoprofen Seeding material
0.002 0.006 191.2
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13 Eno carbon 0.022 0.074 2.5 Other loss 0.88 2.94 98.09 Loss
14 Hyflo supercell 0.185 0.617 20.6
15
Dexketoprofen Trometamol Seeding material
0.001 0.002 0.1
Total 79.838 265.861 8862.02 79.838 265.861 8862.02
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2.4.11 Manufacturing Process of Diethylcarbamazine citrate
Stage-I
N-Methyl Piperazine reacts with Diethyl carbamyl chloride (DECCl) in presence of sodium
hydroxide to give Diethyl carbamazine base. The crude product is separated as oily layer.
Stage-II
Crude Diethyl carbamazine base is subjected to high vacuum distillation to get pure Diethyl
carbamazine base.
Stage-III
Diethyl carbamazine base reacts with Citric acid solution in IPA to form Diethyl carbamazine
citrate which is isolated by filtration as crude product.
Stage-IV
Crude Diethyl carbamazine citrate dissolved in acetone, charcolized on heating, filtered, on
cooling Diethyl carbamazine citrate is crystallized to give pure product.
Figure 2-13 Process Flow Diagram of Diethylcarbamazine citrate
REACTION TANK
(50-55OC)
COOL REACTION
MASS SEPARATION ORGANIC
LAYER
DISTILLATION (100-1500C)
FILTERATION
WASHING
DRYING HEAT TO REFLUX
FILTRATION WASHING
N-Methylpiperazine+ NaOH+ DECCl
NaOH+DI
water
Heat+high
vacuum
VACUUM DRYING
IPA
Acetone+eno
carbon Acetone
PRODUCT
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Table 2-14 Material Balance of Diethylcarbamazine citrate
Product No: 10 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 5 TPM
5 Stage-I 0.9 4.7 158.2 Stage-II 0.60 2.99 99.68 Intermediate First fraction 0.16 0.81 26.90 To ETP Residual salt 0.09 0.47 15.82 To ETP Other loss 0.09 0.47 15.82 Loss
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2.4.12 Manufacturing Process of Febuxostat
Stage-I
Ethyl 2-(3-formyl-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate (KSM) reacts with
ammonia in presence of cupric acetate monohydrate in autoclave to give Ethyl 2-(3-cyano-4-
isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate which is isolated from MDC methanol mixture.
Stage-II
Ethyl 2-(3-cyano-4-isobutoxyphenyl)-4-methylthiazole-5-carboxylate hydrolyzed to give
Febuxostate in presence of sodium hydroxide and tetrahydrofuran. The crude product is isolated
from water by adjusting pH of the solution.
Stage-III
Crude Febuxostate dissolved in acetone, charcoalised on heating, filtered, acetone distilled out
completely. Again acetone added and Febuxostate is crystallized by cooling give pure product.
Figure 2-14 Manufacture of Febuxostat
Methanol
Auto clave (95-100OC)
Cool rxn
DRYING
WASHING
FILTERATION 5-10OC
EXTRACTIOMDC
DRYING FILTRATION WASHING COOL
(20-25OC)
HYFLO FILTRATION
ACETONE+NORIT CARBON FILTERATION/
WASHING DRYING
WASHING DRYING WASHING/ SEEDING
KSM+DMF+ Acetonitrile+ Cupric Acetate monohydrate
Liquid ammonia
Pre cooled water
HCl
Water
Norit carbon+Methanol
NaOH+THF
Final product
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Table 2-15 Material Balance of Febuxostat
Product No: 11 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
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20 Norit CN1carbon 0.12 0.29 9.8 Acetone ML 3.18 7.94 264.71 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
21 Di water 0.01 0.03 1.0 Carbon waste 0.40 1.00 33.33 To ETP
22 Seeding (Stage-III) 0.06 0.15 4.9 Other loss 2.49 6.24 207.84
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2.4.13 Manufacturing Process of Homatropine Hydrobromide
Stage-01
The Homatropine base is dissolved and charcoalised in acetone and filtered through Hyflo bed.
The temperature of clear filtrate ML is cooled down up to 0 to 100C temperature and aq.
Hydrobromic acid solution is added in it within two hrs. During addition product is precipitated.
Reaction mass is stirred for 2-3 hrs. The product is then filtered and slurry is washed with acetone
to obtain stage-01 after drying.
Stage-02
The Homatropine hydrobromide stage-01 is dissolved and charcoalised in methanol and filtered
through Hyflo bed at 60-650C temperature. After filtration it is followed by cooling temperature
to 0 to 50C and stirred for 2.0 hrs. During cooling product is precipitated. After two hrs of
maintaining the product is then filtered and washed with methanol to obtain stage-02 after
drying.
Figure 2-15 Process Flow Diagram of Homatropine Hydrobromide
Reaction Carbon filtration
Washing Acetone+HMT base+hydrobromicacid+carbon
Maintainin
Filtration
Stage no1
Drying
Acetone
Stage no1
Cooling Drying Filtration
Stirring
Homatropine
Methanol
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Table 2-16 Material Balance of Homatropine Hydrobromide
Product No: 12 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.08 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
0.08 TPM)
Quantity kg/day
Particular Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
0.08 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
Stage -1
1 Homatropine base
1.0 0.1 2.7 Stage-01 1.20 0.10 3.20 Intermediate
2 Acetone 19.5 1.6 52.0 Acetone rec. 15.60 1.25 41.60 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
3 aq. Hydrobromic acid
0.8 0.1 2.2 Vapor loss 3.80 0.30 10.13 Loss
4 Carbon 0.1 0.0 0.1
Solid for ETP (Hyflo, Charcoal, Undissolved mass, residue etc)
0.86 0.07 2.30 To Incinerator
5 Hyflo 0.1 0.0 0.3
Stage-2
6 Homatropine hydrobromide stage-01
1.20 0.10 3.2 Homatropine hydrobromide
1.00 0.08 2.67 Finished product
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7 Methanol 3.56 0.28 9.5
Methanol recovery 2.67 0.21 7.12 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
Vapor loss 0.79 0.06 2.09 Loss
Solid residue for 2nd crop
0.30 0.02 0.80 To Incinerator
Total 26.22 2.10 69.9 26.22 2.10 69.9
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2.4.14 Manufacturing Process of Homatropine Methyl Bromide
DL-Mandelic acid is reacted with methanol in presence of Sulphuric acid to get methyl ester of
DL-Mandelic acid which is insitu reacted with Tropine in presence of heptane and Sodium
methoxide. After completion of reaction product was extracted in aqueous hydrochloric acid and
product layer washed with methylene dichloride to remove unwanted impurities. Aqueous layer
is basifying with liq. ammonia and product is re-extracted in methylene dichloride. Methylene
dichloride is distilled off under vacuum to get Homatropine base which is purified in acetone and
then mixture of acetone and hexane.
The purified Homatropine base (Stage-01) is dissolved and charcoalised in acetone and filtered
through hyflo. Methyl bromide solution is added in clear filtrate reaction mass and stirred for 16-
18 hr. to get product precipitated. Solid Product is filtered and slurry washed with acetone. After
drying to get stage-02.
Stage –02 is purified in methanol and acetone to get Homatropine methyl bromide stage-03.
Stage –03 is re-purified in methanol and acetone to get Homatropine methyl bromide pure
(i.e.03P).
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Figure 2-16 Process Flow Diagram of Homatropine Methyl Bromide
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Table 2-17 Material Balance of Homatropine MethylBromide
Product No: 13 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.42 TPM
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9 Eno carbon 0.05 0.02 0.7 Vapor Loss 3.86 1.62 54.01 Loss
10 Acetone 39.29 16.50 550.1
Solid for ETP (Hyflo, Charcoal, Undissolved mass , residue etc)
0.20 0.08 2.80 To
Incinerator
11 Hexane 1.43 0.60 20.1 Acetone and methanol mixture
18.19 7.64 254.66
Will be sold to
authorized vendors
12 Hydrochloric acid(30-35%)
2.05 0.86 28.7 Vapor Loss 1.98 0.83 27.66 Loss
13 Liq.Ammonia (15-20%)
1.51 0.64 21.2 Aqueous layer for ETP
18.41 7.73 257.78 To ETP
14 Sodium Chloride
0.64 0.27 9.0
Sodium Sulphate fro ETP
0.23 0.10 3.22 To ETP 15
Sodium Sulphate
0.22 0.09 3.1
16 DI-water 13.20 5.54 184.8
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2.4.15 Manufacturing Process of Ketorolac Tromethamine
Stage-I / KTM-I:
Morpholine and Benzoyl chloride condensed in the presence of sodium hydroxide and DI Water
to give Benzoyl morpholine (Stage-I / KTM-I).
Stage-II / KTM-II:
Benzoyl morpholine (Stage-I / KTM-I) reacts with pyrrole in the presence of phosphorous
oxychloride at 30-35 ºC to give benzoyl pyrrole. Benzoyl pyrrole further reacts with Sodium
hydroxide and Liquid bromine in Methylene dichloride to give 2, 3-Dibromo-5-benzoylpyrrole
is hydrogenated in the presence of Hydrogen gas, Nitrogen gas, 5% Pd-C, Methanol, DI Water,
Sodium carbonate and Sodium hydroxide to acidified with Hydrochloric acid to form Ketorolac
base / acid (Stage-V / KTM-V).
Stage-VI / KTM-VI:
Ketorolac base / acid (Stage-V / KTM-V) is reacted with Tromethamine in the presence of Acetone
& DI Water to produce Ketorolac Tromethamine (Stage-VI / KTM-VI).
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Figure 2-17 Process Flow Diagram of Ketorolac Tromethamine
Reaction tank (10-15oC)-(25-30OC)
Separation Degassing Reaction tank25-300C
Cooling
0-5oC
Drying
Cooling 25-30oC
Reaction tank 40-45oC
Wash Centrifuge
RT Distillation Rxn mass Reactor
Wash centrifuge
Cooling 20-30oC 55-60oC
Ethylenedichloride+bromine
Pressure filter
Hydrogenator
RT(hydroquinone)
Cooling 50-55OC
65-70OC MDC+methanol+water
25-30OC
RT 70-75OC
RT 25-300C
Drying Centrifuge wash
Total reaction
mass
Filter wash
Reaction mass (tromethamine+ketorolactrometha
minr)
Washing drying
Rxn mass
Final product
Pet ether
Phosphorous oxy chloride
DMSO
NaOH+sodiumcarbonate+methanol
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Table 2-18 Material Balance of Ketorolac Tromethamine
Product No: 14 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.29 TPM
4 Sodium hydroxide 0.63 0.18 6.1 Centrifuge ML Pet-ether (60-80º)
1.6 0.5 15.04
5 DI Water 5.71 1.66 55.2 Process loss 2.5 0.7 23.86
6 Pet-ether (60-80º) 2.10 0.61 20.3 0.00
Stage-2
7 Benzoyl morpholine (Stage-I / KTM-I)
1.59 0.46 15.3 Stage-II 2.0 0.6 19.18 Intermediat
e
8 Phosphorus oxychloride
2.62 0.76 25.3 Inprocess distill Methylene
3.0 0.9 29.46
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
18 Spiro ester 1.11 0.32 10.7 Centrifuge acidic Methanol ML
12.3 3.6 118.53
19 Potassium carbonate (Anhydrous)
0.95 0.28 9.2 Centrifuge aqueous ML
20.4 5.9 196.79
20 Methanol 11.76 3.41 113.6
Process loss 3.5 1.0 33.45 21 Sulphuric acid 1.43 0.41 13.8
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
27 Potassium hydroxide powder
0.377 0.109 3.6
Inprocess distill Methanol + DI Water mixture
25.4 7.4 245.69
28 Methylene dichloride
16.98 4.93 164.2 Hyflow with activated carbon (Wet)
4.5 1.3 43.35 To
incinerator
29 DI Water 67.90 19.69 656.3 Aqueous layer 33.0 9.6 319.35 To ETP
30 Methanol 26.39 7.65 255.1 Centrifuge ML 34.2 9.9 330.28
31 Sodium hydroxide flakes
0.76 0.22 7.4
Process loss 10.7 3.1 103.14 32 Activated carbon 0.12 0.03 1.2
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
37 DI Water 28.19 8.18 272.5 Pd-C (Wet) 1.2 0.3 11.47
38 Methanol 9.17 2.66 88.6 Eno carbon with Hyflow (Wet)
2.1 0.6 19.95 To
incinerator
39 Sodium hydroxide flakes
0.13 0.04 1.3 Centrifuge ML 35.1 10.2 338.85
40 Sodium carbonate 0.45 0.13 4.4
Process loss 2.1 0.6 20.26
41 5% Pd-C (Dry) 0.09 0.03 0.9
42 Eno carbon 0.12 0.04 1.2
43 Hyflow 0.05 0.01 0.5
44 Magnesium oxide 0.02 0.01 0.2
45 Hydrochloric acid 1.23 0.36 11.9
46 Pet-ether (60-80º) 0.43 0.12 4.1
47 Sodium dithionite 0.03 0.01 0.2
Stage-6
48 Ketorolac base / acid (Stage-V / KTM-V)
0.80 0.23 7.7 Stage-VI 1.0 0.3 9.67 Intermediat
e
49 Acetone 10.90 3.16 105.4 Eno carbon with Hyflow (Wet)
1.4 0.4 13.06 To
incinerator
50 Eno carbon 0.12 0.03 1.2 Centrifuge ML 9.7 2.8 93.53
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 0.29 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
51 Hyflow 0.04 0.01 0.4 Process loss 1.0 0.3 9.99
52 Tromethamine 0.40 0.12 3.9
53 DI Water 0.80 0.23 7.7 Ketorolac Tromethamine (Stage-VI / KTM-VI)
1 0.29 9.67 54
Ketorolac Tromethamine (seeding)
0.002 0.001 0.02
Total 346.9 100.6 3352.9 346.9 100.6 3352.90
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2.4.16 Manufacturing Process of Levofloxacin hemihydrate
Levofloxacin Q- acid is reacted with N-methyl piperazine in presence of DMSO to gives
levofloxacin crude after completion of reaction. Levofloxacin crude is charcoalised in chloroform
and distilled off under vacuum then again co-distilled out with methanol to get dry solid powder
which is stirred in 8-10% moisture contained methanol and filtered to get levofloxacin stage-01
after drying.
Levofloxacin stage-01 is stirred in ethyl acetate with 2.0 % moisture for 2.0 to 3.0 hrs. and filtered
to get levofloxacin hemihydrate after drying.
Figure 2-18 Process Flow Diagram of Levofloxacin hemihydrate
Reaction
Crude Distillation
Drying Purification
Filtration
Stirring tank
Stirring
Final Product
Ethyl
N-Methyl
piprazine+DMSO
Methanol
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Table 2-19 Material Balance of Levofloxacin hemihydrate
Product No: 15 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.29 TPM
S.No
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
Stage-1
1 Levofloxacin Q- acid
1.1 3.7 123.3 levofloxacin hemihydrate
1.00 3.33 111.00 Finished product
2 N-methyl piperazine
0.7 2.2 74.0 Residue 0.81 2.70 90.03 To Incinerator
8 Hyflo 0.1 0.2 6.2 Effluent 0.07 0.22 7.40 To ETP Total 21.2 70.6 2352.0 21.2 70. 6 2352.0
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2.4.17 Manufacturing Process of Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate
Stage-01: - Loxoprofen Acid
2-(4 Bromomethyl) phenyl propionic acid (BMPA) is reacted with methanol in presence of
Sulphuric acid at 8-120C temperature for 5.0 hrs. After completion of reaction by HPLC, reaction
work-up is done by adding water and Toluene. Material is re-extracted with toluene and
Combined toluene layer is washed with H2O followed by 10.0% solution of sodium carbonate.
Toluene layer is dried through anhydrous sodium sulphate and washed with Toluene.
In another reactor methyl-2-oxo-cyclopentan carboxylate (M2CPC) is reacted with Potassium
carbonate in presence of Dimethyl formamide and toluene. In situ-01 toluene layer is slowly
added at 0-50C temperature within 60 to 120.0 min. After addition of in situ-01, temperature of
reaction mass is raised up to 50-600C and maintained for 6.0 hrs. After 6.0 hrs reaction is
monitored by HPLC. After completion of reaction, cool down the reaction up to 20-250C and work
up is done at room temperature with Water, hydrochloric acid and Toluene. Distillation and
degassing of toluene is done at below 550C temperature to obtain oily mass. After complete
degassing, hydrochloric acid is added. Maintained the temperature of reaction mass 100-1100C
for 8.0 hrs and reaction is monitored by HPLC. After complies of reaction, work up is done by
extraction with toluene and water washing. Toluene layer is charcoalised and dried through
sodium sulphate. After hyflo bed filtration, distillation and degassing of toluene is done at below
550C temperature. After degassing Oily mass is crystallized in ethyl acetate and Cyclohexane.
Filtration is done at 0-50C and wet cake is again purified in ethyl acetate and Cyclohexane.
Material is dried under vacuum at 400C to get dried material of LPS stage-01. Stage-02: -
Loxoprofen sodium hydrate
Stage -01 is dissolved in acetone and charcoalised twice by Eno carbon and filtered through
sparkler filter. 30.8 % sodium hydroxide solution is added in reaction mass at 40-450C then cool
down temp. 5-100C and filtered the material Dried the material under vacuum for 2.0 hrs at room
temperature then 6.0 hrs at 33-370C to get Loxoprofen sodium hydrate.
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Figure 2-19 Process Flow Diagram of Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate
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Table 2-20 Material Balance of Loxoprofen Sodium Hydrate
Product No: 16 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 8.33 TPM
5 DI-water 16.5 137.4 4580.8 Vapor Loss 5.4 44.7 1490.52 Loss
6 Sodium Carbonate
0.1 1.1 35.2
Residue 0.4 3.2 105.71 To
Incinerator 7
Methyl 2-oxocyclopentane ester
0.8 6.8 225.5
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18 DI water 0.5 4.0 132.1 Acetone Loss 1.5 12.1 404.34
19 Sodium hydroxide
0.1 1.2 40.7 ETP Wastage 0.3 2.4 79.28
20 Eno-Carbon 0.2 1.6 52.9 Residue 0.6 4.9 162.08
To Incinerator 21 Hyflo 0.1 0.8 26.4
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 8.33 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per
8.33 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
Total 60.1 500.2 16674.3 60.1 500.2 16674.3
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2.4.18 Manufacturing Process of Pregabalin
RCMH reacts with Sodium hypochlorite in presence of water & sodium hydroxide at 2 to 8°C and
pH is maintained with HCl 5.8 – 6.2. Stirred & filtered at 25 -30°C. Then purified with water & Iso
propyl Alcohol, then dried to obtain Pregabalin.
Figure 2-20 Process Flow Diagram of Pregabalin
RBF
Cooling Reaction Drying RBF
Stirring 15-
Cooling
Drying Washing
Filtration
H2O+IPA
IPA+H2O
Final product
Filtration
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Table 2-21 Material Balance of Pregablin
Product No: 17 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50TPM
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2.4.19 Manufacturing Process of Rabeprazol Sodium
Stage-01:
2-Mercapto Benzimidazole reacts with Chloro compound in presence of DI Water & Acetone to
obtain Stage-01.
Stage-02:
Stage –01 intermediate reacts with sodium hypochlorite in presence of acetonitrile the reaction
is terminated with sodium sulphite & washed with ammonium acetate solution, it is then washed
with water and crystallized with acetonitrile to obtain Stage-02 intermediate.
Stage-03:
Stage –02 intermediate reacts with sodium hydroxide in presence of methanol & crystallized with
acetone to convert to product acetone complex/ Stage-03.
Stage-04:
Acetone complex /Stage-03 breaks in presence of Iso propyl acetate & crystallized with isopropyl
acetate to get Rabeprazole Sodium.
Figure 2-21 Process Flow Diagram of Rabeprazol Sodium
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Table 2-22 Material Balance of Rabeprazol Sodium
Product No: 18 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.83 TPM
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
0.83 TPM)
Quantity kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 0.83 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
11 Sodium Chloride 0.67 0.55 18.4 loss in air 6.3 5.2 174.20
19 Sodium hydroxide 15.42 12.80 426.5 loss in air 2.1 1.7 57.64
20 Acetone 8.24 6.84 227.9 Acetone (recovered)
6.3 5.2 172.92 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
21 Activated Carbon 0.14 0.12 3.8 loss in air 2.0 1.6 54.95
22 Hyflow 0.14 0.12 3.8 ETP 16.0 13.3 441.90
Stage-4
23 Acetone complex /Stage-03
1.11 0.92 30.7 Rabeprazole Sodium
1.0 0.8 27.67 Finished Product
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
0.83 TPM)
Quantity kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 0.83 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
24 Iso propyl acetate 9.44 7.84 261.3 Isopropyl Acetate (recovered)
8.3 6.9 230.56 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
25 DI Water 0.03 0.03 0.9 loss in air 1.1 0.9 30.74
26 Seeding 0.02 0.02 0.6 Effluent 0.2 0.1 4.61 To ETP Total 117.94 97.89 3263.1 117.9 97.9 3263.09
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2.4.20 Manufacturing Process of Rebamipide
Stage-01: 4-(Bromomethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one (BMQ) reacts with Diethyl 2-(4-chlorobenzamido)
malonate (DCB) in the presence of Sodium Ethoxide, Ethanol, DI water and Acetic acid to form
or Rebamipide intermediate Stage-I reacts with potassium hydroxide under methanol to form
potassium salt of Rebamipide stage-II which is further reacts with Acetic acid, under Methanol,
Conc. HCL and water to form Rebamipide stage-II after filtration and drying.
Figure 2-22 Process Flow Diagram of Rebamipide
Final product
Water+ wet material
Reaction
tank 13-
Stirring tank
60-90min
Filtration Washing
Reactor Filtration RBF Filtration
Washing
Washing Filtration Cooling Temperatu
Washing Filter RBF
Methanol+acetic acid
Potassium Hydroxide + methanol + activated carbon
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Table 2-23 Material Balance of Rebamipide
Product No: 19 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 8.33 TPM
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2.4.21 Manufacturing Process of Atorvastatin Calcium
Stage-I: SIPA reacts with hydrogen in presence of ammonical IPA. SIP Ammonia reacts with
pirvalic acid in presence of IPA converts to SIPA ammonia. PVA. (Stage-I)
Stage-II: Stage-I reacts with DKT-3 in presence of cyclohexane converted to PKIPA.
Stage-III: PKIPA is stirred in methanol and hydrochloric acid solution for several hours after
complete reaction of deketalization, pH adjustment is done with sodium hydroxide and stirred
for several hours.
After complete hydrolysis reaction, methanol is distilled off. Thereafter reaction mass in
methanol – water mixture is washed with methyl tertiary butyl ether.
pH adjusted by aqueous acetic acid solution of the aqueous solution and then solution of calcium
acetate is added. Crystallized atorvastatin calcium crystalline is isolated, washed with water
several times and dried under vacuum. The dried atorvastatin calcium crystalline (Form-II is
milled, blended,shifted (Fit sieve with sifter machine) is packed
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Figure 2-23 Process Flow Diagram of Atorvastatin Calcium
Reaction
tank
Tray dryer
Reaction
tank
Reaction tank (250C-
300C) Hyflow bed
Filtration
Hydrogenator
(30-350C/0.5KG/c
m2), (9-10kg/cm2350C
-42OC) Hydrogenator
Distillation
Washing
Separation
DRYING
RBF
Reaction
tank
RBF
RBF
RBF
Hyflow bed
Filtration DISTILLATION RB RB Reaction
tank
RBF
Hyflow bed
Filtration
Reaction
tank
Reaction
tank
IAP+SIPA+DI
water+ammonia
IPA+chilled hexane
N- methylpyrolidine+cyclohexane+DKT+SIPAM+PEG
Cyclohexane+MTBE
Sodium bicarbonate solution
MTBE
aq layer+MTBE
Activated carbon
MTBE+IPA+DIH2O+PKIPA
HCl+PKIPA+MeOH
WATER+MTBE+NaOH
Activated carbon
Product
DI water+atorvastin calcium acetate
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Table 2-24 Material Balance of Atorvastatin Calcium
Product No: 20 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
10 DKT-3 2.2 5.6 186.7 Cyclohexane 11.4 28.5 950.62 Will be sold
to authorized vendors
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 2.50
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
11 n-Methyl Pyrrolidine
0.9 2.3 77.2 MTBE 17.2 43.1 1435.19 Will be sold
to authorized vendors
12 PEG-400 0.0 0.0 0.2 lose in Air 3.1 7.9 262.35
13 Cyclohexane (Fresh)
11.4 28.5 950.6 IPA 17.8 44.4 1481.48 Will be sold
to authorized vendors
14 IPA 22.2 55.6 1851.9 lose in Air 4.4 11.1 370.37
15 DI Water 32.5 81.3 2711.4
Effluent 36.8 92.1 3069.60 To ETP
16 PKIPA (for seeding)
0.1 0.1 4.6
17 Activated Carbon/Charcoal
0.1 0.1 4.6
18 Hyflow 0.2 0.5 15.4
19 Sodium Bicarbonate
0.6 1.6 54.0
20 MTBE 20.4 50.9 1697.5
Stage-3
21 PKIPA 1.667 4.167 138.9 atorvastatin calcium
1.0 2.5 83.33 Finished Product
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2.4.22 Manufacturing Process of Celecoxib
4,4,4-trifluro-1-(4-methylphenyl)-1,3-butanedione (DIONA) is reacted with 4
sulphonamidophenyl hydrazine hydrochloride(SAPH.HCL) in presence of DI water and IPA to
gives Celecoxib(CLX) crude after completion of reaction. CLX crude is purified in DI water and
Isopropyl alcohol (IPA) after Hyflow filtration from crystallization.
Figure 2-24 Process Flow Diagram of Celecoxib
Reaction tank
Separation
Washing
Purification tank (55-70OC)
Filtration
washing
Drying
IPA+DI water
Acetic acid+DIONA+SAPH.HCl
IPA+Celecoxib crude
Final Product
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Table 2-25 Material Balance of Celecoxib
Product No: 21 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 4.17 TPM
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2.4.23 Manufacturing Process of Clarithromycin
Stage-1 / CLM-I:
Erythromycin Thiocyanate reacts with Hydroxyl amine hydrochloride in presence of
Triethylamine, ammonium hydroxide solution, methanol and isopropyl alcohol to form
Erythromycin oxime (Stage-I / CLM-I).
Stage-II / CLM-II:
Erythromycin oxime (Stage-I / CLM-I) reacts with 2- Methoxypropene in the presence of Pyridine
hydrobromide with methylene Dichloride gives Intermediate-A, which again reacts with
Hexamethyl disilazane (HMDS) to give the Intermediate-B. Intermediate-B then reacts with
Methyl iodide, Toluene and Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) in the presence of potassium hydroxide
to give Intermediate-C, which again Intermediate-C reacts with formic acid and sodium
bisulphate in the presence of De-natured Sprit to gives Clarithromycin (Crude).
Stage-III / CLM-III:
Clarithromycin (Crude) is purified in absolute alcohol to give Clarithromycin (Semi-pure).
Stage-IV / CLM-IV:
Clarithromycin (Semi-pure) purified in absolute alcohol to give Clarithromycin (Pure).
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Figure 2-25 Process Flow Diagram of Clarithromycin
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Table 2-26 Material Balance of Clarithromycin
Product No: 22 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 4.17 TPM
3 Triethylamine 1.1 4.8 159.4 Centrifuge ML (Aqueous layer)
19.20 80.06 2668.8
0 To ETP
4 ammonium hydroxide
7.4 30.7 1023.0 Centrifuge ML (Isopropyl alcohol + DI Water mixture)
4.27 17.79 593.07 To ETP
5 methanol 3.2 13.2 439.2
Process loss 4.46 18.58 619.38 6 isopropyl alcohol
3.8 15.7 523.8
7 DI Water 13.3 55.6 1853.3
Stage-2
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12 Toluene 31.2 130.3 4341.9 Inprocess DI Water 58.0 242.0 8065.7
1 ETP
13 Dimethyl sulphoxide
30.3 126.4 4214.3 Centrifuge ML 32.5 135.5 4516.8
0 ETP
14 Methyl iodide 0.5 2.1 70.6
Process loss 24.7 102.8 3426.9
2
15 Potassium hydroxide powder
0.2 0.9 30.2
16 40% Dimethyl amine solution
0.7 2.9 97.5
17 DI Water 88.7 369.7 12323.
9
18 De-natured sprit 5.0 20.9 695.7
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25 absolute alcohol 22.5 93.8 3128.0 Activated carbon with Hyflow bed (Wet)
1.6 6.7 224.96 To
Incinerator
26 Eno carbon 0.0 0.1 4.3 Centrifuge ML 18.8 78.4 2613.7
9 To ETP
27 Hyflow 0.0 0.1 4.3 Process loss 2.2 9.1 302.09
Stage-4
28 Stage-III / CLM-III
1.5 6.3 210.0 Stage-IV 1.0 4.2 139.00 FG
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
4.17 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 4.17
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
(Clarithromycin (Semi-pure)
29 absolute alcohol 6.8 28.3 944.0 Centrifuge ML 6.4 26.5 882.67 ETP 0.0 Process loss 1.0 4.0 132.28
Total 245.1 1022.0 34067.
7 245.1 1022.0
34067.7
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2.4.24 Manufacturing Process of Flurbiprofen
Stage-I (Prepare Stage-I from DFNB)
2,4-difluoro-1-nitrobenzene (DFNB) reacts with DEMM (Diethyl methyl malonate) in the
presence of DMF (Dimethyl Formamide), Sodium Hydroxide to form Stage-I or Diethyl 2-(3-
fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylmalonate. Work up is done with Ethyl acetate, DI water, HCl and
sodium Chloride. After Distillation of ethyl acetate and DFNB, oil mass is obtained which is Stage-
I or Diethyl 2-(3-fluoro-4-nitrophenyl)-2-methylmalonate.
Stage-II (Prepare Stage-II from Stage-I)
Stage-I reacts with DNS in presence of Hydrogen and nitrogen gas, and Ranney Nickel (After wash
with DNS and DI water) to form stage-II or diethyl 2-(4-amino-3-fluorophenyl)-2-
methylmalonate. After distillation of DNS, oily mass is obtained which is stage-II or diethyl 2-(4-
amino-3-fluorophenyl)-2-methylmalonate.
Stage-III (Prepare Stage-III from Stage-II)
Stage-II mixed with benzene and acetic acid then reacts with Sodium Nitrite in the presence of
benzene & DI water to form stage-III or 2-(2-Fluoro-4-biphenylyl) 4-carboxylic acid, after reaction
work up is done with Sodium chloride solution Sulphuric acid solution extract with Cyclohexane,
washing with sodium carbonate and sodium chloride solution and distillation of cyclohexane to
form oily mass (Stage-III). Stage-IIIA (Oily mass) reacts with Caustic Lye (Sodium Hydroxide) and
ethanol work up with Methylene Di chloride (MDC), Hydrochloric acid (Conc. HCl), Activated
Carbon and Hyflow. Solid material is obtained after filtration and drying which is stage-III or 2-(2-
Fluoro-4-biphenylyl) 4-carboxylic acid.
Stage-IV [Crude Flurbiprofen] (Prepare Stage-IV from Stage-III)
Stage-III reacts with acetic acid and DI water to form crude Flurbiprofen or stage-IV. Solid
material is obtained after filtration and drying which is crude Flurbiprofen or stage-IV.
Stage-V [Pure Flurbiprofen] (Prepare Stage-V from Stage-IV)
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Stage-IV is purified with acetic acid and water to form crude Flurbiprofen or Stage-V. Solid
material is obtained after filtration and drying which is pure Flurbiprofen or Stage-V.
Figure 2-26 Process Flow Diagram of Flurbiprofen
Reaction tank
Heating/ stirring
Separation
Distillation/degassing 80-85oC
Hyflo bed filtration
Hydrogen reactor
Distillation
Organic layer
Benzene 60-65oC
Separation Cooling 25-30oC
Heating reaction
mass
Decarboxylisation 40-450C
Cyclohexane +ethylene di
chloride+caustic lye 70-
75oc
Reaction mass 75-
80oC
Washing/drying
Filtration Aqueous
layer+eno C 80-85oC
Filtration
washing
Organic
layer
Filtration/washing
Reaction add
activated carbon
Check clarity
DFNB+DMF+ DEMM+NaOH
NaCl
DNS+ranny
nickel+N2
Acetic acid+benzene+sodium nitrile NaCl
Cyclohexane
Chilled water
Hot water
PRODUCT
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Table 2-27 Material Balance of Flurbiprofen
Product No: 23 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.83 TPM
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17 acetic acid 2.754 2.286 76.2 Air loss 31.3 26.0 866.82
18 Sodium Nitrite
3.156 2.620 87.3 Benzene 36.4 30.2 1008.12
19 DI water 64.555 53.581 1786.0 Air loss 5.7 4.8 158.76
20 Sodium chloride
2.238 1.857 61.9 ETP 92.3 76.6 2554.42
21 Sulphuric acid
17.215 14.288 476.3
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
0.83 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per
0.83 TPM)
Quantity (kg/day)
Fate of Output
Total 690.745 573.319 19110.6 690.745 573.319 19110.62
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2.4.25 Manufacturing Process of Rosavastain Calcium
Stage RSV-B2 to RSV-B3:
RSV-B2 and Z8 (side chain) is converted in to RSV-B3 after going through olefination into the
organic solvent media (2-Methyl THF) at -45 to -700C. This is further extracted and isolated with
suitable solvent (Isopropyl alcohol) by the centrifugation.
Stage RSV-B3 to RSV-B3a:
RSV-B3 is stirred in organic solvent (Acetonitrile) and hydrochloric acid solution for several hours
after complete reaction of deketalization; pH adjustment is done with sodium hydroxide and
stirred for several hours. After completion of the hydrolysis reaction, reaction mass is neutralized
with HCL and solvent is distilled off. MTBE solvent added in to mass.
Thereafter reaction mass is in MTBE-water mixture, pH adjusted acidic by hydrochloric acid and
MTBE layer is separated out. Acetonitrile is taken into mass after MTBE distillation and add
Furfurylamine base (FFA). Product is isolated by the centrifugation.
Stage RSV-B3a to RSV-B4:
RSV-B3a is stirred in water and pH adjustment is done with aq. Solution sodium hydroxide. FFA
and water is distilled out. Reaction mass is madeup with water and pH is adjusted with diluted
acetic acid and then aqueous solution of calcium chloride dehydrate is added. Crystallized RSV-
B4 is isolated by the centrifugation, washed with water several times and dried.
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Figure 2-27 Process Flow Diagram of Rosavastain Calcium
Distillation
Separation
Organic
Oily crude
Distillation Round bottom flask
Distillation
Reaction
Washing Reaction Filtration
washing
Reaction
25-300C
RBF
Heating STB Cooling Reactor
NCl+H2O
MTBE+ Acetonitrile
MTBE
NCl+Sodium
HCl+acetonitrile
Final product
Aqueous layer
Methyl THF+NMP
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Table 2-28 Material Balance of Rosavastain Calcium
Product No: 24 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.83 TPM
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.83 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 0.83
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
7 Sodium Hydroxide
0.67 0.56 18.7 0.00
8 Sodium bicarbonate
1.67 1.38 46.1 Acetonitrile Recovered
20.8 17.3 576.39
Will be sold to
authorized vendors
9 Sodium Chloride
5.95 4.94 164.7 Air Loss 8.9 7.4 247.02
10 DI water 83.33 69.17 2305.6 MTBE recovered 4.2 3.5 115.94
Will be sold to
authorized vendors
11 Acetonitrile 29.76 24.70 823.4 Air Loss 1.0 0.9 28.98
12 Hydrochloric acid
9.29 7.71 256.9 Effluent 13.3 11.0 366.91 To ETP
13 Sodium Hydroxide
2.14 1.78 59.3 RSV-B4 1.0 0.83 27.67 Final
Product
14 Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
5.24 4.35 144.9
Effluent 91.6 76.0 2534.32 To ETP 15 Water 0.64 0.53 17.8
16 Furfurylamine (FFA)
0.48 0.40 13.2
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 0.83 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 0.83
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
17 Di water 89.60 74.37 2478.9
18 NaOH 0.90 0.75 24.9
19 Acetic acid 0.65 0.54 18.0
20 Calcium chloride dehydrate
0.25 0.21 6.9
Total 294.64 244.55 8151.8 294.6 244.6 8151.75
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2.4.26 Manufacturing Process of Strontium Ranelate
Stage-I / STRO-I:
[Preparation of Diethyl-3-oxo glutarate (DEG) (Stage-I / STRO-I) from citric acid]
Citric acid anhydrous reacts with Chlorosulphonic acid in the presence of methylene dichloride
(decarboxylation) to give 1,3 acetone dicarboxylic sulphonate and which is further esertification
in the presence of ethyl alcohol, DI water, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride to give
Diethyl-3-oxo glutarate (DEG) (Stage-I / STRO-I).
Stage-II / STRO-II:
[Preparation of Ethyl 5-amino-4-cyano-3-(2-ethoxy-2-oxoethyl)-2- thiophene carboxylate
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[Preparation of Distrontium 2-[N, N-di (carboxymethyl) amino]-3-cyano-4-
carboxymethylthiophene-5-carboxylate (Stage-IV / STRO-IV) (Strontium Ranelate) from Ethyl-5-
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Table 2-29 Material Balance of Strontium Ranelate
Product No: 25 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.83 TPM
9 Malononitrile 0.18 0.31 10.2 Centrifuge ML 7.90 13.19 439.72
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 1.67 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 1.67 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
24 Strontium nitrate 0.78 1.31 43.5 Centrifuge ML (Aqueous layer)
20.743 34.641 1154.70
25 Tetra hydro furan (THF) 1.41 2.35 78.3 Process loss 2.129 3.555 118.50
26 Sodium hydroxide 0.33 0.55 18.4 0.00
27 DI Water 20.55 34.32 1144.0 0.00 Total 63.99 106.86 3562.1 63.990 106.864 3562.13
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2.4.27 Manufacturing Process of Ketoprofen from CEBA
Stage-I 3-(1-cyanoethyl) benzoic acid (CEBA) reacts with Thionyl chloride to form 3-(1-cyanoethyl)
benzoyl chloride (CEBA Chloride) which further reacts with anhydrous aluminum chloride in
presence of benzene powder to form Ketonitrile or Stage-I. Work up is done with water, HCl, and
isolated in methanol. After filtration, and drying off, white powder is obtained which is Ketonitrile
or Stage-I. Stage-IIKetonitrile or Stage-I is hydrolysed with NaOH and water in the presence of
methanol and toluene, HCl Ethyl acetate to form Ketoprofen or Stage-II. Product is then isolated
in dilute water. After filtration, and drying off white powder is obtained which is Ketoprofen or
Stage-II.
