ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL …6.4.3 Overall design framework for Jalgaon 6-50 6.4.4...

AS PER MPCB NEW GUIDELINE FINAL DRAFT REPORT

ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT ENVIRONMENTAL STATUS REPORT

2008200820082008----09090909

For

JALGAON CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, JALGAONJALGAON CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, JALGAONJALGAON CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, JALGAONJALGAON CITY MUNICIPAL CORPORATION, JALGAON

Prepared by

Dr.S.R.Thorat Associate Professor

School of Environmental and Earth Sciences

North Maharashtra University, Jalgaon 425001 (M.S.) India

2009200920092009

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Sr. No. Chapter Name Page Number

1. The City 1 (1-25)

1.1 Geography 1-1

1.2 Geology 1-1

1.3 Climate 1-2

1.4 Forest wealth 1-5

1.5 Land use 1-12

1.6 Water supply 1-17

2. The people and the life 2 (1-20)

2.1 Population 2-1

2.2 Economic activity 2-4

2.3 Social infrastructure 2-8

2.4 Roads and transport 2-10

2.5 Communication facilities 2-13

2.6 Power supply 2-16

2.7 Health facility 2-17

2.8 Education facilities 2-19

3. Municipal refuse 3 (1-31)

3.1 Sewage system 3-1

3.2 Solid waste management system 3-7

3.3 Hospital waste management 3-30

4. Environmental pollution 4 (1-41)

4.1 Environmental pollution 4-1

4.2 Air quality 4-2

4.3 Noise level 4-9

4.4 Water quality 4-13

4.5 Solid waste 4-31

4.6 Bio-medical waste 4-35

4.7 Estimation of environment quality index 4-38

4.8 Estimation of urban infrastructure index 4-40

4.9 Estimation of quality of life index 4-41

5. Health Effects 5 (1-30)

5.1 Background 5-1

5.2 The problem 5-2

5.3 Health care facility in JCMC area 5-8

5.4 Future strategy and action plan 5-29

6. Development planning 6 (1-53)

6.1 Vision of Jalgaon city 6-1

6.2 Development plan 6-4

6.3 Gunthewari system 6-47

6.4 City investment plan, strategies and implementation plan 6-49

6.5 Institutitional services 6-52

7. Analysis of Situation and Conclusions 7 (1-23)

7.1 Environmental degradation –why and how? 7-1

7.2 Town planning 7-4

7.3 Housing 7-9

7.4 Industrial sector 7-15

7.5 Traffic and transport 7-17


7.7 Riverine system of Jalgaon 7-20

7.8 Conclusion 7-21

8. Environment Management Plan 8 (1-11)

1 Vision of JCMC 8-1

2 Population growth and urbanization 8-1

3 Air and noise environment 8-1

4 Water resources and sanitation 8-2

5 Land environment 8-3

6 Biological environment 8-6

7 Socio-economic environment 8-8

8 JCMC development challenges 8-10

9. List of Annexure 9 (1-17)

Annexure –I environmental legislations 9-1

Annexure –II Ambient air quality standards (National) 9-2

Annexure –III Noise (Ambient air quality standards) 9-3

Annexure – IV Municipal solid wastes (Management and handling ) rules, 1999.

9-4

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Chapter Name Page Number

1. The City 1 (1-25)

1.1 Geography 1-1

1.1 National and Regional Setting 1-1

1.2 Geology 1-1

1.2.1 Soil 1-2

1.3 Climate 1-2

1.3.1 Rainfall 1-2

1.3.2 Temperature 1-2

1.3.3 Humidity 1-2

1.3.4 Wind 1-2

1.4 Forest wealth 1-5

1.5 Land use 1-12

1.5.1 Agriculture 1-16

1.6 Water supply 1-17

1.6.1 Sources of Water supply 1-18

1.6.2 Permanent water supply system 1-20

1.6.3 Augmented water supply scheme 1-23

1.6.4 Issues, potential and challenges in water supply sector 1-24

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2. The people and the life 2 (1-20)

2.1 Population 2-1

2.1.1 Demography and population growth 2-1

2.1.2 Municipal area and population density 2-1

2.1.3 Population projection 2-2

2.1.4 Migration pattern 2-4

2.1.5 Literacy rate 2-4

2.2 Economic activity 2-4

2.2.1 The central business areas 2-4

2.2.2 Economic base 2-5

2.2.3 Employment profile 2-5

2.2.4 Occupational structure 2-6

2.2.5 Industrial sector 2-6

2.2.6 Trade and Commerce 2-6

2.2.7 Major issues affecting the industrial growth of Jalgaon 2-8

2.3 Social infrastructure 2-8

2.3.1 Health facilities 2-8

2.3.2 Educational facilities 2-8

2.3.3 Fire services 2-8

2.3.4 Police stations 2-9

2.3.5 Hotels 2-9

2.3.6 Heritage / Important buildings 2-9

2.4 Roads and transport 2-10

2.4.1 Major roads of Jalgaon city 2-11

2.4.2 Major district roads 2-11

2.4.3 Other district roads 2-11

2.5 Communication facilities 2-13

2.6 Power supply 2-16


2.8 Education facilities 2-19

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3. Municipal refuse 3 (1-31)

3.1 Sewage system 3-1

3.1.1 Existing collection system 3-1

3.1.2 Proposed plan for sewerage and sanitation 3-2

3.2 Solid waste management system 3-7

3.2.1 Existing status of collection and disposal 3-8

3.2.2 Design and implementation of collection and transportation

system

3-19

3.2.3 Other compliance criteria – system planned for implementation

3-21

3.2.4 Collection and transportation of waste 3-25

3.2.5 Processing and disposal 3-25

3.2.6 Solid waste management micro-plan 3-26

3.2.7 Proposed system for solid waste management 3-27

3.3 Hospital waste management 3-30

3.3.1 Ongoing initiatives 3-30

3.3.2 Issues, potential and challenges in sewage and sanitation

sector

3-31

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4. Environmental pollution 4 (1-41)

4.1 Environment 4-1

4.2 Air quality 4-2

4.3 Noise level 4-9

4.4 Water quality 4-13

4.4.1 Types of water pollution 4-14

4.4.2 Estimation of water quality index 4-25

4.5 Solid waste 4-31

4.6 Bio-medical waste 4-35

4.7 Estimation of environment quality index 4-38

4.8 Estimation of urban infrastructure index 4-40

4.9 Estimation of quality of life index 4-41

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5. Health Effects 5 (1-30)

