Environmental Satellite Processing Center (ESPC) Update

Vincent TaborOffice of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)/

Mission Operations Division (MOD)NOAA/NESDISAugust 5, 2014

Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)

• Manage and direct NOAA’s 24x7 environmental satellite operations, the distribution of environmental data and derived products to domestic and foreign users, and associated services.

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NESDIS Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO) Key Roles

NSOF

Ground System Command & Control, Ingest, Product Generation and Distribution for the nation’s 14 environmental satellites– 3 Geostationary (GOES) by NOAA– 3 Polar-Orbiting (POES) by NOAA– 6 Defense Meteorological Satellite

Program (DMSP) operated by NOAA– 1 OSTM Jason-2 (Ocean Surface

Topography Mission) Joint NOAA, NASA, CNES, EUMETSAT effort

– 1 Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) by NOAA & NASA

• Pre-Launch and Post-Launch Testing

• Operational Testing, Validation, Verification, and Transition

• Product Generation and Distribution

• User Readiness• Long-Term Continuity of Products

and ServicesNOAA Satellite and Infor Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)

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NESDIS Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)

• Locations at four facilities housing:• NOAA Satellite Operations Facility

(NSOF) in Suitland• NOAA Center for Weather & Climate

Prediction (NCWCP) in College Park, MD• Wallops Command and Data Acquisition

Station (CDA) Wallops, VA• Fairbanks Command and Data

Acquisition Station (CDA) Fairbanks, AK

Wallops CDA

Fairbanks CDA

NCWCP

NOAA Satellite and Information Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)

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Satellite Constellations

5NOAA Satellite and Information Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NESDIS)

NOAA Geostationary Satellite (GOES)

Weather sentinel – constant monitoring of:

HurricanesSevere storms

NOAA Polar Satellite (POES)Global data necessary for medium and long range weather forecasting

Air Force Polar Satellite (DMSP)

•U.S. Air Force program operated by NOAA

Similar to the POES satellites

GOES-15135° West

GOES-1375° West

On-orbitSpare

GOES-1260° West

2 p.m. Orbit

10 a.m. Orbit

Satellite Information Flow

National Satellite and Information Service: National Environmental Satellite, Data, & Information Service (NESDIS)

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Fairbanks GroundStation - POES

Wallops GroundStation - GOES

Customers

Environmental Satellite Processing Center

Process and Distribute

Non-NOAA (Jason, DMSP, Meteosat, MTSAT,

EOS, COSMIC, others)

Command and Control

Satellite Operations Control Center

Office of Systems Development (OSD)

Ground SystemsIT Enterprise Architecture

Archive and Access(CLASS)

NESDIS Data Centers

DataProducts

Product DevelopmentAlgorithm Development

Science Maintenance

Center for Satellite Applications and Research (STAR)

Office of Satellite and Product Operations (OSPO)METOP-B (AM)

POES NOAA-19 (PM)

GOES-15 (West) GOES-13 (East)

Also:GOES-14 (Standby)POES-18/15S-NPP (Now Prime)

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GOES On-Orbit ConfigurationCurrent as of July 2014

GOES-15 GOES-14 GOES-13

Launched: 3/2010

Located: 135W

GOES-WEST

Launched: 6/2009

Located: 105°W

On-Orbit Storage

Launched: 5/2006

Located: 75°W

GOES-EAST

GOES-14

GOES-15

GOES-13

GOES-12

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Payload Instrument

GOES-13(East)

Launch: May 06Activation: Apr 10

GOES-14(Storage)

Launch: Jun 09Activation:

GOES-15(West)

Launch: Mar 10Activation: Dec 11

Imager G G G

Sounder Y (6) G Y (9)