Figure 2-29 Process Flow Diagram of Ketoprofen from CEBA
Final
Reactor
Washing drying
Degassin
g
Organic layer
Reaction Quenchin
g
RBF Distillation
Drying
Stirrer
Hyflo bed filtration
Stirrer Cooling
Reaction
Oil Mass+Benzene
Water+HCl
Benzene anhydrous Aluminium
chloride
Thionyl chloride+benzoic acid+3(1 cyanoethyl)
Ethylacetate
Toluene
Ketoprofennitrile+sodiumhydroxide+methanol
Benzene
Activated carbon
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Table 2-30 Material Balance of Ketoprofen from CEBA
Product No: 26 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 3.33 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
Stage-1
1 3-(1-cyanoethyl) benzoic acid (CEBA)
1.0 3.3 111.0 IIKetonitrile or Stage-I
1.0 3.3 111.00 Intermediate
2 Thionyl chloride 1.3 4.3 144.3 Benzene Recovery
3.6 12.1 404.04
3 anhydrous aluminum chloride
1.4 4.5 149.9 Benzene Loss 0.7 2.4 78.81
4 benzene powder 4.4 14.5 482.9 Methanol Recovery
3.6 12.1 404.04
5 Water 8.0 26.6 888.0 Methanol Loss 0.7 2.4 78.81
6 HCl 1.0 3.3 111.0 Aqueous layer + HCL wastage
11.0 36.6 1221.00 To ETP
7 methanol 4.4 14.5 482.9 Other loss 0.7 2.2 72.15
Stage-2
8 IIKetonitrile or Stage-I
1.0 3.3 111.0 Ketoprofen or Stage-II
1.0 3.3 111.00 Final
Product
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 3.33 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
9 NaOH 0.4 1.2 40.0 Toluene Recovery
1.5 4.9 162.28 Will be Re
used
10 Water 18.5 61.6 2053.5 Toluene Loss 0.3 0.9 28.64
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2.4.28 Manufacturing Process of Ketoprofen from Ketoprofen Nitrile
Ketonitrile or Stage-I is hydrolysis with NaOH and water in the presence of methanol and toluene,
HCl Ethyl acetate to form Ketoprofen or Stage-II. Product is isolated in dilute water. After
filtration, and drying off white powder is obtained which is Ketoprofen or Stage-II.
Figure 2-30 Process Flow Diagram of Ketoprofen from Ketoprofen Nitrile
Reactor
temperatu
Cooling
Hyflo bed
Filtration
Round
bottom
Washing
Stirrer
Reaction
Stirrer
Separation
Drying
H2O+total Ethyl Ethyl acetate
Methanol+ketoprofennitrile+
NaOH
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Wet material+water
Final
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Table 2-31 Material Balance of Ketoprofen from Ketoprofen Nitrile
Product No: 27 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 3.33 TPM
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2.4.29 Manufacturing Process of Sertraline Hydrochloride
Stage-I / STL-I:
(Formation of Schiff base from Tetralone)
Tetralone reacts with MMA (Monomethyl amine gas) in the presence of Toluene and Glacial
acetic acid and pH is adjusted with Sodium hydroxide solution which leads to formation of Schiff
Base (Stage-I / STL-I).
Stage-II / STL-II:
(Formation of Sertraline Isomers from Schiff base)
Schiff base (Stage-I / STL-I) reacts with 5% Pd-C carbon in the presence of Toluene and Hydrogen
gas pressure and Nitrogen gas pressure which leads to formation of Sertraline Isomers (Stage-II
/ STL-II).
Stage-III / STL-III:
(Formation of Sertraline mandelate (Crude) from Sertraline Isomers)
Sertaline Isomers (Stage-II / STL-II) reacts with mandelic acid in the presence of Toluene which
lead to formation of Sertraline mandelate (Crude) (Stage-III / STL-III).
Stage-IIIP / STL-IIIP:
(Purification of sertraline mandelate)
Sertraline mandelate (Crude) is purified in Denatured Spirit (DNS).
Stage-IV / STL-IV:
(Formation of Sertraline hydrochloride from sertraline mandelate)
Sertraline mandelate reacted with Sodium hydroxide in presence of Ethyl acetate and DI Water
and organic layer separate & pH with Hydrochloric acid and isolated with Ethyl acetate which
leads to formation of Sertraline hydrochloride.
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Figure 2-31 Process Flow Diagram of Sertraline Hydrochloride
PdC solution + Nitrogen
Reactor Hydrogenator 95-970C
Quenching
Reaction
50-55oC
Distillation
Reaction
70-75OC
Centrifuge Reaction Reaction
50-520C
Reaction
70-750C
Drying Centrifuge washing
Toluene layer
Seeding Organic layer
Reaction
DNS
Tetralone+toluene+MMA+acetic acid
Mandalic acid
Ethylacetate+N
aOH
DNS
Toluene
Ethylacetate Centrifuge drying
Sertaline
Hydrochloride
Final Product
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Table 2-32 Material Balance of Sertraline Hydrochloride
Product No: 28 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.5 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
Stage -1
1 Tetralone 2.651 6.628 220.9 Schiff base (Stage-I / STL-I)
11.27 28.17 938.94 Intermediate
2 MMA (Monomethyl amine gas)
2.651 6.628 220.9 Aqueous layer
10.50 26.25 874.87 ETP
3 Toluene 12.686 31.714 1057.1
Process loss 6.99 17.48 582.80 4 Glacial acetic acid 0.167 0.418 13.9
8 Toluene 4.799 11.996 399.9 Process loss 0.63 1.56 52.14
Stage-3
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
10 Sertaline Isomers (Stage-II / STL-II)
14.316 35.790 1193.0 Sertraline mandelate
1.43 3.57 119.03 Intermediate
11 mandelic acid 1.402 3.506 116.9 Centrifuge ML
43.75 109.37 3645.72 ETP
12 Toluene 3.460 8.649 288.3 Process loss 3.60 9.01 300.28
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S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T
of product
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
Total 120.73 301.83 10061.2 120.73 301.83 10061.21
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2.4.30 Manufacturing Process of Triss buffer
Tromethamine dissolved in methanol on heating, filter through hyflow bed, and half volume of
methanol is distilled and after cooling filtered material is dried to give Tris Buffer
(Tromethamine.)
Figure 2-32 Process Flow Diagram of triss buffer
Hyflo filtration
Reaction tank
Washing drying
Cooling
Atmospheric distillation
Hyflo washing
Methanol
Methanol
Methanol+ Tri Methamine
Final
Product
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Table 2-33 Material Balance of triss buffer
Product No: 29 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.83 TPM
S.NO Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
0.83 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 0.83
TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
Stage -1
1 Tromethamine 1.250 1.038 34.6 Methanol Recovery
8.00 6.64 221.33 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
2 methanol 10.000 8.300 276.7 Recovery Loss
2.00 1.66 55.33
3 Hyflo 0.250 0.208 6.9
Other loss 0.25 0.21 6.92
Tris Buffer 1.00 0.83 27.67 Finished product
Hyflo waste 0.25 0.21 6.92 To ETP
Total 11.500 9.54 318.2 11.500 9.54 318.17
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2.4.31 Manufacturing Process of Vilagliptin
Stage-I L-prolinamide reacts with chloroacetyl chloride in presence of 2,6-dimethylpyridine &
Dichloromethane to obtain (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide. Then (S)-1-(2-
chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carboxamide reacts with Phosphorous oxychloride, Imidazole &
Dichloromethane in the presence of 2-Butanone or Cyclohexane to get (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl)
pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (Stage-I).
Stage-II (S)-1-(2-chloroacetyl) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (Stage-I) reacts with 3-amino-1-
adamantanol in presence of K2CO3, Kl, Acetone & 2-butanone to get (2S)-1-(2-((3-
hydroxyadamantan-1-yl) amino) pyrrolidine-2-carbonitrile (Stage-II) or VILDAGLIPTIN API.
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Table 2-34 Material Balance of Vilagliptin
Product No: 30 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.50 TPM
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S.No Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per
2.50 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
Total 112.3 280.8 9360.4 112.325 280.813 9360.44
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2.4.32 Manufacturing Process of 1-Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide
Vinyl acetate is charged in the reactor and chilled under Nitrogen blanket. Then start purging of
Hydrobromic acid gas until Vinyl acetate is NMT 1.0%. Then start heating and distillate the mass
and collect the 1-Acetoxy-ethyl bromide.
Figure 2-34 Process Flow Diagram of 1-Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide
Reactor (T=-10OC to -14OC)
Reactor (T= -5 to -16OC)
Neutralisation
Collection tank (T= 400C-450C)
Collection tank (T= 450Cto550C)
Tetralene+Hydrobromic acid Sulphuric acid
Vinyl
acetat
Tetralene Sulphuric acid
Hydrobromic acid
STAGE 1
Hot water (70OC)
N2 Potassium Carbonate
Sodium bi carbonate
Sodium bi carbonate
STAGE 2
Residue
Acetoxy Ethyl bromide
Product
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Table 2-35 Material Balance of Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide
Product No: 31 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 41.67 TPM
8 Soda Ash Light 0.099 4.116 137.2 Cleaning Water 0.272 11.344 378.12 To ETP
9 Hydrochloric Acid 0.025 1.029 34.3 Ev. Loss 0.016 0.669 22.29 Loss
10 Water for Cleaning 0.247 10.289 343.0 Total 5.586 232.786 7759.5 5.586 232.786 7759.54
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2.4.33 Manufacturing Process of Bromo butyric acid
Tert. Butyl Aceto Acetate reacts with Sodium Nitrite & Acetic Acid and produce step-I (Hydroxy
imino). Step-I react with Potassium Carbonate & Dimethyl Sulphate and produce Step-II
(Methoxy imino Butyrate) By bromination (Br2 / HBr) Step-II converts into Step-III. (4-BROMO-2-
METHOXYIMINO-3-OXOBUTYRIC ACID)
Figure 2-35 Process Flow Diagram of Bromo butyric acid
Reaction tank
Separation
Reaction
tank
Stir and cool
(100C-150C)
Organic
layer
Organic
layer+DI
Stirring
settling
Reaction
mixture
Reaction
tank
Separati
on
Organic
phase
Organic
phase
Organic phase (ethyl
acetate)
Ethyl Acetate+TBAA+ Glacial Acetic acid
Sodium nitrate
DI water+Ethyl Acetate
Potassiumcarbonate+TEBAchloride+DMS
Glacial acetic acid
Methanol+acetylbromide Sodium Hydrosulphite (20-
150C) (15-100C)(5-0OC)
MDC
DI water
o-xylene
Aqueous layer discarded
Aqueous layer discarded
Final product
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Table 2-36 Material Balance of Bromo butyric acid
Product No: 32 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.5 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 2.5 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T) Quantity (T
per 2.5 TPM) Quantity in kg/day
Fate of output
1 TBAA 1.852 4.630 154.3 Aq. Layer (Discard)
35.914 89.784 2992.79 ETP
2 Ethyl Acetate 3.648 9.120 304.0 Hexane ML ( 0.261 0.653 21.76 Sale
3 Acetic Acid 2.500 6.250 208.3 O- Xylene ML 0.648 1.620 54.01 Sale
4 Sodium Nitrite 0.889 2.222 74.1 EA ML (For Sale) 0.209 0.523 17.44 Sale
5 Water 23.630 59.074 1969.1 BBA 1.000 2.500 83.33 FG
6 Sodium Bi carbonate
0.394 0.986 32.9 MDC Rec 3.598 8.995 299.85 Sale
7 Potassium Carbonate
2.296 5.741 191.4 Rec. EA (Reuse) 3.000 7.500 250.00 Reuse
8 T.C 0.259 0.648 21.6 Ev. Loss (EA) 0.439 1.097 36.57 Loss
11 Acetyl Bromide 0.617 1.542 51.4 Ev. Loss (MDC) 1.291 3.227 107.56 Loss
12 Liquid Bromine 1.981 4.954 165.1
Ev. Loss (Hexane) 0.111 0.278 9.26 Loss 13
Sodium Hydro Sulphite
0.167 0.417 13.9
14 O- Xylene 1.278 3.194 106.5
15 Hexane 0.365 0.912 30.4
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2.4.34 Manufacturing Process of Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl Malonate Magnesium Salt
Mono para nitro benzyl malonate (MNBM) reacts with magenisium chloride in the presence of
Na2CO3, toluene and Ii water. after Filtration and drying, Mono-p-nitrobenzyl malonate
magnesium salt (MGM) is formed.
Figure 2-36 Process Flow Diagram of Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl Malonate Magnesium Salt
Distill water + MNBM Magnesium chloride sol.
Filter
and
Distill Water and
Acetone
Drying
Reaction
Tank
Heating (T=28 to 38°C)
pH Adjustment by Na2CO3 ( pH =4.6 to
5.2)
Heating (T=38 to 40°C)
Heating (t = 38 to 40°C)
Filter
Unloading the Wet
Reaction
Stir and Heating (T=38
to 40°C)
Distill water and Wet
Cake
M/C NMT 25.0%
Stage-II
Reaction
Tank
Azeotrohic
Reflux (t= 110
to 112°C)
Cooling
(t=112 to25°C)
Dry Material Stage-I
T= 60 min
t= 10-15°C
Filter and Washing Toluen
Drying @ 90-95°C
Check M/c NMT 2.0
%. Product
Stage-I
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Table 2-37 Material Balance of Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl Malonate Magnesium Salt
Product No: 33 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 4.17 TPM
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2.4.35 Manufacturing Process of Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol
Para nitro Benzyl Bromide will be heated up to reflux. Soda ash will be added to the solution in
another reactor and quench the reaction mass. Rx. Mass is cooled & centrifuge & dried and
collected.
Figure 2-37 Process Flow Diagram of Para nitrobenzyl alcohol
Reaction Tank
Reflux (T= 14 hr.) (T=100 to 1020C)
Cooling
pH Adjustment by toluene ( pH=2.0 to 3.5)
Reaction Tank (T=65°C)
Filter & Washing (Water & Toluene)
Drying (t=50-55°C)
Product
Water + PNBBr
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Table 2-38 Material Balance of Para nitrobenzyl alcohol
Product No: 34 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 8.33 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
4.5 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 4.5
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of Output
Stage -1
1 Para nitro Benzyl Bromide
1.695 14.119 470.6 PNBA 1.000 8.330 277.67 Final Product
2 Soda ash 0.424 3.530 117.7 NaBr (For Sale) 14.775 123.074 4102.45 Sale
3 Water 13.729 114.361 3812.0 Residue 0.068 0.565 18.82 Incinerate
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2.4.36 Manufacturing Process of Hydrobromic Acid
Tert. Butyl Aceto Acetate reacts with Sodium Nitrite & Acetic Acid and produce step-I (Hydroxy
imino). Step-I react with Potassium Carbonate & Dimethyl Sulphate and produce Step-II
(Methoxy imino Butyrate). By bromination (Br2 / HBr) Step-II converts into Step-III.
(4-BROMO-2-METHOXYIMINO-3-OXOBUTYRIC ACID)
Figure 2-38 Process Flow Diagram of hydro bromic acid
Table 2-39 Material Balance of Hydrobromic Acid
Product No: 35 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 8.33 TPM
S.No
Input Output
Raw Materials
Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 45 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day Particular
Quantity (T)
Quantity (T per 45
TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
1 Hydrobromic acid (Crude)
1.136 47.352 1578.4 Hydrobromic acid
1.000 41.670 1389.00
2 Sodium thiosulphate
0.018 0.758 25.3 Ist fraction 0.136 5.682 189.41
3 DI Water 0.273 11.365 378.8
Residue 0.336 14.016 467.21 4
Toluene (For cleaning)
0.045 1.894 63.1
Total 1.473 61.369 2045.6 1.473 61.369 2045.6
Reaction Tank
Stir & Heating (t=120 0C)
Distillation@
120±20C
Cooling (t=120-900C)
Reflux (t=90-1200C)
Stir & Heating (t=120±2 0C)
Final Product
Crude HBr (S.G= 1.50 -1.70)
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2.4.37 Manufacturing Process of Para Nitro Benzyl Bromide
Para nitro toluene reacts with Bromine to produce para nitro benzyl bromide reaction mass. This
mass is transferred to methanol for crystallization, cooling & centrifuging. The material is dried
and collected.
Figure 2-39 manufacture of para nitro benzyl bromide
Drying
Reactor 1270C
Reactor 68 to 700C
Quenching
Methanol
Final Product
Para nitro Toluene + Bromine
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Table 2-40 Material Balance of Para nitro benzyl bromide (PNBBr)
Product No: 36 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 41.67 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in T/ T of product
Quantity (T per 41.67
TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 41.67
TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Fate of Output
1 Para nitro toluene
1.163 48.453 1615.1 HBr (By product, reuse in AEB)
Evo. Loss 0.430 17.928 597.59 Evo. Loss Total 7.46 311.071 10369.0 7.46 311.071 10369.0
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2.4.38 Manufacturing Process of Para Nitrobenzyldehyde (PNBD)
Para Nitrobenzyldehyde Stage-II (Crude) is dissolved with hot toluene & treated with activated
carbon. Then filtered through sparkler filter & cooled which is then isolated & further dried to
obtain pure PNBD.
Figure 2-40 Process Flow Diagram of Para Nitrobenzyldehyde (PNBD)
Cooling 6-25oC
Centrifuge wash drying
Reactor 55-60oC
Check clarity
Reactor
Sparkler filter
Reactor 55-600C
Final Product
Toluene + reaction
mass
Activated carbon
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Table 2-41 Material Balance of Para Nitrobenzyldehyde (PNBD)
Product No: 37 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 0.42 TPM
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2.4.39 Manufacturing Process of 4-Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one (BMQ)
Stage-I
(4-Bromo-3-oxo-N-phenylbutanamide from Acetoacetanilide)
Acetoacetanilide reacts with liquid bromine in the presence of Ethylene dichloride (EDC) calcium
oxide to form Stage-I or 4-bromo-3-oxo-N-phenylbutanamide after work up with DI water,
sodium Bicarbonate and methanol.
Stage-II:
4-(Bromomethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one (BMQ) from 4-bromo-3-oxo-N-phenylbutanamide)
4-bromo-3-oxo-N-phenylbutanamide reacts with Conc. Sulphuric acid to Form stage-II or 4-
(Bromomethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one (BMQ) after quenching with water, sodium bicarbonate and
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Table 2-42 Material Balance of Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one (BMQ)
Product No: 38 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 8.33 TPM
S.NO
Input Output
Raw Materials Quantity in
T/ T of product
Quantity (T per
8.33 TPM)
Quantity in kg/day
Particular Quantity
(T)
Quantity (T per 8.33 TPM)
Quantity in
kg/day
Fate of output
Stage -1
1 Acetoacetanilide 1.316 10.961 365.4 Organic Solvent EDC Recovery
7.270 60.557 2018.56 Reuse
2 liquid bromine 1.263 10.522 350.7 EDC Loss 3.914 32.608 1086.92 Loss
3 Ethylene dichloride (EDC)
11.184 93.164 3105.5 Methanol Recovery
8.685 72.347 2411.57 Sale
4 Calcium oxide 0.132 1.096 36.5 MeOH Loss 4.676 38.950 1298.35 Loss
5 DI water 60.437 503.439 16781.3 Aq. + NaBr Soln. 19.079 158.928 5297.59 Sale
6 sodium Bicarbonate 0.153 1.276 42.5 Other loss 3.937 32.793 1093.09 Loss
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2.4.40 Manufacturing Process of 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl (BMC)
4-Methyl-2- cyanobiphenyl (OTBN) is reacted with Bromine in Methylene chloride water mixture
in presence of sodium bromate and OTBN.
On completion of reaction organic layer containing product is separated with water filtered
through Hyflo. The clear organic layer is concentrated under vacuum till thick residue.
The thick mass obtained is dissolved in Ethyl Acetate on heating and product is isolated by
cooling. The product obtained is filled and washed with Ethyl Acetate, dried to get BMC
Figure 2-42 Process Flow Diagram of BMC
Reaction tank
T=2-3hr T=38-40OC
DRYING
Settling tank Phase separation
WASHING
Aqueou Organic layer
MDC (40OC-45OC) to (65OC-70OC)
COOLIN
MDC
OTBN
Bromine
Ethyl acetate
Ethyl acetate
Product
Stage-1
Stage-2
Sodium Bromate
Water
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Table 2-43 Material Balance of 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl (BMC)
Product No: 39 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 4.17 TPM
4 AIBN 0.060 0.248 8.3 EA Loss 1.292 5.386 179.54 Evo. Loss
5 DI Water 3.571 14.893 496.4
Aq. Sodium Bromate Soln.+ AIBN+ Sodium Bromide
3.571 14.893 496.43 For sale
6 sodium bromate
0.162 0.675 22.5 Other loss 1.905 7.943 264.76 Evo. Lossd
7 Ethyl Acetate 3.690 15.389 513.0 Methanol Recovery 5.308 22.132 737.74 For sale
8 Conc. H2SO4 10.000 41.700 1390.0 MeOH Loss 2.858 11.916 397.19 Evo. Loss
9 DI Water 41.143 171.566 5718.9 Spend Acid 44.039 183.641 6121.36 For sale
10 Sodium Bicarbonate
0.065 0.273 9.1 Aqueous layer Acidic water
6.250 26.063 868.75 To ETP
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2.4.41 Manufacturing Process of Chloro Butyric Acid
Tert. Butyl Aceto Acetate react with Sodium Nitrite & Acetic Acid and produces step-I (Hydroxy
imino). Step-I react with Potassium Carbonate & Dimethyl Sulphate to produce Step-II (Methoxy
imino Butyrate). By Chlorination (Cl2) Step-II converts into Step-III. (4-CHLORO-2-
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Table 2-44 Material Balance of Chloro Butyric Acid
Product No: 40 Basis: Per Tonne of Product Proposed Capacity: 2.5 TPM
13 Liquid Chlorine 1.333 3.333 111.1 Ev. Loss (EDC) 0.335 0.838 27.92 Loss
14 Sodium Hydro Sulphite
0.148 0.369 12.3
Ev. Loss (Hexane) 0.220 0.550 18.33 Loss 15 O- Xylene 1.538 3.844 128.1
16 Hexane 0.660 1.650 55.0
17 Caustic Soda Flakes 0.020 0.050 1.7
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2.5 Project Requirements
2.5.1 Raw Material Requirement
The raw material requirement for the proposed project is presented in the Table 2.45. Based on
the detailed material balance for each of the total 40 proposed products, the consolidated list of
raw materials and its quantity requirement is presented in the below Table. Adequate land is
allocated for the storage of raw materials which will be stored in secured go-downs based on the
compatibility of the chemicals.
Table 2-45 Raw Material Requirement for the Proposed Project
S. No. Raw Material Unit Annual
Quantity Quantity per Day
1 6, 8-Dichloro ethyl caprylate kg 60000 164.4
2 Sulphur powder kg 8400 23.0
3 Sodium Sulphide flakes (60%) kg 36900 101.1
4 Tetra butyl ammonium bromide (TBAB) kg 7632 20.9
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55 3-(1-cyanoethyl)benzoic acid (CEBA) kg 40000 109.6
56 Anhydrous Aluminum Chloride kg 52000 142.5
57 Ketoprofen nitrile kg 40000 109.6
58 Hydrochloric acid (Conc. HCl) kg 9835 26.9
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S. No. Raw Material Unit Annual
Quantity Quantity per Day
59 Morpholine kg 2800 7.7
60 Benzoyl chloride kg 4144 11.4
61 Pet-ether (60-800) kg 10048.5 27.5
62 Phosphorus oxychloride kg 9240 25.3
63 Pyrrole kg 2667 7.3
64 Cyclopropane-1, 1-dicarboxylic acid kg 4620 12.7
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S. No. Raw Material Unit Annual
Quantity Quantity per Day
94 Vinyl acetate kg 145946 399.9
95 Tetralene kg 12162 33.3
96 4-Methyl-2-cyanobiphenyl (OTBN) kg 48100 131.8
97 Sodium Bromate kg 6550 17.9
98 2,2-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) kg 2400 6.6
99 Acetoacetanilide AAA kg 1390000 3808.2
100 Calcium Oxide kg 10000 27.4
101 TEBA chloride kg 8400 23.0
102 Acetyl bromide kg 20100 55.1
103 Sodium hydro sulphite kg 5040 13.8
104 Liquid bromine kg 61290 167.9
105 Tertiary butyl aceto acetate (TBAA) kg 60000 164.4
106 Sodium dithionate kg 4500 12.3
107 Para Nitro Toluene (PNT) kg 7100 19.5
2.5.2 Solvent Requirement
About 21 solvents will be required for the manufacturing of 40 proposed products and based on
the material balance as discussed in section 2.4 of the EIA report, the consolidated list and
quantity of solvents required for the proposed project is arrived and presented in Table 2.46. A
dedicated underground solvent storage facility is proposed for storage of solvents in the
proposed facility. The solvent balance will be explained in detail in the Chapter 4 of the EIA report.
Table 2-46 List, Quantity and Storage facility of Solvents required for the Proposed Project
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The proposed project site is well connected to road and rail network. NH-73 is located towards
North Eastern direction from the proposed project site. Hence all the raw material (solid
chemicals) will be received by trucks whereas solvents will be received by tankers and few in
drums by tankers.
2.5.3 Power and Steam requirement
The facility requires thermal energy in the form of steam for the process. The steam requirement
for the proposed project is estimated to be 120 TPD. Therefore in order to meet the required
steam demand SCL is proposing to install 2X5 TPH boilers out of which one boiler will be a
standby.
The total power requirement for the proposed project is 3000 KW. SCL will source the entire
power from Punjab State Electricity Board for which necessary application has been submitted
to Punjab Investment Board. Also as a standby 3 DG Sets of 1000KVA are proposed.
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2.5.4 Fuel Requirement
Bio-briquette is the fuel that is proposed to be utilized for the proposed boilers. Mustard based
Bio-briquettes of gross calorific value 3736 Kcal, ash content 13.20 % and moisture content 9.80
% will be used as per the sample analysis test report of proposed bio-briquettes.The bio-
briquettes will be sourced from the local markets by roads and stored at dedicated Bio-briquette
shed. Ash generated will be disposed to TSDF facility, Nimbua. High Speed Diesel will be utilized
for the proposed stand by Diesel generators. The quantity of the proposed fuels is presented in
the Table 2.47.
Table 2-47 Fuel Requirement for the Proposed Project
SL. No Fuel Unit Quantity
1 Bio-Briquettes TPD 35
2 High Speed Diesel (fuel for standby DG sets)
L/hr 153
2.5.5 Water Requirement
Total water requirement for the proposed project is 328 m3/day out of which, about 150 m3/day
of fresh water is required for the proposed project which will be sourced from Ground Water.
SCL has applied for the Ground Water withdrawl permission from the concerned CGWB. The Copy
of Common Application Form submitted to Punjab Investment Bureau for various approvals
including ground water drawal permission and the application letter submitted by SCL for
obtaining NOC from CGWA is attached as Annexure-5. However, it is proposed to source water
from the Common Effluent Treatment Plant having a capacity of 2MLD which is under
construction only for the purpose of utilities.
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system is proposed to recycle all the treated wastewater and about
54 % of the total water utilized in the plant will be recycled (178 m3/day). According to the FDA
(Food and Drug Association) rules it is not permitted to use recycle water in the production of
API & intermediates. Therefore, it is proposed to source the water required for the production
of API & intermediates from the ground water only as there is no other source of water available
in the Derabassi Distt, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar.
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The detailed water balance for the proposed project is presented in the Table 2.48 and Figure
2.44. From the Table 2.48 it can be observed that the treated wastewater of about 178 m3/day
will be utilized for boiler, cooling tower and domestic purposes whereas the fresh water quantity
of about 150 m3/day will be utilized for manufacturing process, QA/QC block, gardening, R&D
block, warehouse and domestic purposes.
Underground water storage tank will be provided with necessary water treatment facilities to
undergo pre treatment process for the fresh water to be utilized for the proposed project.
Table 2-48 Water Balance for the Proposed Project
Description
Fresh water make-up
Treated wastewater
reused
Evaporation/ Losses
Wastewater to ETP
m3/day m3/day m3/day m3/day
Process/RO 85 0 - 85
Softener/boiler - 60 3 57
Cooling Tower - 112 101 11
QA/QC Block 4 - - 4
Gardening 30 - 30 -
R&D Block 3 - - 3
Ware House 1 - - 1
Domestic 27 6 1 32
Total 150 178 135 193
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Figure 2-44 Water Balance of the Proposed Project
UGST
Pre-treatment
Domestic
Boiler
Process
RO
Process
Blocks
RO Reject Blow down
Softener
Backwash
Ground water
CT
Blow down
QA/QC
Block
R&D
Block
Ware
House
ETP
MEE
RO
Reject
RO Permeate
Incinerator
TSDF
Gardening
150
30
27
6
32
85
Softener 79
6
79
60
84
Process
/MEE
Steam
Return Condensate from process
30
3
From MEE & Process
Foul Condensate
48
3 Evap
54
MEE Distillate
6 Domestic
Effluent
112
11
101 4
4
3
3
1
1
36
110
5 Evap
224
219
5 5 Evap Foul Condensate
Recycle water
178
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2.6 Wastewater generation and Treatment Facilities
Total wastewater generated due to the proposed project will be about 193 m3/day. SCL has
proposed a robust Zero Liquid Discharge system for recycling their wastewater for the utilities
purpose. Recycled water will not be used for the production of API & Intermediates by
anyways as per the FDA guidelines. The wastewater generated will be segregated into two
streams of HTDS and LTDS for superior operation of ETP.
HTDS effluent from process of about 79 m3/day and 36 m3/day of ETP RO rejects will be
treated in a dedicated MEE and the MEE distillate of 110 m3/day will be diverted to ETP. LTDS
effluent of about 114 m3/day from various sources such as cooling tower blow down, boiler
blow down, ware house, R&D, QA/QC etc along with MEE distillate of 110 m3/day will be
treated in conventional ETP.
A biological Effluent Treatment Plant of capacity 300 m3/day and an MEE of capacity 150
m3/day is proposed for the treatment of wastewater generated during the post project
scenario. ETP outlet of 219m3/day is sent to Reverse Osmosis system having a capacity of
300m3/day. RO permeate of 178m3/day will be recycled back to 112m3/day for Cooling tower,
60m3/day Boiler, and 6 m3/day for domestic usage for flushing and other uses. No treated
wastewater will be discharged onto natural water bodies as full fledged ZLD system will be
adopted. The solids generated from the MEE will be sent to nearby TSDF facility.
2.7 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
Hazardous waste generated due to the proposed project is presented in the Table 2.49. Apart
from the below hazardous wastes other solid wastes such as cardboard, wooden pellets and
packing materials will be generated.
Table 2-49 Hazardous waste generated due to the proposed project
Category Type of Hazardous Waste Expected quantity
5.1 Used/spent oil 7.0 KL/year
28.1 Residue and waste 684 MT/year
28.2& 28.3 Spent catalyst/Spent carbon 5 MT /year
28.4 & 28.5 Date-expired, discarded and off specification drugs/ medicines
500 Kg/year
28.6 Spent organic solvents 240 KL/Year
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Category Type of Hazardous Waste Expected quantity
33.1 Discarded containers / barrels /liners used for hazardous wastes/ chemicals
6000 No. /Year
35.3 Chemical Sludge 2190 MT/Year
36.2 Filters & filter Material 8500 Kg/Year
37.2 Ash from incineration of hazardous waste, flue gas cleaning residues
150 MT/year
38.1 Distillation residue from contaminated organic solvents
50 MT/Year
An incinerator of capacity 150 kg/hr is proposed to incinerate following solid/hazardous
wastes;
• Process Residue & wastes under category No. 28.1
• Spent Catalyst/ Spent Carbon under category No. 28.3
• Date expired, discarded & off-specification drugs/medicines under category No. 28.4
& 28.5
• Filters & filter material with have organic liquids in them, e.g. mineral oil, synthetic oil
and organic chlorine compounds under category No. 36.2
• Distillation residue from contaminated organic solvents under category No. 38.1.
The ash from incinerator will be collected in printed hazardous waste bags & stored in
impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste store room. The flow diagram of proposed
incinerator is presented in the Figure
Figure 2-45 Flow Diagram of the Proposed Incinerator
Primary chamber (1000 0C)
Secondary chamber (1200 0C)
Quencher Spray Alkaline
Water
Venturi Scrubber Alkaline
Caustic lye recirculation
tank
I.D.
Fan
Flue Gas
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2.8 Project Cost and Schedule
The total tentative cost for the project will be around 64 Crores. The total project will be
carried out in two phases. During first phase all the utilities and some multipurpose
production blocks along with full-fledged ZLD facility will be constructed. During second phase
all other remaining multipurpose production blocks will be constructed. The project schedule
is presented in Table 2.50.
Table 2-50 Project Schedule
Sl. No.
Description No. of Months
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
1 Procurement of Equipment
2 Civil & Structural Work
3 Equipment Erection
4 Electricals & Auto machines
5 Tests and Trial Runs
6 Commissioning and Trial Production.
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3 DESCRIPTION OF BASELINE ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS
3.1 Introduction
This chapter represents the description of existing environmental status of the study area
with reference to the prominent environmental attributes. The study area covers 10 km
radius around the boundaries of the proposed project site. Baseline studies are conducted to
document the pre project environmental conditions, required for quantifying the impacts due
to the proposed project efficiently. The baseline data is desirable to capture seasonal effects
of many environmental phenomena with reference to air, water, noise and soil qualities.
Study Area- The project is located at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi, Distt,
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab. The proposed project involves Green field API and
Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit and the proposed project land is barren, hence
no rehabilitation or resettlement is required. The plant site is well connected to NH 73-North
East direction which is 2.6 km aerial distance from the proposed project site. The nearest
railway junction Chandigarh railway junction which is about 20 km away from the proposed
project site. The nearest airport is Chandigarh, which is about 12 km from the proposed
project site. The study area is covered by Toposheet No. 53-B/14 and 53-F/02 and project site
falls in 53-B/14. The study area of 10 km radius from the proposed project site was defined
for primary data collection as per the ToR approved by MoEF&CC. The Topo map showing the
project site is given in Figure.3.1.
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Figure 3-1 Topo Map showing the Study Area
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3.2 Scope and Methodology of Conducting Baseline study
The existing environmental setting is considered to adjudge the baseline environmental
conditions, which are described with respect to climate, hydro-geological aspects,
atmospheric conditions, water quality, soil quality, vegetation pattern, ecology, land use and
socio-economic profile of the people. Hence the assessment of baseline environmental
setting is an essential component of the EIA study.
As a part of EIA, and ToR vide Letter no. IA-J-11011/438/2017-IA-II(I), Dated 26th October
2017, the primary baseline data monitored covers three (3) months dated (25th November
2017 to 26th February 2018) and secondary data was collected from Government and Semi-
Government organizations. The primary baseline data has been generated by M/s.
Interstellar Testing Centre Pvt Ltd, an NABL/MoEF&CC approved Environmental Testing
Laboratory. Also the field surveys were conducted for primary data generation on various
aspects. The results obtained from primary baseline data were co-related with the respective
secondary data in order to analyze the environmental conditions of the project site.
Primary data on Metorological data, Water, Air, Noise, Soil, Land, Flora & Fauna and Socio-
Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was
collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi-
Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table.3.1 gives various environmental
attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table.3.2 gives the
frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes.
Table 3-1 Various Environmental Attributes
S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data
1 Land Use Trend of land use change for different categories
Topo sheet and Satellite imagery and ground truth verification
2 Ambient Air Quality
As per NAAQ standard parameter i.e, Particulate Matter (PM10 and PM2.5), Sulfur dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen dioxide (NO2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Lead (Pb), Benzene (C6H6), Benzo (a) Pyrene, Arsenic (As), Nickel (Ni),VOC
Ambient air quality monitoring at eight locations
3 Water Quality Physical, Chemical and Biological parameters
One sample of surface water and Eight ground water samples at eight locations during this study period
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S.No. Attribute Parameter Source of Data
4 Noise levels Noise levels in dB(A) Noise level monitoring at eight locations
5 Ecology
Study of Existing terrestrial flora and fauna within the 10 km radius of project influence area through Quadrate and Line transact method for trees, shrubs and herbs, Point count method for birds, Belt transect method for road side trees and butterflies. Reconnaissance survey (Near Agricultural, Human habitations and Road side), identification of ecologically sensitive receptors based on literature survey and field investigations
Secondary sources and Field studies and Reconnaissance survey
6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources
7 Soil
Soil types and samples analyzed for physical and chemical parameters.
Data collected from secondary sources and soil sample analysis at eight locations
8 Socio economic aspects
Primary Survey was undertaken at the designated villages to establish the existing socioeconomic status of the study area. Socioeconomic indicators such as demography, literacy, health and livelihood, amenities and cultural aspects were studied, Secondary Published data on population and amenities obtained from Directorate of Census Operations, GOI characteristics were collected
Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources
Table 3-2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology
Attributes Sampling Measurement
Method Remarks
Network Frequency
A. Air Environment
Particulate Matter (PM10)
Total 8 locations to represent both upwind, down wind and background concentrations as per the CPCB guidelines.
24 hourly, two days in a week and 12 weeks in a 3 month and total 24 samples were collected from each location
Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone) As per CPCB
Standards under November 18th 2009 Notification for NAAQS
Particulate Matter (PM2.5)
Gravimetric (High- Volume with PM10 Impactor)
Oxides of Sulphur (SO2)
EPA Modified West & Gaeke method
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx)
Arsenite Modified Jacob & Hochheiser
B. Noise
Hourly equivalent noise levels
Requisite locations in the project influence area
Once
Instrument : Noise level meter
IS: 4954-1968
C. Water
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Attributes Sampling Measurement
Method Remarks
Network Frequency
Water Quality Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water
Once
Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association.
D. Land Environment
Parameter for soil quality: pH, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium.
Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification within project influence area
Once
Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson
3.3 Administration Setup of the Study Area District1
The district was created by carving out 2 blocks (Sialba Majra and Kharar) from Ropar district
and one block (Derabassi) from Patiala district. Administratively, the district is divided into 3
tehsil viz.,Derabassi, Mohali & Kharar comprising of 3 development blocks. The total
population of the district is 9,86,147. The decennial growth rate (2001-2011) of population in
the district is 30.02%. The literacy rate is 84.9 % and the population density is 830
1 District Ground Water Brochure S.A.S Nagar, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board Central Ground Water Board Northwestern Region Chandigarh, 2013
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Source: District Census Handbook Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Directorate of Census Operations, Punjab, 2011
3.4 Land Environment
3.4.1 Physiography & Drainage
3.4.1.1 Physiography of the Region2
The district is bounded by Patiala and Fatehgrah Sahib District in the south-west, Ropar
district in the northwest, Chandigarh and Panchkula in the east and Ambala district of Haryana
state in the south.