5.1 Background 5-1

5.2 The problem 5-2

5.2.1 Air pollution 5-2

5.2.2 Indoor air pollution 5-3

5.2.3 Water pollution 5-3

5.2.4 Ground water pollution 5-4

5.2.5 Noise pollution 5-4

5.2.6 Sanitation and hygiene 5-4

5.2.6.1 Infectious diseases 5-5

5.2.6.2 Fan-out of diseases 5-6

5.3 Health care facility in JCMC area 5-8

5.3.1 Infant mortality rate 5-8

5.3.2 Maternal mortality rate 5-8

5.3.3 Communicable diseases 5-9

5.3.3.1 Water borne disease 5-9

5.3.3.2 Air borne diseases 5-9

5.3.4 Skin diseases 5-9

5.3.5 Diseases transmitted through mosquitoes 5-9

5.4 Future strategy and action plan 5-29

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6. Development Planning 6 (1-53)

6.1 Vision of Jalgaon city 6-1

6.1.1 Improvement aspects 6-1

6.1.2 Vision statement 6-2

6.1.3. Mission statement 6-2

6.1.4 Assessment of physical infrastructure 6-2

6.1.5 Approach for formulating the vision 6-3

6.2 Development plan 6-4

6.2.1 Land use analysis 6-6

6.2.2 Urbanizable land – proposed land use 2011 6-6

6.2.3 Roads and parking 6-10

6.2.3.1 Parking sector 6-14

6.2.4 Water supply 6-17

6.2.5 Sewerage and sanitation 6-21

6.2.6 Strom water drains 6-25

6.2.7 Solid waste management 6-30

6.2.8 Environment and development of Lakes 6-33

6.2.9 Urban renewable 6-36

6.2.10 Heritage conservation and tourism 6-41

6.2.11 Basic service for the urban poor 6-44

6.2.12 Efforts for planned development 6-45

6.2.13 Implementation of the development plan 6-45

6.2.14 Key issues 6-47

6.3 Gunthewari system 6-47

6.3.1 Audit objectives 6-48

6.3.2 Audit criteria 6-48

6.3.3 Scope of audit 6-48

6.3.4 Audit methodology 6-48

6.3.5 IT security 6-48

6.4 City investment plan, strategies and implementation plan 6-49

6.4.1 City investment plan (CIP) 6-49

6.4.2 Institutionalizing the CIP process 6-49

6.4.3 Overall design framework for Jalgaon 6-50

6.4.4 Summery of Investment 6-50

6.5 Institutional services 6-52

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7. Analysis of Situation and Conclusions 7 (1-23)

7.1 Environmental degradation –why and how? 7-1

7.1.1 Social factors 7-1

7.1.1.1 Population 7-1

7.1.1.2 Poverty 7-1

7.1.1.3 Urbanization 7-2

7.1.2 Economic factors 7-2

7.1.2.1 Traffic and transport 7-3

7.1.2.2 Agriculture development 7-3

7.1.3 Institutional factors 7-3

7.1.3.4 Environmental aspects 7-4

7.2 Town Planning 7-4

7.2.1 Roads 7-5

7.2.1.1 Market 7-6

7.2.2 Open spaces 7-7

7.2.3 Gardens in Jalgaon city 7-7

7.2.4 Water conservation 7-8

7.2.4.1 Ongoing initiatives 7-8

7.2.4.2 Augmented water supply scheme 7-8

7.3 Housing 7-9

7.3.1 Slum improvement (indecent locality reformation) 7-10

7.3.2 Slum upgradation schemes in Jalgaon 7-10

7.3.3 List of ongoing schemes and programmes – EWS housing

project

7-11

7.3.4 Gunthewari system 7-14

7.4 Industrial sector 7-15

7.4.1 Business 7-15

7.4.2 Major issues affecting the industrial growth of Jalgaon 7-16

7.5 Traffic and Transport 7-17

7.5.1 Railway sector 7-17

7.5.2 Public transport 7-17

7.5.3 Present status 7-18


7.6.1 Slums with health unit provision 7-20

7.7 Riverine system of Jalgaon 7-20

7.7.1 Description of Girna river 7-20

7.7.2 Description of Waghur river 7-20

7.8 Conclusions 7-21

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Chapter Name

Page Number

8.

Environment Management Plan

8 (1-11)

1 Vision of JCMC 8-1

2 Population growth and urbanization 8-1

3 Air and noise environment 8-1

4 Water resources and sanitation 8-2

5 Land environment 8-3

6 Biological environment 8-6

7 Socio-economic environment 8-8

8 JCMC development challenges 8-10

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No.

Chapter Name

Page Number

9.

List of Annexure

9 (1-17)

Annexure –I environmental legislations 9-1

Annexure –II Ambient air quality standards (National) 9-2

Annexure –III Noise (Ambient air quality standards) 9-3

Annexure – IV Municipal solid wastes (Management and handling )

rules, 1999.

9-4

Chapter 1: The City

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Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation ESR - 2008-09

1. The city

1.1: GEOGRAPHY

Jalgaon town lies between 20° and 21° north latitudes and 74° 55' to 76° 28' east longitudes,

in the northern part of the state and is situated at about 201 meters above mean sea level. It

is 50 miles northeast of Dhulia and 420 km from Mumbai. Before the introduction of British

rule, Jalgaon was inferior to both the towns of Nasirabad and to the neighboring village of

Mehrun, from which it is locally known as Jalgaon Mehrun. Jalgaon and Bhusawal are the

main railway stations on the Mumbai – Kolkata broad gauge line of the southwestern

railway. Similarly Jalgaon can also be approached by state transport bus from Dhulia,

Aurangabad and Khandwa. The National highway no. 6 (Nagpur-Mumbai) passes through

the area.

1.1.1: National and Regional Setting: Jalgaon district is in the valley of the River Tapi.

Jalgaon is the head quarter of the Jalgaon district in the Nasik revenue division of the

Maharashtra state. Occupying a strategic place on the NH no. 6 and other important state

highways, Jalgaon is an important railway station on Bombay-Delhi broad gauge railway

line. The total area included under the Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is 6824.27

hectares including the old Jalgaon limit of 1145.42 hectares and the extended limit of

5678.85 hectares.

1.2: GEOLOGY

The plateau basalt of Cretaceous-Eocene age known as Deccan Traps constitute one of the

most extensive flood basalt of the world. It extends over 5, 00,000 sq. km. area in the

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western and central parts of the peninsular India mostly in Maharashtra and parts of Gujarat,

Madhya Pradesh and Karnataka.

1.2.1: Soil: Jalgaon district forms Deccan plateau which is contributed by basaltic trap rock.

