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Environmental Environmental LawsLaws
Book Companion Site – Click US Legislation
EPAEPA==
EnvironmentalEnvironmentalProtectionProtection
AgencyAgency
1970
Forest Reserve ActForest Reserve Act 18911891 Protects public lands from resource Protects public lands from resource
exploitationexploitation
http://www.geocities.com/craspedopus/Eucs.jpg
Lacey ActLacey Act 19001900 Prohibits transporting live or dead Prohibits transporting live or dead
animals or their parts across state animals or their parts across state borders without a federal permitborders without a federal permit
http://animal.discovery.com/news/afp/20040308/gallery/sharkfins_goto.jpg
Antiquities ActAntiquities Act 19061906 Allows the president to protect areas of Allows the president to protect areas of
scientific or historical interest on federal scientific or historical interest on federal lands as national monumentslands as national monuments
President Clinton used the Antiquities Act to declare the Grand Stair Case-Escalante a national monument in 1996.
http://www.enn.com/news/enn-stories/1999/06/062299/escalante.jpg
Migratory Bird ActMigratory Bird Act 19341934 Requires waterfowl hunters to buy a duck Requires waterfowl hunters to buy a duck
stamp each season they hunt. Revenue goes stamp each season they hunt. Revenue goes into a fund to buy land and easements for the into a fund to buy land and easements for the benefit of waterfowlbenefit of waterfowl
http://www.twingroves.district96.k12.il.us/Wetlands/TrumpeterSwan/SwansPicts/Swans7.gif
Taylor Grazing ActTaylor Grazing Act 19341934 First federal effort to regulate grazing on First federal effort to regulate grazing on
federal public lands. Established grazing federal public lands. Established grazing districts and uses a permit system to manage districts and uses a permit system to manage livestock grazing in the districtslivestock grazing in the districts
http://www.wy.blm.gov/cfo/pics/cows-600.jpg
Federal Food, Drug, and Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic ActCosmetic Act
19381938 The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) authorizes the The Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FFDCA) authorizes the
Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate foods, cosmetics, Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to regulate foods, cosmetics, drugs and medical devices. The law is intended to assure the drugs and medical devices. The law is intended to assure the consumer that foods are pure and wholesome, safe to eat, and consumer that foods are pure and wholesome, safe to eat, and produced under sanitary conditions; that cosmetics are safe and produced under sanitary conditions; that cosmetics are safe and made from appropriate ingredients; that drugs and devices are made from appropriate ingredients; that drugs and devices are safe and effective for their intended uses; and, that all labeling and safe and effective for their intended uses; and, that all labeling and packaging is truthful, informative, and not deceptive.packaging is truthful, informative, and not deceptive.
http://www-pps.aas.duke.edu/courses/ps145.02/project/group05/history-fda1.gif
Soil Conservation ActSoil Conservation Act 19351935 Established the Soil Erosion Service as part of Established the Soil Erosion Service as part of
the Dept. of Agriculture to correct the erosion the Dept. of Agriculture to correct the erosion problems that ruined farms in the Great Plains problems that ruined farms in the Great Plains StatesStates
http://www.soils.umn.edu/academics/classes/soil2125/img/10guly1.jpg
Federal Insecticide, Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Fungicide, and
Rodenticide Act (FIFRA)Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) 19471947 Requires that all commercial pesticides be Requires that all commercial pesticides be
approved by the EPA for general or restricted approved by the EPA for general or restricted useuse
http://www.iucn.org/bil/photos/optimized/pesticide.jpg
Water Quality ActWater Quality Act 19871987 Along with the Clean Water Act, forms the basis Along with the Clean Water Act, forms the basis
of U.S. efforts to control pollution of the of U.S. efforts to control pollution of the countrycountry’’s surface waterss surface waters
http://www.howproductsimpact.net/emissions/emissontoriver.gif http://home.wangjianshuo.com/archives/2003/05/13/tahiti-clean.water.jpg
Clean Air ActClean Air Act 19631963 Empowered the federal government to set air Empowered the federal government to set air
pollution emission standards for automobiles pollution emission standards for automobiles and industries that each state required to and industries that each state required to enforceenforce
http://www.cnn.com/US/9911/09/ny.auto.emissions/exhaust.autos.jpg http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/air/images/factory.jpg
Wilderness ActWilderness Act 19641964 Authorized the government to protect Authorized the government to protect
undeveloped tracts of public land as part of the undeveloped tracts of public land as part of the National Wilderness System unless Congress National Wilderness System unless Congress later decides they are needed for the national later decides they are needed for the national goodgood
http://www.fseee.org/images/crowdedriver.jpg
Safe Drinking Water ActSafe Drinking Water Act 19741974 Requires EPA to establish national drinking Requires EPA to establish national drinking
water standards, including maximum water standards, including maximum contaminant levels (MCLs) for any pollutants contaminant levels (MCLs) for any pollutants that may have adverse effects on human healththat may have adverse effects on human health
http://www.state.sd.us/denr/des/drinking/sdwacolr.gif
Endangered Species ActEndangered Species Act 19731973 Illegal for Americans to import or trade in any Illegal for Americans to import or trade in any
product made from an endangered or product made from an endangered or threatened species unless used for an approved threatened species unless used for an approved scientific purpose/to enhance species survivalscientific purpose/to enhance species survival
Clean Water ActClean Water Act 19721972 Guidelines to protect surface waters for Guidelines to protect surface waters for
recreational purposes including swimming, recreational purposes including swimming, fishing, boatingfishing, boating