This district is sub-divided into following two sub-micro regions on the basis of soils,
topography, climate and natural vegetation; (i) SAS plain and (ii) Ghaggar flood plain. Each of
2 District Ground Water Brochure S.A.S Nagar, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board Central Ground Water Board Northwestern Region Chandigarh, 2013
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these regions is described briefly as follows:
a) SAS Plain: This region spreads over the northern and north western parts of SAS
district, occupying the whole tahsils of Kharar, Dera Bassi and Mohali. The region is a
flat featureless plain having alluvial and most fertile soils. The main soils are Ochre
pets -Orthents and Ocharepts- Psammets. But there are some pockets in the western
parts of Kharar and Dera Bassi tahsils where the surface water dries out in dry
weather, leaving a sheet of white powdery material at the surface, which is known as
Kallar or Reh.
b) Ghaggar Flood Plain: The chief stream which traverses this district is the Ghaggar. It
rises in Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh and is known by the name of Kaushalaya
in the upper reaches. After flowing through Himachal territory and Ambala district of
Haryana it enters plains near Dera Bassi (Mubarikpur). Thereafter it is called Ghaggar.
It flows in the south – westerly direction and is joined by streams like Tangri, Patiala
Rao, etc. Later outside the district boundaries it is joined by combined waters of
Saraswati and Tangri stream (emanating in Haryana). Its bed is narrow and ill defined
in Banur and Rajpura areas but near Ghannaur its banks are low and the stream floods
easily. Further south the river flow provides some excellent soil. In summer only small
quantity of water is available in its upper reaches, but during the rainy season the
quantity of water is considerable which cause floods and damage to crops and
property. An inundation canal called ‘Banur Canal’ has been taken out near Banur,
which besides provide irrigation helps in controlling the floods. The Ghaggar after
flowing through Patiala and Sangrur district traverses through Haryana State and
disappears in the ‘Thar Desert’ near Hanumangarh in Rajasthan
3.4.1.2 Physiography of the Study Area
The Study area exhibits plain terrain. In the northern part of the study area (10 km Radius) is
relatively elevated topography. The reserved forest with in 10 km radius is as follows:
1) Kholhai Raitan Reserved Forest
2) Bir Kheri Reserve Forest
3) Bir Pir Machhela Reserved Forest
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The minimum and maximum elevation of the study area (10 km radius) is 290 and 600 m amsl
(above mean sea level) respectively The Project site is located about 320-322 m m amsl
(above mean sea level). The Physiographic map of the study area and digital elevation model
of the study area is presented Figure 3.3. and Figure 3.4
Figure 3-3 Physiographic Map of the Study Area
Figure 3-4 Digital elevation model of the study area
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3.4.1.3 Drainage of the Region3
The Ghaggar River and its tributaries form the natural drainage system on Derabassi block of
the district. While north-eastern part is drained by Siswan Nadi, Jainti Devi Ki Rao and Patiali
Rao, which emerge from the Siwalik Hills. The Siswan Nadi drains the northern part of the
district and finally converges with Sutlej River in the Ropar district. While Jainti Devi Ki Rao
and Patiali Rao drains in NE-SW direction and joins the Ghaggar River.
3.4.1.4 Drainage of the Study Area
There is no major reservoir with in 10 km radius from the project site. The rivers with in 10
km radius are as follows:
a. Medkhali Nalla
b. Ghagghar River
c. Mullawali Nadi
d. Dangri Nadi
The river Medkhali Nalla flows in the north of the project site at distance of 0.7 km. The
drainage of the study area is given in Figure 3.5.
Figure 3-5 Drainage Map of the study area
3 District Ground Water Brochure S.A.S Nagar, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board
Central Ground Water Board Northwestern Region Chandigarh, 2013
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3.4.2 Land Use / Land Cover of the Study Area
Land Use / Land Cover: Land Use refers to man's activity and the various uses, which are
carried on land. Land Cover refers to natural vegetation, water bodies, rock/soil, artificial
cover and others, resulting due to land transformation.
In order to demarcate different land use classes of the study area, the remote sensing data
such as satellite imagery and GIS techniques were used. The land use / land cover maps
developed using these techniques will be utilized for assessing the aerial extent of the
different classes and interpreting the land use pattern for the study area.
Satellite remote sensing is used for determining different types of land use classes as it
provides a means of assessing a large area with limited time and resources. However satellite
images do not record land cover details directly and they are measured based on the solar
energy reflected from each area on the land. The amount of multi spectral energy in multi
wavelengths depends on the type of material at the earth’s surface and the objective is to
associate particular land cover with each of these reflected energies, which is achieved using
either visual or digital interpretation. The present study envisages different LULC around the
project area
3.4.2.1 Satellite Data
IRS Resourcesat-2 LISS-III multispectral satellite data of 16th March 2017 was utilized for the
present study. Details of satellite data is given below. The rectification of imagery was carried
out on to bring the digital data on the earth coordinate system by means of ground control
point (GCP) assignments/SoI toposheets. IRS P6 Satellite Imagery of the 10 km radius from
the project site is given in Figure 3.6.
Scale of Mapping- Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III data
on 1:50000 Scale was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for proposed
site. The description of the land use categories for 10 km radius and the statistics are given
for 10 km radius.
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Figure 3-6 Satellite Imaginary of Study Area of 10 km
3.4.2.2 Land Use /Land Cover Classification System
The LU/LC Classification was done at three levels where level -1 being the broad classification
about the land covers that is Built-up land, agriculture land, waste land, wet lands, and water
bodies. These were followed by level –II where built-up land was divided into towns/cities as
well as villages. The Agriculture land was divided into different classes such as cropland,
Fallow, Plantation, while wastelands were broadly divided into, Land with scrub and without
Scrub and Mining and Industrial wasteland. The wetlands were classified into inland wetlands,
coastal wetlands and islands. The water bodies were classified further into River/stream,
Canal, Tanks and bay. In the present study level II classification was undertaken.
The procedure adopted for land use mapping is shown in the flowchart (Figure 3.7). The
present land use / land cover maps were prepared, based on the classification system of
national standards. The details of the Land Use Classification System are presented in the
Table 3.3.
Figure 3-7 Flow Chart showing Methodology of Land use Mapping
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Considering the user defined scale of mapping, 1:50000 IRS-P6, LISS-III data on 1:50000 Scale
was used for Land use / Land cover mapping of 10 km radius for project site. The description
of the land use categories and the statistics for 10 km radius are given.
Table 3-3 Land Use/Land Cover Classification System
S. No. Level-1 Level-2
1 Built-up Land
Town/cities
Villages
Institution/Industry/Godown etc
Plotted Area/Layout
2 Agriculture Land
Crop Land
Plantations
Fallow
3 Forest
Evergreen/Semi evergreen
Deciduous
Forest Plantation
4 Wastelands
Rocky/Stony Waste
Land with /without shrubs
Saline/sandy & Marshy/swampy
5 Water Bodies River/Stream
Lake/Reservoir/Tanks
6 Others Orchard/Other Plantation
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S. No. Level-1 Level-2
Shifting cultivation
Salt Pans, Snow covered/Glacial
Barren/Vacant Land
3.4.2.3 Interpretation Technique
Standard on screen visual interpretation procedure was followed. The various Land use / Land
cover classes interpreted along with the SoI topographical maps during the initial rapid
reconnaissance of the study area. The physiognomic expressions conceived by image
elements of color, tone, texture, size, shape, pattern, shadow, location and associated
features are used to interpret the FCC imagery. Image interpretation keys were developed for
each of the LU/LC classes in terms of image elements.
March 2017 FCC imagery (Digital data) of the study area was interpreted for the relevant land
use classes. On screen visual interpretation coupled with supervised image classification
techniques are used to prepare the land use classification.
1. Digitisation of the study area (10 km radius from the proposed site) from the topo
maps
2. In the present study the IRS –P6 satellite image have been procured and interpreted
using the ERDAS imaging and ARC-GIS soft ware adopting the necessary
interpretation techniques.
3. Satellite data interpretation and vectorisation of the resulting units
4. Adopting the available guidelines from manual of LULC mapping using Satellite
imagery (NRSA, 1989)
5. Field checking and ground truth validation
6. Composition of final LULC map
In addition to these, traverse routes were planned with reference to SoI topographical maps
to verify interpreted LU/LC classes in such a manner that all the different classes are covered
by at least 5 sampling areas, evenly distributed in the area. The land use classification is
presented in the Figure 3.8.
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Figure 3-8 Land Use Classification of the Study Area
3.4.2.4 Descriptions of the Land Use/ Land cover classes
Built-up land- It is defined as an area of human settlements composed of houses, commercial
complex, transport, communication lines, utilities, services, places of worships, recreational
areas, industries etc. Depending upon the nature and type of utilities and size of habitations,
residential areas can be aggregated into villages, towns and cities. All the man made
construction covering land belongs to this category. The built- up in 10 km radius from the
project site is presented in the Table 3.4.
Table 3-4 Built Up Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S. No Land use Area in Sq.km Percentage
1 Built-up Land (Rural / Urban) 34.12 10.54
The built up land (Rural / Urban) occupies 10.54 %
Agricultural Land - This category includes the land utilized for crops, vegetables, fodder and
fruits. Existing cropland and current fallows are included in this category. It is described as an
area under agricultural tree crops, planted adopting certain agricultural management
techniques. The Agricultural land in 10 km radius from the project site is presented in the
Table 3.5.
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Table 3-5 Agricultural Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site
S. No Land use Area in Sq. Km Percentage
1 Crop Land 165.96 51.26
2 Fallow Land 32.14 9.93
3 Plantation 46.12 14.25
All the agricultural lands, Crop land occupies maximum of 51.26 % area within 10 km radius.
Forest Land- These are the areas bearing an association predominantly of trees and other
vegetation types (within the notified forest boundaries) capable of producing timber and
other forest produce. The study area of 10 km buffer comprise of Forest plantation, forest
blanks and Scrub Forest. The Forest land in 10 km radius from the project site is presented in
the Table 3.6
Table 3-6 Forest Land in 10 km radius from the Project Site
Water bodies- The category comprises area of surface water, either impounded in the form
of ponds, reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers and canals. River cater channel is inland
waterways used for irrigation and for flood control. The water bodies in 10 km radius from
the project site are presented in the Table 3.7.
Table 3-7 Water bodies in 10 km radius from the Project Site
Sl.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Water Bodies – Tank, River, Canal 27.26 8.42
The study reveals that the following major land use in the study area of 10 km radius from the
project boundary
• In the agricultural land (Crop Land- 165.96 %) occupies majority of the area.
• About 15.54 % of the built up land.
• The Built-up land urban nature occupies majority of the area surrounding the site
Figure 3.9 presents the different land use classes around 10 km radius from the project site
and the same are tabulated in the Table 3.8.
Figure 3-9 Land Use Classes around 10 km radius from the Project Site
S.No Land use Area in Sq.Km Percentage
1 Scrub Forest 18.13 5.6
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Table 3-8 Land Use Classes around 10 km radius from the Project Site
S.No Land use Percentage Area in Sq.Km
1 Built-up Land 10.54 34.120
2 Crop Land 51.26 165.960
3 Fallow Land 9.93 32.140
4 Plantation 14.25 46.120
5 Scrub Forest 5.60 18.130
6 Water Body 8.42 27.260
Total 100.00 323.73
3.5 Geology 4
3.5.1.1 Geology of the Region
The area can be broadly grouped into two depending upon its geomorphic features as alluvial
fan and alluvial plains. Alluvial fans are deposited by hill torrents with a wavy plain rather than
a steep slope. Adjacent to the alluvial fan are the alluvial plains which forms a part of large
Indo- Gangetic Quaternary basin comprises of thick sand and silty sand layers interbedded
with silt and clay beds.
3.5.1.2 Geology of the Study Area
The Study area underlined by the following geological formation:
a) Multiple fill cyclic sequence Coarse grained greysand and grit with pebble Marine
formation
b) Pinjore Formation Sandstone / Conglomerate
c) Polycyclic Sequence of Sand Silt, Clay with Kankar
4 District Census Handbook Kancheepuram, Directorate of Census Operations, Tamil Nadu,2011
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The Project site fall in the Polycyclic Sequence of Sand Silt, Clay with Kankar. The geology map
of 10 km radius is presented in Figure 3.10
Figure 3-10 Geology Map of 10 km Radius
3.5.1.3 Mineral Resource
The district is poor as regards mineral wealth. It is mostly a plain of alluvial type. It also has
loam to heavy loam and sand to sandy loam soils in certain parts of the district. The area can
be broadly grouped into two depending upon its geomorphic features as alluvial fan and
alluvial plains. Alluvial fans are deposited by hill torrents with a wavy plain rather than a steep
slope. Adjacent to the alluvial fan are the alluvial plains which forms a part of large Indo-
Gangetic Quaternary basin comprises of thick sand and silty sand layers interbedded with silt
and clay beds. The alluvial plains are of vital economic value as it supports the dense
population of the district. The soils are mainly developed on alluvium under the dominant
influence of climate followed by topography and time. The major soil type of the district is
weakly solonized tropical arid brown soils. A few minor minerals are, however, found,
• Kankar—It is massive, hard and compact nodular calcareous material light grey to dark
grey. Sand, silt and clay are found associated with kankar. It occurs mostly in the form
of isolated beds and pockets. It can be used for white washing and road metalling.
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• Saltpetre —Saltpetre is a general trade name for all the nitrates of sodium, potassiium
and calcium. Nitrates of potassium are known as nitre of saltpetre whereas those of
sodium are called sodanitre, caliche or chile saltpetre. Well saltpetre or notrocalcite is
the nitrate of Ca. It is seen that like any other crop saltpetre also grows. It appears on
the surface as an alkaline efforescence during summer month. It is used in
manufacture of gun powder, preparation of agricultural fertilizers, etc
• Alkaline Earth.—Some brick earth and foundry sands are reported from the district.
3.6 Geomorphology & Structure
The land forms / geomorphic units and structures such as fractures, fissures and faults have
been interpreted from the recent satellite image. All the landform / geomorphic units and
structures occurring in the study area are mapped. The geomorphology and structures of the
area plays the vital role in identifying the ground water potential zones.
The District can be broadly grouped into two depending upon its geomorphic features as
alluvial fan and alluvial plains. Alluvial fans are deposited by hill torrents with a wavy plain
rather than a steep slope. Adjacent to the alluvial fan are the alluvial plains which forms a part
of large Indo- Gangetic Quaternary basin comprises of thick sand and silty sand layers
interbedded with silt and clay beds. The alluvial plains are of vital economic value as it
supports the dense population of the district.
The following geomorphic units have been interpreted using the satellite images within 10
km radius of the project site boundary.
1) Alluvial Plain - Older under Canal Command
2) Pidemont Alluvium Deep
The above units are good with respect to Ground water occurrence and movement. The
Project site is located in Pidemont Alluvium Deep. Apart from the above there is fracture
system occur in and around the project site. The fractures are the good ground water conduit.
High yielding bore wells expected in the intersection of fractures. It is also observed that there
is promising fracture aquifer within 1 km from the project boundary and within the site. The
Geomorphology and Structure of the study area is given in Figure 3.11.
Figure 3-11 Geomorphology and Structure of the study area
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3.7 Soil Environment
3.7.1 Soil of the Region
The alluvial plains are of vital economic value as it supports the dense population of the
district. The soils are mainly developed on alluvium under the dominant influence of climate
followed by topography and time. The major soil type of the district is weakly solonized
tropical arid brown soils.
3.7.2 Soil in the Study area
Soil type and its fertility of an area are essential to plan for cropping. Soils are primarily
derived from parent rocks. The colour, texture and mineral content are normally used to
classify the soils. The soils are mainly developed on alluvium under the dominant influence of
climate followed by topography and time. The major soil type of the district is weakly
solonized tropical arid brown soils.
The soils in the study area are classified into 3 types and is presented in the below table. The
soil map of the study area is prepared based on the National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land
use Planning, Nagpur
Table 3-9 Soil Classification in the Study Area
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S.No. Soil Classification
1 Very deep, moderately well drained, fine loamy, calcareous soil
2 Very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils
3 Very deep, well drained, fine loamy, calcareous soil
The site is located in Very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils. The soil sample collected from
the project site during the study period also indicates that the porosity of the soil is 35% which
indicates moderate permeability. The Soil map of the study area is given in Figure 3.12
Figure 3-12 Soil Map of the study area
3.7.3 Background Soil Quality in the Study Area
For studying the soil quality in the region, sampling locations were selected to assess the
existing soil conditions in and around the existing plant area representing various land use
conditions. The physical, chemical and heavy metals concentrations were determined.
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Eight (8) locations within the 10 km of the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each
location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz. 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm
below the surface and are homogenized with the help of stainless steel soil-sampling probe.
The soil samples were collected during study period. Various physical and chemical
parameters were analyzed as per Indian Standards. The soil sampling locations are shown in
Figure 3.13. The photographs of the soil sampling are presented in the Figure.3.14. Physico-
chemical characteristics of collected soil samples within study area of 10Kms are given in
Table.3.10. The summary results of the soil quality are presented in Annexure-6. The soil
sampling results are compared with the standard soil classification.
Figure 3-13 Location of Soil Sampling in the Study Area
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Figure 3-14 Photographs of Soil Sampling
S1(TBRL Colony) S6(Billa)
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S7 (Mahiwala) S8 (Derabassi)
Physico-chemical characteristics of collected soil samples within study area of 10kms are
given in Table 3.11. The soil sampling results are compared with the standard soil
classification.
Table 3-11 Physico-Chemical Characteristics of Soil samples Collected within the Study Area
* Heavy metals such as Pb, CO, Cu, Cr, Hg were found to be below the detectable limit
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3.7.4 Soil Analysis Result
The pH of the soil was observed to be in the range of 8.31 to 9.1 indicating that soil is strongly
basic as per the standard soil classification. The bulk density varies from 0.99 g/cm3 to 1.18
g/cm3. Electrical conductivity ranges from 37 µmhos to 54 µmhos. The concentration of
chlorides varied from 0.12 % by mass to 0.18 % by mass. Water holding capacity ranged from
38 % to 42 %. Organic matter ranged from 0.09 % to 0.12 % indicating that organic matter is
low. Heavy metals were found to be below detectable limit.
Nutrients: Available Potassium level and available phosphorus levels in the soil was observed
to be in the range of 0.05 % by mass to 0.09 % by mass and 0.02 to 0.06 % by mass
respectively. Calcium was found to be in the range of 4.41 mg/L to 5.47 mg/L and magnesium
was found to be in the range of 0.12 % by mass to 0.43 % by mass. Nitrogen content varied
from 0.08 % by mass to 0.15 % by mass indicating low nitrogen content as per the standard
soil classification.
3.8 Seismic zone
The project area falls under ZONE IV of seismic zones of India as per the IS 1893 (part 1):2002.
The Seismic zone map of India is shown in Figure 3.15.
With respect to earthquake hazard, the project site falls in Zone V i.e. High Damage Risk Zone
(Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997, Ministry of Urban Development (Figure 3.16).
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Figure 3-15 Seismic Zone Map of India
Zone II – Least Active Seismic Zone, Zone III – Moderate Seismic Zone, Zone IV – High Seismic Zone, Zone V – Highest Seismic Zone
Figure 3-16 Earthquake Hazard Map
Source: Vulnerability Atlas of India 1997, Ministry of Urban Development
Project Site
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3.9 Meteorological Data
Micro-meteorological data forms an important component of the Environmental Impact
Assessment (EIA) study. As a part of the EIA study, both published long-term data and site
specific meteorological data was collected as per the Standard ToR (Terms of Reference)
issued by MoEF&CC for the proposed project. A meteorological station was installed at
Derabassi that is within the study area from the project site.
3.9.1 Climatological Data-IMD Ambala Observatory
The meteorological data collected from “Climatological Tables” comprises monthly mean
wind speed, wind direction, temperature, relative humidity, rainfall etc., published by Indian
Meteorological Department (IMD) and is presented in Table 3.12. Thus, the secondary data
collected was recorded over 30 years (1970 to 2000). Nearest IMD station from the proposed
project site located at Ambala, Haryana (Aerial distance-28 km) was considered as
observatory station for the proposed project. This data was compared with the site specific
data generated during baseline monitoring studies for analysis purpose.
Ambala region experiences maximum temperature to the tune of 48°C during the summer
months, especially in June, whereas the lowest temperature reported during the winter
season especially in the month of January was in the order of -1°C.
The maximum relative humidity is generally experienced during November and December
with a peal level of about 85%. The lowest humidity can be observed during summer period,
especially in April and May with about 28%. The average annual rainfall of the Ambala was
reported to be in the order of 963 mm and maximum rainfall occurs from the month of June
to September. The winds predominantly blow from North Western direction during winter
(December to February), summer (March to May) and post monsoon season (October to
November). Seasonal as well as annual wind rose diagrams are presented in Figure 3.17 and
Figure 3.18 respectively. Wind velocities were found almost stable throughout year with an
annual average level below 5 m/s (19 kmph). Calm hours of 45 % have been observed
throughout the year.
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Figure 3-17 Windrose diagrams for various seasons as per IMD Ambala observatory data
Winter (December-February) Summer (March-May)
Monsoon (June-September) Post monsoon (October-November)
Figure 3-18 Annual Windrose Diagram as per IMD Ambala Observatory Data
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Table 3-12 Indian Meteorological Department – Climatological Tables 30 Years Data: 1970-2000 Station: Ambala
3.9.2 Site Specific Meteorological Data for the Study Period (25th November 2017 to 26th
February 2018)
The continuous weather monitoring station was installed near the site at a height of 5 m
above the ground level and hourly measurements of the following parameters were
measured at site during the study period i.e from 25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018.
Wind speed (m/s), wind direction (Degrees), Temperature (°C), Relative humidity (%), visibility
(%) and Rainfall (mm) were recorded.
3.9.2.1 Ambient Temperature Profile during the Study Period
As the meteorological data was recorded during winter season, lower temperatures was
observed during the study period. It was observed that the values of temperature ranged
from 5°C during the daytime in the month of January to 29 °C during the day time especially
in the noon in the month of November.
3.9.2.2 Relative Humidity during the Study Period
The maximum, average and minimum hourly relative humidity variation at site during the
study period was observed to be 100 %, 80 % and 24 % respectively.
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3.9.2.3 Wind Direction
The predominant wind direction during the study period was from North Western direction.
These readings are in line with IMD long term data. Site Specific Wind Rose for the Study
Period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018) is given in Figure 3.19
Figure 3-19 Site Specific Wind Rose for the Study Period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018)
Start Date: 25/11/2017-00.00 to 27/02/2017-23.00 Avg Wind Speed: 3.26 m/s
3.10 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
The ambient air quality with respect to the study area of 10 km radius around the proposed
Project site forms the baseline information. As per the conditions of standard Terms of
Reference issued by MoEF&CC, ambient air quality monitoring was conducted in the 10 km
radius of the study area at eight (8) locations for a period of three months in order to assess
the levels of pollutants in the surrounding, outdoor air.
Various sources of air pollutants in the region include vehicular traffic, urban activities, dust
particles from open roads, industrial emissions and burning of crop residue. The proposed
project is located at Village Nimbuan, Derabassi, SAS Nagar District, Punjab. This section
describes the selection of sampling locations, parameters analysed and the ambient air
quality results of the various criteria pollutants.
3.10.1 Methodology adopted for Air Quality Monitoring
The selection of the ambient air quality monitoring stations was done based on the CPCB
guidelines and Environmental Impact Assessment Manual published by MoEF&CC. The study
area forms a typical rural background with some of the major industries located within the
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study area. The primary source of pollution is national highways passing within the study area
including NH73 (Panchkula to Roorkee), NH22 (Ambala Chadigarg Expressway). In addition to
these sources crop burning is one of the major contributors of particulate matter in the
region.
The air quality monitoring stations were selected based on the long-term meteorological data
of nearest IMD station at Ambala for the specific seasons to estimate the possible impact zone
due to emissions from the proposed boilers at the Project site. The regional meteorological
data for November to February indicates that the predominant wind direction is North West.
It is noted that bio briquettes will be utilized as fuel for the proposed boilers due to which the
emissions from the proposed project will be insignificant.
Eight (8) air quality monitoring stations were selected to conduct a detailed monitoring as per
the CPCB guidelines. Details of the air monitoring stations are presented in Table 3.13.
Stations at villages Alipur (AAQ4) and Kami (AAQ3) represent the down-wind direction of the
proposed Project site, whereas stations at Pandwala (AAQ2) and TBRL Colony (AAQ1)
represent the upwind direction. The other stations are located at North East and South
direction represents crosswind direction. Station at Derabassi represents the air quality near
major town and major settlement in the study area. Location of the ambient air quality
stations are presented in Figure 3.20.
Table 3-13 Details of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Stations
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S.No Stations Locations Distance from
plant (Km) Direction
Site Co ordinates
Environmental Setting
76°50'36.24"E
Figure 3-20 Locations of Air Quality Monitoring Stations
30 years IMD Wind
rose- Winter
Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out at a frequency of two days per week at each
of the identified location during study period (November 2017 to February 2018). The
following criteria parameters were monitored according to the terms of reference and
National Ambient Air Quality Standards as stated under MoEF&CC Notification dated 16th
The photographs of the sampling locations are presented in the Figure 3.21. The consolidated
results of ambient air quality monitoring are shown in Table 3.14. and test reports are
attached as Annexure 6.
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Figure 3-21 Site Photographs of AAQ Monitoring in the Study Area
AAQ1 (TBRL Colony)
AAQ2 (Pandwala)
AAQ3 (Kami)
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AAQ4 (Alipur)
AAQ5 (Kot)
AAQ6 (Billa)
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AAQ7 (Mahiwala)
AAQ8 (Derabassi)
Table 3-14 Summary of the Average Baseline Concentrations of Pollutants during the Study Period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018)
Note: Other parameters such as Pb, CO, As, Ni, C6H6 were found to be below detectable limit at all the locations
3.10.2 Observations on Ambient Air Quality of the Study Area
3.10.2.1 Particulate Matter
It is the sum of all solid and liquid particles suspended in the air. It is generally classified into
PM2.5 and PM10 based on the size. The concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 were analysed at all
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the eight locations of the study area and the summary is presented in the Table 3.14 and
Table 3.15 respectively.
Table 3-15 PM2.5 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period
Station code
Location Distance from the
site
Direction wrt to site
PM2.5 Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile Standard
AAQ1 TBRL Colony
3.75 NW 34.0 76.0 58.5 72.9 60
AAQ2 Pandwala 3.10 NW 27.0 69.0 55.5 67.2 60
AAQ3 Kami 3.46 SE 21.0 65.0 49.4 63.6 60
AAQ4 Alipur 4.16 SE 30.0 66.0 52.7 64.2 60
AAQ5 Kot 3.51 NE 24.0 62.0 45.5 59.4 60
AAQ6 Billa 3.16 NE 24.0 61.0 48.5 60.1 60
AAQ7 Mahiwala 6.09 SW 19.0 66 55.5 65.5 60
AAQ8 Derabassi 6.46 SW 32.0 66.0 57.0 65.5 60
The minimum and maximum concentration of PM2.5 was observed to be 19 µg/m3 at
Mahiwala and 76 µg/m3 at TBRL Colony. The average concentration in the study area ranged
from 45.5 µg/m3 at Kot to 58.5 µg/m3 at TBRL Colony. The observed average concentrations
at all the locations were found closer to the permissible range of 60 µg/m3 as per NAAQ
standards prescribed by CPCB. The ambient air quality data of Punjab Pollution Control Board
(Derabassi) was extracted and compared for the analysis of baseline environmental status. It
was observed that the annual average of RSPM from the year 2013 to 2017 was found to be
in the range of 93 µg/m3 to 130 µg/m3 at two stations of Derabassi5 indicating that PM
concentration is above the permissible range of 100 µg/m3 as prescribed by CPCB. The high
concentration of PM in the region may be due to vehicular movement, industries and burning
of crop residue which is one of major sources of PM in the region. The trends of PM2.5
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Figure 3-22 The trends of PM2.5 concentration in the Study Area
Table 3-16 PM10 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period
(25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018)
Station code Location
Distance from the
site
Direction wrt to site
PM10 Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile Standard
AAQ1 TBRL Colony
3.75 NW 63.0 118.0 98.0 117.1 100
AAQ2 Pandwala 3.10 NW 55.0 112.0 93.4 111.1 100
AAQ3 Kami 3.46 SE 56.0 117.0 92.1 113.3 100
AAQ4 Alipur 4.16 SE 57.0 131.0 93.1 127.0 100
AAQ5 Kot 3.51 NE 62.0 136.0 88.2 121.0 100
AAQ6 Billa 3.16 NE 62.0 116.0 95.5 115.6 100
AAQ7 Mahiwala 6.09 SW 59.0 116.0 93.2 114.2 100
AAQ8 Derabassi 6.46 SW 58.0 109.0 94.2 108.1 100
The minimum and maximum concentration of PM10 was observed to be 55 µg/m3 at Pandwala
and 136 µg/m3 at Kot. The average concentration in the study area ranged from 88.2 µg/m3
at Kot to 98.0 µg/m3 at TBRL Colony. The observed average concentrations at all the locations
were found to be closer to the permissible range of 100 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards
prescribed by CPCB. Therefore the ambient air quality data of Punjab Pollution Control Board
(Derabassi) was extracted and compared for the analysis of baseline environmental status. It
was observed that the annual average of RSPM from the year 2013 to 2017 was found to be
in the range of 93 µg/m3 to 130 µg/m3 at two stations of Derabassi6 indicating that PM
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concentration is above the permissible range of 100 µg/m3 as prescribed by CPCB. The high
concentration of PM in the region may be due to vehicular movement, industries and burning
of crop residue which is one of major sources of PM in the region. The trends of PM10
concentration is presented in the Figure 3.23.
Figure 3-23 The trends of PM10 concentration in the Study Area
3.10.2.2 Sulphur Dioxide
Average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of SO2 in the study area at 8
locations are presented in Table 3.17.
Table 3-17 SO2 Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018)
Station code Location
Distance from the site
Direction wrt to site
SO2 Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile Standard
AAQ1 TBRL Colony
3.75 NW 7.0 13.0 9.87 12.6 80.0
AAQ2 Pandwala 3.10 NW 6.0 12.0 9.41 12.0 80.0
AAQ3 Kami 3.46 SE 5.0 12.0 7.91 11.6 80.0
AAQ4 Alipur 4.16 SE 6.0 10.0 8.1 10.0 80.0
AAQ5 Kot 3.51 NE 6.0 10.0 7.6 9.6 80.0
AAQ6 Billa 3.16 NE 6.0 11.0 9.0 11.0 80.0
AAQ7 Mahiwala 6.09 SW 6.0 12.0 9.5 12.0 80.0
AAQ8 Derabassi 6.46 SW 7.0 13.0 10.5 13.0 80.0
AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 AAQ8
AVG 98.0 93.4 92.1 93.1 88.2 95.5 93.2 94.2
MAX 118.0 112.0 117.0 131.0 136.0 116.0 116.0 109.0
MIN 63.0 55.0 56.0 57.0 62.0 62.0 59.0 58.0
0.0
20.0
40.0
60.0
80.0
100.0
120.0
140.0
160.0
PM
10
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
in
µg
/cm
3
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The minimum and maximum concentration of SO2 was observed to be 5 µg/m3 at Kami and
13.0 µg/m3 at Derabassih respectively. The average values were found to be in the range of
7.6 µg/m3to 10.5 µg/m3.The observed average SO2 concentrations at all the locations were
found to be well within the permissible range of 80 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards prescribed
by CPCB. The trends of SO2 concentration is presented in the Figure 3.24.
Figure 3-24 The trends of SO2 concentration in the Study Area
3.10.2.3 Nitrogen Dioxide
Average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of NOx in the study area at 8
locations are presented in Table 3.18.
Table 3-18 NOx Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018)
Station code Location
Distance from the
site
Direction wrt to site
NOx Concentration(µg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile Standard
AAQ1 TBRL Colony
3.75 NW 10.0 19.0 14.0 17.7 80.0
AAQ2 Pandwala 3.10 NW 9.0 18.0 13.1 17.2 80.0
AAQ3 Kami 3.46 SE 8.0 17.0 11.5 16.2 80.0
AAQ4 Alipur 4.16 SE 8.0 16.0 11.6 15.6 80.0
AAQ5 Kot 3.51 NE 8.0 15.0 11.0 14.2 80.0
AAQ6 Billa 3.16 NE 10.0 15.0 12.4 15.0 80.0
AAQ7 Mahiwala 6.09 SW 10.0 15.0 13.1 15.0 80.0
AAQ8 Derabassi 6.46 SW 10.0 17.0 14.3 17.0 80.0
AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 AAQ8
AVG 9.9 9.4 7.9 8.1 7.6 9.0 9.5 10.5
MAX 13.0 12.0 12.0 10.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0
MIN 7.0 6.0 5.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
SO
2 c
on
cen
tra
tio
n i
n µ
g/
m3
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The minimum and maximum concentration of NOx was observed to be 8 µg/m3 at Kami, Alipur
and Kot and 18 µg/m3 Pandwala. The average NOx concentrations in the study area were
observed to be in the range of 11.0 µg/m3 at Kot to 14.3 µg/m3 at Derabassi. Thus the
observed average NOx concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the
permissible range of 80 µg/m3 as per NAAQ standards prescribed the CPCB. The trends of NOX
concentration is presented in the Figure 3.25.
Figure 3-25 The trends of NOX concentration in the Study Area
3.10.2.4 Carbon Monoxide
Average, minimum and maximum reported concentrations of CO in the study area at 8
locations are presented in Table 3.19.
Table 3-19 CO Concentration in the Study Area during the study period (25th November 2017 to 26th February 2018)
Station code Location
Distance from the
site
Direction wrt to site
CO Concentration(mg/m3)
Min Max Avg 98th
percentile Standard
AAQ1 TBRL Colony
3.75 NW 0.8 1.4 1.1 1.4 2
AAQ2 Pandwala 3.10 NW 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.3 2
AAQ3 Kami 3.46 SE 0.5 1.2 0.9 1.2 2
AAQ4 Alipur 4.16 SE 0.7 1.3 1.0 1.3 2
AAQ5 Kot 3.51 NE 0.5 1.4 1.0 1.4 2
AAQ6 Billa 3.16 NE 0.1 1.3 0.9 1.3 2
AAQ7 Mahiwala 6.09 SW 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.3 2
AAQ8 Derabassi 6.46 SW 0.8 1.4 1.2 1.4 2
AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 AAQ8
AVG 14.0 13.1 11.5 11.6 11.0 12.4 13.1 14.3
MAX 19.0 18.0 17.0 16.0 15.0 15.0 15.0 17.0
MIN 10.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 10.0 10.0
0.0
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
12.0
14.0
16.0
18.0
20.0
NO
xco
nce
ntr
ati
on
in
µg
/m
3
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The minimum and maximum concentration of CO was observed to be 0.1 mg/m3 at Billa and
1.4 mg/m3 at TBRL Colony, Kot and Derabassi respectively. The average CO concentrations in
the study area were observed to be in the range of 0.9 mg/m3 to 1.2 mg/m3. Thus the
observed average CO concentrations at all the locations were found to be well within the
permissible range of 2 mg/m3 (8 hours) as per NAAQ standards prescribed the CPCB. The
trends of CO concentration is presented in the Figure 3.26.
Figure 3-26 The trends of CO concentration in the Study Area
3.11 Noise Environment
The Noise level in the study area was evaluated by recording the noise levels at eight (8)
different locations in the study area. The measurements were carried out using Type 1 noise
level integrated sound level meter. Monitoring was done at each location during the study
period for 24 hrs on hourly basis to obtain hourly equivalent sound pressure level. A digital
noise level meter was used to record the noise levels. From these values, day time and night
time and 24-hrs Leq values were calculated. Day time is considered from 0600 hrs to 2200 hrs
and night from 2200 hrs to 0600 hrs. Noise monitoring locations are represented in Table 3.20
and Figure 3.27. The photographs of noise monitoring conducted at various locations are
presented in Figure 3.28.
Table 3-20 Noise Sampling Locations
S.No Location Code Name of Locations
Distance from plant site (km)
Site Coordinates
1 N1 TBRL Colony 3.75 30°38'27.35"N 76°53'21.86"E
2 N2 Pandwala 3.10 30°37'6.44"N 76°52'45.49"E
3 N3 Kami 3.46 30°34'47.11"N 76°55'32.79"E
4 N4 Alipur 4.16 30°36'5.16"N
AAQ1 AAQ2 AAQ3 AAQ4 AAQ5 AAQ6 AAQ7 AAQ8
AVG 13.5 13.3 10.9 11.4 10.9 12.2 13.4 14.4
MAX 16.0 18.0 14.0 16.0 15.0 15.0 16.0 18.0
MIN 10.0 9.0 8.0 8.0 8.0 10.0 11.0 12.0
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
CO
co
nce
ntr
ati
on
in
m
g/
m3
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S.No Location Code Name of Locations
Distance from plant site (km)
Site Coordinates
76°57'17.80"E
5 N5 Kot 3.51 30°37'30.75"N 76°56'44.09"E
6 N6 Billa 3.16 30°38'15.27"N 76°55'41.86"E
7 N7 Mahiwala 6.09 30°34'17.31"N 76°51'43.22"E
8 N8 Derabassi 6.46 30°35'45.94"N 76°50'36.24"E
Figure 3-27 Noise Sampling Locations in the Study Area
Figure 3-28 Photographs of Noise Monitoring
N1 (TBRL Colony) N5 (Kot)
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The recorded noise levels from all the eight locations are presented in the Table 3.21 and The
hourly noise level monitoring data is enclosed in Annexure 6. The measured noise levels have
been compared with the standard specified in Schedule III, Rule 3 of Environmental Protection
Rules.
Table 3-21 Average Recorded Noise Levels
S.No Location
Code Name of Locations
Distance from plant site (km)
Leq in dB(A)
Day Night
1 N1 TBRL Colony 3.75 59.5 48.1
2 N2 Pandwala 3.10 54.8 43.6
3 N3 Kami 3.46 53.3 43.8
4 N4 Alipur 4.16 54.4 43.7
5 N5 Kot 3.51 52.9 41.2
6 N6 Billa 3.16 54.9 44.5
7 N7 Mahiwala 6.09 54.3 44.9
8 N8 Derabassi 6.46 63.5 54.5
NAAQ w.r.t. noise 55 45
Average day time and night time noise levels at residential areas in the study area was found
to be varying from 52.9 to 59.5 dB(A) and 41.2 dB(A) to 48.1 dB(A) respectively. As per NAAQS
w.r.t. noise prescribed by CPCB, the day time and night time noise levels in a residential area
shall not exceed 55 and 45 dB(A) Leq respectively. Hence the observed values donot exceed
the prescribed standards. Whereas at Derabassi, a commercial area, the average day time and
night time noise levels were observed to 63.6 dB(A) and 54.5 dB(A) repesctively. As per
NAAQS w.r.t. noise prescribed by CPCB, the day time and night time noise levels in a
commercial area shall not exceed 65 and 55 dB(A) Leq respectively. The observed values are
complying with the prescribed standards.