Weathering of trap rock forms black cotton soil. Tapi river flowing from east to west

throughout the district has deposited rich alluvial soil on both the banks. The soil in this

region is exceedingly fertile and eminently suitable for growing crops such as cotton and

banana. The soil is also suitable for growing a variety of other crops such as wheat, chillies,

jowar, groundnut and pulses, provided that regular water supply is assured. The leading

products are therefore Jowar, Raw cotton and Banana depending on the good quality of soil.

India contributes 25% share of the Banana production in the world, out of which Jalgaon

district has 2% shares in the overall Banana market.

1.3: CLIMATE

Jalgaon has got pretty diverse climate. It is exceptionally hot and dry during summer that

lasts from the month of March to May. The summer is the driest part of the year. The sky is

generally clear except during the monsoon season, when sky is heavily clouded. Monsoon

starts from June to September, which is followed by winter season from December to

February. Wind directions are generally southwest to north east.

1.3.1: Rainfall: Jalgaon district receives an average rainfall of about 690 mm, which is

followed by pleasant temperature in winter. About 90% of the annual rainfall is received

during four months of monsoon from June to September. The amount of rainfall received

per year does not vary greatly.

1.3.2: Temperature: The temperature in the city is considerably high in the month of May.

It varies from 10oC to 48

oC. The average temperature of the city is about 25.1

oC where as

the highest and lowest temperatures recorded are 48°C and 10.3oC respectively.

1.3.3: Humidity: The relative humidity is highest i.e. 92% in August and lowest i.e. 16% in

April. The summer is driest part of the year.

1.3.4: Wind: Wind is generally light in morning. It blows from direction between southwest

and northeast. In the afternoon wind strengthens and sometime moves to north or northeast

direction. In the later part of the summer season and monsoon season the winds are stronger

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and blow predominantly from southwesterly or westerly direction. In the post monsoon

season winds are light and variable in direction in the morning and between north and west

in afternoon. In the hot season wind blows in direction between southwest and northeast. In

association with monsoon depressions and to lesser extent post monsoon storms, the region

experiences strong winds and widespread rains. Thunderstorms can occur in the latter half

of the summer and post monsoon season. Dust – storms or dust raining winds occurs

sometime in the pre-monsoon months.

Table 1.1: Weather observation in Jalgaon region

Months Mean Temperature (0C) Average Relative

Humidity (%)

Wind speed

(km/hr)

Prevailing

Wind

direction Maximum Minimum

April 08 40.10 25.25 41.48 5.00 W,SW

May 08 41.90 27.24 49.01 5.65 E,S

June 08 39.20 27.71 50.46 5.28 E,SW

July 08 38.20 28.58 51.80 7.09 E,WS

August 08 33.80 26.24 71.82 4.39 E,SE

September 08 32.57 24.80 73.42 4.73 W,SW

October 08 32.46 20.90 71.05 1.89 W,S

November 08 29.81 14.70 64.23 2.01 W,WS

December 08 25.45 09.98 65.13 2.29 W,WS

January 09 23.10 08.40 71.48 4.08 W,SE

February 09 26.94 12.12 61.78 6.02 W,WS

March 09 38.22 16.50 39.86 5.47 W.WS

___________________________

_____________________


012345678

Wind speed (km/hr)

Figure

01020304050607080

Humidity (%)

Figure 1.2:

01020304050

Tem

perature in degree celicus

Figure 1.1:

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April 2008 to March 2009

igure1.3: Showing wind speed (km/hr) in Jalgaon city


igure 1.2: Showing average relative humidity (%) in Jal


gure 1.1: Showing mean maximum and minimum temp

Jalgoan city

Max

Mini

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gaon city

Wind speed

(km/hr)

in Jalgaon city

% Humidity

temperature in

Maximum temperature

Minimum temperature

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1.4: FOREST WEALTH

In Jalgaon, total forest cover in 1993 was 67.33sq.km. There are at present no natural forests

remaining within the Jalgaon Municipal limits. Forests department has been trying to

establish a good green cover but is usually under financial constraints and also there is an

apparent lack of participation in unison with the Department of Social Forestry and

Municipal Departments. Watershed Management was started by the irrigation department

earlier but was closed due to lack of funds.

Department of forestry have carried out plantation at two places-

• Mohadi road, Landor Khori valley

• Samta nagar, Khumbhar Khori

Jalgaon city has three patches of forestland viz., one patch along the extreme southern side

and two patches towards the southwestern side. Department of Forestry has not gone for

plantation scheme behind Jain Irrigation but has been practicing cultivation of grasses. The

patch had started an interpretation center. However, there is apparent lack of vision and

interest among common citizens of Jalgaon.

Land dwelling birds like larks are the common inhabitance of this area. The migratory birds

like Tree pie was also sighted in this area. It is an excellent foraging ground for the land

dwelling birds and herbivorous animals. This area is ideal for reptiles like Saw- scaled

vipers, Indian cobra, Common krait and Russell’s viper. Certain lizard species are also

present in the area. Following table gives list of flora and fauna in the area.

Table 1.2: Flora (List of plant species)

Sr. No. Botanical name Family Type Abundance

1. Abelmoschus manihot

(L.) Medic

Malvaceae Herb F

2. Abelmoschus pannosum

(Forst. F) Schlet

Malvaceae Tree F

3. Abitulon indicum (L.)

Sweet

Malvaceae Tree C

4. Acacia catechu Willd Mimosaceae Tree C

5. Acacia chundra (Roxb

ex. Rottle) Willd

Mimosaceae Tree C

6. Acacia leocophloea

(Roxb.) Willd

Mimosaceae Tree C

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7. Acacia nilotica (L.) spp

indica (Bth.) Brenan

Mimosaceae Tree F

8. Acalypha malbarica

Muell- Arg

Euphorbiaceae Herb VC

9. Acanthospermum

hispidum DC.

Asteraceae Herb C

10. Achyranthes aspera L. Amaranthaceae Herb R

11. Aegle marmelos (L.)

Correa

Rulaceae Tree R

12. Alternanthera sessilis

(L.) DC

Amaranthaceae Herb C

13. Alysicarpous

tetragonolobus Edgew.

Fabaceae Herb C

14. Ampelociccus latifolia

(Roxb.) Planch

Vitaceae Climber VC

15. Andropogon pumilus

Roxb.