Energetic Particle Sensor (EPS) G G G

Magnetometers G G G

High Energy Proton and Alpha Detector (HEPAD) G G G

X-Ray Sensor (XRS) R (7) G G

Solar X-Ray Imager (SXI) Y (8) G G

Spacecraft Subsystems

Telemetry, Command & Control G G G

Attitude and Orbit Control G G G

Inclination Control G G G

Propulsion G G G

Mechanisms G G G

Electrical Power G G G

Thermal Control G G G

Communications Payloads G G G

Key Operational

Operational with limitations

Non-operational

G

R

Y

Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES) Performance Status

July 2, 2013

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S-NPP Declared Prime

S-NPP declared as the primary afternoon satellite on May 1st, 2014NOAA-19 assumed a Primary Services Mission Role (ADCS, SARSAT

and SEM)Metop-B primary morning

Metop-A data also processing and distributed near real time

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Decision Criteria – based on Key Performance Parameters

Data Maturity- reached a mature stage- validated for operational use

User Readiness- ready to use within the end user’s systems

Information System Readiness- ground systems are operational and covered under an ATO.- Includes JPSS CGS and ESPC (NDE – eventually NDE 2.0 /

PDA)

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Mission Systems Status

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Operational (or capable of)

Operational with limitations (or standby)

Operational with degraded performance

Not functional

Spacecraft S-NPP

Launch Date Oct 28, 2011

Mission Category LTAN 1330 (PM)

Payload Instruments Status

ATMS G

CERES G

CrIS G

OMPS – Nadir G

OMPS – Limb G

VIIRS G

Spacecraft Subsystem Status

TLM, Command & Control G

ADCS G

EPS G

Thermal Control G

Communications G

CDP G

SCC G

GPS G

1553 G

1394 G

S-NPP Data Exploitation (NDE) Mission

The NDE Project’s primary mission is to provide near real time products derived from S-NPP observations to NOAA’s operational and climate communities and other civilian and U.S. government users.

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NDE

NDEJPSS Ground Systems

Command and Control

Operational User

Community

Archive and Access

NDE EnhancedProducts

Quality Control

Real-time Delivery

GenericNPPData

NDE will be a critical link to achieve return on the NPP and JPSS investment

NOAAScience Center

(operated in ESPC)

Process

Ingest

NPP

JPSS 1

NDE 1.0 system consists of 3 hardware (HW) environmentsOperations Environment (PE-1)

17 Sep 2013: Handed over to OSPO

Test Environment (PE-2) 20 June 2014: Handed over to OSPO

Development (DEV) Environment NDE environment and shared with OSPO and STAR

System Description Overview

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NDE 1.0 (PE-1)Operational

System

External UsersNWS (AWIPS)

NWS/NCEPSupercomputer

EUMETSAT

EUMETcast

GTS

RMDCN

150+ Sub

scribers

JMA

Other GTS Users

India CMC

NDE Data Distribution at ORR (09/17/13)

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3 Key Performance Parameters (KPPs) operational

NDEOperational

System

Internal

NIC Servers

CoastWatch Servers

GCOM Server

Okeanos OPS Server

POLAR ServerNWS (AWIPS)

EUMETSAT

NWS/NCEPSupercomputer

STAR

EUMETcast

GTS

RMDCN

150+ Sub

scribers

GTS Users

RMDCN

Users

NUCAPS VM Server

VIIRSDIST Server

SST1 VM Server

Prodmon Server

Canadian Meteorological Centre (CMC)

Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA)

India NCMRWF

AFWA (DAPE)

NASA (GSFC)

NWS/NCEP Processing and Dissemination Services (NPDS)

System

Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory (AOML)

Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA)

NASA (JPL)

ExternalNational Weather Service

Telecommunications Gateway (NWSTG)

NDE Data Distribution (May 2014)

20 Observational Parameters operational

Key performance parameters are identified in redProducts produced by NDE are identified in blue

NOAA Near-Real Time Priorities: JPSS

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CriticalRDRs, TDRs, and SDRs

CrIS ATMS AMSR-2/3 VIIRS

EDRs

VIIRSImagery EDRSea Surface Temperature Green Vegetation FractionPolar WindsOcean Color/Chlorophyll

AMSR-2Sea Surface Temperature

ATMSLand Surface Emissivity

Supplemental HighRDRs and SDRs

OMPS-L OMPS-NP CERES

EDRs

CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile

ATMSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water

CrISOutgoing Longwave RadiationInfrared Ozone Profile

OMPS Nadir and LimbNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total ColumnOzone Limb Profile