3.12 Water Environment
Water resources constitute mainly surface and groundwater with rainfall being the major
source.
3.12.1 Surface Water Resources in the Study Area
The Ghaggar River and its tributaries form the natural drainage system on Derabassi block of
SAS Nagar district. The River is located at distance of 4.5 km from the project site towards
North Western direction. The Ghaggar is an intermittent river of India which originates in the
Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh and is perennial only at the upper reaches. The river
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receives water during the monsoon. One surface water sample was collected from River
Ghaggar during the study period. The ghaggar river basin is presented in the Figure 3.29.
Figure 3-29 Ghaggar River Basin
3.12.2 Surface Water Quality
There is no major reservoir with in 10 km radius from the project site. The river Medkhali
Nalla flows in the north of the project site at distance of 0.7 Km. Most of the water bodies are
seasonal and they get water only during rainy season and they will become dry in non rainy
seasons. Hence in order to assess the surface water quality of the study area one sample from
Ghaggar River was collected.
Surface water quality of Ghaggar River is given in Table 3.22. The surface water test report is
given in Annexure 6.
Table 3-22 Analysis Results of Surface Water Samples
S.No SW1- Ghaggar River Units Results Permissible limit as per
drinking water standard (IS 10500 : 2012)
1 pH value 8.27 6-5 to 8.5
2 Conductivity, µmhos/cm
µmhos/cm 517 -
3 Total Suspended Solids mg/l 84 -
4 Chemical Oxygen Demand
mg/l 17 -
5 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (3 days)
mg/l 5 -
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S.No SW1- Ghaggar River Units Results Permissible limit as per
Observations: As per the analysis results as shown in the Table 3.22, it can observed that pH
of surface water around the project site is in the range of 8.27. The Total Hardness of the
surface water is found to 230 mg/l. The microbiological content as total coliform was found
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to be 21. Heavy metal concentrations were found to be below detectable limit. From the
Table 3.22 it can be observed that all values are well within the Permissible limit as per
drinking water standard (IS 10500: 2012).
3.12.3 Ground Water resources
The Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) has carried out hydro geological surveys and
groundwater exploration studies in SAS Nagar district. The normal annual rainfall of the
district is 1060 mm which is unevenly distributed over the area in 50 days. The south west
monsoon contributes about 80% of annual rainfall. Irrigation in the district is mainly by means
of tube wells. The area irrigated under tubewells constitutes about 67% of the gross irrigated
area7. The S.A.S Nagar district is occupied by Quaternary Alluvial deposits belonging to the
vast Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains, which forms the main aquifer system. Groundwater occurs
under phreatic conditions in the shallow aquifers while leaky confined to confine conditions
occur along the deeper aquifers of Quaternary alluvial deposits. In major part of the district,
the water level ranges between 5 and 10 m while the water level in the north western and
eastern part is between 10 to 20 meters, in the extreme western part of the district water
levels are around 30 meters. In the southern part of the district water level ranges from 2 to
5 meters. Seasonal fluctuation shows that, in general, there is an overall decline in the water
level except few isolated patches. The principal aquifer system of the district is Alluvium and
Depth to water level maps of pre monsoon (May 2011), post monsoon (Nov 2011) and
seasonal fluctuation ( May 2011 to Nov 2011) are presented in Figure 3.30, and Figure 3.31
respectively.
Figure 3-30 Depth to Water Level Map
7 “SAS Nagar District, Punja”, Central Ground Water Board North Western Region, Chandigarh, 2013
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Depth to Water Level Map (Pre Monsoon) Depth to Water Level Map (Post Monsoon)
Figure 3-31 Seasonal Fluctuation Map
Derabassi Derabassi
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As per the study conducted by CGWB, depth to water level ranged from 2.14 to 32.24 m bgl
during pre-monsoon and 2.61 to 33.37 m bgl during post monsoon period. Seasonal
fluctuations (pre & post 2011) in the district ranged from -1.03 to 3.67 meters. The long-term
trend of water level (2002 to 2011) also showed that there was decline in water level on major
part of the area ranging from 0.16 to 0.35 m/yr except a few isolated patches where there
was rise at the rate 0.02 to 0.06 m/yr which was insignificant.
The stage of groundwater development in Dera Bassi ,& Kharar blocks was found to be 133 %
& 100% respectively falling under Over Exploited category, whereas stage of ground water
development of Sialba Majri Block was found to be 46 % falling in safe category. The block
wise ground water resource of SAS Nagar district is presented in Table 3.23.
Table 3-23 Block-wise Groundwater Resource of S.A.S Nagar district as on 31.03.2009
Block Name
Net Annual Ground Water
Availability (ham)
Existing Gross
Ground Water
Draft for irrigation
(ham)
Existing Gross
Ground Water Draft for all uses
(ham)
Provision for Domestic & Industrial
Requirement upto year
2015 (ham)
Net Ground Water
Availability for future irrigation
development (ham)
Stage Ground Water
Development (%)
Category
Dera Bassi
11907 13867 15612 2225 -4185 133 OverExploited
Kharar 9346 6901 9256 2821 -476 100 OverExploited
Sialba Majri
6361 2670 2936 409 3282 46 Safe
Total 27514 23438 28005 5455 -1379 102
3.12.3.1 Ground Water Table and Yield in the Study Area
Ground water level data for a monitoring well collected from CGWB located in Dera Bassi
observation well indicates that the deepest water level is 14.2 m bgl during May 2012 and
shallowest water level is 10.1 m bgl during November 2012. The season wise ground water
level data collected for Dera Bassi monitoring well is given in below.
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Table 3-24 Derabassi Ground Water Level
The occurrence of ground water in the study area (10 km radius) has been studied in detail
by collecting the water level from 13 well (CGWB Observation wells). The depth of the wells
ranges from 16 m to 70 m. The yield of the wells varies between 50 to 120 liters / minutes.
Based on the data collected from the CGWB, Ground water level contours have been
constructed for pre and post monsoon periods.
Pre monsoon Ground water level- The ground water level zone of pre monsoon clearly
depicts that the water level varies between 2 to 38 m. The ground water level zone map of
pre monsoon shows that the water level ranging between 10-18 m occupies majority of the
area. The project site is located in 10-18 m zone. The ground water level zone map of pre
monsoon is presented in Figure 3.32.
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Figure 3-32 Ground Water Level Zone Map of Study Area (Pre Monsoon)
Post monsoon Ground water level- The ground water level zone of post monsoon clearly
depicts that the water level varies between 2 to 32 m. The ground water level zone map of
post monsoon shows that the water level ranging between 2-10 m occupies majority of the
area. The project site is located in 10-18 m zone. However, the 2-10 m ground water level
zone increased in the post monsoon period due the rainfall recharge. It clearly indicates the
natural recharge and the recharge from the other sources such as water bodies and canals
increased the ground water level in the study area. The ground water level zone map of Post
monsoon is given in Figure 3.33.
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Figure 3-33 Ground Water Level Zone Map of Study Area (Post Monsoon)
3.12.3.2 Movement of Groundwater in the Study area
The movement of ground water is controlled by the hydraulic conductivity of the aquifer and
hydraulic gradient. In the study area, the hydraulic conductivity is mainly based on the
primary and secondary porosity. The homogeneity of the weathered zone and the
sedimentary plays a vital role in the movement of the ground water. In the study area the
formations are both homogeneous and heterogeneous in nature. Based on the water level
data (Pre and Post monsoon) the ground water table has been depicted for the Pre and Post
monsoon periods. The ground water table contour depicts that the flow is in the east both
the seasons. The hydraulic gradient in the project site is moderate to high and has been
observed as 5.1 m/Km in pre monsoon and 4.3 m/Km in post monsoon. Ground water
trough is noticed in the project site and in the western side of the study area at Derabassi
which indicates the convergent flow of ground water. The above is due to over pumping for
various purposes. High hydraulic gradient is noticed in the northern part of the study area.
The ground water table depicted for the study area is presented in Figure 3.34 & Figure 3.35.
Figure 3-34 Ground Water Table Pre Monsoon
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Figure 3-35 Ground Water Table Post Monsoon
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3.12.3.3 Evaluation of Aquifer Parameters
Pumping test is the most accurate reliable and commonly used method to evaluate the
hydraulic parameters of an aquifer, efficiency of a well / bore well, safer operational rates of
pumping and selection of suitable pump. The methods of a pumping test are highly varying in
its application. The main objective of pumping test is to determine the aquifer parameters
such as Transmissivity (T), Storage co-efficient (S) Hydraulic Conductivity (K), well
performance and safe yield for execution of water supply.
The pumping test conducted in the same hydrogeological environment has been collected
from the government department. The results are as follows in the Table 3.25.
Table 3-25 Result of Pumping Test
Bore Well in m 60
Static Water level in m 6.5
Pump capacity 5 HP
Discharge in lpm 120 lpm
Time in min. 320 minutes Stability not attained
Drawdown in m 2 m
Specific Capacity lpm per m draw down 60
Transmissivity of the fractured aquifer m2/day 80
Rate of recovery In 260 minutes static water level was attained
The pumping test results revels that the drawdown is 2 m at the pumping rate of 120 lpm. As
the aquifer is potential aquifer, the drawdown is moderate. It is also observed that the
average (T) Value is 80 m2/day which indicates the aquifer is a moderately productive aquifer.
3.12.3.4 Ground Water Quality
Selected water quality parameters of ground water resources within the study area have been
considered for assessing the water environment. To assess the water quality of the study area,
eight (8) ground water sampling locations were selected. These samples were collected as
grab samples and were analyzed for various parameters. The water sampling locations are
listed below in Table 3.26 and Topo Map of the Study Area showing the locations of the
sampling locations are presented in the Figure 3.36 and the photographs of groundwater
sampling is presented in the Figure 3.37. Table 3.27 gives the results of ground water analysis
for the samples collected from various locations in the Study Area.
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Figure 3-36 Locations of Ground Water Sampling in the Study Area
Figure 3-37 Photographs of Ground Water Sampling
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GW1(TBRL Colony) GW2 (Pandwala)
GW3(Kami) GW3 (Alipur)
GW7 (Mahiwala) GW8 (Derabassi)
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Table 3-27 Analysis Results for Ground Water Monitoring
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Phosphate as P (mg/l) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1) ND(0.1)
Residual Sodium Carbonate as Na2CO3 (mg/l)
6.5 7.9 2.2 6.9 5.4 7.5 6.1 5.4
ND: Not Detected; figures shown in bracket indicates minimum detection limit
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Observations- The analysis results of ground water samples indicate that the average pH
ranged in between 7.36 to 7.96 which is within the permissible range of 6.5 to 8.5 as per the
drinking water standards stipulated by CPCB. TDS ranged from 224 mg/l to 453 mg/l. The TDS
concentration was found to be within the permissible limit of 2000 mg/L. Total hardness was
found to be in the range of 148 mg/l to 308 mg/l which is below the permissible limit of 300
mg/L. Calcium and Magnesium were found to be in the range of 44 mg/L to 82 mg/L, 3.8 mg/L
to 25 mg/L respectively. Iron content in the ground water samples was found to be non-
detectable. Sulphate value ranged from 10.4 mg/L at Pandwala to 41.5 mg/L at Kot which is
within the permissible range of 400 mg/L. Heavy metals such as zinc, cadmium, lead, mercury,
arsenic and chromium were found to be absent. All the values have been compared with
drinking water standards as stipulated by CPCB and were found that the analysis results are
well within the permissible range indicating that the absence of pollution in ground water in
the study area. The Laboratory test results are attached as Annexure 6.
3.13 Ecological Environment
Ecological environment of any area constitute all living beings of that area, it is an integral
part of the environment. Hence, any change in the surrounding environment could cause loss
of species or decrease in biodiversity of the area. Therefore, the present study is proposed to
get the baseline status of the area and assess the impact of the proposed projects on
biological environment of the project site and surrounding area within 10 km radius.
Accordingly, mitigation measures are evolved to sustain the biological diversity. In general
biological environment is represented by flora and fauna. Flora constitutes the herbs, shrubs
and trees and fauna constitutes the mammals, birds, reptiles, arthropods, amphibians, fishes
etc.
The baseline study was conducted to record the presence of flora & fauna in the study area,
in order to get the biological diversity of the area for the evaluation of the terrestrial
environment of the study area (10 km radius from the plant site).
Survey Areas:
Core zone: Proposed project site for SCL plant;
Buffer zone: 10 km radius around the project site.
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3.13.1 Methodology for the Study
The primary objective of the ecological survey was to describe the floral and faunal
communities within the study area. The sampling plots for floral diversity was selected
randomly (Jain and Rao, 1983 and Kumar et al., 2013).
The methodology adopted for faunal survey involve opportunistic observations, diurnal bird
observation, active search for reptiles, faunal habitat assessment, active search for scats and
foot prints, animal call, and review of previous studies. Emphasis has been placed on presence
of endemic species, threatened species if any present in the study area.
Desktop literature review was conducted to indentify the threatened species, population and
ecological communities listed by IUCN, ZSI, BSI and Indian Wildlife Protection Act, 1972. The
status of individual species was assessed using the revised IUCN category system. The mode
of data collection and parameters considered during the survey are presented in the Table
3.28.
Table 3-28 Mode of data collection and parameters considered during the Survey
S. No Data Mode of Data
collection Parameters monitored
Remarks
1. Primary data collection
By field survey Floral and Faunal diversity
Random survey, opportunistic observations, diurnal bird observation, active search for reptiles, faunal habitat assessment, active search for scats and foot prints, animal call.
2. Secondary data collection
From authentic sources like Forests department and available published literatures from ZSI, BSI etc.
Floral and Faunal diversity and study of vegetation, forest type, importance etc.
Bentham and Hooker, 1862-1883; Hunter, 1879; Dixit, 1984; Ghosh et al., 2004; Lushington, 1915; Wilson and Reeder, 1993; Kumar and Srivastava, 2012; Kumar, 2013; Kumar et al., 2013; Kumar and Aggarwal, 2013a,b). The status of individual species was assessed using the revised IUCN/SSC category system (WCMC, 1988; IUCN, 1994; WCMC, 2000; IUCN, 2001, 2003, 2008, 2010.
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3.13.2 Biogeography and Physiography of the Study Area
The proposed project is situated at village Nimbuan, Hadbast no. 1, Derabassi, District
Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab-140507. As per the bio-geographical classification of
Champion & Seth, 1968 the vegetation type of the area can be grouped as semi arid zones.
However, as per Rodgers and Panwar, 1988 the project area comes under Bio-geographic
province (4A) Semi Arid Punjab Plains. Soil of the area varies from loam to silt clay soil. It is
weakly solonized tropical arid brown soils. The climate of the area is basically subtropical
monsoon. Period from March to June is generally hot and dry. The weather is pleasant during
the period from November to January. The normal annual rainfall of the district is 1060 mm
which is unevenly distributed over the area in about 50 days.
3.13.3 Khol Hi-Raitan Wildlife Sanctuary and Study Area
The Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary is present within the 10 km radius of the proposed
project. It is present at 7.16 km north from the northern boundary of the proposed project.
The Sanctuary (4883 hectare) is situated in the State of Haryana and located in Shiwalik hill
system. Khol Hi Raitan forests have steep sloping hills and the soil of this Sanctuary is also
sandy loam and has red color because of more iron content. The Sanctuary is known for its
fauna like Leopard and other animals such as Cheetal or Spotted Deer, Sambar, Wild Boar,
Rhesus Monkey, Langoor, Hyena, Jungle Cat, Common Mongoose, Indian Fox, Jackal,
Porcupine, etc.
Considering its ecological importance Ministry of Environment, Forests and climate change
has notified the eco-sensitive zone (ESZ) of the WLS vide S.O. No. 3308 (E) dt. 24th October
2016. The eco-sensitive zone extends from zero to 925 meters from the boundary of the
sanctuary. Towards the proposed project side the ESZ boundary and wildlife sanctuary
boundary are same. The study area showing the location of WLS is shown in the below Figure
3.38.
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Figure 3-38 10 km study area map showing location of Wild Life Sanctuary
3.13.4 Floral and Faunal Components of the Study Area
The objective the floral inventory of the study area is to provide necessary information on
floristic structure in the study area for formulating effective management and conservation
measures. The climatic, edaphic and biotic variations with their complex interrelationship and
composition of species, which are adapted to these variations, have resulted in different
vegetation cover, characteristic of each region (Ohasi, 1975). The tree species, herbs, shrubs
and major crops were documented during this base line study (Jain, 1968; 1991).
3.13.4.1 Floral diversity of the area
The study area is almost plain with gradually increasing altitude towards northern side due to
presence of Shiwalik hills in the North. The 10 km radius is ranging in altitude from North to
South and accordingly the flora of the region is also showing changing pattern. The climate is
dry and the area falls between Punjab plains and Gangetic plains. The details of the flora and
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fauna present in core zone and buffer zone has been given in the below section:
3.13.4.2 Flora of the Core zone
The land selected for the proposed project is a barren land. It has no vegetation, except few
weeds and grasses. The area is lacking moisture, so the whole area is extremely dry with
alkaline soil. Moisture receives only in the form of rainfall in this area after monsoon. Only
grass species like Saccharum munja and Cynodon dactylon is present in the core area. No
ecologically sensitive plant can be observed in this area. Photographs of the core area showing
its vegetation is presented in the Figure 3.39.
Figure 3-39 Vegetation of the proposed site (Core area)
Core area with Saccharum munja species Core area showing only Cynodon dactylon
sp.
3.13.4.3 Flora of the Buffer zone
Buffer zone of the proposed project consists of diverse land uses. It is mainly agricultural land
with many settlements of Zirakpur, Panchkula, Dera Bassi, Barwala, etc. Waste lands, forest
lands and scrub vegetation are also present within 10 km radius from the project site. The
Khol Hi Raitan WLS is part of the buffer zone in northern part. The flora of buffer zone
comprises of Neem (Azadirachta indica), Babul (Acacia nilotica), Peepal (Ficus religiosa), Siris
fistula), Bakain (Melia azedarach), etc. The plantation of Poplar (Populus trichocarpa) and
Eucalyptus sp. is very common in the area along the roads and agricultural fields. The
detailed vegetation of the buffer area is described below as per the land use classification.
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3.13.5 Agricultural land
The agro-ecological zone is one of the major land uses in the study area. Crops like Wheat,
Maize, Rice, Mustard, etc. are some of the major crops grown in the area. People used to
grow the tall and non-spreading trees like Eucalyptus, Poplar with Neem trees along their
agriculture fields for commercial purposes. The ecological components of agriculture field
are shown in Figure 3.40
3.13.6 Waste land
Most of the areas nearby project site and other places are waste lands. Due to lack of
moisture in the soil and surrounding areas, the open land/ wasteland is devoid of rich floral
wealth. However, some common weeds and shrub species like Calotropis sp., Cenchrus
ciliaris, Croton bonplandianum, Opuntia stricta, Ricinus communis Ipomoea aquatica, etc. are
growing in the waste land of this area. Some trees like Acacia auriculiformis, Acacia nilotica,
Azardiraccta indica, Prosopis julifera, etc. can also be seen in such areas. A view of waste land
is shown in Figure 3.40.
Figure 3-40 Vegetation of the buffer area (Agriculture land and waste land)
Agricultural field with Poplar trees in
buffer zone Waste lands with Ipomoea sp. in buffer
zone 3.13.7 Vegetation in and around human settlement
Vegetation pattern in villages and surrounding areas are slightly different from the rest of
the areas. The common species grown near villages are mostly edible or useful plants such
as Mangifera indica, Tamarindus indica, Azadirachta indica, Annona squamosa, etc. and
quick growing commercial plants like Populus deltoids and Eucalyptus sps etc. are also grown.
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3.13.8 Floral diversity of study area
During the survey of the study area, 68 floral components were recorded. Out of these, 36
floral species (53%) belongs to trees, 13 species (19%) belong to shrubs and 19 species (28%)
belongs to herbs category. Among the tree species Ailanthus excelsa, Albizzia lebback,
aspera are commonly seen. The floral components which were recorded during survey are
enumerated in Table 3.25 with their family, vernacular names and habitat. Same has been
presented in graphical format as shown in Figure 3.41.
Figure 3-41 Graphical presentation of the flora recorded
Table 3-29 List of flora recorded from the study area with their family, vernacular names & habit
S. No. Scientific Name Family Vernacular name Habit 1. Acacia auriculiformis Mimosaceae Jangal Jalebi Tree
2. Acacia nilotica Mimosaceae Kikar Tree
3. Acalypha indica Euphorbiaceae - Herb
4. Achyranthus aspera Amaranthaceae Chirchita Herb
5. Aegle marmelos Rutaceae Bel Tree
6. Ailanthus excelsa Simaroubaceae Mararukh Tree
7. Albizzia lebback Mimosaceae Kala siris Tree
19
13
36
Habit wise lifeforms reported from Study area
Herb
Shrub
Tree
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S. No. Scientific Name Family Vernacular name Habit 8. Albizzia procera Mimosaceae Safed siris Tree
20. Catharanthus roseus Apocynaceae Sadabahar Herb
21. Cenchrus ciliaris Poaceae Ghas Herb
22. Croton bonplandianus Euphorbiaceae - Herb
23. Cynodon dactylon Poaceae Dub Herb
24. Dalbergia sisso Fabaceae Shisham Tree
25. Datura metel Solanaceae Dhatura Herb
26. Delonix regia Caesalpinaceae Gulmohar Tree
27. Desmodium gangeticum Fabaceae - Herb
28. Eucalyptus globulus Myrtaceae Liptus Tree
29. Ficus bengalensis Moraceae Bargad Tree
30. Ficus religiosa Moraceae Papal Tree
31. Fimbristylis cymosa Cyperaceae - Herb
32. Hibiscus rosa sinensis Malvaceae Gudhal Shrub
33. Holoptelia integrifolia Uaceae Chilbil Tree
34. Ipomoea aquatica Colvolvulaceae - Shrub
35. Jatropha curcus Euphorbiaceae Jatropha Shrub
36. Lawsonia inermis Lytharaceae Mehndi Shrub
37. Leucaena leucocephala Fabaceae Subabool Tree
38. Leucas aspera Lamiaceae - Herb
39. Mangifera indica Anacardiaceae Aam Tree
40. Melia azardirachta Meliaceae Drek Tree
41. Moringa olifera Moringaceae Sahjan Tree
42. Morus alba Moraceae Mulberry Tree
43. Murraya koenigii Rutaceae Kari patta Tree
44. Nerium oleander Apocyanaceae - Shrub
45. Ocimum sanctum Lamiaceae Tulsi Herb
46. Opuntia stricta Cactaceae Cactus Shrub
47. Parthenium hysterophorus Asteraceae Gajar ghas Herb
48. Phoenix sylvestre Arecaceae Khajur Tree
49. Phyla nodiflora Verbenacee - Herb
50. Polyalthia longifolia Annonaceae Ashok Tree
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S. No. Scientific Name Family Vernacular name Habit 51. Pongamia pinnata Fabaceae Sukhchain Tree
52. Populus trichocarpa Salicaceae Poplar Tree
53. Prosopis julifera Mimosaceae Khejri Tree
54. Ricinus communis Euphorbiaceae Arandi Shrub
55. Saccharum munja Poaceae Munj Herb
56. Sida cordifolia Malvacece - Herb
57. Solanum nigrum Solanaceae Bhatkatya Shrub
58. Solanum torvum Solanaceae Bhurat Herb
59. Syzygium cumini Myrtaceae Jamun Tree
60. Tamarindus indica Fabaceae Imli Tree
61. Tectona grandis Lamiaceae Sagaun Tree
62. Terminalia arjuna Combretaceae Arjun Tree
63. Terminalia bellerica Combretaceae Baharde Tree
64. Thespesia macrophylla Malvaceae - Tree
65. Thevetia neriifolia Apocyanaceae Kaner Shrub
66. Urena lobota Malvaceae - Herb
67. Vernonia cinerea Asteraceae - Herb
68. Ziziphus mauritiana Rhamnaceae Ber Tree
3.13.9 Agriculture in the study area
The most important crops, cultivated in the study area are wheat, rice, maize, pulses and
mustard. Paddy constitutes the main Kharif crop whereas wheat is the main Rabi crop. Among
(Lassan), Lettuce (Salad), and French bean (Valaiti sem) are mainly cultivated.
3.13.10 Rare and Endangered Flora in the Study Area
The IUCN Red List is the world's most comprehensive inventory of the global conservation
status of plant and animal species. It uses a set of criteria to evaluate the extinction risk of
thousands of species and subspecies. These criteria are relevant to all species and all regions
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of the world. With its strong scientific base, the IUCN Red List is recognized as the most
authoritative guide to the status of biological diversity. Out of 17000 species of higher plants
known to occur in India, nearly 614 higher plant species were evaluated by IUCN. Among them
247 species are under threatened category (IUCN, 2008).
Among the enumerated flora in the study area, none of them were assigned any threat
category by Red data book of Indian Plants (Jain and Sastry, 1984; Nayar and Sastry, 1987;
1988; 1990; Kholia and Bhakuni, 2009) and Red list of threatened Vascular plants (IUCN,
2010).
3.13.11 Endemic Plants of the Study Area
De Candolle (1855), Swiss botanist, first used the concept of Endemic, which is defined as an
area of a taxonomic unit, especially a species which has a restricted distribution or habitat,
isolated from its surrounding region through geographical, ecological or temporal barriers.
Out of 17,000 species of known flowering plants of India nearly 5,000 species are said to be
endemic. Nearly 58 genera and 1932 taxa are found to be endemic to peninsular India (Nayar,
1980; Ahmedullah and Nayar, 1986; 1987; Jain 1992; Nayar, 1996; Vijaya Shankar et al., 2005;
Nautiyal et al., 2009a,b; Shendage et al., 2010).
Among recorded plant species none can be assigned the status of endemic plant of this
region.
3.13.12 Faunal diversity of Study Area
For the documentation of the faunal biodiversity of the study area with respect to mammals,
birds, reptiles and amphibians species, a baseline survey had been conducted to record the
mammals, avifauna, reptiles and amphibians (herpetofauna). The details of each has been
given in Figure 3.42 and represented in the graph.
Figure 3-42 Faunal groups of the study area with their WL schedule
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3.13.12.1 Mammals
Status of mammalian fauna in the study area shows moderate level of species richness with
overall 10 species. The core zone shows comparatively less no. of species richness than the
buffer area. There were four species within the core area, however all 10 species are reported
from buffer area during the survey. The list of mammalian species has been given in the Table
3.30.
Table 3-30 Mammals in Study Area
S.No.
English Name/ Local Name
Scientific name
Schedule IW(P)A, 1972
Presence in Core Zone
Presence in Buffer Zone
1 Rhesus macaque/ Bandar*
Macaca mulatta II - Village area
2 Jungal Cat/ Jangli Billi*
Felis chaus II - Forest area
3 Mongoos/ Newla*
Herpestes edwardsi
IV - -do-
4 Jackal/ Siyar * Canis aureus II - -do-
5 Indian fox/ Lomri Vulpes
bengalensis II - -do-
6 Five Stripped Squirrel/ Gilahari*
Funambulus pennantii - - Village area
7 Bat/ Chamgadar *
Rousettus leschenaulti
IV - -do-
8 Common House rat/ Chuha *
Rattus rattus V - -do-
9 Indian Hare/ Khargosh*
Lepus nigricolis
IV - Agricultural
land (*) Direct evidence during primary survey
1 0 04
1
18
56
0
5
10
15
20
Birds Mammals Herpetofauna
Figure: Faunal Groups with WL Schedules
Schedule I Schedule II Schedule III-IV
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3.13.12.2 Domestic Animals
The domestic animals observed in the study area are given in the Table 3.31. These animals
are generally used for various domestic purposes.
Table 3-31 Domestic animals of Study area
S.No. Scientific Name Common Name Purpose
1 Bulbalus bulbalis Buffalo For Milk
2 Bos primigenius Cow For Milk
3 Canis lupus familiaris Dog For Security
4 Capra aegagrus hircus Goat For Milk & flesh
5 Gallus gallus domesticus Hen For Egg & flesh
Source: Ecological Survey
3.13.12.3 Birds
The sighting of bird species was very less during the study period. Since birds are flying from
one place to another nineteen species of birds could be located in the study area during the
survey. From core area only birds like pigeon (Columba livia) and common crow (Contropus
sinensis) can be located while crossing over the area. Common myna, Cattle egret, Indian roller,
house crow, Parakeet etc. are the frequently spotted in the buffer zone. All species except
Pavo cristatus are under schedule IV of the IWL(P) Act, 1972, however, the Indian Peafowl
(Pavo cristatus) is listed under schedule-I. Table 3.32 shows the lists of birds reported in the
study area.
Table 3-32 Systematic Lists of Birds reported in the Study area
S.No. Scientific Name Common Name Schedule as per IWPA, 1972
1. Acridotheres tristis tristis Common Myna Schedule-IV
2. Alcedo atthis Common kingfisher Schedule-IV
3. Bubo bubo Uloo Schedule-IV
4. Bubulcus ibis Cattle Egret Schedule-IV
5. Clamatorja cobinus Papiha chatak Schedule-IV
6. Columba livia Pigeon/ Kabutar Schedule-IV
7. Contropus sinensis Crow pheasant Schedule-IV
8. Coracias benghalensis Indian roller Blue jay Schedule-IV
9. Coturnix coturnix
Common or grey quail/ Titar
Schedule-IV
10. Cuculus varius Cuckoo/ Papiha Schedule-IV
11. Dicrurus adsimilis King crow; Black Drongo Schedule-IV
12. Dicrurus caerulescens White bellied Drongo Schedule-IV
13. Dicrurus paradiseus Large Racket tailed Drongo Schedule-IV
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S.No. Scientific Name Common Name Schedule as per IWPA, 1972
14. Eudynamys scolopacea Koel Schedule-IV
15. Haliastur indus Brahmny kite Schedule-IV
16. Passer domesticus indicus Indian house sparrow Schedule-IV
17. Pavo cristatus Peacock Schedule-I
18. Psittacula krameri Parakeet/ Tota Schedule-IV
19. Pycnonotus cafer Red vented Bulbul Schedule-IV Source: Primary survey
3.13.12.4 Herpetofauna
Among the herpetofauna, amphibians were represented by Frogs only. These are noticed
restricted to open waste land and marshy areas. No tailed amphibians were cited during the
survey. Reptilian fauna was found comparatively richer. Five species of reptiles were recorded
from study area during the survey. These are reported from garden, agricultural land, forest
area and barren waste places. The details of species reported from core area and buffer area
along with their wildlife schedule has been represented in the Table 3.33.
Table 3-33 Herpetofauna within the study area
S.No. Common
Name Scientific name
Schedule IWL(P)A, 1972
Presence in Core Zone
Presence in Buffer Zone
Amphibians
1. Frog Rana tigrina Eichwald
IV - Near water
body
Reptiles
2. Common Skink*
Mabuya macularia Smith
IV - Waste places
3. Common Garden Lizard*
Calotes versicolor Daudin - - Waste places
4. House Gecko*
Hemidactylus flaviviridis Ruppell
- - Settlement
5. Common Krait
Bangarus caeruleus Schinder
IV - Forest areas
6. Indian rat snake
Ptyas mucosa L. II - Waste places
7. Banded Krait Bungarus fasciatus Schinder
IV - Forest area
(*) Direct evidence during survey
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3.13.13 Rare, Endangered or Threatened Faunal species in study Area:
None of the sighted animal species in study area can be categorized under the rare,
endangered or threatened category. Only scheduled animals as per Indian Wildlife
(Protection) Act, 1972 has been recorded, as given in above sections.
Figure 3.43 presents the photographs of Ecological survey.
Figure 3-43 Reconnaissance and Primary Ecological Survey
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Macaca mullata (Rhesus Macaque) Pavo Cristatus (Schedule-I) in study area
Alcedo atthis bengalensis
(Indian Small Blue Kingfisher) Bubulcus ibis cormomandus (Cattle Egret)
This section illustrates the existing socioeconomic status of the said study area. Socio
economic study includes demographic structure of the area, provision of basic amenities viz.,
housing, education, health & medical services, occupation, water supply, sanitation,
communication, transportation, prevailing diseases pattern as well as feature of aesthetic
significance such as temples, historical monuments etc. at the baseline level. This would help
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in visualizing and predicting the possible impact depending upon the nature and magnitude
of the project.
The primary objective of this Socioeconomic Assessment is to assess the socio-economic
conditions and the local context of the people living in and around the project area.
Detailed study was made with various indicators to analyze the existing socioeconomic status
of the study area. The EIA will give a reasonably clear picture of the socio-economic conditions
prevailing in the study area. Understanding the local socioeconomic conditions and the
magnitude of the impacts, helps to develop the need based Corporate Social Responsibility
(CSR) development plan.
3.14.1 Objectives of Socio Economic Study
The objectives of this socio-economic study are:-
• To conduct socio-economic assessment study in the Project Area ;
• To know the current socio-economic situation in the region to cover the subsectors
of education, health, sanitation, water and food security ;
• To recommend practical strategic interventions in the sector ;
• To help in providing better living standards ;
• To provide employment opportunities ; and
• To develop Mitigation plan / CSR plan to mitigate the likely impacts of the projects
and for the benefit of the local community.
3.14.2 Scope of the Study
The scope of socio economic study area as follows:-
• To study the Socio-economic Environment of area from the secondary sources ;
• To develop a questionnaire for SIA Survey ;
• Data Collection & Analysis ;
• Prediction of project impact ; and
• Mitigation Measures.
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3.14.3 Methodology Adopted
For socioeconomic study, both qualitative and quantitative methods were adopted. Data
regarding the field area were collected secondary sources (published data, website of
directorate of census for Punjab, Haryana, Panchkula and Mohali).
Primary sources include data collected through direct field sampling, observations based on
schedules, questionnaires etc. distributed to the local persons, senior citizen, government
officials of district and official of villages, panchayats etc.
A suitable format of Questionnaires was developed & survey was conducted.
To know the perception of local people on socio-economic impact of chemical in the area, a
field survey was conducted during winter season February 2018. The target groups were
selected from villages of core and buffer area of Kalka, Derabassi and Kharar Tehsil.
Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and Participatory Rural Appraisal (PRA) techniques are the two
important tools of participatory methods used in the field. Household level contacts and
interviews have been undertaken with each family for completing the household socio-
economic profile. For individual farmers and community members, qualitative interviews
were used since this approach allows a more in-depth investigation into the each interviewee.
It also allows people to speak for themselves without their answers being biased by
predetermined hypothesis-based questions.
3.14.4 Background of the Study Area
The study area is defined as 10 km radius of the periphery of the boundary. About 35 villages
and 2 towns are falling in this study area. The socio-economic parameters i.e. population
growth, density, literacy etc. plays an important role in determining the impact of the
proposed activity directly or indirectly on the human population of the study area. These
impacts may be beneficial or detrimental. This study area falls in Punjab and Haryana state.
Derabassi and Kharaa Tehsil of Mohali District in Punjab State and Kalka Tehsil of Panchkula
District in Haryana State. Table 3.34 shows the administrative structure of the study area.
The details of State Haryana and Punjab and district Panchkula and Mohali are presented in
the Table 3.35.
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Table 3-34 Administrative Status of Study Area Villages/Towns
S.No State District Taluk No of Villages Town Total
1 Haryana Panchkula Kalka 23 2 31
2 Punjab Mohali Derabassi/ Kharar 12 - 6
Total 35 2 37 Source: Census 2011
Table 3-35 Details of State Haryana and Punjab and district Panchkula and Mohali
S.No Description State District
Haryana Punjab Panchkula Mohali
1 Total Population 25,351,462 27,743,338 561,293 994,628
2 Male 13,494,734 14,639,465 299,679 529,253
3 Female 11,856,728 13,103,873 261,614 465,375
4 Population Growth 19.90% 13.89% 19.83% 33.15%
5 Sex Ratio 879 895 873 879
6 Child Sex Ratio 834 846 863 841
7 Density/km2 573 551 625 909
8 Total Child Population (0-6 Age)
3,380,721 3,076,219 66,302 115,644
9 Male Population (0-6 Age)
1,843,109 1,665,994 35,583 62,808
10 Female Population (0-6 Age)
1,537,612 1,410,225 30,719 52,836
11 Literacy 75.55% 75.84% 81.88% 83.80%
12 Male Literacy 84.06% 80.44% 87.04% 87.89%
13 Female Literacy 65.94% 70.73% 75.99% 79.18%
14 Total Literate 16,598,988 18,707,137 405,318 736,575
15 Male Literate 9,794,067 10,436,056 229,862 409,944
Figure 3-44 Google Image showing the Study Area of Socio Economic Assessment
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Source: Google Earth, Image Dated 16/11/2015
3.14.5 Demography of the Study Area
Total population of the study area is 170550 persons out of which 91437 (53.61%) are male
and 79113 (46.39%) are female. Table 3.36 represents the demography of the study area. It
shows that out of total population 7% population lives in core area and rest of 93% population
live in buffer zone.
Table 3-36 Demography of the Study Area
S. No. Range
Total Villages
Total HH
Total Population Total Population ST Total Population SC Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female
1
5 km radius of the lease area
11 2173 11562 6113 5449 - - - 3169 1706 1463
2
10 km radius of the lease area
26 33201 158988 85324 73664 - - - 16278 8636 7642
Total 37 35374 170550 91437 79113 - - - 19447 10342 9105 Source: Census 2011
Figure 3-45 Demography of Study Area
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3.14.6 Workforce of the Study Area
Project area has number of industries across various verticals for manufacturing
pharmaceutical companies and automobiles. These companies include Altus Organins Ltd,
Ete Electrogears Pvtltd, Nabha Industries Ltd, Nachiketa Paper Ltd, Shivalik coaters etc, and
are mainly small scale entities but provide considerable profit to boost revenue to the state.
Hence requires large population of men and women for excavation, loading, transportation
and storage work. From employment point of view, labors are low paid worker. They prefer
to be engaged in nearby area so as to save the travel cost and time. Therefore availability of
worker in core area of industry is important. Table 3.37 presents statistics of work force
available in core as well as buffer zone. The total population in the region is 170550 persons
out of which 41% is working and 59% is non-working population.