Poacaea Herb VC

16. Anogeissus latifolia

(Roxb ex DC.) Wall

Combretaceae Tree C

17. Apluda mutica L. Poacaea Herb VC

18. Areva lantana (l.) A. L.

Juss


19. Argyreia sericea Dalz. Convolvulaceae Climber F

20. Aristida adscensionis L. Poacaea Herb VC

21. Azadirachta indica (L.)

Juss

Meliaceae Tree C

22. Azanza lampas Alef. Malvaceae Herb R

23. Balanites aegyptiaca (L.)

Delile

Balanitaceae Shrub VC

24. Barleria lawii T. Acanthaceae Herb C

25. Bauhinia racemosa Lam. Caesalpinaceae Herb C

26. Biophytum sensitivum

DC.

Oxylidaceae Herb VC

27. Boerhavia diffusa L. Nyctaginaceae Herb VC

28. Boswellia serrata Roxb.

Ex Colebr.

Burseraceae Tree C

29. Brachiararia eruciformis

(J. E. Sm.) Eriseb.

Poacaea Herb VC

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30. Bridelia retusa (L.) Spr. Euphorbiaceae Tree C

31. Butea monosperma

(Lam.) Taub

Fabaceae Tree VC

32. Butea superba Roxb. Fabaceae Climber R

33. Caesaria elliptica Willd Flacourtiaceae Shrub F

34. Caesulia axillaries Roxb. Asteraceae Herb F

35. Calatropis procera (Ait)

R. Br.

Asclepiadaceae Shrub R

36. Capparis decisua

(Forsk.) Edgeworth

Cappariaceae Shrub F

37. Capparius spinosa L. Cappariaceae Shrub F

38. Caralluma adscendens

(Roxb.) R. Br.

Asclepiadaceae Herb R

39. Carbiospermum

microcarpa Kunth

Sapiadaceae Climber F

40. Cassia auriculata L. Caesalpinaceae Shrub VC

41. Cassia fistula L. Caesalpinaceae Tree R

42. Cassia pumila Lam. Caesalpinaceae Herb VC

43. Cassia tora L. Caesalpinaceae Herb VC

44. Cayratia trifolia (L.)

Domin

Vitaceae Climber F

45. Celastrus paniculatus

Willd

Celastraceae Climber F

46. Chloris barbata Swartz Poaceae Herb C

47. Cissus woodrowii

Santapau

Vitaceae Climber C

48. Cleome monophylla L. Cleomaceae Herb C

49. Cleome viscosa L. Cleomaceae Herb C

50. Cocculus hirsutus (L.)

Diels

Menispermaceae Herb C

51. Coix gangantea Koen

ex. Roxb.

Poaceae Herb VC

52. Commelina

benghalnensis L.

Commelinaceae Herb C

53. Corchorus aestuans L. Tiliaceae Herb C

54. Cordia dichotoma Frostf. Cordiaceae Tree C

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55. Crysopogon fulvus (Spr.)

Chiov.

Poeceae Herb VC

56. Cyclea peltata (Lam.)

Hook and Thoms.

Menispermaceae Climber R

57. Cynodon dactylon Pers. Poaceae Herb F

58. Cyperus rubicundus

Vahl.

Cyperaceae Herb F

59. Desmodium

heterocarpum ( L.) DC.

Fabaceae Herb C

60. Desmodium gangeticum

(L.) DC.

Fabaceae Herb C

61. Dioscoria bulbifera L. Dioscoraceae Herb C

62. Dioscoria pentaphylla L. Dioscoraceae Climber R

63. Diospyros melanoxylon

Roxb.

Ebenaceae Tree C

64. Diplocyclos palmatus

(L.) C. Jeffry

Cucurbitaceae Climber F

65. Doiichandrome falcate

Seem.

Bignoniaceae Tree R

66. Duranta spp. Verbenaceae Shrub F

67. Elephantopus scader L. Asteraceae Herb R

68. Eluesine indica (L.)

Gaertn.

Poaceae Herb C

69. Enicostema axillare

(Lam.) Raynal

Gentianaceae Herb C

70. Euphorbia thymifolia L. Euphorbiaceae Herb C

71. Euphorbia geniculata

Orteg.

Euphorbiaceae Herb C

72. Evolvulus alsinoides (L.)

I.

Convolvulaceae Herb VC

73. Flacourtia indica (Burm.

f.) Merr.

Flacourtiaceae Shrub F

74. Gloriosa superba L. Liliaceae Climber C

75. Grewia tilaetolian Teliaceae Tree C

76. Helicteres isora L. Starculiaceae Shrub F

77. Hemidesmus indicus (L.)

Schultes

Asclepiadaceae Climber F

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78. Heteropogon contortus

(L.) P. Beauv.

Poaceae Herb C

79. Indigofera linifolia (L. f.)

Retz.

Fabaceae Herb VC

80. Indigofera triata L. Fabaceae Herb VC

81. Ipomea eriocarpa R. Br. Convolvulaceae Climber F

82. Ipomea mauritiana Jacq. Convolvulaceae Climber F

83. Isailema laxun Hack. Poaceae Herb Common

84. Justicia

quinqueangularis var

peploides Koen.

Acantheaceae Herb VC

85. Justicia simplex D. Acantheaceae Herb VC

86. Lagascea mollis Cav. Asteraceae Herb F

87. Lagerstroemia parviflora

Roxb.

Lythraceae Tree C

88. Lannea coromandelica

(Haut.) Merrill

Anacardiaceae Tree F

89. Lantana camera var.

aculeate (L.) Moldenke

Verbenaceae Shrub C

90. Lepidagaphis cristata

Willd

Acanthaceae Herb R

91. Leucas cephalotes

(Roxb.) Spr.

Lamiaceae Herb C

92. Leucas zeylanica (L.) R.

Br.

Lamiaceae Herb C

93. Luffa acutangula (L.)

Roxb. var amara (Roxb)

C. B. CL.

Cucurbitaceae Climber R

94. Malva coromandeliana

L.

Malvaceae Herb R

95. Mangifera indica L. Anacardiaceae Tree C

96. Marstenia wettakaka Periplocaceae Tree R

97. Maytenus heyneana

(Roth) Raju and Babu

Celastraceae Shrub VC

98. Maytenus rothrana Lob-

Callu

Celastraceae Shrub VC

99. Melanocenchris

jacquemontii Jaub.

Poaceae Herb VC

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100. Minosa hamata Willd Mimosaceae Shrub C

101. Mitragyna parvifolia

(Roxb.) Korth.

Rubiaceae Tree C

102. Morinda pubescens J. E.

Sm.

Rubiaceae Tree C

103. Morinda tomentosa

Heyneex Roth

Rubiaceae Tree C

104. Moringa concanensis

Nimmo

Moringaceae Tree C

105. Mucuna pruriens (L.)

DC

Fabaceae Climber R

106. Neonitis rheedii (Wall ex

Wight and Ara.) W. H.