CERESReflected Solar Radiation

VIIRSSea Ice CharacterizationSnow CoverActive FiresSuspended MatterCloud Cover/LayersCloud MaskCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Top HeightCloud Effective Particle Size

AMSR-2Sea Surface Wind SpeedSea Ice CharacterizationCloud Liquid WaterPrecipitable WaterSoil MoisturePrecipitation Type/RateSnow Cover/DepthSnow Water Equivalent

Supplemental Low

EDRs

ATMSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile

CrISTrace Gases (CO, CO2, CH4)

VIIRSAerosol Optical Thickness Aerosol Particle SizeVegetation IndexLand Surface TypeLand Surface TemperatureSurface AlbedoCloud Top TemperatureCloud Top PressureCloud Base HeightIce Surface TemperatureQuarterly Surface TypeVegetation Health Product Suite

AMSR-2Surface Type

NOAA Near-Real Time NOAA-19

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RDRs, TDRs, and SDRs

HIRS/4 AMSU-A MHS AVHRR/3

EDRs

AVHRRImagerySea Surface Temperature Green Vegetation FractionPolar WindsOcean Color/Chlorophyll

AMSU-A and MHSLand Surface Emissivity

Additional Capabilities:ADCS DataSARSAT Data

RDRs, TDRs, and SDRs

SBUV/2

EDRs

CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile

AMSU-A, MHSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water

CrISInfrared Ozone Profile

SBUVNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total ColumnOMPS Limb Profile

AVHRRSea Ice CharacterizationSnow CoverActive FiresSuspended MatterCloud Cover/LayersCloud MaskCloud Optical ThicknessCloud Top HeightCloud Effective Particle Size

EDRs

AMSU-A and MHSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile

CrISTrace Gases (CO, CO2, CH4)

AVHRRAerosol Optical Thickness Vegetation IndexSurface AlbedoCloud Top TemperatureCloud Top PressureVegetation Health Product Suite

Aerosol Particle SizeLand Surface TypeLand Surface TemperatureCloud Base HeightIce Surface TemperatureQuarterly Surface Type

AVHRR and HIRS

Outgoing Longwave Radiation

Additional Capabilities:SEM-2 DataAVHRR Absorbed Solar Energy AVHRR Available Solar Energy

S-NPPObservable Parameters Operational within NESDIS Today

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CriticalRDRs, TDRs, and SDRsCrIS ATMS

EDRs

VIIRSImagery EDRSea Surface Temperature

Polar Winds

AMSR-2

ATMSLand Surface Emissivity

Additional Capabilities:

Supplemental HighRDRs and SDRs

EDRs

CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile

ATMSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water

CrIS

OMPS Nadir and LimbNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total Column

CERES

Supplemental Low

EDRs

ATMSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile

CrIS

VIIRSAerosol Optical Thickness

AMSR-2

VIIRS

AMSR-2

Key performance parameters are identified in redProducts produced by NDE are identified in blue

NOAA Near-Real Time Priorities: JPSSObservable Parameters Operational within NESDIS in FY14

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CriticalRDRs, TDRs, and SDRsCrIS ATMS AMSR-2 VIIRS

EDRs

VIIRSImagery EDRSea Surface Temperature

Green Vegetation FractionPolar Winds

AMSR-2Sea Surface Temperature

ATMSLand Surface Emissivity

Additional Capabilities:

Supplemental HighRDRs and SDRs

EDRs

CrIS/ATMSAtm Temperature ProfileAtm Moisture Profile

ATMSCloud Liquid WaterRainfall RateSea Ice ConcentrationSnow CoverSnow Water EquivalentTotal Precipitable Water

CrIS

Infrared Ozone Profile

OMPS Nadir and LimbNadir Ozone ProfileOzone Total Column

CERES

VIIRSSea Ice CharacterizationSnow Cover

AMSR-2Sea Surface Wind Speed

Cloud Liquid WaterPrecipitable Water

Precipitation Type/Rate

Supplemental Low

EDRs

ATMSLand Surface TemperatureMoisture ProfileTemperature Profile

CrISTrace Gases (CO, CO2, CH4)

VIIRSAerosol Optical Thickness

Vegetation Index

AMSR-2

Key performance parameters are identified in redProducts produced by NDE are identified in blue

ATMS and CrIS SDRs provided in near real-time to NWP Centers: NCEP, EUMETSAT/ECMWF, CMC – data are re-broadcast via GTS and EUMETcast.