Table 3-37 Working and Non-Working Population of Study Area
S.No. Range Total
Villages Total
Population Working Population Non-Working
Total Male Female Total Male Female
1 5 km radius of the lease area
11 11562 4032 3313 719 7530 2800 4730
2 10 km radius of the lease area
26 158988 58101 46843 11258 82023 31395 50628
Total 37 170550 62133 50156 11977 89553 34195 55358 Source: Census 2011
Figure 3-46 Working – Non Working Population of the Study Area
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Among the workers, there are two categories i.e. main workers and marginal workers. Main
workers are those who work for the major part of the year i.e. Rs 300 to 500 days or more
and marginal workers are ones who work for less than 6 months in a year. On the bases of
field survey, other category is of non-workers, those who are either under the age of 15 years
or more than 64 years. This class is not fit for any work. Among the working population 36.43
% population is main worker,which means they get work more than Rs 300 to 500 day in a
year. So from working population point of view the region is comparatively well off.
Discussion with workforce class
3.14.7 Occupational Structure
Occupational structure of an area shows the nature and status of employment activities in
the area. Out of the total population 36.43 % population is working which is further grouped
in eight fold classification. Out of total working population 7% are cultivators, 2% are
marginal cultivators and 5% are engaged as agriculture labor which is as shown in the Figure
3.47. Villages covered under core area have also been dominated by agricultural activities.
Table 3-38 Occupational Structure in Study Area
Working Populati
on36.43%
Non-Working52.50%
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
The above table shows that out of total population only 75 % are literates and 25 % are
illiterates. Considering male-female ratio, there is a wide gender disparity. Out of total 75 %
literate population, there are 42% male literates while female literates are 33% only in the
region. Among illiterates there are 12% male and 13% females to total 25 % of illiterates. This
analysis shows that literacy in the region is low. Hence, the potential availability of unskilled
labor is more in this region.
Interacting with primary school teacher at
Haripur village Interacting with primary school teacher at
Nimbuan village
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Co-curricular activities at primary school
Nimbuan Dining area for students at Nimbuan primary
school
Primary school at Kheri village Primary School Ninphua village
3.14.9 Infrastructure facilities in the Study Area
The area is well connected to road network State Highway 01, National highway 22 & 73,
communication facilities, and 1 PHSC and 1 Block PHC at Derabassi which is approx 8 km from
the project site, there are 19 private school with the 10 km radius , 3 post offices and others.
The chemical industry operations can well utilize these facilities in the region for running the
operations and development of business activities.
3.14.10 Drinking Water Facilities
During the field survey and referring to the secondary data it was found that the quality of
groundwater in the study area is not suitable for direct drinking purposes. The most of the
population is dependent of the overhead tank water supply which is being primarily treated
before the supply to the stakeholders. Table 3.40 gives the comparison for water used from
various sources for the drinking purposes.
Table 3-40 Drinking Water Facilities in the Study Area
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S. No. Range Total Villages
Well Water
Tank Water
Tube Well Water
Hand Pump
1 5 km radius of the lease area
11 No Yes No No
2 10 km radius of the lease area
26 No Yes No No
Total 37 No Yes No No Source: Census 2011
Water head tank are used for drinking water in surrounding area
3.14.11 Socio Economic Survey
For the purpose of this study, socioeconomic indicators such as demography, literacy, health,
livelihood, amenities and cultural aspects were collected. Secondary Published data such as
population and amenities obtained from Directorate of Census Operations, Health indicators
such as immunization levels, institutional births from District Level Household survey-4,
Households under Poverty line and Households availing safe sanitation details are collected
from Baseline Survey-2012, published by Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation.
3.14.11.1 Primary Survey
Primary Survey was conducted from 15th and 16th Feb 2018. During this survey, primary data
in relation to geographical features, settlements, roads and amenities in the respective
villages were observed. In addition to the site observations, informal focused group discussion
was conducted in the villages falling within 2.5 km of the project site. The discussion was
mainly focused on mapping the existing amenities in the respective villages, felt basic needs,
Problems if any due to the existing project operation. The discussion was carried out with the
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village representatives, farmers, etc, who have good knowledge about the village and
happenings.
Figure 3-49 Photographs of Socio Economic Survey
Interaction with workers at village Alipur Interaction with worker at village Bir
Babupur
Interaction with villager at Jaswantgarh Interaction with villager at Kheri
Interaction with sarpanch at Nimbuan Interaction with women at village Raipur
Alias Sunderpur
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Interaction with school In charge at
Numbuan Interaction with villagers at Jaswantgarh
Table 3-41 Overall Demographic Profile of the Study Area
S.No Particulars Core Area State
1 Core area Mohali Punjab
2 Total Households 35374 5513071
3 Total Population 170550 27743338
4 Sex Ratio 865 895
5 Children Population (<6 Years Old) 21476 3076219
6 Children Sex Ratio 843 846
7 Urban Rural Ratio 3:7 5:3
8 SC Population 19447 8860179
9 ST Population 0 0
10 Total Working Population 62133 9897362
11 Main Workers 56325 8450936
12 Marginal Workers 5808 1446426
13 Agricultural Workers 1176 420434
14 Household Industries 258 85300
15 Other Workers 3631 810041
16 BPL Population 7.3% 8.4%
17 Institutional Birth Rate 91% 90.5%
18 Childhood Immunisation 70.2% 86.62%
19 Drinking Water Facilities 87% 84.6%
20 Sanitation Facilities 68% 70.6%
21 Literates 127355 18707137
Source: Census 2011
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4 ASSESSMENT OF IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES
4.1 Introduction
Saurav Chemicals Limited (SCL), Punjab is one the major API & Intermediates bulk drugs
manufacturing company. SCL is proposing a green field API & Intermediate manufacturing
industry to manufacture 40 API & intermediate products. With regards to that, the proposed
project includes installation of boilers, incinerator, DG sets etc which act as the point sources
for emissions during the post project scenario in addition to process emissions. Also for the
manufacturing of various API and intermediate products, water will be utilized which
contribute to wastewater generation. Further to this, during the operation process various
solid/hazardous wastes will be generated. Hence, an attempt has been made to assess the
residual environmental impacts, if any, associated with the controlled discharges of emissions
and other wastes from the facility during construction and operational phase. Based on the
process and materials to be used and environmental risk mitigation measures considered in
the design of the proposed facility, various environmental aspects of the proposed facility
were identified for a detailed study on the possible residual environmental impacts.
This section of the EIA report includes identification of point sources for possible pollution
contribution from the proposed project, quantifying the impact from various identified sources
and mitigation measures that are proposed to be adopted by SCL.
4.2 Construction Phase Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
Most of the construction phase activities would exhibit reversible and short term impacts which
can be readily controlled and mitigated through robust and scientifically designed construction
work-method statements as per the best engineering and management practices.
The impacts during the construction phase are due to various activities related to leveling of site,
construction and erection of plant components.
Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016- The facility will comply with
the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 as notified by the Ministry
of Environment, Forests and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) which states that every waste
generator shall segregate construction and demolition waste and deposit at collection centre
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or handover it to the authorized processing facilities and shall ensure that there is no littering
or deposition so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains.
4.2.1 Impact and Mitigation Measures on land Use
The total area acquired for the proposed project is 22.15 acres. The project site is situated at
The Change of Land Use (CLU) from housing and Urban Development Department is issued to
SCL vide Reference No PBIP/LORC1/1710192098 by Punjab Bureau of Investment Promotion,
Govt of Punjab. The proposed project land is barren without settlements and no rehabilitation
or resettlement is required. Based on the preliminary survey conducted it was observed the
land is plain and barren and the site photographs are presented in the Chapter 1 of EIA report.
Therefore impacts due to leveling of land may be reduced. Also no clearing of vegetation will
be carried out. The construction debris shall be deposited to Construction and Demolition
Centers as per the regulations.
4.2.2 Impact and Mitigation Measures on Soil Quality
The land acquired for the proposed Greenfield project is a plain land and wherever required
partial filling and levelling to the plant formation level will be carried out. However, the
construction activities will result in slight loss of topsoil to some extent in the plant area.
Therefore soil stabilization must be initiated after carrying out excavation work. The topsoil
requires proper handling like separate stacking so that it can be used for greenbelt
development. Apart from localized construction impacts at the plant site, no significant
adverse impact on soil in the surrounding area is anticipated.
4.2.3 Impact and Mitigation Measures on Air Quality
The sources of emissions during the construction period are mainly from the movement of
vehicles at the construction site and dust emitted during erection of plant related activities.
The dust emitted during the above mentioned activities depend upon the ambient humidity
levels. Temporary increase in air pollution will result from the use of construction equipments,
and fugitive dust. The construction materials required for the project will be procured from
local markets. There will be no appreciable impact on local environment for obtaining these
construction materials due to implementation of construction management plan suggested
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in chapter-9. Due to the short duration of the planned action, any impacts on ambient air
quality during construction activities are expected to be short term.
4.2.4 Impact and Mitigation Measures on Noise Levels
Construction & demolition activities often generate noise / vibration which lead to complaints
from the public despite the limited time frame over which it takes place. The major sources
of noise during the construction phase are from vehicular traffic, machinery deployed in
construction/demolition activities, operation of DG sets etc. The operation of these
equipments will generate noise ranging between 85-100 dB (A) near source. These noises will
be generated mostly within the existing plant boundary and will be transient in nature.
Construction / demolition activities shall be restricted as per Noise (Regulation & Control)
Rules 2000: Daytime: 6 am to 10 pm. The noise levels shall be maintained within 75 dB (A)
along the boundary of the plant as per the permissible range prescribed for CPCB for industrial
area. Overall, the impact of noise due to construction on the environment is likely to be
insignificant, reversible and localized in nature.
4.2.5 Impact and Mitigation Measures on Water Quality
Approximately 200 temporary contract workers and 50 permanent workers are expected to
be involved in construction phase. But most of the construction workers will be made
available from the nearby areas. The workers camp inside the plant premises will be provided
with proper sanitation arrangement. The peak requirement of water during construction
phase will be made available from tankers as there are no other sources available in the
region. Since most of the construction work force will consist of floating population, the
demand for water and sanitation facilities will be low and shall be managed by setting up
necessary facilities at site for proper sanitation.
4.2.6 Impact and Mitigation Measures on Terrestrial Ecology
The construction activities will be carried out within the proposed plant premises. This phase
does not involve major changes in the terrain as the proposed project is already barren and
plain. Therefore no impacts on terrestrial ecology are envisaged due to the felling of trees.
Impacts on flora during construction period are envisaged only in close vicinity of proposed
development due to vehicular movements. However, necessary management plan shall be
adopted by SCL for controlling dust emissions as far possible.
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4.2.7 Demography and Socio-Economics
The acquired land is a barren land with no settlements and hence does not attract any
Rehabilitation and Resettlement activity under “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency
in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”. SCL will pay appropriate
compensation for acquiring the land as per the Land Acquisition Act.
The noise emissions from the construction activities will be limited to the site area.
Construction / demolition activities shall be restricted to Day time. Necessary management
plan will be adopted during construction phase to limit the dust emissions. The facility will
comply with the Construction and Demolition Waste Management Rules, 2016 by segregating
construction and demolition waste and depositing at collection centre. Littering or deposition
will be avoided so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains.
Approximately 200 temporary contract workers and 50 permanent workers are expected to
be employed during construction phase. A detailed construction phase environmental
management is presented in Chapter 9 of this report.
4.3 Impacts and Mitigation Measures during Operational Phase
The following activities related to the operational phase will have varying impacts on the
environment and are considered for impact assessment:
a. Point and fugitive emission and associated environmental impacts
b. Noise emissions and compliance status
c. Wastewater discharge quantities, characteristics and disposal practices
d. Solid and hazardous waste collection, storage and disposal practices
e. Impacts on ecological and biological environment
f. Socioeconomic impacts
4.3.1 Air Quality –Point Source Emissions
The point sources emissions due to the proposed project are envisaged from the fuel fired
boiler (biomass as a main fuel and furnace oil as standby), DG sets (stand-by operation for
power backup, High Speed Diesel as fuel), Incinerator(High Speed Diesel as fuel). Six (6) Stacks
have been proposed for the project for the various sources of point emissions. No fossil fuel
fired dryers will be installed and hence no further stacks for dryers are proposed. The
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following Table 4.1 indicates the sources of point emissions and the details of the proposed
stack.
Table 4-1 Sources of Points Emissions from the Proposed Project
Unit Stacks in Nos Emission
Common stack for boilers
1 SO2, NOx, PM
Common stacks for DG sets
1 SO2, NOx, PM, CO
Incinerator Scrubber stack
1 Dioxins/Furans, SO2, HCl, CO, TOC, NOx, HC etc
Process Scrubbers 3 Ammonia, Chlorine, HBr
4.3.2 Boiler Emissions and its control
In order to meet the steam requirement of about 120 TPD for the proposed project it is
proposed to install 2X5 TPH boilers out of which 1 boiler will be stand by. SCL is proposing to
utilize mustard based bio briquettes as fuel with ash content of about 13.2 % and calorific
value of about 3736 KCal. Sulphur content of bio briquette is < 0.1% as against > 0.3 % for
imported coal. Therefore SO2 emissions will be 3 folds lesser than emissions from coal fired
boilers. Fuel oil will be used as standby fuel. As per the draft notification published by
MoEF&CC dated 29th January 2018, SO2 and NOx emissions from boilers shall be in the order
of 600 mg/nm3 and 300 mg/Nm3 respectively.
Although the air pollutant emissions from biomass fired boilers will be insignificant, air quality
modeling has been undertaken to quantify the emissions from boiler. In order to model for
the worst case scenario, sulphur content of 0.1 % was considered. As per the CPCB standard
for boiler, the emission limit for PM concentration shall not exceed 800 mg/Nm3 for boilers of
capacity 2 TPH- 10 TPH. Multiclone dust collector is proposed for the control of PM
concentration from the boilers. Although dust control systems will be installed to bring down
the PM outlet concentration to much lower value than the permissible limit, in order to run
the air quality model for the worst case scenario, the maximum limit (800 mg/Nm3) was
considered. Considering the NOx controls such as NOx burners and the type of fuel used for
boiler, it is assumed that NOx outlet concentration will not exceed 100 mg/Nm3. Based on the
above assumptions SO2, NOx and PM emission rates for the worst case scenario was estimated
to be 0.7 g/s, 0.2 g/s and 1.1 g/s respectively.
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Adequate stacks of minimum height 30 m will be proposed for the efficient dispersion of
pollutants. At no circumstances the emissions will exceed the discharge standards prescribed
by CPCB for SO2, NOx and PM. The details and the inputs considered for air quality modeling
are presented in the Table 4.2.
Table 4-2 Estimation of Modeling Inputs for the proposed 2X5 TPH boilers (1 Stand by)
S.No. Parameter Units Boiler- 5 TPH
1 Capacity TPH 5
2 Type of fuel used - bio briquette for
boiler
3 Heat input Thousand
Kcal/Hr 650
4 Boiler effeciency % 0.75
5 Calorific value of the bio briquette Kcal/Kg 3700
7 Bio briquette consumption TPH 1.2
8 Bio briquette consumption T/day 28
12 Sulphur content in Bio briquette % 0.1
14 SO2 emission based on composition of bio briquette
Kg/hr 2
13 Stack gas temperature K 453
14 Combustion air volume Nm3/hr 6609
15 Flue gas at operating temperature Am3/hr 16102
16 Stack gas velocity from each boiler m/sec 8.0
17 Stack tip dia m 0.5
18 Minimum Stack height required m 18
19 Actual stack height m 30
20 Ash content % 13
21 Total ash generation TPD 4
22 Fly ash generation @80% of total ash
TPD 3
23 inlet dust load grams/Nm3 442
24 outlet concentration mg/Nm3 800
25 Estimated PM emission rate from stack based on limits
Kg/hr 4.0
26 PM emission rate g/sec 1.1
27 SO2 concentration mg/Nm3 354
28 SO2 emission rate g/sec 0.7
29 NOx outlet concentration mg/Nm3 100
30 NOx emission rate kg/hr 1
31 NOx emission rate g/sec 0.2
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4.3.3 Prediction of Ground Level Concentrations of Criteria Pollutants
Although the emission rate of the criteria pollutants will be well within the consented limits,
an attempt was made to predict the likely impacts (predicted ground level concentrations)
due to emissions of Sulphur dioxide, Oxides of Nitrogen and Particulate Matter from the
proposed biomass fueled boilers.
Prediction of impacts on air environment has been carried out by employing mathematical
model based on a steady state Gaussian Plume Dispersion Model designed for multiple point
sources for short term. In the present case, ISCST3 dispersion model, designed for multiple
point sources for short term and developed by United States Environmental Protection
Agency [USEPA] has been used for simulations from point sources. The model simulations
deal with dispersion of three major pollutants viz., Sulphur Dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen
(NOX) and Particulate Matter (PM) emitted from the proposed stack.
The site specific meteorological information indicated that, predominantly winds blow from
north-west direction and hence the impact zone in the down wind direction will be located in
the south-east direction. Predicted ground level concentrations in the form of Isopleths are
presented through Figures 4.1, 4.2 and 4.3. The input and output files of the modelling
exercise for the above mentioned parameters are attached as Annexure 7.
4.3.3.1 Prediction of Air Quality Impacts- Particulate Matter
Multiclone dust collector is proposed for the control of PM concentration from the boilers.
The 2nd highest predicted 24 hrs GLC of particulate matter will be in the order of 8.02 μg/m3
and such concentrations may occur at a distance of about 400 m from the stack. The
concentrations were found to get diluted rapidly within 1km from the plant boundary and
diminished to insignificant range. The isopleths illustrating the dispersion phenomenon of
particulate matter is shown in Figure 4.1. From the Figure it can be observed that GLC of PM
will be below 2 μg/m3 within the 3 km distance from the project site.
The envisaged resultant post project concentrations (Table 4.3) will be in the range of 88.62
µg/m3 to 98 µg/m3 during the post project scenario, which will be close to the NAAQ standard
of 100 µg/m3. The higher values of the PM concentration are due to the prevailing baseline
conditions at the region.
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Referring to the predicted GLC it can be observed that GLC levels of PM are concentrated
towards South Eastern side of the project site as the predominant wind blows from North
West to South East. The incremental values in the downwind villages such as Kami, Alipur, Kot
and Billa were found to be 1.14, 0.30, 0.37 and 0.59 µg/m3 respectively indicating that the
values are insignificant compared to that of the baseline concentration.
Table 4-3 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Particulate Matter
Code Station Direction
* Distance* (in km)
Particulate Matter (µg/m3)
GLCs Average Baseline
concentration
Post project concentration
AAQ1 TBRL Colony NW 3.75 0 98.00 98.00
AAQ2 Pandwala NW 3.10 0 93.42 93.42
AAQ3 Kami SE 3.46 1.14 92.13 93.27
AAQ4 Alipur SE 4.16 0.30 93.08 93.45
AAQ5 Kot NE 3.51 0.37 88.25 88.62
AAQ6 Billa NE 3.16 0.59 95.46 96.03
AAQ7 Mahiwala SW 6.09 0 93.29 93.29
AAQ8 Derabassi SW 6.46 0 94.21 94.21
National Ambient Air Quality standards- 100 µg/m3
Figure 4-1 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Particulate Matter within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Wind rose as per site specific meteorological
data
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30 years IMD Wind rose- Winter (study period)
4.3.3.2 Prediction of Air Quality Impacts- Sulphur Dioxide
The uncontrolled emission rate of 0.7 g/s has been considered for the present study for
predicting GLC of SO2 in order to model for the worst case scenario. The concentration of SO2
was estimated to be 354 mg/Nm3.
The isopleths of the predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of SO2 within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
is presented in the Figure 4.2. The 2nd highest predicted 24 hrs Ground Level Concentration
(GLC) of sulphur dioxide at a distance of about 400 m will be in the order of 5.10 µg/m3 and
such concentrations would occur for minimal period of time. The predicted concentrations
were found to get diluted rapidly and the GLC will reach less than 1 µg/m3 within a distance
of 3 Km from the stack towards Eastern direction.
The envisaged resultant post project concentrations (Table 4.4) will be in the range of 7.65
µg/m3 to 10.5 µg/m3 during the post project scenario, which will be below the prescribed
NAAQ standard of 80 µg/m3.
Referring to the predicted GLC it can be observed that GLC levels of SO2 are concentrated
towards South Eastern side of the project site as the predominant wind blows from North
West to South East. The incremental values in the downwind villages such as Kami and Alipur
Proposed Project Site
10 km
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was found to be 0.76 and 0.67 µg/m3 respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that impact
of boiler due to SO2 emissions is insignificant.
Figure 4-2 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
Windrose as per site specific meteorological data
30 years IMD Wind rose- Winter
Table 4-4 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Sulphur Dioxide
Proposed Project Site
10 km
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Code Station Direction
* Distance* (in km)
Sulphur Dioxide (SO2) (µg/m3)
GLCs Average Baseline
concentration
Post project concentration
AAQ1 TBRL Colony NW 3.75 0 9.87 9.87
AAQ2 Pandwala NW 3.10 0 9.41 9.41
AAQ3 Kami SE 3.46 0.76 7.91 8.67
AAQ4 Alipur SE 4.16 0.67 8.09 8.76
AAQ5 Kot NE 3.51 0.005 7.65 7.655
AAQ6 Billa NE 3.16 0 9 9
AAQ7 Mahiwala SW 6.09 0 9.55 9.55
AAQ8 Derabassi SW 6.46 0 10.5 10.5
National Ambient Air Quality standards- 80 µg/m3
4.3.3.3 Prediction of Air Quality Impacts- Oxides of Nitrogen
The NOx emission rate is estimated to be 0.2 g/s from the proposed boiler for predicting
ground level concentrations of NOx. The isopleths of the predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of NOx
within 10 km radius of the study Area is presented in the Figure 4.4. The 2nd highest predicted
24 hrs Ground Level Concentration (GLC) of NOx will in the order of 1.45 µg/m3 at a distance
of about 400 m from the source and such concentrations would occur for minimal period of
time.
The envisaged resultant post project concentrations (Table 4.5) will be in the range of 11.11
µg/m3 to 14.27 µg/m3 during the post project scenario, which will be below the prescribed
NAAQ standard of 80 µg/m3.
Referring to the predicted GLC it can be observed that GLC levels of NOx are concentrated
towards South Eastern side of the project site as the predominant wind blows from North
West to South East. The incremental values in the downwind villages such as Kami and Alipur
was found to be 0.20 and 0.12 µg/m3 respectively. Therefore it can be concluded that impact
of boiler due to NOx emissions is insignificant.
Figure 4-3 Predicted 24-Hrs Avg. GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen within 10 km Radius of the Study Area
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Windrose as per site specific meteorological
data
30 years IMD Wind rose- Winter
Table 4-5 Estimated Resultant GLC’s of Oxides of Nitrogen
Code Station Direction
* Distance* (in km)
Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx) (µg/m3)
GLCs Average Baseline
concentration
Post project concentration
AAQ1 TBRL Colony NW 3.75 0 13.96 13.96
AAQ2 Pandwala NW 3.10 0 13.14 13.14 AAQ3 Kami SE 3.46 0.20 11.45 11.65 AAQ4 Alipur SE 4.16 0.12 11.65 11.77 AAQ5 Kot NE 3.51 0.07 11.04 11.11 AAQ6 Billa NE 3.16 0.03 12.43 12.46 AAQ7 Mahiwala SW 6.09 0 13.14 13.14 AAQ8 Derabassi SW 6.46 0 14.27 14.27
National Ambient Air Quality standards- 80 µg/m3
4.3.3.4 Summary of Air Quality Modeling Results
Based on the findings of the detailed air quality modelling exercise, it has been inferred that
the resultant cumulative concentration for SO2 and NOx emissions at around 10 Kms radius
distance from proposed project will comply with the NAAQ Standards. It is required to adopt
efficient dust collection system to control particulate matter concentration within the CPCB
limit of 800 mg/Nm3. Therefore Multiclone dust collector is proposed for the control of PM
concentration from the boilers. The summary of the predicted GLC’s is predicted in Table 4.6.
10 km
Proposed Project Site
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Table 4-6 Summary of the Predicted GLCs in the Nearby Areas
Parameter Average Baseline
concentration (µg/m3) Peak Predicted GLCs (µg/m3)
Envisaged Peak Resultant concentration (µg/m3)
PM10 92 8.02 100.02
SO2 10.5 5.10 15.6
NOX 14.27 1.45 15.72
4.3.4 DG set emissions and its control
The total power demand for the proposed project is 3000 KW. Necessary application has been
submitted to Punjab Investment Board. Apart from this, 3 X 1000 KVA DG sets have been
proposed as power backup during the operation of the proposed project. Out of the three DG
sets one will be a standby. High Speed Diesel is the proposed fuel for DG sets. As per the
MoEF&CC notification dated 11th December 2013, the emission limits for new diesel engine
upto 800 KW is <4.0 g/KW-hr, <3.5 g/KW-hr and <0.2 g/KW-hr for NOx + HC, CO and PM
respectively. Based on the upper limits of these standard values, the NOx+HC, CO and PM
emission rates have been estimated to be 1.78 g/s, 1.56 g/s and 0.09 respectively. It is to be
noted that the DG sets will be operated as a power backup during emergencies. Hence the
emissions envisaged due to the proposed DG sets will be significantly low.
4.3.5 Incinerator Emissions and Control
A modular two stage incinerator of capacity 150 kg/hr is proposed to incinerate various
wastes generated during the operation phase such as process Residue & wastes, Spent
Catalyst/ Spent Carbon, Date expired, discarded & off-specification drugs/medicines, Filters
& filter material with organic liquids in them, e.g. mineral oil, synthetic oil and organic chlorine
compounds and Distillation residue from contaminated organic solvents.
The emissions from the incinerator include emissions like dioxins/Furans, SO2, HCl, CO, TOC,
NOx, HC etc. The emissions from the incinerator greatly vary based on the composition of the
input wastes. As per the CPCB guidelines for Hazardous Waste Incinerators, Pollution control
systems shall be installed to meet the prescribed emission standards for incinerator. As per
the MoEF&CC notification dated 4th March 2009 the emission standards for new incinerator
for pharmaceutical industry (bulk drugs) shall not exceed 50 mg/Nm3 for PM, 50 mg/Nm3 for
HCl, 200 mg/Nm3 for SO2, 100 mg/Nm3 for CO, 20 mg/Nm3 for TOC and 0.1 ngTEQ/Nm3 for
total dioxins and furans respectively.
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The combinations of treatment units will be installed for gas cleaning and removal of air
pollutants, to comply with the standards. The flow diagram of the proposed incinerator is
presented in the Figure 2.45, Chapter 2 of EIA report. A dedicated stack is proposed of height
30 m that complies with CPCB standards. Sampling platform will be provided as per CPCB
norms to collect stack samples from the chimney for monitoring the air pollutants, as and
when required.
4.3.6 Process Emissions
The proposed project involves manufacturing of 40 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient
products which utilizes various organic chemicals as raw materials and solvents during the
manufacturing process. Solvents are mostly recovered and reused.
In a typical batch process, solid reactants and solvent are charged to a reactor where they are
held (and usually heated) until the desired product is formed. The solvent is distilled off, and
the crude residue may be treated several times with additional solvents to purify it. The
purified material is separated from the remaining solvent by centrifuge and finally is dried to
remove the last traces of solvent. Solvent recovery is practiced for each step in the process
where it is convenient and cost effective to do so. Since solvents are expensive and must be
recovered and reused for economic reasons, solvent emissions are controlled as part of the
normal operating procedures in a pharmaceutical industry. Emissions consist almost entirely
of organic solvents that escape from dryers, reactors, distillation systems, storage tanks, and
other operations. As USEPA AP42 chapter 6.13 pharmaceuticals production, it is not practical
to attempt to evaluate emissions from individual steps in the production process because of
the great variety of batch operations that may be carried out at a single production plant.
Depending on the boiling point of the solvents used, maximum recovery will be aimed in the
solvent recovery units for reuse and recycling within the plant. In order to avoid any further
release of solvent vapours from the reactors, dryers, centrifuge etc, if any, then tail gas VOC
condensers will be installed with chilled water and brine water systems depending on the
condensation properties of the respective VOC compounds.
The details of the various solvents to be utilized for the proposed project are tabulated in the
Table 4.7 and solvent balance is as shown in Table 4.8
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Table 4-7 List of Solvents Proposed and its Toxicity Characteristics8
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VVOC (<50 deg C) Very Volatile Organic Compounds VOC (100 to 260 deg C) Volatile Organic Compounds SVOC (260 to 400 deg C) Semi Volatile Organic Compounds
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Table 4-8 Solvent Balance for the Proposed Project
S. No Solvent Name Input Quantity
(T/T of product)
Recovery (T/T of
product)
Fate of solvent recovery
Losses (T/T of
product)
1 Alpha Lipoic Acid
A Toluene 9 11.7
Mixture will sold to authorized
vendors 9.3
B Cyclohexane 12
2 Amiodarone Hydrochloride
A Toluene 4.08 3.47 Will sold to authorized
vendors
0.61
B Isopropyl Alcohol 9.29 7.58 1.71
3 Atropine Sulphate
A Acetone 8.41 6.72
Will be reused in process
1.69
B Methylene Dichloride (MDC)
6.37 4.469 1.901
C Acetonitrile 1.91 1.33 0.58
D Isopropyl Alcohol 5.647 4.471 1.176
4 Chlorzoxazone
A Methanol 28.8 22.933 Reuse 5.867
5 Clopi Bsylate
A Methylene Dichloride 8.893 5.979 2.914
Isopropyl Alcohol 6.404 7.55
Will sold to authorized
vendors
2.281
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether
3.427
6 Clopi Form-2
A MDC 11.4 8 Re use 3.4
B Acetone 22.5 18 Re use 4.5
7 Clopi Form-1
A Methanol 4.29 - Loss 4.29
B N Butyl Acetate 18.17 17 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
1.17
8 D-Cycloserene
A Methanol 44.298 14.7 (rest to
ETP) Sold to
authorized vendors
3.998
B Acetone 18.08 16.4 2.4
C Ethanol 4.096 - Centrifuge ML to
ETP 1.456
9 Dexketoprofen trometamol
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S. No Solvent Name Input Quantity
(T/T of product)
Recovery (T/T of
product)
Fate of solvent recovery
Losses (T/T of
product)
A Ethyl Acetate 24.324 21.01 3.314
B Methanol 4.030 2.82 Will be sold 1.21
10 Diethylcarbamazine Citrate
A IPA 2.8 2.24 Will be sold 0.56
B Acetone 3.99 2.78 Will be reused 1.21
11 Febuxostat
A MDC 23.53 13.4 Will be sold
(balance to ETP) 5.8
B THF 4.65 - Aqueous ML to
ETP
C Acetone 19.53 17.3 Will be sold 2.23
12 Homatropine Hydrobromide
A Acetone 19.5 15.60 3.9
B Methanol 3.56 2.67 0.89
13 Homatropine MethylBromide
A Methanol 5.37 2.66 Will be sold 2.71
B MDC 23.62 15.35 Will be reused 8.27
C Acetone 39.29 33.45 Will be sold 5.84
D Heptane 6 4.50 Will be sold 1.5
14 Ketorolac Tromethamine
A MDC 21.52 16.8 Reused
B Ethylene Dichloride 21.73 17.7 4.93
C Methanol 47.32 22.76 Methanol ML to
ETP 24.56
D Acetone 8.78 7.2 Reused 1.58
15 Levofloxacin hemihydrate
A DMSO 1.8 1.56
B Chloroform 9.9 7.40 2.5
C Ethyl Acetate 3 2.58 0.42
D Methanol 4.6 3.69 0.91
16 Loxoprofen Sodium
A Methanol 3 - Remaining will go
to ETP
5.4 B Toluene 13.9 10.4 Re use
C Ethyl Acetate 1.1 2 Will be sold
D Cyclohexane 2.3
17 Pregabalin
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S. No Solvent Name Input Quantity
(T/T of product)
Recovery (T/T of
product)
Fate of solvent recovery
Losses (T/T of
product)
A IPA 7 - ML of IPA to ETP
(5.7 T) 1.3
18 Rabeprazole Sodium
A Acetonitrile 7.41 5.9
Will be sold to authorized
vendors
1.51
B MDC 19.26 13 6.26
C Methanol 6.94 4.9 2.04
D Acetone 8.24 6.3 1.94
E Isopropyl Acetate 9.44 8.3 1.14
19 Rebamipide
A Ethanol 7.4 7.4 ML will be sold -
B Methanol 15.2 - To ETP -
20 Atorvastatin
A IPA 28.2 22.5 Will be reused
and sold 5.7
B Hexane 13 7.7 Will be reused 5.3
C Cyclohexane 11.4 11.4 Will be sold
-
MTBE 20.4 17.2 3.2
21 Celecoxib
A IPA 3.6 - To ETP -
22 Clarithromycin
A Methanol 3.2 2.8 Will be resused
4.46 B IPA 3.8 -
Centifuge ML (IPA+DI water) to
ETP
C MDC 13.5 10.7 Will be sold 2.8
D DMSO 30.3 25.4 Will be sold 4.9
E Toluene 31.2 27.3 Will be sold 3.9
23 Flurbiprofen
A Dimethyl Formamide 17.450 - To ETP -
B Ethyl acetate 32.215 - To ETP -
C Benzene 42.176 36.4
Will be reused
5.776
D Cyclohexane 208.872 177.5 31.372
E Ethylene Dichloride 26.924 24.2 2.724
24 Rosuvastatin
A IPA 20.36 16.2 4.16
B Acetonitrile 29.76 20.8 8.96
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S. No Solvent Name Input Quantity
(T/T of product)
Recovery (T/T of
product)
Fate of solvent recovery
Losses (T/T of
product)
C Methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE)
5.24 4.2 Will be sold to
authorized vendors
1.04
25 Strontium Ranelate
A MDC 4.35 3.23 Will be reused 1.12
B Ethyl acetate 0.74 1.74
Cetrifuge ML mixture to ETP
0.51 C Cyclohexane 1.51
D Ethanol 8.74 12.756 1.034
E Acetone 5.05
F Tetra hydro furan (THF) 1.41 - Centrifuge ML to
ETP
26 Ketoprofen from CEBA
A Methanol 4.8 3.6
Will be reused
1.2
B Toluene 1.7 1.5 0.3
C Ethyl acetate 5.9 4.7 1.2
D Cyclohexane 0.2 - 0.2
27 Ketprofen from Keto Nitrile
A Methanol 0.40 - 0.4
B Toluene 1.72 1.5 Will be reused 0.3
C Cyclohexane 0.20 - 0.2
D Ethyl Acetate 5.85 4.7 Will be reused 1.2
28 Sertraline Hydrochloride
A Toluene - Centrifuge ML to ETP
B Ethyl acetate -
29 Tris Buffer
A Methanol 10 8 Will be sold 2
30 Vidagliptin
A MDC 69.1 50.6 18.5
B Cyclohexane 4.2 - ML mixture to
ETP -
31 Acetoxy EthylBromide
A Methanol 0.043 0.037 Will be sold 0.006
32 BromoButyric Acid
A Hexane 0.365 0.261
Will be sold
0.104
B O-Xylene 1.278 0.78 0.111
C Ethyl Acetate 3.648 3.209 0.439
D MDC 4.889 3.598 1.291
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S. No Solvent Name Input Quantity
(T/T of product)
Recovery (T/T of
product)
Fate of solvent recovery
Losses (T/T of
product)
33 Chloro Butyric Acid (CLA)
A Ethyl Acetate 4.593 3 Reuse and
remaining ML for sale
0.593
B EDC 3.620 3.285
Will besold
0.335
C MDC 1.998 1 0.998
D Hexane 0.660 0.440 0.220
E O-Xylene 1.538 0.725 Will be reused 0.113
34 Mono-P-Nitrobenzyl malonate magnesium salt
A Toluene 3.763 3.198 reuse 0.564
B Acetone 0.998 0.593 Will be sold 0.319
C Methanol 0.222 0.1 Will be sold 0.094
35 Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol(PNBA)
A Toluene 3.729 2.989 Re use 0.745
36 HBr 48%
A Toluene 0.045 - - 0.045
37 Para nitro benzyl bromide (PNBBr)
A Methanol 3.547 3.035 Reuse (remaining ML will be sold)
0.405
38 Para Nitrobenzyldehyde(PNBD)
A Toluene 7.778 6.225
Reuse and the remaining residue
will be incinerated
1.356
39 4-Bromomethyl quinolone-2(1H)-one(BMQ)
A EDC 11.184 7.270 Reuse 3.914
B Methanol 13.364 8.685 Will be sold 4.676
40 4-Bromomethyl -2cynobiphnyl(BMC)
A MDC 6.310 5.048 reuse 1.262
B Ethyl Acetate 3.690 2.399 Will be sold 1.292
C Methanol 8.167 5.308 Will be sold 2.858
From the above table it can be observed that solvents are used for each of the 40 products
manufacturing process. Also it can be noted the recovered solvents from the solvent recovery
unit will be either reused in the plant or will be sold to authorized vendors. In order to avoid the
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release of solvent vapours as losses, all the 50 reactors will be fitted with tail gas condensers for
VOC controls.
Apart from solvent emissions, Cl2, NH3, and HBr emissions will be generated during the process.
Alkali scrubbing system will be installed to capture any residual Cl2 emissions from the facility.
Water based scrubbing system will be installed for the control of ammonia vapors generated
during the process and the Ammonical water from the scrubber blow-down will be treated in the
biological treatment facility. Three (3) Nos of scrubbers are proposed in the main plant for
Chlorine, Ammonia and HBr scrubbing.
4.4 Impacts due to Increase in Traffic Volume
The proposed plant site is well connected to NH 73-North East direction which is at 2.6 km aerial
distance from the proposed project site. Finished products from proposed project will be sold in
domestic as well as International market. All the movement of Finished Goods from factory to
Indian customers will be by road. For export consignments road transport will be used for
outward movement up to the nearest port.
Therefore in order to assess the impacts due to traffic, the no of trucks based on the inventory
was estimated. The Table 4.9 indicates the maximum estimated number of trucks for each of the
materials transportation in and out of the facility for a worst case scenario.
Table 4-9 Estimated peak predicted traffic due to the proposed project
S.No. Description Number of Truck trips estimated
based on inventory (trucks/month)
1 Chemicals and other raw materials
22
2 Solvents 253
3 Bio briquettes 290
4 Total ash 11
5 WWTP Sludge 7
6 Finished product 9
Total trucks per month 592
Total trucks per day 20
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Therefore from the above table it can be observed that the envisaged traffic from the proposed
project is about 20 trucks/day which is equivalent to 2.58 PCU/hr. Compared to the design limit
of 1200 PCU/hr as per IRC (Indian Road Congress) for a two lane two way sub arterial road, the
estimated 2.58 PCU/hr is very low and hence impact due to increase in traffic is insignificant due
to the proposed project.
4.5 Impacts on Noise Environment
The major noise emitting sources at the proposed project site are from boiler house and DG sets.
Enclosures will be provided to noise sources in order to attenuate noise emissions from the
source. Hence the noise levels of 75 dB (A) can be expected from the source after reduction and
the same noise power levels are used to predict the propagation of noise levels due to the
proposed boiler house and DG set enclosures.