Lewis

Rubiaceae Herb F

107. Opuntia spp. Euphorbiaceae Shrub R

108. Orthosiphon pallidus

Royle ex Bth

Lamiaceae Herb C

109. Oscimum gratissimum L. Lamiaceae Herb C

110. Oxalis carniculata L. Oxylidaceae Herb C

111. Panicum notatum Retz. Poaceae Herb C

112. Phonoxsylves (L.) Roxb. Arecaceae Tree F

113. Phyllanthus fraternus

Webster

Euphorbiaceae Herb C

114. Plimbago zeylanica L. Plumbaginaceae Herb C

115. Pulicania wightiana

(DC.) C. B. Cl.

Asteraceae Herb C

116. Pupalia lappacea (L.) A.

L Juss


117. Rhynchosia rothii Bth ex

Ait.

Fabaceae Herb R

118. Rivea hypocrateriformis

choisy

Convolvulaceae Herb

R

119. Scrophularia Chinensis

L.

Scrophulariaceae Herb F

120. Senscio dalzellii C. B.

Cl.

Asteraceae Herb C

121. Sida cordata (Burm. F.)

Borssum

Malvaceae Herb C

Chapter 1: The City

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122. Sida spinosa L. Malvaceae Herb C

123. Sitaria pumila (Poir) R

and S.

Poaceae Herb VC

124. Solanum nigrum L. Solanaceae Herb F

125. Sopubia delphinifolia

(L.) D. Don

Scrophulariaceae Herb C

126. Spermacoce pusilla Wall Rubiaceae Herb VC

127. Spoindios pinnata (L. f.)

Rurz.

Anacardiaceae Tree C

128. Sporobolus

coromandelianus (Retz.)

Kunth

Poaceae Herb R

129. Tamarix ericoides Rottl Tamaricaceae Herb F

130. Tectona grandis L. Verbanaceae Tree F

131. Terminalia bellerica

(Gaertn.)Roxb.

Combretaceae Tree C

132. Terminalia arjuna (Roxb

ex Dc.) Wight and Arn

Combretaceae Tree C

133. Terminalia bellerica

(Gaertn.)Roxb.

Combretaceae Tree C

134. Treminalia crenulata

Roth.

Combretaceae Tree F

135. Themeda quadrivalvis

(L.) O. ktze

Poaceae Herb C

136. Tragia involucrate L. Euphorbiaceae Climber F

137. Tribulus terrestria L. H. Zygophyllaceae Herb C

138. Tricodesma indicum (L.)

R. Br.

Boraginaceae Herb C

139. Tridax procumbens L. Asteraceae Herb C

140. Triumphetta rotundifolia

L.

Tiliaceae Herb VC

141. Triumphetta pilosa Roth. Tiliaceae Herb C

142. Tylophora dalzellii Hook Asclepiadaceae Herb C

143. Vanfimbriata (Wall.)

Grav and Mayur

Asclepiadaceae Herb C

144. Veinoma cinerea (L.)

Less

Asteraceae Herb C

Chapter 1: The City

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____________________________________________________________________1-12


145. Vigna Trilobata (L.)

Verdc.

Fabaceae Herb C

146. Vitex nigunda L. Verbenaceae Shrub C

147. Wrightia tinctoria

(Roxb.) R. Br.

Apocynaceae Tree R

148. Xanthium strumcrium L. Asteraceae Herb VC

149. Ziziphus mauritrana

lamk

Rhamnaceae Tree C

150. Ziziphus rugosa lamk Rhamnaceae Tree R

(Abundance Code: C=Common, F = Frequent, VC = Very Common, R = Rare )

Table 1.3: List of birds

Sr. No. Scientific Name Local Name Family

1. Spizaetus cirrhatus Sahabaj Accipitridae

2. Hirundo daurica Pakoli Artamidae

3. Halycon smyrnonsis Khandya Alccdinidac

4. Tocaus biorostris Rakhi Dhanesh Bucerotidae

5. Megalaimarubri capilla Pukpukiya Capitonidae

6. Corvus splendens Dom Kawla Corvidae

7. Corvus macrohynchos Dom kaola Corvidae

8. Dicrurus adeimilis Kootwal Dicruritae

9. Oriolus oriolus Peelak Oriolitae

10. Passer domesticus Kawala Passerinae

11. Acridotheres tristis Salunkhi Sturnibae

Source: Miss Shitij Mehta, MASHAL & Mr. Sachin Punekar, Department of Botany, University of Pune

1.5: LAND USE

Land use assessment helps us to understand the development pattern of the city and its future

growth directions. Jalgaon is developing rapidly due to the availability of natural resources such

as good agricultural land and due to the fast growing industrialization, trade and commerce and

convenient transportation and communication links. This area is ever increasing and Jalgaon

cooperative industrial society and MIDC are working towards it. JCMC has undertaken the

construction of shops, offices under self-financial scheme at various location of the city. With

Chapter 1: The City

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____________________________________________________________________1-13


the remaining money public utilities infrastructure like primary school building, health center,

water supply, streetlights, road, gutter, garden, housing for economically weaker section etc.

would be built up.

Table 1.4: Existing land use analysis – Old Municipal Limit (1983)

Table 1.5: Existing land use analysis – Extended Municipal Limit (2002)

Sr.

No.

Land Use Area in

hectares

Percentage (%)

1. Residential 164.97 14.14

2. Commercial 19.01 1.63

3. Industrial 693.27 59.41

4. Public Semi Public 84.73 7.26

5. Public utility 8.22 0.70

6. Transport & Communication

– Road and Railway 196.75 16.86

7. Garden, Play Ground &

fairground etc. - -

Total 1166.95* 100.00

Source: Development Plan Report

Sr.

No.

Land Use Area in

hectares

Percentage



3. Industrial 693.27 12.12


5. Transport & Communication – Road and

Railway 196.75 3.49

6. Garden, Play Ground & fair ground etc. - -

7. Agriculture land 3193.23 56.23


Chapter 1: The City

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Source: Solid waste management – DPR with micro plan

Table 1.6: Proposed land use analysis - Additional area (2011) -

Sr.

No.