Select VIIRS imager (375m resolution) channels sent to NWS Alaska Region via AWIPS Satellite Broadcast Network (SBN) – used in analysis for aviation, marine and public forecasts above 600 North and for sea ice analysis. Plans in the near future are to add the Near Constant Contrast that will cover the

entire US, Alaska, Puerto Rico and Hawaiian region

S-NPP imagery (moderate channels and DNB) from direct readout used by NWS Alaska Region Forecast Offices (Anchorage & Fairbanks).

(SNPP) Operational Applications

Volcanic ash plume (Kamchatka Peninsula)

Ash plume

Image of Alaska (day-night band)

NOAA Partnered Update:Global Change Observation Mission (GCOM) W-1

The GCOM-W1 launched May 18, 2012 and is the first satellite for the GCOM-W series

The AMSR2 continues Aqua/AMSR-E observations The NOAA JPSS Office (NJO) is providing funding to operationally generate and

make available AMSR2 SDR and EDR products to support NOAA’s needs APID Sorted Data Files delivered via sFTP from Svalbard to NSOF- July 2012

RDRs generated in IDPS and delivered to CLASS Delivery of RDRs to OSPO ESPC (i.e., NDE)- March 2013

Pre-operational - OSPO ESPC performs generation of SDRs and EDRs New products expected to go operational later this year

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GCOM W1 is 15-195 seconds ahead AQUA, and 370 seconds ahead CloudSat

Product Distribution SegmentCurrently NDE, DDS & SATEPSDIST PDA will replace all near real-time distribution except

McIDAS/ADDEReduction of Stovepipes:

First foundational wall of a modern, sustainable distribution enterprise

Build for tomorrow:A “Private Cloud” with processing speed of modular

architectures; loosely-coupled and abstracted services; high bandwidth

Align with real user-access and data use paradigms of other 21st century data systems. (Secure; standards-based; intuitive; intelligent product servicing)

Product Distribution and Access (PDA)

Integration & Test (I&T) System at NSOF/CBUCurrently in placeLimited functionality primarily data transfer and securityCurrently integrating users and data providers

Operational SystemsFull functionalityPrimary system at NSOF – COOP site at CBU in Fairmont WVOperational Readiness Review (ORR) planned for August of

2015Operations with S-NPP data will commence with JPSS Block 2.0

Operations date targeted for November 2015 – January 2016

PDA Implementation Schedule

PDA Context & Architecture: CI ViewESPCPDA

Service Oriented Architecture (SOA)

Product Data

Providers

PDA

Ancillary Data Providers

Gateway (GW)

Data Distribution & Access (DDA)

Common Infrastructure

Management (CIM)

ESPC

GOES-R GS PG

Hardware (HW)

EUMETSAT

NCEP NWS/FOS

FSL/FOS FNMOC

NCOF (UK) USNO

NPP/IDPS NESDIS-IMS

NSIDC NHC

Product Data Providers

GOES-R

GOES

POES

MSG

MTSAT

SNPP/JPSS

Status & Events

Product Data Consumers

NWS NMFS

NOS NESDIS

NIC DoD

CLASS Others

Ancillary Data Consumers

GOES-R GS PG

Legacy GOES PG

Legacy POES PG NDE PG

Satellite Data and Products

Ancillary Data

Ancillary

Data

Satellite Data

and Product

s

Subscriptions & Ad-Hoc

Requests

NIC

CSG/IDPS JPSS

Backup Slides

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Direct Readout Comparisons

GOES I-P GOES-R

Full Disk Image 30 minutes 5 minutes

Imager bands 5 16

Visible 1 kilometer 0.5 kilometer

Near Infrared N/A 1 kilometer

Infrared 4 kilometer 2 kilometer

Bit Depth 10 bits 12 bits – Visible, 14 bits Infrared

Raw Instrument Data 2.62 Mbps ~ 100 Mbps (ABI: ~60Mbps)