% of U.S. rivers and lakes fishable and % of U.S. rivers and lakes fishable and swimmable: from 36% to 62%swimmable: from 36% to 62%
Sewage treatment plants increased from 32%-Sewage treatment plants increased from 32%-74%74%
Toxic Substances Control Toxic Substances Control ActAct
Screens new substances for safety before they Screens new substances for safety before they are widely usedare widely used
19761976
http://www.actionhazmat.com/pix/lead_paint.jpg
Resource Conservation Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA)and Recovery Act (RCRA)
19761976 EPA identifies hazardous waste and sets standards for EPA identifies hazardous waste and sets standards for
management by statesmanagement by states Firms that store, treat or dispose of greater than 100 kg Firms that store, treat or dispose of greater than 100 kg
of hazardous waste per month are required to have a of hazardous waste per month are required to have a permitpermit
Permit holders required to keep track of waste from Permit holders required to keep track of waste from origin to disposalorigin to disposal
http://www.nap.usace.army.mil/geotech/mission/geoenv/rcra/garage193K.GIF
Comprehensive Environmental Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Response, Compensation and Liability
Act (CERCA-Superfund)Act (CERCA-Superfund) 19801980 Through taxes on chemical materials, this law provides Through taxes on chemical materials, this law provides
a fund for identifying abandoned hazardous waste a fund for identifying abandoned hazardous waste dump sites, protecting and cleaning up groundwater, dump sites, protecting and cleaning up groundwater, cleaning the site, and requiring responsible parties (if cleaning the site, and requiring responsible parties (if found) to clean up the sitefound) to clean up the site
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/cpr/phototours/strandley/images/1.jpg http://www.epa.gov/superfund/sites/npl/nc.gif
Montreal ProtocolMontreal Protocol 19871987 Treaty to cut CFC emissions by 35% Treaty to cut CFC emissions by 35%
between 1989 and 2000between 1989 and 2000 Required developing countries to freeze Required developing countries to freeze
out CFC consumption by mid-1999 and out CFC consumption by mid-1999 and phase out by 2010phase out by 2010
http://www.niwa.cri.nz/pubs/an/images/issue15/montreal_protocol.jpg
Kyoto ProtocolKyoto Protocol 19971997 Targeted industrialized Targeted industrialized
countries to reduce greenhouse countries to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissionsgas (GHG) emissions
192 Parties Ratified192 Parties Ratified US signed on but did NOT RATIFYUS signed on but did NOT RATIFY Undue hardship on economic Undue hardship on economic
structuresstructures
Reclamation ActReclamation Act 19771977 Establishes a program for the regulation of Establishes a program for the regulation of
surface mining activities and the surface mining activities and the reclamation of coal mined-landsreclamation of coal mined-lands
http://www.library.arizona.edu/branches/spc/udalljpgs/coalmine-small.jpg http://www.osmre.gov/aml/inven/zp_creek.gif
Land and Water Land and Water Conservation ActConservation Act
19631963 Congressional policy that Congressional policy that ““present and present and
future generations be assured adequate future generations be assured adequate outdoor recreation resourcesoutdoor recreation resources””
http://img.getactivehub.com/act2/custom_images/nrpa/recreactionglosswrap.gif www.kaee.org/
National Environmental National Environmental Policy ActPolicy Act
19691969 To declare a national policy which will To declare a national policy which will
encourage productive and enjoyable harmony encourage productive and enjoyable harmony between man and environment, promote efforts between man and environment, promote efforts which will prevent/eliminate damage to the which will prevent/eliminate damage to the biosphere, establish a Council on Environmental biosphere, establish a Council on Environmental QualityQuality
https://www.denix.osd.mil/denix/Public/Library/NEPA/Forum/forum2.html www.epa.gov/ region1/charles
Ocean Dumping ActOcean Dumping Act 19731973 Gives EPA the responsibility for regulating the Gives EPA the responsibility for regulating the
dumping of all materials except dredged dumping of all materials except dredged materials (Army Corps of Engineers does this)materials (Army Corps of Engineers does this)
http://www.jcaa.org/images/MuckMon.gif
Energy Policy and Energy Policy and Conservation ActConservation Act
19921992 Strategic Petroleum Reserve established, Strategic Petroleum Reserve established,
energy conservation programs created, energy conservation programs created, improved energy efficient motor vehicles, improved energy efficient motor vehicles, appliances, and other productsappliances, and other products
http://eetd.lbl.gov/newsletter/nl12/images/appliance_collage.jpg
National Environmental National Environmental Education ActEducation Act
19901990 Requires EPA to provide national leadership to Requires EPA to provide national leadership to
increase environmental literacy -- Established increase environmental literacy -- Established Office of Environmental EducationOffice of Environmental Education
http://www.epa.state.oh.us/oeef/GLOBE.jpg
Convention on Convention on International Trade in International Trade in Endangered Species Endangered Species
(CITES)(CITES) 19731973 Protects wildlife Protects wildlife
against over-against over-exploitation, and to exploitation, and to prevent international prevent international trade of threatening trade of threatening species species
Marine Mammal Marine Mammal Protection ActProtection Act 19721972
prohibits the "take" of marine mammals in prohibits the "take" of marine mammals in U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high U.S. waters and by U.S. citizens on the high seas, and the importation of marine mammals seas, and the importation of marine mammals and marine mammal products into the U.S.and marine mammal products into the U.S.
National Invasive National Invasive Species ActSpecies Act
19961996 to prevent the introduction and spread to prevent the introduction and spread
of non-indigenous species into the of non-indigenous species into the waters of the United Stateswaters of the United States
Oil Pollution ActOil Pollution Act 19901990 Improved nation's ability to prevent and Improved nation's ability to prevent and
respond to oil spills.respond to oil spills.
Exxon ValdezBP Oil Spill