According to the environmental regulations, industrial facilities should adopt sound noise
abatement and control program to meet the following criteria. Sound pressure levels at the
property boundary should be less than 75 dB (A) during daytime hours and 70 dB (A) during night
time hours. Noise levels near the work-zone areas should comply with a maximum permissible
level of 85 dB (A). As a part of this EIA study, a noise propagation modeling was undertaken to
establish the abated noise levels at the facility boundary. Noise propagation from proposed
sources have been modelled based on the international outdoor noise propagation standards.
• ISO 9613-1:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors- Part 1:
Calculation of the absorption of sound by the atmosphere
• ISO 9613-2:1996 Acoustics- attenuation of sound during propagation outdoors- Part 2:
• General method of calculation
Noise propagation software model, Noise Sim Version 2.1 has been used for estimating the sound
pressure levels due to cumulative dispersion of noise emissions from the designated sources.
Predicted sound pressure levels in and around the proposed plant site due to operation of the
facility are presented in Figure 4.4. It can be inferred from the modeled data that the increment
in sound pressure levels at the facility boundary will be below 60 dB (A), which is well within the
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stipulated threshold noise level of 75 dB (A) for industrial areas. Noise levels outside the facility
boundary will be further attenuated due to the proposed green belt all along the plant boundary.
Based on this noise modelling analysis, it has been concluded that the additional noise emissions
from the proposed project is insignificant and well within the standards prescribed by the CPCB.
Figure 4-4 Predicted Noise Levels
4.6 Water Quality Impacts
Total water requirement for the proposed project is 328 m3/day. Out of the total water
requirement the fresh water requirement is about 150m3/day for the proposed project which
will be sourced from Ground Water and the remaining water (178 m3/day) will be recycled and
reused within the plant with a well-designed ZLD system.
SCL has applied for the permission to draw Ground Water from the concerned CGWA and state
ground water departments. The application letter submitted by SCL for obtaining NOC from
CGWA is attached as Annexure-5. Also, it is proposed to source water from the Common Effluent
Treatment Plant having a capacity of 2MLD which is under construction only for the purpose of
utilities. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system is proposed and about 95% of the wastewater will
be reused in the plant by installing ZLD facilities.
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According to the FDA (Food and Drug Association) rules it is not permitted to use recycle water
in the production of API & intermediates. Hence the minimization of fresh water consumption to
the further levels may not be feasible.
4.6.1 Wastewater Generation
Total wastewater generated will be 193 m3/day. The wastewater generated will be separated
into two streams of HTDS and LTDS for the efficient treatment of wastewater. HTDS effluent from
process of about 79 m3/day and 36 m3/day of ETP RO rejects will be treated in a dedicated MEE
and the MEE distillate of 110 m3/day will be diverted to ETP. LTDS effluent of about 114 m3/day
along with MEE distillate of 110 m3/day will be treated in conventional ETP. The total LTDS
wastewater required to be treated in biological effluent treatment plant is about 224 m3/day.
Therefore a biological effluent treatment plant of capacity 300 m3/day and an MEE of capacity
150 m3/day are proposed for the treatment of wastewater generated during the post project
scenario. No treated wastewater will be discharged onto natural water bodies as ZLD system will
be adopted. The water balance diagram for the proposed project is presented in the Figure 4.5
and the same is explained in the Table 4.10
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Figure 4-5 Water Balance Diagram for the Proposed Project
UGST Pre-treatment
Domestic
Boiler
Process
RO
Process
Blocks
RO Reject Blow down
Softener
Backwash
Ground water
CT
Blow down
QA/QC
Block
R&D
Block
Ware
House
ETP
MEE
RO
Reject
RO Permeate
Incinerator
TSDF
Gardening 150
30
27
6
32
85
Softener 79
6
79
60
84
Process
/MEE
Return Condensate from process
30
3
From MEE & Process
Foul Condensate
48
3
Evap
54
MEE Distillate 6
Domestic
Effluent
112
11
101 4
4
3
3
1
1
36
110
5 Evap
224
219
5 5 Evap Foul Condensate
Recycle water
178
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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Table 4-10 Water and Wastewater Balance for the Proposed ZLD
Description Fresh water
make-up
Treated wastewater reused
Evaporation/ Losses
Wastewater to ETP
Comments
m3/day m3/day m3/day m3/day
Process/RO 85 0 0 85
6 m3/day of RO condensate and remaining 79 m3/day will go to ETP (MEE),
Softener/boiler 0 60 3 57
36 m3/day of the steam condensate will be in loop for boiler, Wastewater includes 6 m3/day of softener backwash, 3 m3/day of boiler blow down and 48 m3/day of foul condensate
Cooling Tower 0 112 101 11 -
QA/QC Block 4 0 0 4 -
Gardening 30 0 30 0 -
R&D Block 3 0 0 3 -
Ware House 1 0 0 1 -
Domestic 27 6 1 32 -
Total 150 178 135 193
Out of total 193 m3/day of effluent 79 m3/day of HTDS effluent from process will be treated in MEE and 114 m3/day of LTDS will be treated in conventional ETP
Wastewater
Description Wastewat
er Inlet Losses
Wastewater Outlet
Wastewater rejects
Comments
ETP 224 5 219 0 219 m3/day of treated wastewater will be inlet to RO
ETP RO 219 5 178 36
178 m3/day of treated RO water will be reused within the plant. 36 m3/day of RO rejects will be inlet to MEE
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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MEE 115 5 110 0 110 m3/day of treated wastewater from MEE will be inlet to ETP.
4.6.2 Impact on Ground Water
In order to meet the fresh water requirement (150 m3/day) for the proposed project, it is
proposed to extract ground water as there is no other source of water available in the
Derabassi Distt, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar. SCL has applied to Concerned Authorities for
obtaining NOC for the extraction of GW. As per the CGWB guidelines, storm water recharge
programs will be undertaken in the neighboring areas to harness 200 % of fresh water use
(1,00,000 m3/year of rain water).
SCL has proposed to adopt ZLD system to completely recycle the wastewater and about 95 %
of the total water utilized will be recycled. Necessary measures for water conservation and
Ground Water recharge will be undertaken in order to enhance the GW table in the area and
detailed management plant is presented in the Chapter 9 of EIA report.
4.7 Solid and Hazardous Waste Generation
The hazardous waste generated from the project and the disposal methods proposed are
detailed in the Table 4.11
Table 4-11 Hazardous Waste Generation and Disposal
Category Type of Hazardous Waste Expected quantity Disposal Methods
5.1 Used/spent oil 7.0 KL/year Will be sold to PPCB Authorized Recycler.
28.1 Process Residue and wastes 684 MT/year
To incinerator/ Co-processing in cement plant. Expression of Interest obtained with Cement Industry (GEPIL) is attached as Annexure 8
28.2& 28.3
Spent catalyst/Spent carbon 5 MT /year Spent carbon to incinerator and spent catalyst to recycling vendors
28.4 & 28.5
Off Specification products/date expired products
500 Kg/year To incinerator
28.6 Spent solvents 240 KL/Year Recycling vendors/co-processing in cement plant
33.1 Discarded containers / barrels /liners used for hazardous wastes/ chemicals
6000 No. /Year Will be sold to authorized recycling vendors
35.3 Chemical Sludge from wastewater treatment
2190 MT/Year Will be disposed to Government approved land fill site M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited (REEL),
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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Category Type of Hazardous Waste Expected quantity Disposal Methods
Nimbua for further treatment & disposal.
36.2 Spent carbon or filter medium 8500 Kg/Year To incinerator
37.2 Ash from incinerator 150 MT/year
Will be disposed to Government approved land fill site M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited (REEL), Nimbua for further treatment & disposal. SCL is an approved member of REEL
The ash collected from incinerator will be collected in printed hazardous waste bags & stored
in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste store room. Also the sludge under category No.
35.3 collected from waste water treatment in ETP (Low TDS/Low COD) & salt collected
through Multi Effect Evaporator plant will be stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous
waste room. The incinerated ash (category No. 37.2) & ETP Sludge/MEE Salt (category No.
35.3) will be transported to Government approved land fill site M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers
Limited (REEL), Nimbua for further treatment & disposal. SCL is an approved member of REEL
and copy of membership is attached as Annexure 8. Hazardous Waste Authorization shall be
obtained from Punjab State Pollution Control Board for the handling and disposal of
hazardous waste. Also apart from the above solid waste generated, about 5 TPD of fly ash will
be generated from boilers and the same shall be disposed to local brick manufacturing
facilities. SCL is exploring the possibilities of co-processing the process residues in the cement
kiln as per the provisions of Hazardous Waste Management (HWM) Rules 2016. Expression of
Interest from nearest cement plant (GEPIL) is obtained by SCL and the same is attached as
Annexure 8.
4.7.1 By products Generation
By products generated during the manufacturing process includes the following;
1. NaBr (4 TPD) during the manufacturing process of Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol (PNBA)
2. NaBr (0.6 TPD) during the manufacturing process of Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide
3. NaBr (1.5 TPD) during the manufacturing process of Para nitro benzyl bromide
(PNBBr)
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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Similar to the existing practices at SCL plant at Saidpura Plant, Unit-1, the above by products
that are envisaged from the proposed greenfield project will be sold to authorized vendors,
M/s Bromos Organics, Lalru, Punjab
4.8 Ecological Impacts
4.8.1 Impacts during Construction period:
During construction activities and clearance of the project site, no loss to the natural local
flora is expected as the proposed site has only few grass species. However, during
transportation of materials and machineries for construction, local flora of nearby areas may
get disturbed temporarily. Since all floral species reported from nearby areas are also
common in nature, construction of proposed project will not have any significant impact on
them. The impact on flora and vegetation of the area will be local and reversible only. There
is no wild fauna reported from the proposed site or nearby areas. Hence, the construction
activity will not cause any adverse impact on wild animals of the nearby areas.
4.8.2 Impacts during operation Phase:
Particulate matter emissions from stack and fugitive emissions due to transportation activity
and material handling may degrade the soil quality of surrounding environment causing
impact on growth of local flora. The settlement of dust on the laminar surface of plants can
impede the efficiency of photo-transduction and thereby, affect the productivity of plants.
The type of flora recorded in the area are not sensitive to the fugitive emission, hence it will
not impact the growth of these plants of the area. The predicted GLCs from the boiler
emissions were found be well within the permissible range and the concentration is restricted
upto 5 km radius. The predominant wind direction is from North West to South East.
Appropriate mitigation measures for air pollution will be adopted such as scrubbers, tail gas
condensers, to restrict the pollutants within the site.
The Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary is located at a distance of 7.16 km north from the
northern boundary of the proposed project. Since it is located at distance of more than 5 km
from the project site and also in the Northern region, no impact is envisaged on the same due
to the proposed project. Also it can be noted that no notified ecologically sensitive areas are
located within 5 km radius from the proposed project site.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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No wastewater will be discharged onto the nearby water bodies as SCL has proposed to adopt
ZLD system to completely recycle the treated wastewater to be generated in the facility.
Therefore no adverse impacts are envisaged on the nearby aquatic and terrestrial
environment.
No major trees will be cut as the proposed project site is a barren land.
Increased noise level due to running of machinery may scare the wild fauna and force them
to migrate to other areas. Currently there is no wild fauna in nearby areas. Hence any such
impact is not anticipated. However, in this regard it will be ensured to have all pollution
control equipments with adequate efficiency, with proper thick green belt along the plant
boundary to ensure the noise level under controlled limit as prescribed by CPCB.
4.9 Socio Economic Impacts
Socio-economic survey was conducted by an approved in-house NABET socio economic
expert in five villages within the study area located in all directions with reference to the
project site.
According to survey done in the study area, the observations made are as follows:
• In the study area, the main occupation of the villagers being service providers,
agriculture, labour work and small business related to dairy product etc;
• Villages are well connected by tarred roads with the district place; thus have good
transport facilities.
• Proper communication facility is available through mobile network and transportation
facilities and all villages are well electrified and use of electricity for all purposes;
• The people surveyed during the study welcomed any move by the government or
private companies for their investment in any project that could uplift their quality of
life and economic condition.
• Although the people are keen to have any development activities like setting up of
chemical factories, they are also concerned about possibility of any health hazard.
With the setting up of chemical factory, the following social and environmental
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➢ Greenhouse gas production
➢ Dust and noise
➢ Liquid waste (production and disposal) - hazardous waste (i.e. process and effluent
treatment sludges, spent catalysts and container residues containing significant
concentrations of spent solvents and other toxic organics)
➢ Storm water runoff - contamination resulting from poor materials transportation,
storage and handling practices
➢ Community health and safety - accidental spills and tank leakage, water
contamination
➢ Inappropriate / ill-informed use of chemicals / pharmaceuticals leading to illness
or death
➢ Public nuisance - odour if operations in close proximity to residential areas
During the transportation following impact needs to be analyzed in detail as it is most likely
that following issues may emerge in near future, Community health and safety - noise,
vibration, dust creation, traffic movement, road safety, emissions and air quality.
No water body or settlements or grazing land in the acquired land and hence no impact on
social environment due to land acquisition.
Noise emissions from the plant will be maintained well within the permissible range as
prescribed by CPCB for industrial noise and will be limited to the plant area.
Air emissions will be monitored continuously at plant to maintain the emissions well within
the permissible range as prescribed by CPCB. No significant impact on nearby villages is
envisaged due to the air emissions as per the air quality modeling results.
No nearby water bodies will be contaminated due to the release of effluent from the
proposed plant as Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system will be adopted to completely recycle
the treated wastewater within the plant area. Hence the social life of the people dependent
on the nearby water bodies will not be affected due to the proposed project.
The proposed project will provide employment opportunities to the nearby villagers providing
full capacity permanent employment to about 1000 persons excluding contractual labours.
Rehabilitation & Resettlement (R&R) Action Plan
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Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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The proposed project is to be developed within the green field area (agriculture land ) hence
the compensation should be paid as per the government norms. As per the Land Acquisition
Act 2013 compensation which includes solatium, any enhanced compensation ordered by the
Land Aquistion and Rehabilitation and Resettlement Authority or the court and the interest
payable thereon and any other amount determined as payable to the affected families should
be paid.
The acquired land is a barren land with no settlements and hence does not attract any
Rehabilitation and Resettlement activity under “Right to Fair Compensation and Transparency
in Land Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Act, 2013”.
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5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES
5.1 Introduction
M/s Saurav chemicals is proposing it’s green field API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) bulk
drug manufacturing unit which will be situated at Village Nimbua, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi,
Distt, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab. The proposed project will manufacture about 40
API and Intermediate products with a total production capacity of 233.71 TPM.
The proposed plant will be fully equipped with Zero Liquid Discharge system (ZLD) and full-
fledged environmental pollution monitoring and control systems complying with the all
MoEF&CC standards.
A comparative analysis of various alternatives was considered to avoid or minimize the
impacts that would be inevitable in the process. The process of analysis of alternatives
involves identifying the constraints, avoiding activities causing adverse impact and
maintaining the economic feasibility.
The range of alternatives selected for the purpose of analysis includes:
• Site alternative
• Technology alternative
5.2 Site Alternative
The total area acquired for the project is 22.80 acres. The proposed project land is barren and
no rehabilitation or resettlement is required. The proposed site is located about 20km aerial
distance from the Chandigarh city. The total land acquired for the project is not falling under
any notified industrial area, but is falling under Free Enterprise Zone (FEZ).
5.2.1 Details of the alternative sites considered
There were total two alternative sites considered for the proposed project. Photographs of
the land along with the site co-ordinates are presented in the Table 5.1.
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Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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Table 5-1 Alternative Sites Considered
Photograph Location
Latitude: 30°36'1.28"N Longitude: 76°55'0.66"E
Latitude: 30°36'21.75"N Longitude: 76°55'6.46"E
The above locations were rejected as both of the sites were cultivated and also due to the
irregularities present in the land which may incur more cost due to soil/sand filling.
Therefore the proposed project site was selected as the land is plain and barren which does
not require feeling of trees and hence no loss to the natural local flora is expected as the
proposed site has only few grass species.
As per the environmental setting of the study area, Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary Hills is
located at 7.16 km from the northern boundary of the project site and hence no ecologically
sensitive areas are located within 5 km from the proposed project site. The proposed plant
site is well connected to NH 73-North East direction which is at 2.6 km aerial distance from
the proposed project site. All the movement of raw materials and finished Goods from plant
will be by road and accessible.
The Google Earth Image of the proposed project site is presented in the Figure 5.1
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
Chapter-5, Analysis of Alternatives
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Figure 5-1 Google Earth Image showing the proposed project site
5.3 Technology Alternative
Saurav Chemical Limited (SCL) established in the early 90’s SCL offers a wide range of Active
Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Intermediates to its customers worldwide.
Bulk drugs manufactured in SCL are the raw material for many medicine manufacturers
around the globe. Enormous amount of bulk drug products from India are exported to Global
markets. To remain as a significant player in the international market and to meet the
increasing demand of bulk drugs in India and abroad, SCL has proposed a new bulk drug API
unit at, Punjab. The proposed products are mostly antibiotics, antiplatelet drugs, dietary
supplements and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. During the manufacturing process
the following environmental friendly initiatives will be adopted;
- No usage of carbon tetrachloride. As per the commitment to UNO no CFC solvents will be
used
- During the manufacturing of Dexketoprofen trometamol, the usage of solvent (ethyl
acetate) will be reduced to maximum level to use water
- The NaBr generated will be recovered instead of sending to ETP and will be sold to
authorized vendors for recovering.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PLAN
6.1 Preamble
An Environmental Monitoring Plan provides feedback about the difference between actual
environmental scenario and the impacts of the project on the environment and helps to judge
the adequacy of the mitigation measures in protecting the environment. The purpose of
environmental monitoring is to evaluate the effectiveness of implementation of
Environmental Management Plan (EMP) by periodically monitoring the important
environmental parameters within the impact area, so that any adverse effects are detected
and timely action can be taken.
Regular monitoring of environmental parameters is of immense importance to assess the
status of environment during plant operation. With the knowledge of baseline conditions, the
monitoring program will serve as an indicator for any deterioration in environmental
conditions due to operation of the project, to enable taking up suitable mitigative steps in
time to safeguard the environment. Monitoring is as important as that of control of pollution
since the efficiency of control measures can be determined only by monitoring.
6.2 Objectives of Environmental Monitoring Plan
The key issues associated with the life cycle of a project are the monitoring of environmental
parameters. Three types of Environmental Monitoring are associated with the project, which
includes
a) Baseline Monitoring
b) Effects / Impacts Monitoring and
c) Compliance Monitoring
a) Baseline Monitoring- Baseline monitoring deals with the measurement of environmental
variables during pre project period to determine existing conditions, ranges of variation
and process of change.
Regional laboratory of Punjab Pollution Control Board monitors the quality of
environmental parameters on regular basis. Besides, SCL will install Continuous Ambient
Air Quality Monitoring stations (CAAQMS) and meteorology station at site for continuous
monitoring.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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Selection of monitoring stations for Environmental Monitoring- Under the Environment
Monitoring Plan of SCL, the sampling stations for Ambient Air Quality are selected based on
the wind direction at the time of sampling
b) Effects/Impact Monitoring- It involves measurement of environmental variables during
construction and operation phase of the project to assess the impact that may have been
caused by the project.
c) Compliance Monitoring- It takes the form of periodic sampling and continuous
measurement of level of pollutant emissions in the air, waste discharge on land or water,
level of noise to ensure that standards are met.
The basic objective of Environment Monitoring Program is:
• To develop a database against which the short term and long term environmental
impacts of the project can be determined
• To ensure implementation of mitigation measures during project operation.
• To evaluate the effectiveness of the mitigation measures implemented through
periodic monitoring
• To evaluate and ensure the statutory compliance of the project with respect to various
environmental parameters.
• To define the responsibilities of the project proponents and environmental monitors
and to ensure effective communication of environmental issues amongst them.
• To provide feedback to the decision makers about the effectiveness of their actions
• To determine the project’s actual environmental impacts so that modifications can be
made to mitigate the impacts
• To identify the need for enforcement action before irreversible environmental
damage occurs
• To provide scientific information about the response of an ecosystem to a given set of
human activities and mitigation measures
6.3 Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Procedure
Monitoring shall ensure that commitments are being met. This may take the form of direct
measurement and recording of quantitative information, such as amounts and
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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concentrations of discharges, emissions and wastes, for measurement against corporate or
statutory standards, consent limits or targets. It may also require measurement of ambient
environmental quality in the vicinity of a site using ecological/biological, physical and chemical
indicators. Monitoring may include socio-economic interaction, through local liaison activities
or even assessment of complaints.
6.3.1 Monitoring Schedule
As per the guidelines of MoEF&CC, environmental monitoring shall be required during
construction and operational phases. Environmental monitoring schedules are prepared
covering various phases of project advancement, such as construction phase and regular
operational phase.
The schedule for monitoring ambient air quality, ambient noise quality, ground water
quality, and waste water quality both during the construction and operation phases of the
project is given in Table 6.1 and Table 6.2
6.3.1.1 Monitoring Schedule during Constructional Phase
The construction activities require mobilisation of construction material and equipment. The
environmental monitoring that needs to be undertaken during project construction phase is
given in Table 6.1.
Table 6-1 Environmental Monitoring during Project Construction Phase
Site boundaries Monthly Incident Reporting when necessary
Flora and Fauna Status of green belt Site Monthly Monthly
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6.3.1.2 Monitoring Schedule during Operational Phase
The following monitoring program will be implemented for the proposed Green Field Project
based on baseline data compliances for environmental clearance conditions and regular
permits from PPCB/SEIAA.
Table 6-2 Environmental Monitoring Programmes during Operation Phase
Environmental Component
Monitoring Type Monitoring Location Monitoring/
recording Frequency
Air Environment
Ambient Air Quality Monitoring (PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOx & CO, and VOC)
6 locations inside the Project site
Once in three months
Continuous Ambient Air Quality Monitoring
3 locations inside the Project site
Continuous
On-line Measurement of PM, SO2 and NOx
Final Stack Continuous
Stack Monitoring (SO2, NOx, PM, CO, CO2, Temperature, Flow Rate & Exit velocity of the gas, Cl, Acid mists)
DG Set Stack, Boiler Stacks, Process Stacks and Scrubber stacks
Once in three months
VOC Analyser Processing area Continuous
Fugitive Emissions Monitoring (VOCs)
At 3 locations in plant premises
Once in three months
Leak Detection and Repair (LDAR) for fugitive VOC emissions
Processing area Yearly Once
Incinerator (Parameters as per CPCB/PPCB recommendations)
Final Stack Continuous
Noise Environment Ambient Noise Quality Monitoring 6 locations in the plant premises
Once in a month
Water Environment
Ground Water Quality Monitoring (Parameters specified under IS:10500, 1993] (including heavy metals)
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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6.4 Data Analysis
The monitored data will be analyzed and compared with the baseline levels as established in
the EIA study and the regulatory standards specified by different government agencies. The
standards against which the different environment components will be compared are as per
Table 6.3.
Table 6-3 Recommended Environmental Monitoring Plan
S.No Component Applicable Standards
1 Ambient Air Quality National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), Central Pollution Control Board, Punjab Pollution Control Board (GPCB)
2 Noise Quality Ambient Air Quality Standards with respect to Noise, CPCB
3 Surface Water Quality
IS:2296: Class ‘C’ Water, CPCB
4 Groundwater Quality
IS: 10500 Standards, BIS
5 Soil Quality --
6 Treated wastewater Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB)
6.5 Reporting Schedule
The monitoring results of the different environmental components will be analyzed and
compiled report will be sent to concerned authorities every six months. BOD, COD, TSS PM10,
PM2.5, SO2, NOx will be online and logged on to PPCB / CPCB web portals. The report will also
list the project activities along with the environmental mitigation measures and will evaluate
the efficacy of the Environmental Management Plan.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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7 ADDITIONAL STUDIES
This chapter includes Public Consultation, Risk Assessment, Disaster Management Plan, Fire
Safety Systems and Occupational Health and Safety of the plant
This section of the EIA report presents the residual safety and environmental risks, if any that
are associated with operation of the proposed facility at the site and proposed risk mitigation
measures as per the applicable regulations and guidelines. Safety related aspects are grouped
into three aspects such as fire safety, road safety and occupational safety.
Fire risk aspects are related to the possible hazards due to storage and handling of flammable
and combustible material at the site. Road safety addresses the plant layout, exit routes and
parking lots etc. Occupational health aspects are addressed in terms of exposure to noise,
thermal radiation, indoor air pollutants and toxic chemicals.
7.1 Public Consultation
M/s Saurav Chemicals Ltd., Village Nimbua, P.O. Mubarkpur, Tehsil Dera Bassi, District Mohali
filed an application in the office of Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
(MoEF&CC), Government of India, New Delhi for getting Environmental Clearance under EIA
notification no. 1533 (E) dated 14.09.2006 for establishment of an industrial unit for the
manufacturing of 40 Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) with a total production capacity
of 233.7 TPM.
The draft Environmental Impact Assessment Study Report along with Executive Summary,
both in English and vernacular language (Punjabi) was submitted to Punjab Pollution Control
Board requesting for conduct of Public Hearing for the proposed project.
In compliance to provision of the EIA notification dated 14.09.2006, the board issued public
notice of 30 days in two daily newspapers namely, ‘The Hindustan Times’ (English Daily) and
‘Punjabi Tribune’ for getting reponses from public and intimating time, date and venue of the
public hearing fixed for 08.06.2018 at the project site. The advertisement is presented in the
Figure 7.1. Thereafter, public hearing for the said project was conducted on 08.06.2018,
which was attended by 265 persons.
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Figure 7-1 Adevertisement of Public Hearing Published in Local News Paper
The Public hearing was supervised and presided over by the Additional Deputy Commissioner,
SAS Nagar, Environmental Engineer, PPCB, Regional Office, Mohali and Assistant
Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Head Office, Patiala.
Assistant Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, SAS Nagar
welcomed the officers supervising and presiding over the hearing and people from adjoining
towns/villages, who came to attend the public hearing of the project. He appraised the public
there about the requirement of conducting the public hearing and also brought into notice of
public that industry has submitted copies of draft EIA report along with executive summary
of the same and a copy of each document was placed in the office of Deputy Commisioner,
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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SAS Nagar, Zila Parishad, Mohali, General Manager, District Industries Centre, Mohali,
Regional Office of MoEF&CC at Chandigarh and Regional Office, SAS Nagar of PPCB for access
to the public and other stakeholders. Thereafter, the details of the project proposal, in detail
was narrated to the Public and the persons present in the Public Hearing were asked to seek
any information or clarifications on the project from the project promoter.
The details of the information/clarifications sought by the persons at the venue of hearing
and the reply given by the project proponent is as under;
SI No Name of the Preson
Detail of query/ statement /information / clarification sought by the person present at the venue of hearing
Reply of the query/statement/ information/ clarification given by the project proponent
1
Sh. Raghbir Singh S/o Sh. Mohinder Singh, Village Nimbuan, District Mohali
1. We are against the establishment of this unit as it is a hazard to the residents of this village being situated at 400 m from the village Nimbuan.
2. The factory namely M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd, which has been established near Village Nimbuan few years ago, has deteriorated the quality of the groundwater in the vicinity by discharging its wastewater directly into in the groundwater through borewells. 10 persons have died due to cancer disease which has been caused by the pollution arising from the said unit.
Additional Deputy Commisioner, Mohali, presiding over this public hearing informing the public that the Environmental Engineer, Punjab Pollution Control Board, Regional Office, Mohali will visit site of M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers Ltd, to verify the facts of complaint and shall submit the report
2
Sh. Shamsher Singh, r/o Village Haripur Hinduan, District SAS Nagar
We have no objection for the establishment of the unit as it will generate
No reply is required to be given by the project proponent.
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employment opportunities for the nearby residents.
3
Sh. Amrik Singh Sarpanch S/o Baljit Singh, Village Nimbuan, District SAS Nagar.
There should be no pollution with the establishment of the industry and no wastewater will be discharged outside the premises of the industry. Employment should be given to the local people.
The project proponent assured the public that they will take utmost care so that no pollution is generated by the unit and further assured that preference will be given to the local residents for employment.
4
Ms Shivani D/o Sh. Prem Chand Bansal, Principal, Govt. Middle School, Village Bhagwanpura, District Mohali
The unit of the project proponent already established in Dera Bassi area is causing no pollution. The project proponent has done lot of work for the school under CSR like providing shed, drinking water facilities, furniture etc. for the children of the school. The proposed project of the project proponent should be established at the proposed site as it will have positive impact for the residents of Village Nimbuan.
No reply is required to be given by the project proponent.
The photographs of Public Hearing are presented in the Figure 7.2 and the Public Hearing
Proceeding is attached as Annexure 9.
Figure 7-2 Photographs of Public Hearing conducted at the Proposed Project Site of SCL
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7.2 Risk Assessment study and Mitigation measures
According to the specific item 13 of the Standard Terms of Reference (ToR) issued for the
project, a preliminary hazard identification and risk assessment was undertaken for storage
and handling of hazardous chemicals/solvents to analyze the consequences of a loss of
containment of storage tanks and to quantify the risk, which is involved in the transfer
operations of the stored solvents.
A detailed Risk Assessment study was undertaken by Cholamandalam MS Risk Services
Limited, as a part of the EIA study for the storage yard facility of the Proposed Green field API
and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Punjab by M/s Saurav
Chemicals Limited and the detailed report is attached as Annexure 10.
The good engineering practices suggested by the Central Pollution Control Board for risk
assessment in industries and CPR-18E risk assessment procedures' guidelines which are
widely accepted by the Ministry of Environment and Forest & Climate Change (MoEF & CC)
India, have been adopted while assessing the residual risks associated with the operations of
the project with specific reference to fire hazards, chemical exposure hazards, occupational
hazards and natural hazards.
The scope of the risk assessment includes the following;
• Analysing the consequences from a loss of containment event of the Major accident
scenarios in the facility.
• Analysing the consequences from a loss of containment event of the storage tanks in
the storage yard.
• Analysing the risk associated with the transfer operations in the storage yard.
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7.2.1 Software Used
PHAST v7.21 and SAFETI v7.21
The software developed by DNV was used for risk assessment studies involving flammable and
toxic hazards where individual and societal risks were also to be identified. The software enables
the user to assess the physical effects of accidental releases of toxic or flammable chemicals.
PHAST v7.21 was used for consequence calculations and SAFETI v.7.21 was used for risk
calculations.
7.2.2 Identification of hazards and release scenarios
Containment is defined as one or several devices or any parts which are permanently in open
contact with one another, and which are intended to contain one or multiple substances. A loss
of containment in one containment system may not lead to the release of significant quantities
of hazardous substance if it is protected as intended. On the contrary, a loss of containment in a
containment system does not pose a major event unless the hazard stays protected.
The following data were collected to envisage scenarios:
• Composition of material flowing through piping;
• Inventory of material flowing through piping;
• Flow rate of materials passing through piping;
• Process parameters (phase, temperature, pressure);
Accidental release of flammable liquids/gases can result in severe consequences. Delayed ignition
of flammable gases can result in blast overpressures covering large areas. This may lead to
extensive loss of life and property. In contrast, fires have localized consequences. Fires can be put
out or contained in most cases; there are few mitigating actions one can take once a flammable
gas or a vapor cloud gets released. Major accident hazards arise, therefore, consequent upon the
release of flammable gases.
7.2.3 Type of Outcome Events
Depending on the considered Loss of Containment scenarios, the following outcomes are expected:
• Jet fire
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• Pool fire
• Flammable gas dispersion (Flash Fire)
• Vapor Cloud Explosion (VCE)
• Toxic dispersion
7.2.4 Selection of Damage Criteria
As per the guidelines of CPR 18 E Purple Book:
• The lethality of a jet fire and pool fire is assumed to be 100% for the people who are caught
in the flame. Outside the flame area, the lethality depends on the heat radiation distances.
• For the flash fires lethality is taken as 100% for all the people caught outdoors and for 10%
who are indoors within the flammable cloud. No fatality has been assumed outside the
flash fire area.
• 0.03 bar overpressure, corresponding to the critical overpressure causing windows to
break.
• 0.1 bar overpressure, corresponding to 10% of the houses severely damaged and a
probability of death indoors equal to 0.025.
• An overpressure less than 0.1 bar would not cause any fatalities to the public.
• 100% lethality is assumed for all people who are present within the cloud proper.
7.2.5 Modeling Assumptions
In addition to the methods and assumptions in the modeling as noted above, the following
assumptions are used for RRA study for chemicals handled in facility:
Piping: In addition to the storage tanks, the discharge piping from the pumps of each underground
tank will be considered. Due to non availability of data, the values of following parameters are
assumed:
• Pump discharge rate at 4 m3/hr.
• Discharge pressure of 3 bar and 30 °C.
• Discharge piping diameter of 1 inch.
• Length of the piping from pump discharge to the manifold isolation valve – 10 meters
which is above ground.
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• Type of blocking system is assumed to be MANUAL.
• The release for the above ground system is assumed to be oriented horizontal since it
gives the most conservative results
The following two leak sizes were considered:
1. Leak outflow with an effective diameter of 10 mm incase of piping systems and drums. 2. Catastrophic rupture of the underground solvent storage tanks and drums.
Jet fires in PHAST have been modeled using the un-impinged jet model. This leads to conservative,
longer jet fire lengths as the model assumes that there are no obstacles to reduce jet momentum
and therefore jet length and distances to radiation levels.
TNT explosion model was used for the study.
7.2.6 Consequence Analysis
The LOC scenarios considered for the study are presented in the Table 7.1
Table 7-1 LOC scenarios considered for the Study
S. No Solvent in Storage Tanks Type of storage 1 Toluene Underground 2 Cyclohexane Underground 3 Isopropyl alcohol Underground 4 n-Hexane Underground 5 Methylene dichloride Underground 6 Acetonitrile Underground 7 Dimethyl Formamide Underground 8 Methanol Underground 9 Acetone Underground
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S. No Solvent in Storage Tanks Type of storage Piping Scenarios
1 Leak of Toluene pump discharge piping 2 Leak of Cyclohexane pump discharge piping 3 Leak of Isopropyl alcohol pump discharge piping
4 Leak of n-Hexane pump discharge piping 5 Leak of Methylene dichloride pump discharge piping 6 Leak of Acetonitrile pump discharge piping
7 Leak of Dimethyl Formamide pump discharge piping
8 Leak of Methanol pump discharge piping 9 Leak of Acetone pump discharge piping
13 Leak of Ethyl acetate pump discharge piping 14 Leak of Heptane pump discharge piping 15 Leak of Benzene pump discharge piping
16 Leak of Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO) pump discharge piping
17 Leak of Chloroform pump discharge piping 18 Leak of Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) pump discharge piping
Sudden release of hydrocarbon can result in a number of accident situations. As large number of
failure cases can lead to the same type of consequences, representative failure cases are selected
for this analysis. The failure cases are based on conservative assumptions and engineering
judgment. Typically, failure models are considered for 10 mm for piping and catastrophic rupture
of tanks , based on the guidelines of CPR 18 E.
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18 Leak of Diisopropyl ether (DIPE) pump discharge piping
4 3 30 1 10 0.0051 0.0014 2.00 2.0051
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Definitions
1. Static inventory: The holdup quantity in the system.
2. Dynamic inventory: It is based on flow rate of representative streams from a leak for specified time for isolation and blow down. It will
be calculated based on release rate.
3. Release rate: The representative release rate, selected in each case is generally taken as the initial maximum release rate, which will be
calculated using PHAST. However, representative release rate is adjusted from the initial maximum for the following key scenarios:
• If the initial maximum release rate, is very large (greater than normal flow rate), the initial peak release rate will be of very short
duration and the representative release rate will be restricted to the normal flow rate.
• If the release rate (Calculated by PHAST) < Normal flow rate, then release rate (Calculated by PHAST) will be used for inventory
calculations.
• If the release rate (Calculated by PHAST) > Normal flow rate, then Normal flow rate will be used for inventory calculation
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7.2.7 Risk Anlaysis
The risk model calculates the impact of the release of the flammable chemical on the population.
It takes results of the consequence calculations of the flammable effects, together with additional
data on wind direction, ignition sources, and levels of overpressure, event location and frequency
and superimposes them on the population to calculate the fatality risk in the surrounding area.
The results are presented in a variety of forms including the F-N data for societal risk and
individual risk presented as grid over the calculation area.
For calculating the frequency to be applied for modeling, the base failure frequency from CPR-
18E was used.
7.2.8 Risk Acceptance
In India, there are no defined criteria for risk acceptance. However, in IS 15656 – Code of Practice
for Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis, Annexure E summarizes the risk criteria adopted in
some countries. Extracts for the same is presented below:
Table 7-3 Risk Criteria in Some Countries
Authority and Application Maximum Tolerable Risk
(Per Year) Negligible Risk
(Per Year)
VROM, The Netherlands (New) 1.0E-6 1.0E-8
VROM, The Netherlands (Existing) 1.0E-5 1.0E-8
HSE, UK (Existing Hazardous Industry)
1.0E-4 1.0E-6
HSE, UK (New Industries) 1.0E-5 1.0E-6
HSE, UK (Substance Transport) 1.0E-4 1.0E-6
HSE, UK (New Housing Near Plants) 3 x 1.0E-6 3 x 1.0E-7
Hong Kong Government (New Plants)
1.00E-5 Not Used
To achieve the above risk acceptance criteria, ALARP principle was followed while
suggesting risk reduction recommendations
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7.2.9 Risk Summary
The output of the risk analysis of the storage area piping transfer system is presented as risk contours and is shown in the following Figure 7.3 and Figure 7.4.
Figure 7-3 Risk contour for the storage yard facility on the layout
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Figure 7-4 Risk contour for the storage yard facility on Google image
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Analysis on Risk contours:
Following are the observations from the contours given in Figure 7.3 and Figure 7.4.
• The LSIR (Location Specific Individual Risk) contours corresponding to 1E-06 per avg.
year (acceptable region as per risk criteria) is concentrated well within the facility
boundary.
7.2.10 Individual Risk Analysis
Assuming continuous manning in the storage yard during normal operation, the Individual
risk values are calculated. The IRPA (Individual Risk Per Annum) value from the calculation
shown in the following table is 4.77E-05 per avg. year.
Table 7-4 Individual Risk Calculation
Location Individual exposure
(hrs)
Daily Exposure (fraction)
Yearly Exposure (fraction)
LSIR (per avg.
year)
IRPA (per avg.
year) Acceptability
Storage yard 8 0.33 0.274 1.74E-04 4.77E-05 ALARP
Comparing the result of the above table with the risk acceptance criteria, it is observed that
the individual risk at storage yard area is in ALARP region.