Land Use Proposed land Use – 2011

Area in

Hectares

% Developed

area

Proposed

Land use %

1. Residential 2847.12 63.38 50.13

2. Commercial 53.45 1.19 0.94

3. Industrial 799.00 17.26 14.06

4. Public Semi - Public 173.61 3.86 3.05

5. Public utility 34.36 0.76 0.60


i. Roads 444.49 9.91 7.82

ii. Railways 37.37 0.83 1.02

7. Park, open space & Playgrounds 102.21 2.31 1.79

Total Developed Area 4491.61 100.00

8. Water Bodies 100.62 - 1.77

9. Agriculture Land 1086.62 - 18.82

Total 5678.85* - 100.00

Source: Development Plan Report 1993 * Existing Land use is not included in the above areas

9. Vacant land 1259.67 1.01

10. Water bodies 59.00 1.04

Total 5678.85 100.00

Chapter 1: The City

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Map 1.1: Showing existing land use of Jalgaon city

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-16


1.5.1: Agriculture: The Agriculture Produce Market Committee, Jalgaon District was

established at Jalgaon city in Maharashtra state in the year 1938, under the Maharashtra

Agricultural Produce Marketing (Regulation Act). The market area of this Jalgaon Market

Committee was whole Jalgaon taluka of Jalgaon district. It comprises of 86 villages. Jalgaon

is located within the productive, irrigated agricultural region of Khandesh and is a

significant collection and distribution center of agricultural goods and agriculture-based

industries. The leading products are jowar, raw cotton and banana; the region’s rich volcanic

soil is particularly well suited to cotton production. In Maharashtra, Jalgaon is in first

position in area of cotton and fourth in productivity. The area under, Bt-cotton is about 85%

and stood first. The area under banana cultivation is about 0.52 lakhs ha. In case of area,

production and productivity (62 MT/ha) Jalgaon district stands first in Maharashtra. Banana

grown in the district are exported outside the state and to other countries. Jalgaon is an

important center for cotton-textile and vegetable oil mills, particularly groundnut-oil and

hydrogenation plants. Jalgaon district stands on second position in use of chemical fertilizers

whereas under micro-irrigation systems Jalgaon district stand first. Out of total 0.54 lakhs

hectares under micro-irrigation, 0.52 lakhs hectares is under drip and 0.02 lakhs hectares is

under sprinkler irrigation.

Table 1.7: Major commodities imported, exported and manufactured in Jalgaon

Sr.

No.

Commodities

manufactured

Commodities

exported

Commodities

imported

1. Plastic Corn Tea

2. Cotton bales Cotton Sweet oil

3. Sugar Plastic Cloth

Source: JCMC

Table 1.8: Area production productivity of Jalgaon district during 2007-08

Sr.

No.

Product Area

(hectares)

Production

(ton)

Productivity

(kg/hectare)

Kharif

1. Cotton 4123 8974 370 (00 bales)

2. Sugarcane 180 11160 62 ton/hec

3. Jowar 1147 2607 2273

4. Bajra 358 490 1370

Chapter 1: The City

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5. Maize 736 2370 3220

Total cereals 2241 5467 -

6. Tur 175 146 834

7. Moong 466 254 546

8. Udid 596 341 572

Total pulses 1237 741 -

9. Groundnut 37 34 921

10. Sesamum 186 81 436

11. Sunflower 13 6 425

12. Soybean 192 313 1632

Total oil seeds 428 434 -

Rabi

13. Jowar 26560 38778 1460

14. Wheat 52180 106447 2040

15. Maize 6800 15448 2860

Total cereals 85540 160673 -

16. Gram 30850 29308 950

17. Sunflower 2490 1693 680

Summer

18. Groundnut 4400 8492 1930

19. Sunflower 370 329 890

20. Bajra 12900 - -

21. Maize 2320 4640 2000

Source: Oil Seed Research Center Pimprala, Jalgaon

1.6: WATER SUPPLY

Water is an essential ingredient of animal and plant life. Man can live without food but not

without water because water is primary need for life. Water is one of the most important

governing units of life also required in everyday chore right from cooking to bathing, cleaning,

recreation, sports, etc. Provision of infrastructure by public agencies has traditionally been

considered as a social responsibility due to welfare considerations. Generally the municipal

Chapter 1: The City

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____________________________________________________________________1-18


water is used for drinking purposes and other domestic purposes in cities and towns. Hence,

water conditioning and wastewater treatment have long been essential practical functions of

municipalities.

From ancient times Mehrun Lake was the main supplier of water to the population of Jalgaon.

Water was supplied by means of iron pipes from the Mehrun Lake two miles south of the town.

The Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is responsible for providing water supply within the

city. There are two water filtration plants: Girna water filtration plant and Dapora water

filtration plant, owned by the JCMC. The Dapora natural water filtration plant was constructed

by the British in 1985 & Girna artificial water filtration plant was constructed by the British in

1927.

1.6.1: Sources of Water Supply: Water supply in this area at present is mainly served by two

water supply schemes, viz., Girna water pumping station & Dapora filtration plant on Girna

River. The Girna Dam is located 140 km away from Jalgaon. The Dapora filtration plant is

situated 5 km away from the city in proximity to Girna water pumping station. The water source

to this filtration plant is through the Dapora dam. After purification and filtration, the water is

supplied to Girna water tank through the raising main. The Water sources of Girna water-

pumping station is situated 7 km away from Girna Taki located in the western side. Water is

pumped through the rising main and supplied to the Girna water tank, which is a ground level

water reservoir; located in Mehrun in the old city limits. The total installed ideal capacity of the

filtration plant (Artificial Plant) & natural filtration plant is about 30 & 20 MLD respectively,

the actual capacity is 14.45 & 14.63 MLD respectively. Additionally, water is drawn from the

MIDC filtration plant, with an actual capacity of 11 MLD. Jalgaon currently utilizes the entire

actual capacity of 40.13 MLD to cater to the demands of the residential, commercial and

industrial areas.

There are 10 Elevated Storage Reservoirs (ESR) and 4 Ground Level Storage Reservoirs

(GLSR) in Jalgaon city, out of which 9 ESR’s are spread around the city such as; 1) Genda Lal

mill located at Shivaji Nagar, with a capacity of 2 million liters, 2) Akash Wani located behind

District Collector’s Office with a capacity of 2.5 million liters, 3) DSP Chowk with a capacity of

2.8 million liters, 4) Daulat Nagar Tank with a capacity of 0.3 million liters, 5) Pimprala with a

capacity of 0.175 million liters, 6) Mehrun with a capacity of 0.125 million liters 7) Tambapura

with a capacity of 0.1 million liters, 8) Khanderao Nagar with a capacity of 28mld, 9)

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-19


Girna dam

140Kms

Dapora dam

17Kms

Filter Girna Pumping

(Filter)

17kms 8kms

Girna Taki Reservoir

7kms

Jalgaon City

Distribution

Nithyanand nagar with a capacity of 28mld and 10) Girna taki with a capacity of 3.5 million

liters.