Space Weather ~100 kbps 3.5 - 4Mbps

Geostationary Lightning Mapper N/A 7.5 Mbps

Telemetry 4 kbps 1, 4 & 32 kbps

Planned Data Outage >300 hrs/yr <2 hrs/year

GRB/GVAR 2 Mbps 31 Mbps

HRIT/EMWIN LRIT: 128 kbpsEMWIN: 19.2 kbps

400 kbps

DCS 233 simultaneous downlinks 466 simultaneous downlinks

SARSAT 36 dBm uplink power 32 dBm uplink power (will be able to detect emergency beacons with weaker signals)

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Acronyms• ABBA Automated Biomass Burning Algorithm• ABC American Broadcasting Company (news media)• ACE Accumulated Cyclone Energy• ADA Anartica Data Acquisition• A-DCS, ADCS Advanced Data Collection System (EUMETSAT)• ADM Atmospheric Dynamics Mission• ADT Advanced Dvorak Technique• AFWA Air Force Weather Agency (located at Offutt AFB Nebraska)• A-HRPT Advanced Hight Resolution Picture Transmission• AM Ante Meridian (Morning)• AMSR-E Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS (NASA) • AMSU Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit (AMSU-A and AMSU-B)• AMSU-A Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit-A Temperature Sounder• AMSU-B Advanced Microwave Sounder Unit-B Moisture Profiler• APT/LRPT Automatic Picture Transmission Low Resolution Direct Readout • AQUA NASA EOS satellite• ARGOS DCSARGOS Data Collection System• ASCAT Advanced Scatterometer (MetOp satellite instrument producing marine surface wind data)• ATCF Automated Tropical Cyclone Forecast• ATMS Advanced Technology Microwave Sounder• ATO Authorization To Operate• ATOVS Advanced TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder (NOAA/NESDIS)• AVHRR Advanced Very-High Resolution Radiometer• BUFR Binary Universal Form for the Representation of meteorological data

(WMO) (data product file format)• C2 COSMIC-2

Acronyms

• CDA Command and Data Acquisition (NOAA stations)• CDC Center for Disease Control (U.S.)• CIP Critical Infrastructure Protection (NOAA/NESDIS, ESPC back-up site Wallops Island,

VA)• CLAVR-X Clouds from AVHRR Extended• CNES Centre National D’etudes Spatiales (France)• CONOPS Concept of Operations• COMS Communications• COPC Committee for Operational Processing Centers• COSMIC Constellation Observing System for Meteorology Ionosphere & Climate• CrIS Cross Track Infrared Sounder • CY Calendar Year• DAPE Data Acquisition, Processing, Exchange • DB APT Direct Broadcast Automatic Picture Transmission• DB HRPT Direct Broadcast High Resolution Picture Transmission • DCS Data Collection System• DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellite Program• DOC/GC Department of Commerce/General Counsel• DoD Department of Defense• DSCOVR NASA satellite – Solar Wind Mission• EOS Earth Observing System (NASA)• EPS Energetic Particle Sensor• ESA European Space Agency• ESPC Environmental Satellite Processing Center (NOAA Suitland, MD)

Acronyms• eTRaP Ensemble Tropical Rainfall Potential• EUMETSAT European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (located in Darmstadt,

Germany)• FAA Federal Aviation Administration (U.S.)• FCC Federal Communications Commission (U.S.)• FISMA Federal Information Security Management Act (U.S.)• FNMOC Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (Monterey, CA)• FY Fiscal Year • GCOM Global Change Observation Mission• GDR Geophysical Data Records (Jason-2)• GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite• GOME Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment• GPSRO GPS Radio Occultation (COSMIC-related)• GRACE Gravity recovery and Climate Experiment (METOP)• GRAS Global Navigation Satellite System (METOP)• GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center (NASA, Greenbelt, MD)• GSIP GOES Surface and Isolation Product• HEPAD High Energy Proton and Alpha Detector• HIRS High Resolution Infrared Radiation Sounder (data from POES satellite)• HRPT High Resolution Picture Transmission (data from POES satellite)• IASI Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer (NOAA/NESDIS)• IATO Interim Authorization To Operate• ISRO Indian Space Research Organization (India)