7.2.11 Societal (Group) Risk
The societal (group) risk output from the risk analysis of the storage yard transfer operation
is provided in Figure 7.5. From the graph, the maximum number of fatalities is found to be 2
with a frequency of 3.20E-08 per avg. year.
Figure 7-5 F-N Curve
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7.2.12 Risk Control Measures Suggested
• Considering the location of storage yard (in the close proximity to public access), any
solvent release would create impact to the surrounding public. Hence, it is suggested
to provide Flammable Gas detectors (open path type) along the boundary of the
storage yard.
• Only trained people are to be employed for solvent transfer operation.
• The storage yard requires continuous monitoring via CCTV, since it is prone to
unauthorized entry of the public.
• Ensure adequate fire fighting facilities are provided in the storage area.
• Ensure minimization of ignition sources in the vicinity such as laying overhead high
tension cables across the storage area and erection of transformer/ motor control
rooms in the close proximity to the storage area.
• Ensure SOP including emergency operations is developed for solvent transfer
operations.
7.3 Fire and Safety Management
Fire fighting systems shall be designed based on the National Building Codes. The facility is
proposing to install adequate fire safety systems consisting of fire pumps, fire hydrant system
and fire alarm system.
7.3.1 Proposed Fire Hydrant System
✓ A well laid network of fire hydrant system is proposed
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✓ Fire hose reels at different floors, fire buckets and fire extinguishers will be provided
as per the National Building Code requirements.
✓ Water sprinkler system will be provided in gas cylinder storage area.
✓ An independent electrical panel will be provided for fire hydrant system.
✓ It is proposed to install one jockey pump and one fire water pump of adequate size for
fire water network arrangements
✓ To take care of electrical failure an independent diesel generator pump of adequate
size is proposed.
✓ It is proposed to install one fire hydrant water storage tank of adequate size.
✓ Bore well connections will be made available to fire hydrant with water storage tank
for simultaneous filling.
✓ All the areas will be covered with fire hydrant from minimum two opposite sides for
better coverage.
7.3.2 Types of Fire Fighting Aids
Various types of fire fighting aids that will be made available at the plant site during the post
project scenario are as follows;
✓ Foam, Dry chemical powder & Adequate Nos of CO2 fire extinguishers
✓ Self Breathing Apparatus
✓ Fire Buckets
✓ Foam Compound
✓ Water for Firefighting (2 tanks)
7.3.3 Fire Detection System
A well laid network of smoke detectors will be installed covering all the floors in areas where
round the clock persons will not be present for example, Warehouses, offices etc.
Adequate sirens both manual & electrically operated for emergency indication will be placed.
7.3.4 Personal Protective Equipments
Following Personal Protective Equipments will be used during the post project scenario at SCL
plant.
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✓ Helmet
✓ Chemical Splash Proof Goggles
✓ Dust Mask
✓ Half Face Mask with neutralizing canister for Ammonia, Acid, Gases, Toxic fumes and
Organic vapors.
✓ Full Face Mask with airline connection and screw in - canister.
✓ PVC Safety Suit
✓ PVC Aprons (back open)
✓ Face shields
✓ Safety belts
✓ Ear plugs & Ear muff
✓ Gum boots Acid and Alkali Proof
✓ Various types of safety gloves.
✓ Safety Showers at each floor in all the plants.
✓ Static charge dissipation pads
7.3.5 Other Safety Equipments proposed at Site
Some of the other safety measures/equipments proposed by SCL at site are as follows;
✓ Flame arresters with breathing valves on solvent tanks
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✓ Fire extinguishers & fire hydrant checking on quarterly basis.
✓ First aid box- 14 nos.
✓ Safety permit system
✓ CCTV
7.3.6 Minimum Safety Management System Recommendations
Process units, solvent storage and handling are the primary concern under safety
management program for the proposed project. In this context following recommendations
are provided for safety management;
✓ All reactors will be operated on SCADA mode with cooling water temperature sensors,
pressure relief values etc., As far as possible automated or semi-automated system
will be adopted for charging of chemical and raw material into the reactors etc.,
✓ All the process reactors in the block shall be fitted with double condensers to reduce
the solvent wastage while flame arrestors are provided to prevent fire hazard.
✓ Gas detectors shall be installed at the process rooms and also solvent storage areas
✓ Fire pumps and fire hydrant systems shall be designed based on National Building
Code 2017.
✓ Dyke system shall be provided to contain 110% of the tank size as per good
engineering practices suggested under OISD standards
✓ As far as possible double wall underground solvent storage tanks shall be considered
to adopt intrinsically safe design operation
✓ Automatic sprinkler and deluge systems shall be provided for all solvent tanks to
prevent fire hazard.
✓ To promote the safe unloading of solvents, different hose pipes shall be provided for
different solvents for safe unloading from the road tankers. The hose pipes shall be
designed in a way that they will fit for the particular solvent only. Advanced earth
interlocking system shall be provided for safe unloading of solvent from road tankers
by preventing electrical short circuit. Also it shall be designed in such a way that the
pump will start unloading only when it is connected to the interlocking system.
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Adequate number of fire hydrant points and foam tenders shall be made available
near the solvent tank area.
✓ All solvent tanks shall be fitted with Emergency Relief Valve and fire arrestor
✓ All the electrical equipments and machines in the block shall be secured through
double earthing and the preventive maintenance shall be carried out once in a year
✓ The hazardous waste storage and handling area shall be located far away from the
process area and is properly sheltered in a covered shed.
✓ Worker and vehicle movement will be the main activities at the security gate. Spark
arrestors shall be fitted in all the vehicles with the guidance of safety personnel.
✓ Safety shoes and minimum safety gear shall be made mandatory to enter into plant.
Mobile phones shall not be allowed into process rooms and hazardous areas.
✓ The security officer at the main gate is the initiator of any emergency and thus the
security room shall be provided with a main fire panel and an alarm panel to indicate
the zone of fire. The security officer has the responsibility to activate the fire alarm as
soon as he notifies fire in any of the zones. He will also inform the Emergency
Response Team/Control room/Incident Controller and the safety team about the fire.
✓ The security officer also has the responsibility to control the outside traffic in case of
any emergencies.
✓ Safe assembly point, emergency control room and safety store room shall be located
near the main gate. Onsite emergency control plan board shall be placed at the
entrance near the security gate.
✓ An accident information board containing the last reported accident and the number
of accident free days shall be placed along with the emergency contact numbers.
7.4 Occupational Health and Safety
The Ministry of Labour and Employment, Government of India has a nodal organisation, viz.
Directorate General Factory Advice Service and Labour Institutes (DGFASLI), in dealing with
Occupational Safety and Health issues in Industries. The DGFASLI is the technical arm of the
Ministry on matters connected with Occupational Health in the manufacturing and port
sectors.
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The Factories Act, 1948, provides for appointment of qualified Medical Practitioners and
Certified Surgeons to examine young people engaged in dangerous manufacturing processes
and to ensure medical supervision in case of illness due to the nature of manufacturing
processes. The Factories Act, 1948, also provides for notification of certain occupational
diseases as listed in the Third Schedule of the Act. As per Section 90 of the Factories Act, 1948,
the State Government is vested with the powers to appoint a Competent Person to conduct
inquiry into the causes of any accident or notifiable diseases.
The following measures need to be implemented in the work places to enhance occupational
health:
✓ Identify and involve personnel in assessing workplace risks
✓ Assess and consider employees needs when planning and organising work
✓ Provide advice, information and training to employees, as well as mechanisms for
employee feedback such as a suggestion scheme
✓ Occupational health surveillance and Occupational health audit
✓ To develop a system of creating up-to-date data base on mortality, and morbidity due
to occupational diseases and use it for performance monitoring of the same
✓ Extending support to the state government for effective enforcement of the health
provisions stipulated under section 41F of the Factory Act by equipping them with
work environment monitoring technologies.
The occupational health safety system should be headed by a competent and qualified safety
officer that will be supported by a team of safety volunteers from each plant and department
within the Plant site. The safety team will take up a detailed task based risk assessment
studies and will develop task based safety procedures and work permit systems. The safety
team should record the near misses in the site and take necessary corrective action to
minimize the occupational risks.
SCL strives to provide safe and healthy workplace for the employees through various
engineering control measures, work place monitoring and provision of necessary facilities for
maintaining safe and healthy atmosphere at the work place. In this context, SCL is proposing
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a full fledged Occupational Health Centre (OHC) with appropriate facilities and staff to
manage medical emergencies.
A dedicated occupational health centre shall be developed with following features;
✓ The Occupational Health Centre shall be suitably equipped to manage medical
emergencies
✓ Occupational Health Centre shall be maintained in good order with appropriate
services and facilities.
✓ A full time doctor may be appointed to monitor the day-to-day occupational health
aspects and also to provide medical advice to the workers, employees and residents
of the colony
✓ Adequate no of staff shall be employed including nurse, compounder, ward boy
throughout the working period.
✓ Minimum facilities such as an oxygen cylinder for emergency medical use, clean room
with two (2) beds for first aid applications, with first aid kits as per the Factories act
✓ ECG facilities and Peak expiratory flow meter to check the lung function shall be available
✓ The facility shall be made available round the clock for attending to emergency arising
out of accidents, if any
✓ All working personnel should be medically examined at least once every year and at
the end of the term of their employment. This is in addition to the pre-employment
medical examination.
As a part of the surveillance programme, the following minimum medical examination may
be undertaken during the pre-employment phase:
➢ General physical examination and blood pressure, X-Ray of chest & ECG
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As part of the routine and annual medical examinations on the persons working in the high
noise generating areas, stress areas and dust exposure areas, a comprehensive surveillance
programme may be adopted. Some of the good management practices are suggested in
Tables 7.5 and 7.6.
Table 7-5 Suggested Frequency of Medical Examination under Occupational Health Surveillance Programme
AGE (YRS) Preriodicity Duration of exposure Periodicity
< 30 yrs Once in five years < 10 yrs Once in five years
31-40 Once in four years 10 to 20 Once in four years
41-50 Once in three years 21-30 Once in three years
> 51 Once a year > 31 Once a year
Table 7-6 Suggested Medical Tests under Occupational Health Surveillance Programme
S No. Disorder Tests to be conducted
1 Heart Diseases ECG, Blood for Lipid Profile, Stress Test, 2D-Echo and other required Tests
2 Anemia Hb%, TC,DC, ESR & Stool for Occult Blood, Ova and Cyst
3 Lung Diseases Sputum, X-Ray Chest, Spirometery
4 Diabetes Random Blood sugar, Urine sugar, if positive, BSL-Fasting/PPBS diabetic profile
5 Hypertension Blood pressure reading; If required, renal profile + ECG and stress test.
6 Urine Examination Routine and Microscopic
Medical records - A record-keeping system for holding the results of medical examinations
and reports of symptoms will be maintained as part of the health surveillance scheme. These
are confidential medical records relating to individuals. As part of the health surveillance
programme, employees should be informed of the confidential results of each assessment
and of any implications of the findings, such as the likely effects of their continuing to work.
7.5 Emergency Response and Disaster Management Plan
Planning response strategies for meeting the emergencies caused by the major accidents are
termed as Disaster Management Plan. Maintenance of high levels of safety standards will help
to protect against major accidents occurrence.
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Effective Emergency Response plans and Disaster Management Plan with respect to the
proposed project has been developed by SCL and is attached as Annexure 11. MSDS of the
proposed chemicals are included in the same annexure.
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8 PROJECT BENEFITS
8.1 Introduction
This project, besides general economic desirability, would result in substantial socioeconomic
benefit to the country in general and more specifically to the region. These socio-economic
benefits are described hereinafter;
8.2 Contribution to the Nation
Bulk drugs manufactured in SCL are the raw material for many medicine manufacturers
around the globe. The finished products will be sold in domestic as well as International
markets. To remain as a significant player in the market and to meet the increasing demand
of bulk drugs in India and abroad SCL is proposing the Greenfield project.
End use of the various products proposed for manufacturing is as below;
• Dietary Supplement
• Antiarrhythmic
• Antimuscarinic agent
• Antispasmodic/Pain killer
• Antiplatelet Drug
• Antibiotic
• Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug
• Antiparasitics
• Chronic gout and Hyperuricemia
• Anticholinergics
• Anticonvulsants
• Antidepressent
• Anti-diabetic drug
8.3 Socio Economic Development
SCL is committed to Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in helping the inhabitants of the
surrounding villages. SCL will identify the local community needs near the proposed project
area and will allocate suitable budget every year for the benefit of local community in this
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region in the various sectors like education, health, infrastructure etc. Therefore the CSR
initiatives of SCL would help achieve many social development objectives of the State
Government for the region. The need based CSR programs are thus proposed for the villages
adjacent to the project site and are presented in the Chapter 9 of EIA report.
The capital CER budgets of Rs. 1.28 crores have been embarked for the local community
development within the vicinity of the study area. The capital budget is arrived by considering
2 % of the total project cost of Rs. 64 crores as per the office memorandum of Corporate
Environment Responsibility (CER) issued by MoEF&CC dated 1st May 2018.
The proposed project will provide employment opportunities to the nearby villagers providing
full capacity permanent employment to about 1000 persons excluding contractual labours of
about 400. In addition to this SCL will provide contractual employment to about 200 people.
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9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
This chapter presents an overview Environmental Management Plan. The Environmental
Management Plan (EMP) is required to ensure sustainable development in the project site.
EMP also ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the design
and the mitigation measures as recommended in the Environment Impact Assessment study
to reduce the adverse impacts during the project’s life cycle.
The plan outlines existing and potential problems that may adversely impact the environment
and recommends corrective measures where required. Also, the plan outlines roles and
responsibility of the key personnel and contractors who are in charged with the responsibility
to manage the proposed project site and its surroundings.
Mitigation measures at the source level and an overall EMP for the study area are planned for
implementation, to improve the supportive capacity of the study area and also to preserve
the assimilative capacity of the receiving bodies.
9.1 Administrative Aspects
The key benefits of EMP are that it provides the organization with means of managing and
improving its environmental performance thereby allowing it to contribute to better
environmental quality. The other benefits include cost control and improved relations with
the stakeholders. EMP includes four major elements;
• Commitment & Policy
• Planning
• Implementation
• Measurement & Evaluation
9.1.1 Commitment and Policy
SCL strives to provide and implement the Environmental Management Plan that incorporates
all issues related to environmental and social components and will comply with the
suggestions given by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and
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Punjab Pollution Control Board (PPCB). In this regard, SCL has a well laid down Environment
Policy which was approved by their Board of Directors.
9.1.2 Planning
This includes identification of environmental impacts, and setting environmental objectives.
SCL is committed to follow the said plan in letter and in spirit. Pollution control arrangements/
mitigation measures for different types/sources of pollution.
9.1.3 Implementation
The company believes in preservation of the Environment and will install and will ensure
efficient operation of its pollution control equipment/systems. Company will ensure that
trained manpower is available for operating, maintaining and documenting the effective
environmental operations.
9.1.4 EHS Management System
For the effective implementation of the mitigation measures and consistent functioning of
the project, an EHS Management System has been adopted by SCL. The EMS includes the
following:
• EHS Management Group
• Environmental Monitoring Program
• Environment, Safety, Health & Affairs Guidelines
• Personnel Training
• Regular Environmental Audits and Corrective Action Plan
• Documentation – Standard operating procedures of EHS
• Plans and other records
9.1.5 Environmental Management Records
SCL will maintain a well-established system of records to demonstrate compliance with the
environmental performance management system and the extent of achievement of the
environmental objectives and targets. In addition to the other records (legislative, audit and
review reports), management records shall address the following:
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• Details of failure in compliance and corrective action
• Details of incidents and corrective action
• Details of complaints and follow-up action
• Appropriate contractor and supplier information
• Inspection and maintenance reports
• Product identification and composition data
• Monitoring data
• Environmental training records
• Housekeeping
9.1.6 Environmental Management Plan Structure
This EMP is designed as an overriding document in a hierarchy of control plans, and sets out
the overarching framework of environmental management principles that will be applied to
the project during preconstruction, construction and operation phase of the project.
The EMP contains guiding environmental principles and procedures for communication,
reporting, training, monitoring and plan review to which all staff, contractors and
subcontractors are required to comply with throughout the preconstruction, construction
and operation phases of the proposed quality improvement program.
A robust environmental monitoring and compliance adherence process have been
established by SCL across their facilities. Similarly the Environmental Management activities
will be implemented by the support staff of dedicated environmental management cell
headed by a Manager.
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Figure 9-1 Environmental Management Cell
9.1.7 Measurement and Evaluation
This includes monitoring of implementation of the mitigation measures, corrective actions
and record keeping. Appropriate mitigation measures have been recommended to minimize
the impact on the environmental and social parameters.
9.1.8 Record Keeping and Reporting
Record keeping and reporting of performance is an important management tool for ensuring
sustainable operation of the proposed manufacturing unit. Records will be maintained for
regulatory, monitoring and operational.
9.2 Environment Management during Construction Phase
During construction phase, the construction activities like excavation, leveling, grading and
transportation of the construction material may cause impacts on the surroundings for a
shorter period within a limited time. However, the constructional phase impacts are
temporary and localised phenomena except the permanent change in local landscape and
land use pattern of the project site.
Chief of Operations
EHS Head
Plant Operators
Contract Labours
Environmental Lab Chemists
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9.2.1 Site Preparation
A site specific construction environmental management manual should be developed and
implemented across the site during the construction period. The nominated contractors and
construction groups should be responsible for the implementation of construction
environmental management programme.
The total area acquired for the project is 22.80 acres. The proposed project land is barren and
is covered with deep loamy soil. During construction activities and clearance of the project
site, no loss to the natural local flora is expected as the proposed site has only few grass
species. Therefore cutting of trees for the construction of the facilities within the proposed
project site are not envisaged. The applicable Construction and Demolition waste Rules 2016
will be adopted during the construction phase of the project. Since the land is barren without
settlements demolition activities are not envisaged.
During dry weather conditions, dust may be generated by activities like excavation and
transportation through unpaved roads. The dust will be suppressed using water sprinkling
and may continue after completion of construction. SCL shall make provision for the water
sprinklers at the construction areas for dust suppression.
SCL shall follow the MoEF&CC notification on Construction and Demolition Waste
Management Rules, 2016 dated March 29, 2016 for proper collection, transportation &
disposal/recycling of the construction and demolition waste. As per these regulations, the
following management plan has been recommended:
• Segregating construction and demolition waste and disposing to the authorized
processing facilities and landfill sites.
• Waste shall be collected and stored in confined areas within the project area before
disposing to authorized vendors without disposing onto open public areas in the
vicinity of the plant.
• A site specific waste management plan shall be adopted to establish the possible type
of waste that can be generated from the activity during the construction phase and
recycling vendors will be identified for reuse, recycling or safe disposal.
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• Construction waste shall be segregated into four streams such as concrete, soil, steel,
wood and plastics, bricks and mortar, In addition waste material associated asbestos
will be collected separately and will be disposed to authorized waste disposal centers.
9.2.2 Air Quality Management during Construction Phase
The activities like site development, grading and vehicular traffic contribute to PM, SO2 and
NOx concentrations. The mitigation measures recommended to minimize the impacts are as
follows;
• Dust suppression systems (water spraying) to be adopted at sites while undergoing
construction activities that involve dust generation such as loading/ unloading of
construction materials etc.
• Water sprinkling on roads shall be done to reduce the dust emission due to the
construction activity and vehicular movement.
• Asphalting the approach road to the project facilities.
• Compacting all unconsolidated surfaces where practicable.
• Keeping unpaved roads and exposed surfaces damp at all times.
• Stabilizing all exposed surfaces and cleared areas that are not immediately required
for construction.
• Limiting vehicle speeds on unsealed surfaces to 20 km/h in all areas.
• Limiting load sizes of the vehicles to avoid spillages.
• While loading trucks, materials shall be dropped from as low as possible within the
tray of the truck.
• Implementing proper upkeep and maintenance of vehicles, Pollution under Control
(PUC) certified vehicles will be used for transporting machinery and materials.
• Installing windbreak fences where practicable.
9.2.3 Noise Level Management during Construction Phase
Operation of construction equipment and vehicular traffic will contribute to the increased
noise level. Since the land acquired for the proposed project is plain no blasting operations
that generate high level of noise are envisaged. Recommended management measures are:
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• High noise generating equipment, if used, shall be limited to day time (8am – 5pm) to
avoid any discomfort to the nearby residents.
• Earmuffs shall be provided to the workers and their use by workers shall be enforced
• In the event construction noise levels at the facility boundary exceed the industrial
limit of 70 dBA, temporary noise barriers would be installed to minimise the overall
noise related impacts on the neighbouring areas due to construction activities.
9.2.4 Water Quality Management during Construction Phase
The wash water from vehicle/construction equipment maintenance centre will contribute to
oil and grease concentration. The wastewater from labour colony will contribute to BOD
concentrations. The mitigation measures recommended to minimize the impacts are:
• No onsite construction vehicle maintenance and washing activities will be undertaken.
• Oil and grease trap at standby site DG set will be provided.
• As far as possible work-force will be sourced from the local areas. Packaged Sewage
Treatment Plant (STP)/septic tanks to treat sanitary waste at temporary construction
workers’ colony shall be provided.
9.2.5 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
Small time waste generators are required to collect the respective wastes in dedicated
containers which will be further collected by the nominated waste management company for
further disposal to municipal waste disposal facilities.
The hazardous materials used during the construction may include petrol, diesel, welding gas
and paints. Construction sites handle small quantities of lube oils and diesel for running the
machine powered construction equipment. In order to avoid soil contamination due to
accidental spills, it has been recommended to provide spill absorbing material at the
construction site and the contaminated soil should be excavated and these materials shall be
stored, and disposed of to hazardous waste disposal sites according to the guidelines
specified.
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9.2.6 Ecological Aspects
During construction activities and clearance of the project site, no loss to the natural local
flora is expected as the proposed site has only few grass species. However, during
transportation of materials and machineries for construction, local flora of nearby areas may
get disturbed temporarily. The best available technologies that ameliorate the negative
impacts of the project on the local vegetation and wildlife should be incorporated into the
construction designs. Workers deployed during construction activities should be sensitized
about ecology.
9.3 Environmental Management Plan during Operational Phase
During the operation phase, the impacts on various environmental attributes should be
mitigated using appropriate pollution control equipment. The Environmental Management
Plan prepared for the proposed project aims at minimizing the pollution at source.
Operational phase environmental management plan includes the following:
✓ Air quality Management Plan
✓ Noise Management Plan
✓ Water and Wastewater Management
✓ Solid and Hazardous Waste Disposal Management
✓ Storm Water Management Plan and
✓ Ecological/Biodiversity Improvement Plan
✓ Community Development Plan
9.3.1 Air Quality Management Plan
The major sources of air pollution from the proposed project and the most likely residual
impacts on the air environment have been discussed in the Chapter 4 of EIA report.
9.3.1.1 Emissions from Boilers
Air quality modeling was undertaken for the proposed boiler (2 X 5 TPH) out of which one
boiler will be a standby. The modeling was carried out for worst case scenario and based on
the predicted GLC results obtained it was concluded that impact due to SO2, NOx and PM is
very insignificant as SCL is proposing to use Bio-briquettes as fuel for the boiler. Emissions
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from bio mass fired boilers will be considerably lower when compared to the emissions from
the coal fired boilers. However, following management plan will be adopted in the plant
during the operational phase of the facility.
Reduction of Emissions at Source
Due to the utilization of bio-briquettes of sulphur content < 0.1% and ash content of about 13
% the emissions envisaged from the proposed boilers will be significantly low
As per the draft notification published by MoEF&CC dated 29th January 2018, SO2 and NOx
emissions from boilers shall be in the order of 600 mg/nm3 and 300 mg/Nm3 respectively.
Based on the material balance data, it is estimated that the proposed biomass boiler will meet
the prescribed standards.
The emissions limit prescribed by CPCB is 800 mg/Nm3 for boilers of capacity 2 TPH to 10 TPH.
Multiclone dust collector is proposed for the control of PM concentration from the boilers.
Adequate stacks of minimum height 30 m will be proposed for the efficient dispersion of
pollutants. At no circumstances the emissions will exceed the discharge standards prescribed
by CPCB for SO2, NOx and PM.
9.3.1.2 Emissions from DG sets
High Speed Diesel will be used for the proposed DG sets of capacity 3 X 1000 KVA. DG sets are
proposed as standby for power backup. Therefore the emissions will be insignificant. As per
the MoEF&CC notification dated 11th December 2013, the emission limits for new diesel
engine upto 800 KW is <4.0 g/KW-hr, <3.5 g/KW-hr and <0.2 g/KW-hr for NOx + HC, CO and
PM respectively. At no circumstances the emissions will exceed the discharge standards
prescribed by CPCB. Following management plan will be adopted at site to minimize the
impacts due to emissions from DG sets.
• Use of DG sets will be kept minimum, only as a power backup during emergencies.
• Location of DG sets will be kept by keeping in view, the predominant wind direction in
order to reduce the impacts on the nearby villages.
• Stack height for DG sets will be kept in accordance with CPCB norms (minimum of 30
m height)
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• Proper maintenance of efficient functioning of DG sets will be ensured to to minimize
the exhaust.
9.3.1.3 Emissions from Incinerator
SCL is proposing to install an incinerator to dispose various wastes generated during the
operation phase such as process Residue & wastes, Spent Catalyst/ Spent Carbon, Date
expired, discarded & off-specification drugs/medicines, Filters & filter material with organic
liquids in them, e.g. mineral oil, synthetic oil and organic chlorine compounds and Distillation
residue from contaminated organic solvents. SCL is exploring the possibilities of co-processing
the process residues in the cement kiln as per the provisions of Hazardous Waste
Management (HWM) Rules 2016 to minimize the burning of wastes in Incinerator. The
emissions from the incinerator greatly vary based on the composition of the input wastes.
The following management plan will be adopted/recommended to reduce emissions from the
proposed incinerator;
• As per the CPCB guidelines for Hazardous Waste Incinerators, Pollution control
systems shall be installed to meet the prescribed emission standards for incinerators.
• Regulatory limits for pollutant emissions from incinerator
• The combinations of treatment units such as scrubbers will be installed for gas
cleaning and removal of air pollutants, to comply with the standards.
• However, wet pollution control system such as fabric filters is recommended because
of their superior fine-particle-emission and metal-emission control efficiencies and
their ability to produce a dry residue rather than a scrubber wastewater stream.
• NOx emissions can be reduced by combustion-furnace designs, combustion-process
modifications, or add-on controls.
• Carbon Adsorption technique is effective for absorbing wide range of vapor phase
organic- carbon compounds including dioxins, furans and mercury.
• The design and operation of incinerators should achieve desired temperatures,
residence times, and other conditions necessary to destroy pathogens, minimize
emissions, avoid clinker formation and slagging of the ash.
• Good combustion practice (GCP) elements also should be followed to control dioxin
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and furan emissions.
• The location of an incinerator can significantly affect dispersion of the plume from the
chimney, which in turn affects ambient concentrations therefore appropriate buffer
distance should be provided from the receptive environment to avoid impacts on
nearby residential areas.
• Stack of adequate height will be provided for the efficient dispersion of pollutants.
• Reliable Continuous Emission Monitoring (CEM) for various applicable parameters will
be installed to monitor the emission levels from the incinerator during operation.
• Proper maintenance of incinerator will be scheduled and the records for the same will
be maintained.
9.3.1.4 Process Emissions
Based on the material balance data and also solvent balance as presented in the Table 4.8,
Chapter 4 of EIA report, it can be observed that various solvents will be used during the
manufacturing process mainly for purification. Therefore solvent emissions will be controlled
as normal operating procedures while recovering maximum solvent for reuse and recycling.
In order to avoid any further release of solvent vapours from the reactors, dryers, centrifuge
etc, if any, then tail gas VOC condensers will be installed with chilled water and brine water
systems depending on the condensation properties of the respective VOC compounds.
Cl2, NH3, and HBr emissions generated during the process will be controlled by three (3) Nos
of scrubbers proposed. Adequate stacks are proposed for the respective scrubbers.
9.3.1.5 Fugitive Emissions
Since coal usage for boilers is not proposed for the boiler, the fugitive dust emissions from
coal handling will not be envisaged. Bio briquettes will be stored at dedicated covered sheds.
However following management plan shall be adopted to reduce fugitive emissions during
the operation;
• Developing of greenbelt around the plant boundary will control the fugitive emissions
generated at the site.
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• The sprinkling of water will be done along the internal roads in the plant in order to
control the dust arising due to the movement of vehicular traffic
• Unloading of bio-briquette trucks will be carried out with proper care. It is advisable
to moisten the material by sprinkling water while unloading, handling and during
storage
• Adequate numbers of water sprinkling system at bio briquette storage yard will be
installed.
9.3.2 Noise Management Plan
• The specifications for procuring major noise generating machines/ equipment shall
include built-in design requirements to have minimum noise levels meeting
Occupational Safety and Health Association (OSHA) requirement
• Appropriate noise barriers/shields, silencers etc will be provided in the equipment,
wherever feasible.
• Noise from DG set shall be controlled by providing an acoustic enclosure.
• The acoustic enclosure or acoustic treatment of the room shall be designed for
minimum 25 dB (A) insertion loss or for meeting the ambient noise standards,
whichever is on the higher side.
• The DG set shall be provided with proper exhaust muffler with insertion loss of
minimum 25 dB (A).
• A proper routine and preventive maintenance procedure for the DG set should be set
and followed in consultation with the DG set manufacturer which would help prevent
noise levels of the DG set from deteriorating with use.
• Installation of DG set must be strictly in compliance with the recommendations of the
DG set manufacturer.
• Ear plugs will be provided to workmen working near high noise generating sources
• Adequate greenbelt around the plant will further attenuate noise levels.
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9.3.3 Water and Wastewater Management
9.3.3.1 Water Conservation
Total water requirement for the proposed project is 328 m3/day out of which, about
150m3/day of fresh water is required for the proposed project which will be sourced from
Ground Water. SCL has applied for the permission to draw Ground Water from the concerned
CGWB and state ground water departments. Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system is proposed
and about 95% of the wastewater will be reused in the plant by installing ZLD facilities.
Zero Liquid discharge involves installation of facilities and system which will enable industrial
effluent for absolute recycling of permeate and converting solute (dissolved organic and in-
organic compounds/salts) into residue in the solid form by adopting method of concentration
and thermal evaporation. ZLD system comprises of primary, secondary and membrane
treatment facilities followed by multiple effect evaporators. Recovered water will be used for
boilers, cooling tower and domestic applications.
According to the FDA (Food and Drug Association) rules it is not permitted to use recycled
water in the production of API & intermediates hence the minimization of fresh water
consumption to the further levels may not be feasible. However various water conservation
programs will be adopted to further minimize the usage of freshwater.
9.3.3.2 Wastewater Management
Total effluent generated in the plant will be segregated into two streams (Low TDS/Low COD,
HIGH TDS/ High COD). Total wastewater generated will be 193 m3/day.
Stream 1 (High TDS/High COD)
High TDS/High COD from process of about 79 m3/day & RO reject effluent of 36 m3/day will
be treated in Multi Effect Evaporator (MEE) with stripper after neutralization. MEE distillate
of 110 m3/day will be treated in ETP plant & concentrate of MEE will be sent to Agitated Thin
Film Dryer (ATFD). The distillate of ATFD will be sent to ETP whereas the dried powder
collected from the bottom of ATFD will be collected in the printed hazardous waste bags &
sent to PPCB authorized site at Ramky Enviro Engineers Limited (REEL), Nimbua.
Stream 2 (Low TDS/Low COD)
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LTDS/Low COD effluent (from utilities & domestic activities) of about 114 m3/day along with
MEE distillate of 110 m3/day will be treated in Effluent Treatment Plant followed by Reverse
Osmosis (RO) Plant. Permeate collected from membrane system will be reused for boiler feed
water & cooling tower makeup. Reject of RO plant will be treated in Multi Effect Evaporator
(MEE).
Therefore it is evident that the proposed wastewater treatment system will not discharge any
treated wastewater from the system and thus adopts ZLD.
9.3.3.3 Wastewater Treatment Facilities
SCL proposes to install following wastewater treatment facilities;
1. Biological Effluent Treatment Plant
2. Multiple Effect Evaporator
3. R.O Plant
A biological effluent treatment plant of capacity 300 m3/day and an MEE of capacity 150
m3/day are proposed for the treatment of wastewater generated during the post project
scenario.
Proposed Biological Effluent Treatment Plant
The low TDS effluent treatment plant consists of;
❖ Common effluent collection tank (LTDS from utilities and domestic effluent) – 1 No,
18 KL
❖ Oil and grease trap – 3 Nos, 3 KL each
❖ Equalization tank – 1 No, 50 KL
❖ Flash mixer- 1 No, 600 Litres
❖ Alum and Polyelectrolyte Dosing tank- 1 No, 3.24 KL with 3 Nos dosing pumps and 3
Nos dosing tanks.
❖ Primary tube settler- 1 No, 4 KL
❖ Anaerobic tank
❖ Two Aeration tanks- 2 Nos ( Primary aeration tank, 150 KL and Secondary aeration
tank, 100 KL)
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❖ Two nos. of Secondary tube settlers – 2 Nos, 4 KL
❖ Pressure sand filter, Activated Carbon filter - 2 Nos, 2000 mm each
❖ Sludge drying beds for dewatering of sludge generated from biological treatment- 3
Nos.
Wastewater from different production units and domestic effluent will be collected in the
common effluent collection tank through the bar screen. Wastewater from common effluent
tank will be pumped to oil and grease trap where oil and grease will be separated out from
the effluent. The effluent will be then sent to equalization tank for proper mixing of all effluent
and will be further passed to primary, secondary and tertiary treatments for removal of
impurities like BOD, COD, color etc. The wastewater stream entering the aeration tank will be
free of grease, scum, rags, sticks, floatables, and other debris. Air will be circulated in aeration
tanks through diffusers to maintain dissolved oxygen & mixed liquor. Treated wastewater will
be then collected in final treated water collection tank.
The treated wastewater from collection tank will be routed to the Tertiary Treatment Units,
which comprises of Pressure sand Filter (PSF) followed by Activated Carbon Filter (ACF).
Pressure Sand Filter will be provided for reduction of turbidity and suspended solids.
Activated Carbon Filter will be provided for reduction of residual organics.
R.O. Plant
The treated effluent from filters will be treated through two stages R.O. system. The dual
media filtered effluent will be pumped into the micron cartridge filter which acts as a guard
filter to take care of any particulate matter present in feed water due to storage in the filtered
water storage tank. Micron cartridge filter helps in removal suspended solids of micron rating
higher the 5 Micron size. This is to maintain longevity of the life of RO membranes.
The filtered water is dosed with anti-scalant to avoid calcium and magnesium scaling on the
membranes. The dosing rate is normally 3 to 5 ppm. The filtered effluent is then dosed with
Sodium Meta-Bisulphite for removal of chlorine along with organics, color and odor present,
if any. The dosing rate is normally 3 to 5 ppm.
Reverse Osmosis System-I
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The filtered effluent from micron filter is further passed through Reverse Osmosis Membrane
at a designed high pressure enabling removal of dissolved ions. The type of high-pressure
pump is multistage centrifugal. The total dissolved solids (TDS) are removed with spiral wound
membranes with the designed feed flow at particular designed high pressure. The liquid
passes through membrane where in the dissolved ions are trapped in membrane due to
membrane pore size smaller than size of the ions. The trapped ions passes out of the
membrane in the form of Reject Flow and treated water passes through central tube of
membrane as permeate or product flow. Prior to feed into membranes the effluent will be
conditioned with chemical dosing system.
Reverse Osmosis System-II
The reject from the reverse osmosis system-I is further passed to the reverse osmosis system
II through booster pump at a design pressure with high pressure pump for increasing the
recovery rate of the plant. The reject of the same (high TDS) will be sent to MEE for further
treatment. Whereas the R.O. permeate will be utilized as cooling tower makeup and boiler
feed water.
High TDS Effluent Treatment System
The treatment of High TDS effluent consists;
❖ Four Storage tanks
❖ Neutralization tank
❖ Feed tank
❖ Stripper column to remove VOC
❖ Multi stages forced circulation Multi Effect Evaporator followed by ATFD.
The MEE condensate will be sent to Low TDS effluent treatment plant for further treatment.
MEE concentrate will be treated in ATFD and salt/sludge will be collected and stored in
Hazardous waste storage room and the same will be sent to TSDF Nimbuan. The flow diagram
for the proposed effluent treatment plant and ZLD is presented in the Figure 9.3.
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Figure 9-2 Proposed Effluent Treatment Plant and Zero Liquid Discharge System
High TDS Collection
Tank
Neutralization tank
Stripper Incinerator Low Boiler
Multiple Effect Evaporators
Conc Tank ATFD
Low TDS Collection
Tank 18m3
Oil & Grease
Tank Equalization tank
Primary Tube Settler
Oil & Grease
Tank
Primary Aeration Tank-1
TSDF
Condensate
Secondary Tube Settler-1
Secondary Aeration Tank
Secondary Tube Settler-2
Sludge
Sludge Sludge to sludge drying bed
Collection
Tank
SF
ACF RO
Permeate to Boiler, Cooling Tower & Domestic
Reject
TSDF
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9.3.4 Solid and Hazardous Waste Management
9.3.4.1 Solid Waste Management
Solid waste such as office waste, battery waste, e-waste will be generated from the
operations. Solid wastes generated are as follows;
Waste Post Project (TPA)
Cord board 10
Wooden Pallets 20
Packing materials 5
Central solid waste (non-hazardous waste) collection and segregation facilities shall be
developed as per SWM Rules 2016 and shall be disposed to recycling vendors. As per MSW
Rules 2016, composting facilities shall be installed to convert organic waste such as green
waste, canteen waste etc into manure.
Also apart from the above solid waste generated, about 5 TPD of fly ash will be generated
from boilers and the same shall be disposed to local brick manufacturing facilities.
By products Generation
By products generated during the manufacturing process includes the following;
1. NaBr (4 TPD) during the manufacturing process of Para Nitro Benzyl Alcohol (PNBA)
2. NaBr (0.6 TPD) during the manufacturing process of Acetoxy Ethyl Bromide
3. NaBr (1.5 TPD) during the manufacturing process of Para nitro benzyl bromide
(PNBBr)
Similar to the existing practices at SCL plant at Saidpura Plant, Unit-1, the above by products
that are envisaged from the proposed greenfield project will be sold to authorized vendors,
M/s Bromos Organics, Lalru, Punjab
9.3.4.2 Hazardous Waste Management
The hazardous waste generated from the project and the disposal methods proposed are
detailed in the Table 4.12, Chapter 4 of EIA report.
❖ Used/spent oil under category No. 5.1 will be sold to PPCB Authorized Recycler.
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❖ Discarded containers/barrels/liners under category No. 33.1 will be either sold to
authorized vendors or will be reused after decontaminating in the ETP plant.