There are 5 GLSR reservoirs of which two are combined; they are the Harivitthal Nagar with a

capacity of 0.05 million liters, Girna Taki 1 and 2 located behind M. J. College with a capacity

of 2.25 million liters, Girna Taki No.3 with a capacity of 4.5 million liters and Girna Taki No. 4

with a capacity of 3.5million liters.

Figure 1.4: Existing water distribution network (Girna dam) –

Waghur River is second biggest tributary of the Tapi on the left bank. It joins Tapi near

Bhankheda village, about 19 km downstream of Bhusawal in Jalgaon district. Waghur River

originates in the world famous Ajanta hills and flows for 120 km, upto her confluence with Tapi.

It originates at an elevation of 752 m above mean sea level near village Jalki in taluka Sillod of

district Aurangabad. The Waghur dam is located 78 km downstream from the origin.

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-20


The dam is located near Raipur village in Jalgaon taluka of Jalgaon district. Waghur river serves

multipurpose phenomena consisting irrigation, water supply to Jalgaon city and nearby villages

and generation of hydroelectricity. Its gross storage capacity is 325 M.Cu.m. and is beneficial

for 51 villages from Jalgaon taluka and 9 villages from Bhusawal taluka. The project is proposed

to generate 1 MW of electricity. In 1994, a revised proposal was made to increases the dam

height by 2 m. and F.R.L. (full reservoir level) by 2.1 m. Thus, the dam height was to be

increased to 39 m and F.R. L. to 234.1m. This was done mainly for supplying water to Jalgaon

city. Jalgaon is facing an acute water supply problem. At present, water is supplied from Girna

dam located about 140 km away from Jalgaon city. As Waghur dam is located 26 km from

Jalgaon city, it is an ideal way to meet the demand of water supply requirement of Jalgaon.

The command area of the dam lies in rainfall belt of 500 mm to 700 mm and is spread on the left

flank of Waghur River and covers the area between Girna and Tapi rivers. There are 5 medium

and 42 minor irrigation dams in the catchment area. The catchment area lies in three districts,

namely Jalgaon, Aurangabad and Buldhana.

Figure 1.5: Existing Water Distribution Network (Waghur dam) –

1.6.2: Permanent Water Supply System: There are two main sources of water supply

I. Natural filtration gallery,

Waghur dam

Waghur Treatment

Plant

Girna Taki Reservoir

Jalgaon city

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-21


II. Artificial filtration plant.

Water supply in natural filtration gallery is from Girna water pumping stations and in artificial

filtration plant is from Dapora filtration plant on Girna River.

JCMC has also dug open wells and tube wells to cater to the water demand for the citizens of

Jalgaon. Jalgaon has total of 635 hand pumps of which 598 are in working condition.

Table 1.9: Open wells, tube wells and hand pumps in Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Facilities Number

1. Open well 42+11 Private well = 52

2. Tube well 720 total tube well

3. Hand Pump 635(598 in working condition)

4. Canal -

Source: JCMC-WD

Table 1.10: Location of wells and tube wells in Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Water work station Capacity of pump

1. Ramesh dada well near Mehrun lake 30 HP

2. Mahader well 25 HP

3. Samjik Wanikaran well 12.5 HP

4. Bari well Harivetthal Nagar 20 HP

5. Bahare well Harivitthal Nagar 12.5 HP

6. Jakhete well Pimprala 30 HP

7. Khote nagar tube well (3 nos.) 80 HP

8. Nimkhedi tube well (2 nos.) 30 HP

9. Central Bank Colony Pimprala well 7.5 HP

10. Mayur colony Pimprala well 12.5 HP

11. Shivaji Wadayan, near unit of. Mehrun 20 HP

Source: JCMC-WD

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-22


Map 1.2: Showing location of areas served by unpiped water supply

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-23


1.6.3: Augmented Water Supply Scheme:

• Pure Water Leading Gravity Mains: Pure water leading mains ranging from

600 mm to 1500 mm dia. Pipes of PSC and MS pipes total length about

7772 meters. Pure water will be supplied to the existing GSR at Girna Taki,

and proposed new 10 ESRs.

• New GSR, Sump, Pumping Machinery & Rising mains: Ten numbers of

new ESRs have been proposed in this scheme with the capacity of

31.3 million liters.

• Water Treatment Plant: The total plant capacity of 130 MLD.

• Distribution System: Reframing & redesigning the estimates based on the

location of Elevated Storage Reservoir (ELRs) and capacity.

Table 1.11: Key infrastructure development parameters of water supply

Sr. No. Particulars 2000-01 2005-06

1. Piped water (length in kms) 317.95 345.02

Extent Coverage (%) 43 (%) 47(%)

2. Un piped water – additional

sources 495(HP)+225(EP)=720 686(HP)+233(EP)=919

3. Per capita supply (lpcd) 88.00 71.00

4. Leakages (%) 29.02% 28.93%

5. Actual Supply 29.24 mld 30.25 mld

6. Actual Demand 30.67 mld 50.37 mld

Source: JCMC-WD

Table 1.12: Water Requirement

Sr. No. Particulars Year

2001 2015 2030

1. Population 326500 541000 876700

2. Per capita supply (LPCD) 200 200 200

3. Gross Water Requirement 65.3 mld 108.2

mld

175.34

mld

Source: Jalgaon Water Supply Scheme stage-V phase-I – Volume–I by

J.V.Sharma, Engineers & Contractors

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-24


Table 1.13: Water tariff per month

1.6.4: Issues, Potential and Challenges in Water Supply Sector:

i) Policy Level Issues:

• Short-term: Clarity on fixation of norms for water tariff and structure with regard to cost

recovery and plugging of illegal connections.

iii) Potential:

The system is highly dependent on river water source. In the absence of fair distribution network

within the city, it is beset by the challenges of 1) Increase supply, 2) Reduce distribution losses

3) Augmentation of existing distribution network and 4) Upgradation / increase the internal

distribution network within the city.

Sr. No. Size Domestic Commercial

1. 12 mm Rs 67 Rs. 298

2. 18 mm Rs. 250 Rs. 833

3. 25 mm Rs. 500 Rs. 1666

4. 50 mm Rs. 9375 Rs. 18750

5. 75 mm Rs. 14167 Rs. 28125

6. 100 mm Rs. 56250 Rs. 112500

7. 200 mm Rs. 75000 Rs. 225000

Source: City Development Plan - UIDSSMT

• Long-term: At present, The Waghur Water Supply Scheme is on going to cater to the

water demand of 2031. The population growth rates should be taken into consideration

while upgrading the distribution network.