Acronyms

• IT Information Technology• IWP Ice Water Path (MIRS product)• JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency• JPSS Joint Polar Satellite System (operates JPSS1 & JPSS2 satellites)• JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA)• km Kilometer• LAC Local Area Coverage (data from POES AVHRR)• M2/A METOP-A satellite• Mbps Megabits per second• MBps Megabytes per second• McIDAS Man-computer Interactive Data Access System• METOP Meteorological Operation (METOP A, B, C series EUMETSAT satellites)• MHS Microwave Humidity Sounder (NOAA/NESDIS)• MIRS Microwave Integrated Retrieval System , Version 5 (NOAA/NESDIS)• MOA Memorandum of Agreement• MODIS Moderate Resolution Spectroradiometer (NASA data product)• MSPPS Microwave Surface and Precipitation Products System• MTSAT-1R & 2 Multi-functional Transport Satellites (1R and 2) (Japan Meteorological Agency)• N/A Not Applicable• NAM North American Model• NASA National Atmospheric and Space Administration• NASA/JPL NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory• NAVOCEANO Naval Oceanographic Office (located at Stennis Space Center, Mississippi)• NCEP National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NOAA)• NDE NPOESS Development and Exploitation• NESDIS National Environmental Satellite, Data, and Information Service (NOAA)• netCDF4 Network Common Data Form, Version 4 (data product file format)

Acronyms

• NGDC National Geophysical Data Center (NOAA)• NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (Department of Commerce)• NOAA GS NOAA Government Service• NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System• NPP NPOESS Preparatory Project• NPR Nation Public Radio (news media)• NSOF NOAA Satellite Operations Facility (located in Suitland, MD)• NWP Numerical Weather Prediction• NWS National Weather Service (NOAA)• OceanSAT2 Remote sensing satellite (India)• OIG Office of the Inspector General (Dept of Commerce)• OSD Office of Systems Development• OSPO Office of Satellite Products and Operations• OSTM Ocean Surface Topography Mission (onboard the JASON-2 Satellite, CNES) • PAC Procurement, Acquisition, and Construction • PEPS Post EUMETSAT Polar System• PGF Product Generation Facility• PM Post Meridiem• POES Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellites• PSDI Product Systems Development and Implementation• Qtr, Q Calendar Quarter• RR Rain Rate (MIRS product))• RWP Rain Water Path (MIRS product)• SAC-C RO Satelite de Aplicaciones Cientificas-C Radio Occultation (Argentina)• SAN Storage Area Network• SAR Search and Rescue• SARP Search And Rescue Processor• SARR Search And Rescue Repeater

Acronyms• SARSAT Search and Rescue Satellite Aided Tracking (NOAA)• SBUV/2 Solar Backscattered Ultraviolet Radiometer, Version 2 (Ozone instrument on POES satellite)• S/C Spacecraft• SeaWiFS Sea-viewing Wide Field of view Sensor• SEM Space Environment Monitor• SEVIRI Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (METEOSAT-9 satellite)• SSM/I Special Sensor Microwave/Imager• SSM/IS Special Sensor Microwave/Imager Sounder (DMSP)• SST Sea Surface Temperature• STAR Center for Satellite Application and Research (NOAA/NESDIS)• SVL Svalbard, Norway• SWPC Space Weather Prediction Center• SXI Solar X-Ray Imager• TBD To be determined• TERRA NASA EOS satellite • TMI TRMM Microwave Imager • TRaP Tropical Rainfall Potential (related to eTRaP)• tVCDUs t Virtual Channel Data Unit• UCAR University Corporation for Atmospheric Research• U.S., USA United States of America\• USAF United States Air Force• UTC Universal Time Coordinated• UV Ultraviolet• VA Virginia• VAAC Washington Volcanic Ash Advisory Center• VIIRS Visible/Infrared Imager Radiometer Suite• XRS X-Ray Sensor