❖ An incinerator of capacity 100 kg/hr is proposed to incinerate following
solid/hazardous wastes;
1. Process Residue & wastes under category No. 28.1
2. Spent Catalyst/ Spent Carbon under category No. 28.3
3. Date expired, discarded & off-specification drugs/medicines under category No.
28.4 & 28.5
4. Filters & filter material with have organic liquids in them, e.g. mineral oil, synthetic
oil and organic chlorine compounds under category No. 36.2
5. Distillation residue from contaminated organic solvents under category No. 38.1.
❖ The ash collected from incinerator will be collected in printed hazardous waste bags
& stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste store room.
❖ Also the sludge under category No. 35.3 collected from waste water treatment in ETP
(Low TDS/Low COD) & salt collected through Multi Effect Evaporator plant will be
stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste room.
❖ The incinerated ash (category No. 37.2) & ETP Sludge/MEE Salt (category No. 35.3) will
be transported to Government approved land fill site M/s Ramky Enviro Engineers
Limited (REEL), Nimbua for further treatment & disposal. SCL is an approved member
of REEL.
❖ SCL is exploring the possibilities of co-processing the process residues in the cement
kiln as per the provisions of Hazardous Waste Management (HWM) Rules 2016. Hence
the expression of Interest has been obtained from GEPIL (Cement Industry) for co-
processing the hazardous waste generated from the facility.
❖ Hazardous Waste Authorization shall be obtained from Punjab State Pollution Control
Board for the handling and disposal of hazardous waste.
9.4 Rainwater Harvesting
As per the Public Notice dated 04-01-2017 by Central Ground Water Authority, Ministry of
Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, all existing, new and
expansion Industries/projects extracting ground water should obtain permission from Central
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Ground Water Authority subject to law in force. As per the Central Ground Water Authority
guidelines/criteria for evaluation of proposals/requests for GW abstraction (with effect from
16.11.2015), various conditions have to be met for the abstraction of GW in the over exploited
areas. SCL has already proposed to adopt complete reuse and recycling programs.The GW
recharge shall be implemented within the plant. As per these guidelines, SCL shall
demonstrate storm water recharge programs to the tune of two times that of the annual
usage. As per the CGWB guidelines, storm water recharge programs will be undertaken in the
neighboring areas to harness 200 % of fresh water use (1,00,000 m3/year of rain water. With
regards to the above the feasibility of rain water harvesting in the proposed project site is
studied.
9.4.1 Feasibility of Rainwater Harvesting in the Project Site
For studying the feasibility of rainwater harvesting within the project site, 5 years monthly
normal rainfall was considered. The pre and post project runoff from the project site is
estimated based on Rational method. The Co-efficient used to estimate the runoff from the
different surfaces are as follows. The co-efficient are considered are as per the MoEF&CC and
CGWA Guidelines.
Roof Area - 0.95
Asphalt and Paved Area - 0.85
Green Belt Area - 0.20
Open and Vacant Area - 0.30
Volume of rainwater that can be collected from the project site has been estimated for the
monthly normal rainfall.Vacant & Green belt area, Roof top area and paved area of the project
site have been separated for the run off estimation and conservation measures have been
suggested. The details of various areas are as follows
Description Total area in Sq.m
Roof Area 34398 Asphalt / Paved area 1100 Green belt, Lawn 30351 Open area / Vacant Area 23788 Total Area 89637
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9.4.1.1 Pre Construction Runoff
Rational method has been used to estimate the runoff for the project site. As the site is an
undisturbed land the volume of water that is being generated after natural recharge is about
15560 m3/Year. The calculation is presented in the form of Table 9.1
Table 9-1 Pre Construction Run Off Estimation
Pre Project Runoff
Month Rainfall (mm)
Area in Sq.m
Runoff Coefficient
Monthly Pre Project Runoff in m3
January 26.4 89637 0.3 709
February 21.9 89637 0.3 588
March 2.8 89637 0.3 75
April 8.4 89637 0.3 226
May 20.4 89637 0.3 548
June 83.3 89637 0.3 2239
July 167.3 89637 0.3 4499
August 132.8 89637 0.3 3571
September 95.1 89637 0.3 2558
October 7.1 89637 0.3 190
November 0.4 89637 0.3 11
December 12.9 89637 0.3 346
Total Annual Pre Project Runoff in Cum 15560
9.4.1.2 Post Construction Run Off
The same rainfall and the land area have been taken up for the estimation of runoff for the
prediction from the project site. As the vacant exposed land would be converted in to build
up land, the natural recharge that had taken place during the pre-construction period would
not occur and hence there would be meager infiltration. The losses such as, Percolation,
evaporation and other unforeseen loses has been considered. Post – construction runoff from
different surfaces are presented in Table 9.2
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Table 9-2 Post Construction Run off Estimation
Predicted Runoff from the Project Site Location Area (Sq m)
Runoff Coefficient
Roof Area (m²) 34398 0.95
Asphalt area and Paved area (m²)
1100 0.85
Green belt Area (m²) 30351 0.2
Open area (m²) 23788 0.3
Month Rainfall in
(mm)
Runoff Roof area
(m3)
Runoff Asphalt /
Paved area (m3)
Runoff Green
belt area (m3)
Runoff Open area (m3)
Total Monthly
Runoff (m3)
January 26.4 862 25 160 188 2285
February 21.9 714 20 133 156 1893
March 38.7 1266 36 235 276 3355
April 8.4 274 8 51 60 727
May 20.4 666 19 124 145 1765
June 83.3 2721 78 506 594 7215
July 167.3 5467 156 1016 1194 14494
August 132.8 4340 124 806 948 11505
September 95.1 3108 89 577 679 8240
October 7.1 231 7 43 50 612
November 0.4 13 0 2 3 34
December 12.9 420 12 78 92 1114
TOTAL 614.6 20083 575 3731 4386 53244
Total Predicted Annual Runoff from Different Surfaces in m3 53244
Total Predicted Post project runoff from the project site is –53244 m3/Year. This quantity is
not adequate to meet the CGB guidelines. Therefore community level ground water recharge
programs shall be adopted in an area of about 40 acres to capture about 110,000 m3/year,
which is equivalent to the annual fresh water consumption in the proposed plant.
9.4.2 Rain Water Harvesting
There is a lot of surface and subsurface recharging measures available depending upon the
site conditions. The specific recharge measures should be selected depending on the soil
characteristics, lithology and nature of the aquifer material, pre and post monsoon ground
water level and so on. As the ground water level is moderately deep, proposal for roof top
collection and recharge shaft with bore well in the storm water drain has been recommended.
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According to the slope of the roof the sump location has been identified. The roof area and
the normal monthly rainfall have been considered for designing the capacity of the sump. The
estimation of runoff from the project site has been assessed. Based on vacant, roof top area
and the monthly rainfall and runoff, the storage structures and percolation pond with
recharge tube well have been contemplated.
9.4.2.1 Conservation measures
Roof top collection:
The roof water collection is estimated as 17869 m3/Year.
4 sumps with a total capacity of 200 m3 have been suggested to capture the roof water. Each
sump size is 5m X 4m X 2.5m. Rainwater that is been generated from the roof is proposed to
pass through a filter media. The proposed filter media is multiplayer vertical filters. The size
of the filter media is as follows: The size of the multiplayer vertical filter is 2m X 2m X 0.9m.
The outlet pipes from the roof area are connected with 115 mm dia PVC pipe allowing the
water to pass through the filter media before storing in the sump. The proposed rain water
harvesting scheme is presented in the Table 9.3
Table 9-3 Rainwater Harvesting Scheme for the Proposed Project Site
Rainwater Harvesting scheme for the proposed site - Roof top Collection
Location Area
(sq m) Runoff Coefficient
Total Roof Area 34398 0.95 Actual Sump Capacity m3 200
Harvestable water m3 20083
Water harvested m3 2213
Surplus outflow from Sump m3 17869
Month Rain fall (mm) Harvestable Water (m3)
Sump Storage
(m3)
Surplus out flow from Sump (m3)
January 26.4 862 200 662
February 21.9 714 200 514
March 38.7 1266 200 1066
April 8.4 274 200 74
May 20.4 666 200 466
June 83.3 2721 200 2521
July 167.3 5467 200 5267
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August 132.8 4340 200 4140
September 95.1 3108 200 2908
October 7.1 231 200 31
November 0.4 13 13 0
December 12.9 420 200 220
TOTAL 614.6 20082 2213 17869
The surplus runoff after roof top collection and from the green belt, asphalt area has been
estimated for Plant area
Surplus runoff after roof top collection –17869 m3/Year
Runoff from Asphalt area - 575 m3/Year
Runoff from Green belt area - 3731 m3/Year
Runoff from Open area - 4386 m3/Year
Total runoff - 26561 m3/Year
Rainwater harvesting can be affected by way of providing recharge shaft with bore well in the
storm water drain. 5 numbers of recharge shaft with bore well in the storm water drain have
been recommended.
Recharge shaft with bore well to a depth of 15 m is recommended in the Storm water drain
(The location map is enclosed). The size of the recharge shaft may 3m length X 3width and
3m depth. In the center of the recharge shaft a bore well with a dia of 6 inches may to drilled
and perforated pipes are inserted to facilitate the vertical and horizontal movement of ground
water. The Recharge shaft with bore well not only recharges the shallow water table aquifer
but also the deeper fractured aquifer.
9.5 Ecology and Biodiversity Plan
A comprehensive greenbelt programme, shall improve the ecological condition of the area.
9.5.1 Greenbelt Development & Plantation Programme
Implementation of afforestation programme is of paramount importance for any industrial
development. In addition to augmenting the present vegetation, it will also check soil erosion,
make the eco-system more complex and functionally more stable, make the climate more
conducive and restore water balance. It may also be employed to bring areas with special
problems under vegetal cover and prevent further land deterioration. The main objective of
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the green belt is to provide a barrier between the plant and the surrounding areas. The green
belt helps to capture the fugitive emissions and to attenuate the noise generated in the plant,
apart from improving the aesthetics of the plant site.
Geometry of planting of trees is more important in order to have effective wind break by the
plantation. For an effective greenbelt, a mixture of tree species is necessary and some shrubs
and grasses shall be inter-cropped. As far as possible, there shall be no gaps in the greenbelt.
Where opening is imperative, alignments to the roads shall be such that open gaps are
prevented to overcome funnelling action of wind. The main purpose of greenbelt
development is to contribute to the following factors:
❖ To attenuate noise levels generated from the plant;
❖ To trap the vehicular emissions and fugitive dust emissions;
❖ To act as pollution sink for gaseous emissions;
❖ To maintain ecological balance;
❖ To prevent soil erosion and to protect the natural vegetation;
❖ To improve the aesthetics of the plant area.
As per the recommendations from CPCB, 33% of the total project site will be developed for
green belt. Since the acquired land for the proposed project is 22.80 acres, about 7.5 acres
will be allocated for green belt development. The selection of tree species suitable for
plantation at chemical plant shall be governed by guiding factors as stated below:
❖ The trees should be tolerant to air pollutants present in the area;
❖ Local species will be preferred;
❖ The trees should be fast growing and indigenous and should maintain ecological, land
and hydrological balance of the region;
❖ It is also recommended to plant few trees, which are sensitive to air pollution, as air
pollution indicator;
❖ It is also recommended to carry out extensive plantation within premises.
As per the CPCB guidelines for the development of green belt, the study area belongs to zone
Trans Gangetic Plain, sub zone foot hills of Shivalik and Himalayas and the following are some
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of the recommended tree species for green belt with respect to the area of the proposed
project site.
Table 9-4 The list of suitable tree species for green belt development
S No. Scientific names Common names
1 Aegle marmelos Bel
2 Albizzia lebbeck Siris
3 Azardiraccta indica Neem
4 Bauhinia variegata Kachnar
5 Cassia fistula Amaltas
6 Dalbergia sissoo Shisham
7 Ficus bengalensis Bargad
8 Ficus religiosa Pipal
9 Mangifera indica Aam
10 Melia azadirach Bakain
11 Polyalthia longifolia Ashok
12 Syzygium cumini Jamun
13 Tamarindus indica Imli
14 Tectona grandis Teak
15 Terminalia arjuna Arjun
9.5.2 Conservation Plan for Pavo cristatus
The Indian Peafowl (Pavo cristatus) also known as blue peafowl is the national bird of India. It
is found in forests, but can also live in cultivated regions and around human habitations. The
Indian Peafowl has been integral part of the people of India and their culture for centuries.
From religion and mythology to civilization and socio-culture, the Indian Peafowl occupies an
important place in the lives of the people. In addition to this, Indian Peafowl is well recognized
for its ecological and aesthetical values and hence aptly declared as the ‘National Bird’ of India
in the year 1963.
Description
The Indian peafowl or blue peafowl is a large and brightly colored bird of the pheasant family
native to South Asia. The male peacock is predominantly blue with a fan-like crest of spatula-
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tipped wire-like feathers and is best known for the long train made up of elongated upper-
tail covert feathers which bear colorful eyespots. The female lacks the train. Their loud calls
make them easy to detect, and in forest areas often indicate the presence of a predator such
as a tiger.
Taxonomy
Kingdom : Animalia Phylum : Chordata Class : Aves Order : Galliformes Family : Phasianidae Genus : Pavo Species : cristatus
Habitat and Ecology
These birds are found in moist and dry-deciduous forests, but can adapt to live in cultivated
regions and around human habitations. They are usually found where water is available. In
many parts of northern India, they are protected by religious practices and will forage around
villages and towns for scraps.
Peafowl forage on the ground in small groups, known as musters that usually have a cock and
3 to 5 hens. The Indian peafowl is found mainly on the ground in open forest or on land under
cultivation. It is an omnivorous bird. Its diet consists of small mammals like mice, reptiles like
lizards and snakes, amphibians, arthropods like insects, ticks, termites, ants, locusts and
scorpions. Its diet also includes seeds, fruit, vegetables, flowers, leaves, and minnows in
shallow streams. Around cultivated areas, peafowl feed on a wide range of crops such as
groundnut, tomato, paddy, chilly, and even bananas. Peacocks are polygamous, and the
breeding season is spread out but appears to be dependent on the rains.
Threats
Poaching of peacocks for their meat and feathers and accidental poisoning by feeding on
pesticide treated seeds are known threats. Peacock feathers are always in demand for
commercial purposes (handicrafts, etc.) and are the main threat to its survival. At some
places, the birds are nuisance to agriculture as they damage crops. However, the beneficial
role it plays by consuming prodigious quantities of pests such as grasshoppers. They can also
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be a problem in gardens and homes where they damage plants, attack their reflections
breaking glass and mirrors, perch and scratch cars etc.
Conservation Status
The peafowl is recognized as scheduled-1 species under Wildlife Protection Act, 1972 in India.
However it has ‘Least Concern’ status as per IUCN Red List (v 3.1).
Conservation Measures & Action plan
For conservation of Peafowl following measures can be adopted:
• Mapping of habitat and distribution status of the species around the plant site;
• Time series analysis of habitat change to quantify the rate of change and identify high
risk areas and potential sites for further affirmative action;
• Encourage afforestation activities around and close to peafowl habitation. The selection
of plant species should be based on requirements of peafowl roosting, food and shelter;
• Fruit and shade plant should be planted nearby peafowl habitation like Mango, Amla,
Amrud, Imli, Bargad, Neem, Pipal etc.;
• Small water tank can be constructed in habitation zone of Peafowl and its water quality
should be maintained;
• Encourage local farmers to use biopesticide, biofertilizer and vermin-composting in
agriculture practices;
• Organise seminars, conferences, poster presentation at school and Gram Panchyat level
around peafowl habituation areas. To link it with its cultural value associated with Lord
Krishna & Lord Karthikeyan in order to prevent local people from killing this bird for
meat and feathers.
The recommended budget for peafowl conservation will be Rupees Four lakhs fifty thousand
only. The break-up of the same is as given below.
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S.No Activities Amount
(Rs in lakhs)
1
Mapping of habitat and distribution status of the species, Time series analysis and estimation of population size by established count method such as line transect, call counts and roost counts
0.5
2 Plantation & maintenance of fruits, shady and grass species in habitation of Peafowl
2.0
3 Construction of small water hole in habitation zone 0.5
4 Organize seminars, conferences, posters, presentations at schools and Gram Panchayat level around its habitation
1.5
Total 4.5
9.6 EMP Budget
The estimated total cost of the proposed project is Rs.64. Crores. Under the project, an
estimated investment of about Rs.10.64 Crores will be towards pollution control equipment,
implementation of environmental pollution control measures and environmental
management programmes.
The break-up of EMP budget is presented in the Table 9.5
Table 9-5 Cost Break-up of EMP Budget
SI No. Application Capital Cost (Lakhs) Operating Cost(Lakhs)
1 Air Pollution Control Equipments
238 72
2 ETP & ZLD 445 619
3 Incinerator including scrubber
135 115
4 Enviromental Monitoring Equipment
16 3
5 Greenbelt Development 2 4
6 Rainwater Harvesting 25 -
7 Safety and Occupational Health Infrastructure
175 2
8 Solid Waste Storage Shed 10 -
Total 1064 815
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9.7 Corporate Social Responsibility
9.7.1 Proposed CSR Activities
The proposed CSR activities are based on the socioeconomic indicators, field observations
and based on the felt needs of the people during the primary survey. The need based CSR
programs are proposed for the villages adjacent to the project site. Some of the key
observations related to lack of facilities or people’s basic needs are illustrated below.
❖ Construction of individual toilet facilities and Community Toilets – The population is
accessed to sanitation facilities. In this scenario it is recommended to take up
individual toilets and community toilet construction in clubbing Swatch Bharat scheme
as per the guideline given by drinking water and sanitation ;
❖ Providing safe drinking water facility at community level like RO systems – Panchayat
supplied drinking water is the major source of the drinking water in the village. As the
water is not treated with the RO or any purification process, providing RO facility at
community level and reusing the RO reject for community toilet flushing shall be
sustainable solution ;
❖ Drinking Water facility at Schools – Setting up of RO system at school with regular
maintenance ;
❖ Restoration of Community ponds- The community ponds in the village are dumped
with garbage and sewage. Restoration of pond will improve the ground water quality
in the nearby area and reduces the water borne diseases ;
❖ Construction of Drainage Systems – Drainage distribution is the major problem in the
village as sewage is getting stagnated in the roads and community ponds and being
the major problem by spreading water borne diseases ;
❖ Community led agencies for maintenance – Implementation of sanitation programs
depends on the maintenance and water supply of the facility. Formulating a
community based committee for regular maintenance and disbursing financial aid for
the same shall be taken up ;
❖ Solid Waste Management and Recycling – Managing solid waste is the major problem
in the village due to high number of migrant workers and employees. Causing
unhygienic status and health issues in the public places. Awareness programs,
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segregating and recycling solid waste in coordination with the local panchayat
government shall be taken as part of CSR program ;
❖ Developing Modern and Hygienic kitchen in primary schools and anganwadi ;
❖ Regular Health Checkups for children in schools for malnutrition ;
❖ Women Education promotion - Promoting school infrastructure such as girls
sanitation facilities, Poor girl child Scholarship programs for higher studies, school
supplies, etc ;
❖ Skill Development programs – Sponsoring programs for eligible women to encourage
local employability, promoting economic status, etc ;
❖ Vocational Training program -Dress making, embroidery and needle work, computer
Operator and Programming Assistant, etc ;
❖ Transportation facility for girl children for taking up higher education. Similar kind of
program is implemented in the study area villages under CSR program ; and
The capital CER budget shall be arrived based on the office memorandum Corporate
Environment Responsibility (CER) issued by MoEF&CC dated 1st May 2018. As per the circular,
the project is categorized into the Green field project with the additional capital investment
of less than 100 Crores (64 crores). In this context, 2% of the total project cost of Rs. 1.28
crore shall be considered as CER budget which will be spent over a period of 10 years based
on Need Based Community Development Programs.
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Table 9-6 CER Budget Classification for a period of 10 years
S.No Community development activities for Nimbua, Haripur and Sundra village
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9.7.3 CSR Programmes Implementation Strategies
9.7.3.1 Community Development Organization
This section of the report presents the strategy to be followed in implementing various pre-
defined CSR Plans. For this, a universally accepted principles recommended by World Bank
Group (WBG) (ref)9 have been referred. Once the key community development areas have
been identified, the critical aspects to be addressed are - when to invest in communities, how
to invest, constitution of the implementing team and how to monitor the effectiveness of the
program.
9.7.3.2 Formation of Core CSR Management Team
The first step in the community investment programs is to form a central CSR management
team within Saurav chemicals Limited (SCL), which shall be supported by a group of social
scientists headed by a functional head to implement and monitor the overall program. The
primary responsibilities of the central CSR management team is to define the specific yearly
investment programs, identifying various vehicles and appointing stake-holders to
successfully implement the individual schemes, allocating and disbursing funds to the
respective stake-holders and implementation agencies in appropriate time, periodical
interactions with communities and understand the effectiveness of the overall programs and
finally undertake audits through external agencies to assess the adequacy of the
implementation strategies to meet the specified objectives. A clearly defined community
investment plan policy shall be developed by SCL every year to define the objectives, targets,
roles and responsibilities of the individual stake-holders. The policy should be developed
based on the following key performance objectives:
Set out a 3-5 year plan for the company’s community investments;
• Identify target stakeholder groups and specify eligibility criteria for each of the
identified scheme ;
9 Strategic Community Investment, A Good Practice Handbook for Companies Doing Business in Emerging
Markets, International Finance Corporation
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• Establish an iterative process of engagement with local stakeholders and partners on
community investment ;
• Draw on the company’s core competencies and resources to support communities ;
• Promote cross-functional coordination and accountability for supporting community
investment objectives ;
• Identify the implementation model and decision-making/governance structures ;
• Define roles and responsibilities, budget, scope, and timeline ; and
• Describe how project results will be monitored and communicated.
9.7.3.3 Identifying and Nominating the Implementing Agencies
Assessing who is who and which organizations could be potential partners for community
development programs is an important part of understanding the local context. Partnerships
are a cornerstone of strategic community development program. Ideally, they should be
pursued in the early planning stages as a part of a company’s sustainability and exit strategies.
Wherever possible, it is good practice to explore working through existing reputed Non
Government Organizations (NGO) or programs before creating new ones. These agencies can
be selected based on the following criteria: Ability to reach the local people and areas,
thematic areas of expertise - health, capacity building, sanitation, etc. Delivery capacity,
including staffing, existing relationships, contacts, and networks with local areas and
communities, Core values (which should be compatible with the company’s objectives and
principles) reputation and track record.
9.7.3.4 Constituting Village Development Committees
The key beneficiaries of the community development programs are the needy local villagers.
Therefore, the local communities shall be completely involved in various designated
programs. It has been recommended to form local village bodies such as youth association
groups, village develop group, etc. Each of these groups will be defined with the basic
constitution of the committee, specific roles and responsibilities. Each group should comprise
of at least three members from various sections of the village. The roles and responsibilities
of these groups is to undertake awareness programs among the villagers about the respective
schemes, providing local support while implementing the schemes in association with the
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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nominated implementing agency or NGO, etc., providing feedback to SCL, on the overall
progress of the scheme, grievances, if any and suggestion and recommendations for the
effective implementation of the schemes. Monthly progress review meetings with respective
stakeholders of the individual schemes are essential to ensure smooth implementation of the
designated schemes.
9.7.3.5 Fund Allocation and Disbursement
Based on the well planned community development programme, adequate annual budget
shall be allocated for community development plan and the same shall be credited in a
dedicated account to ensure continuous flow of funds throughout the year without any
interruption. Required funds for the respective programs can be allocated on a monthly basis
to the nominated implementing agencies based on the monthly work progress reviews with
respective stake holders. An external CSR consultant can be nominated for project cost
estimations, verification of the schemes proposed and also to monitor the overall programs.
An implementation or delivery model is the organizational structure through which a
company carries out its community investment program or supports others in doing so. In
practice, many companies use “hybrid” approaches—a combination of different mechanisms
to deliver their programs. The following schemes can be adopted for effective community
development investment.
• In-house Implementation - Company creates an internal department or unit to work
directly with communities to design and implement community development
schemes. Schemes for developing infrastructure such as roads, sanitation facilities,
construction of buildings, hospitals, etc. can be taken up under this mode.
• Company Foundation - Company establishes an independent foundation as a
separate legal entity to carry out its community development programs. Foundations
can have grant-making authority (i.e., financing of community development programs
implemented by others) or serve as an implementing function (implementing their
own projects and programs).
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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• Third-party Implementation - Company engages a third party, such as NGO or group
of NGOs, to work with local communities in designing and implementing schemes or
it supports an existing initiative being implemented by others.
• Multi- Stakeholder Partnership - Company establishes or joins a voluntary or
collaborative alliance, network, or partnership. This implies cooperation between two
or more partners in a manner that shares risks, responsibilities, resources, and
competencies, and involves a joint commitment to common tasks and goals. Schemes
such as social forestry programs, restoration of lakes and canals and disaster
management infrastructure facilities, etc. can be taken up under this scheme.
• Hybrid Models - Company utilizes a combination of two or more implementation
models to deliver various components in the community development program.
9.7.3.6 CSR Activity Monitoring, Reporting and Continual Improvement
The CSR management team of the SCL should develop monthly, quarterly, half yearly and
annual status reports for adopting necessary corrective actions for continuous improvement.
A suitable system to monitor the whole process with regard to the performance at the field
levels shall be established. This system can be developed within the CSR department who will
be assigned to do periodic evaluation. This process should be intimated to the nominated
Implementing Agencies in their work order. The monitoring and evaluation shall be taken at
different levels i.e. CSR department, with Implementing Agencies, within community, etc. The
various field functionaries would be familiarized with the basics of this reporting system as
well as their role and responsibility. The Monitoring and Evaluation team’s responsibilities are
as follows: Periodic Progress Reports, Necessity and the periodicity of such reports, Output to
be generated, Evaluation, Improvement / Development of Implementation process, Analyzing
deviations to the said objectives, Focusing on Qualitative aspects in progress of project and
Identifying Changes / Milestones in development.
Annual bench mark surveys can be carried out with selected villages to assess the overall
outcome and benefits of the CSR programs implemented in the respective areas as per the
pre defined CSR objectives. The findings of the study can be compared with the ratings prior
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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to the entry of development activities. The following parameters can be considered for
evaluating the overall outcome and performance of the community development programs
implemented in a specific period:
• Increase income level of the BPL families ;
• Increase in literacy level ;
• Reduction in infant mortality and ailments of humans and cattle ;
• Reduced population migration ; and
• Increased sanitation and drinking water facilities etc.
Other indicative parameters that shall be included in the evaluation of the overall
performance of CSR program are listed hereunder:
• Number of protests, demonstrations, complaint letters, and compensation
requests;
• Number of community participants in consultation meetings ;
• Closures of activities due to a disturbance by the community/local stakeholders ;
• Quantity of work applications received from the community/local stakeholders ;
• Incidents (related to communities or other stakeholders) affecting company
property or personnel ;
• Number of problems or grievances identified by local stakeholders ;
• Quantity—and the time period of delays in implementing the schemes ;
• Community sentiment surrounding current community development initiatives
(i.e., Do they fulfill needs and expectations?) ;
• Effectiveness of public consultation activities (i.e., Do local people feel their
participation has value?) ;
• Degree of trust felt by the community toward the company (and vice versa) ;
• Positions taken by the local government regarding decisions that affect the
company;
• Community members say they are better off as the result of the company’s
presence; and
• Number of positive and negative press articles about the company.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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If measuring value of the community development is important, communicating that value is
equally important. For benefits derived from community development to be optimized,
stakeholders at the local, regional, and international levels need to know about these
investments and the value they create. The annual reports of the CSR shall be communicated
to all the concerned stake holders such as company employees and community, investor
community, local Communities and Other Stakeholders (government, NGOs, media). The
annual reports should address the community development programs implemented, impact
on the business, the outcome and benefits of schemes to local villagers and community.
Various communication models can be adopted such as Television, road, booklets and
magazines, press meets and conferences, seminars and the company website.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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10 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
10.1 Overview of the Project
M/s Saurav chemicals is proposing it’s green field API (Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient) bulk
drug manufacturing unit which will be situated at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi,
Distt, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Punjab. The proposed project will manufacture about 40
API and Intermediate products with a total production capacity of 233.7 TPM.
The proposed Greenfield project falls under category “A” under sector 5(f) of the EIA
Notification, 2006 and its amendment. The proposed project was appraised by the Ministry
of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEF&CC) and accorded standard Terms of
Reference (ToR) vide File no. No.IA-J-11011/438/2017-IA-II(I), Dated 26th October 2017. Since
the proposed project site does not fall under any notified industrial area, public consultation
was conducted on 08.06.2018 as per the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification
2006.
10.2 Environmental Setting of the Site
The total area acquired for the project is 22.15 acres. The proposed project land is plain and
barren and no rehabilitation or resettlement is required. SCL has undertaken necessary
procedures for land conversion. No clearing of cultivation/ vegetation is envisaged as the
proposed project site is barren.
The facility is mainly surrounded by pharmaceutical industries like Parabolic drugs Alkem labs,
Nectar life sciences, Rajasthan liquors, Aster Drugs and Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Barwla industrial
estate and etc. As per the environmental setting of the study area, Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife
sanctuary Hills is located at 7.16 km from the northern boundary of the project site. Ghaggar
River is situated on the Western side of the proposed project site within the study area.
Haryana state boundary is located at 3km aerial distance from the Eastern side of the
proposed project site. The average mean sea level at the site is about 323 m.
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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10.3 Baseline Environmental Status
Baseline monitoring was conducted between 25th November 2017 and 26th February 2018 for
all the designated physicochemical, ecological, biological and socioeconomic components as
per the ToR issued for the project.
The regional meteorological data for November to February indicates that the predominant
wind directions are from North Western Direction. Ambient air quality was measured at eight
(8) locations as per the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) guidelines and the
concentrations of all the criteria pollutants are well within the standards specified under
National Ambient Air Quality (NAAQ) Standards except for PM concentration. The
concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 were observed to be close to standard values. Also the
secondary data extracted for ambient PM concentration in the region indicated higher values
which is a growing concern in the Punjab region. The measured noise levels in the study area
were found to be below the CPCB prescribed noise levels standards for Industrial Areas
Category. Also all parameters of the groundwater samples were found to comply with
drinking water quality standards.
The most important crops, cultivated in the study area are wheat, rice, maize, pulses and
mustard. Paddy constitutes the main Kharif crop whereas wheat is the main Rabi crop. The
major soil type of the district is weakly solonized tropical arid brown soils. The site is located
in very deep, well drained, fine loamy soils.
10.4 Environmental Impacts and Management Plan
10.4.1 Air Quality
The point sources emissions due to the proposed project are envisaged from the fuel fired
boiler (biomass as a main fuel and furnace oil as standby), DG sets (stand-by operation for
power backup, High Speed Diesel as fuel), Incinerator(High Speed Diesel as fuel). Impact of
PM, SO2 and NOx from boilers were found to be insignificant as the proposed fuel is bio-
briquettes. Multiclone dust collector is proposed for the control of PM concentration from
the boilers. Emissions envisaged due to the proposed DG sets will be significantly low as they
are proposed to be operated as power backup during emergencies. Pollution control systems
will be installed to meet the prescribed emission standards for incinerator. Continuous
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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Emission monitoring will be installed to monitor the emissions of prescribed parameters.
Solvent recovery systems will be an integral part of the main plant. Depending on the boiling
point of the solvents used, maximum recovery will be aimed in the solvent recovery units for
reuse and recycling within the plant. In order to avoid any further release of solvent vapours
from the reactors, dryers, centrifuge etc, if any, then tail gas VOC condensers will be installed
with chilled water and brine water systems depending on the condensation properties of the
respective VOC compounds. Cl2, NH3, and HBr emissions generated during the process will be
controlled by three (3) Nos of scrubbers proposed. Totally six stacks have been proposed for
the project for the various sources of point emissions (3 Nos of scrubbers, Boiler, DG set and
Incinerator).
10.4.2 Water Environment
Total water requirement for the proposed project is 328 m3/day out of which about 150
m3/day of fresh water is required for the proposed project which will be sourced from Ground
Water. SCL has applied for the permission to draw Ground Water from the concerned CGWB
and state ground water departments.
Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) system is proposed and about 95% of the wastewater will be
reused in the plant by installing ZLD facilities. Total wastewater generated will be 193 m3/day.
The wastewater generated will be separated into two streams of HTDS and LTDS for the
efficient treatment of wastewater. A biological effluent treatment plant of capacity 300
m3/day and an MEE of capacity 150 m3/day are proposed for the treatment of wastewater
generated during the post project scenario. No treated wastewater will be discharged onto
natural water bodies as ZLD system will be adopted. The solids generated from the MEE will
be sent to nearby TSDF facility.
10.4.3 Solid and Hazardous Waste
Used/spent oil will be sold to PPCB Authorized Recycler. Discarded containers/barrels/liners
will be either sold to authorized vendors or will be reused after decontaminating in the ETP
plant. An incinerator of capacity 100 kg/hr is proposed to incinerate Process Residue &
wastes, spent catalyst/ spent carbon, date expired, discarded & off-specification
drugs/medicines, filters & filter material and distillation residue from contaminated organic
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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solvents. The ash collected from incinerator will be collected in printed hazardous waste bags
& stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste store room. SCL is exploring the
possibilities of co-processing the process residues in the cement kiln as per the provisions of
Hazardous Waste Management (HWM) Rules 2016. The sludge collected from wastewater
treatment in ETP (Low TDS/Low COD) & salt collected through Multi Effect Evaporator plant
will be stored in impervious, shaded, RCC hazardous waste room. The incinerated ash & ETP
Sludge/MEE Salt will be transported to Government approved land fill site M/s Ramky Enviro
Engineers Limited (REEL), Nimbua for further treatment & disposal. SCL is an approved
member of REEL.
10.4.4 Ecological Environment
Particulate matter emissions from stack and fugitive emissions due to transportation activity
and material handling may degrade the soil quality of surrounding environment causing
impact on growth of local flora. The settlement of dust on the laminar surface of plants can
impede the efficiency of photo-transduction and thereby, affect the productivity of plants.
The type of flora recorded in the area are not sensitive to the fugitive emission, hence it will
not impact the growth of these plants of the area. The Khol Hi-Raitan wildlife sanctuary is
located at a distance of 7.16 km north from the northern boundary of the proposed project.
No notified ecologically sensitive areas are located within 5 km radius from the proposed
project site. No major trees will be cut as the proposed project site is a barren land. All the
emissions from the proposed project will comply with the prescribed emission standards.
10.4.5 Socio Economic Environment
Socio-economic survey was conducted by an approved in-house NABET socio economic
expert in five villages within the study area located in all directions with reference to the
project site. In the study area, the main occupation of the villagers being service providers,
agriculture, labour work and small business related to dairy product etc; Villages are well
connected by tarred roads with the district place; thus have good transport facilities.
No water body or settlements or grazing land in the acquired land and hence no impact on
social environment due to land acquisition. The acquired land is a barren land with no
settlements and hence does not attract any Rehabilitation and Resettlement activity Air
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
Project No: PJ-ENVIR-2017628-1292
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emissions will be monitored continuously at plant to maintain the emissions well within the
permissible range as prescribed by CPCB. No significant impact on nearby villages is envisaged
due to the air emissions as per the air quality modeling results. The proposed project will
provide employment opportunities to the nearby villagers providing full capacity permanent
employment to about 1000 persons excluding contractual labours.
10.5 Conclusions
❖ This project will have a benefit in terms of exchequer to the State Government.
❖ This project will also generate direct and indirect employment to a considerable number
of families, who will render their services for the employees of the project.
❖ Growth and development, in harmony with the environment, has always been the
approach of SCL and this will be ensured.
❖ The proposed project will be developed to meet the stipulated environmental and safety
regulations.
❖ Zero Liquid Discharge facilities and air pollution control equipments will be installed will
result in minimizing the adverse impacts on the environment
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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11 DISCLOSURE OF CONSULTANTS
11.1.1 Introduction
The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Environment Management Plan (EMP)
report has been prepared by carrying out various scientific studies. The studies have been
carried out by M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited, Chennai, India. The profiles of
the Consultants are given below,
11.1.2 Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Limited – EIA Consultant
M/s. Cholamandalam MS Risk Services Ltd (CMSRSL) is a joint venture between the
Murugappa group, India and Mitsui Sumitomo Insurance Group, Japan. CMSRSL is an ISO
9001:2008 certified company. CMSRSL offers safety and environmental consulting services
across India, Middle East and East Asian countries. CMSRSL consists of six consulting domains
such as environmental engineering and management, process safety, fire safety, electrical
safety, construction safety and logistics risk assessment. CMSRSL is a NABET accredited EIA
consulting organization for undertaking EIA studies in the following sectors: paper and pulp,
thermal power plants, petroleum refineries, petrochemical complex, chemical fertilizers,
synthetic organic chemical industries, ports and harbours and area development projects.
CMSRSL has offered environmental and safety related consulting services for more than 5000
clients during last decade.
11.1.3 Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study
Details of Experts/Consultants Engaged for this EIA Study
S.No. Name Role in the EIA Study
1 Mr V S Bhaskar EIA Coordinator – Synthetic Organic Chemical Industries. Functional Area Expert(FAE) - Meteorology, Air Quality Modeling and Prediction Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Noise / Vibration Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Risk & Hazards Management
2 Mr. D. Ravishankar Functional Area Expert (FAE) - Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring and Control Functional Area Expert FAE –Solid & Hazardous Waste Management
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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S.No. Name Role in the EIA Study
Functional Area Expert – Risk Identification and Hazard Management Functional Area Expert – Water Pollution Prevention and Control
3 Mr.T.P.Natesan Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Land Use, Hydrology, Ground Water & Water Conservation
4 Dr.Vivek Narayan Singh
Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Ecology and Biodiversity
5 Ms. Sathya. S Functional Area Expert (FAE) – MSW and Team Member
6 Mr. Rajesh Verma Functional Area Expert (FAE) – Socio-Economic
7 Mr.Ganta Srikanth Associate Functional Area Expert (AFAE)- Water Pollution Prevention, Control & Prediction of Impacts and Air Pollution Prevention, Monitoring and Control
11.1.4 Other Technical Team Members
S. No. Technical Members
1 Ms. Sujatha Gurudev
11.1.5 External Labs/Agencies involved in EIA Study
1 Base line Environmental data – Ambient air Quality, Water, Soil and Noise sampling & analysis.
M/s. Interstellar Testing Centre Pvt Ltd, Panchkula (NABL accredited Lab)
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
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11.1.6 NABET Certificate
Environmental Impact Assessment for the Proposed Green field API and Intermediate Bulk Drug Manufacturing Unit at Village Nimbuan, Hadbast No. 1, Derabassi Taluk, , Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar Distt, Punjab