• Suggest new location on Waghur Dam.

ii) Service and O&M Issues:

• Unaccounted, high transmission and distribution losses - Transmission and distribution

losses due to leakages, unauthorized connections etc. about 29% of gross supply thereby

making the net supply average at 71 lpcd against a normative standard of more than 135

lpcd;

Chapter 1: The City

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________1-25


• The Comprehensive master plan for Water Supply Scheme for old & new municipal

limit is necessary.

• Service coverage is reported to be very low at about 35 thousand odd house connections

against more than 73 thousand households, indicating a large quantum of non-revenue

water and consequently, poor cost recovery.

• Enhancement of service coverage along with adopting consumer metering and efficient

use water.

**************

Chapter 2: The people and the life

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________2-1


2. The people and the life

2.1: POPULATION

The rate of population growth is unimaginable which goes on increasing every year. The

population of Jalgaon city, according to 1991 census was 2, 42,198 and 2001 census is 3,

68,618. The recent year i.e. 2008-09’s projected population is 5, 52,547.

2.1.1: Demography and Population Growth: The growth rate of Jalgaon city has been on the

rise from 1951 to 2001. The city has registered a decadal growth rate of about 51.94% and an

average annual growth rate of 5.19% during 1991-2001. For analysis, the area under the

jurisdiction of JCMC is considered. The trend of decadal population growth rate has also

increased four times during 1981 -1991 due to the extension of the municipal limit and the

establishment of industrial units in MIDC area.

2.1.2: Municipal Area and Population Density: The Jalgaon Municipal limit covers an area

of 68.24sq.km; out of which 11.45sq.km is the old municipal limit and 56.7sq.km is the

extended additional area. This indicates that the Municipal territorial jurisdiction has increased

more than four times i.e. from 11.45sq.km to 68.24sq.km. The overall population density of

Jalgaon city, according to 2001 census is 53.94 inhabitants/hectare.

Table 2.1: Population growth (1951 –2001)

Sr.

No.

Year Population Decennial

variation

Percentage

variation

Annual

growth

rate %

Incremental

increase per

decade

1. 1951 75,303 - - - -

2. 1961 88,452 13,149 17.46 1.74 -

3. 1971 1,17,312 + 28, 860 32.63 3.26 + 15, 711

4. 1981 1,65,507 + 48, 195 41.08 1.1 + 19, 335

5. 1991 2,42,193 + 76, 686 46.33 4.63 + 28, 491

6. 2001 3,68,000 125807 51.94 5.19 49121

Source: Census of India

In 1991, within the old municipal limits, Jalgaon city was divided into 23 wards and the

population averaged about 3,888 inhabitants in the core area. A population of 9, 23,572


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________2-2


inhabitants/ hectare could be accommodated at an average density of 200 persons/hectare upto

the year 2011 as per the projections of the 1993 Development Plan.

Table 2.2: Population growth (2001 – 2009)

Sr.

No.

Year Population Increase by 5.19%

according to C.D.P.

Total

1. 2001 368618 0 368618

2. 2002 368618 19131 387749

3. 2003 387749 20124 407873

4. 2004 407873 21168 429041

5. 2005 429041 22267 451308

6. 2006 451308 23422 474730

7. 2007 474730 24638 499368

8. 2008 499368 25917 525285

9. 2009 525285 27262 552547

Source: JCMC, Jalgaon

Table 2.3: Sector wise population as per DP

Sr.

No.

Sector wise Area in

Hectares

Population

2001 2011

1. Sector - 1 788.37 10000 25000

2. Sector - 2 993.45 25000 1,22,000

3. Sector - 3 547.41 47000 88000

4. Sector - 4 601.00 23000 45000

5. Sector - 5 1441.65 15000 60000

6. Sector - 6 178.00 16500 -

7. Sector - 7 1128.00 35000 -

Source: City development plan - UIDSSMT

2.1.3: Population Projection: Population projections are based on the Geometric rate of

increase and Compound Annual Average Growth rate method. This is also compared with the

estimates determined by various agencies in the past for calculating the population projections.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________2-3


0

50000

100000

150000

200000

250000

300000

350000

400000

450000

500000

550000

600000

650000

700000

750000

800000

850000

900000

Population

1

Geometric rate of increase

2001 - Existing

2006

2011

2021

2031

Table 2.4: Population Projection

Sr.

No.

Methods Population Projection

Existing 2001 2006 2011 2021 2031

1. Geometric rate of increase

368000

430903 530607 693214 855821

2. Compound Annual

Average Growth rate 423694 509312 692664 948949

Average 427298* 519959* 692939* 902385*

(*) Projected Source: City Development Plan – UIDSSMT

Figure 2.1: Population Projection


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________2-4


2.1.4: Migration Pattern: According to the Population Census 2001, the State average of in-

migrants was 32.80lakhs (18.2 percent), this included large numbers of in-migrants from other

states such as Uttar Pradesh, Karnataka etc. The reason for in-migration is mainly for work and

employment, and business and education. The Jalgaon city in-migration is less than the State

average. The city is attractive for trade, services, health & education.

2.1.5: Literacy Rate: The city is fairly well equipped in terms of its educational institutions

with the presence of North Maharashtra University, two Engineering / Diploma colleges,

technological institute and 04 post graduate colleges along with primary, secondary and higher

secondary schools. Literacy level in Jalgaon city as per census data 1991 was 65.6% and has

grown phenomenally to 86.9% in 2001 with male and female literacy rate at 92.6% and 80.6%

respectively. The Maharashtra state averages 82.40% and 77.27% respectively for men and

women. The city level statistics are slightly higher than corresponding district and state level

data. Jalgaon city has higher female literacy of 80.06% than the district and the state average of

74.20% and 67.51% respectively (according to 2001 census).

Table 2.5: Literacy rate


2.2: ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES

2.2.1: The Central Business Areas: The two main areas in the city are the Navi Peth area (area

of 2.0 sq.km) which qualifies as the city’s Central Business Area (CBA) and the Shivaji Nagar

area (area of 0.5sq.km) which houses many industries. Although these areas serve as the

economic hubs of the city they also face a variety of problems like for example in the Shivaji

Nagar area of the city which is very congested and has a mix of residences and industries. It

houses industries that cause noise and air pollution like the timber industries, stone industries,

dal mills and other pulses processing units which are not only detrimental to the physical and

mental health of the residents of the area but also the spread of these activities remains

Sr.

No.

Name Literacy rate (%)

1991 2001

Male Female Total Male Female Total

1. Jalgaon Municipal Corporation 72.59 57.90 65.60 92.60 80.60 86.90

2. Jalgaon District 77.46 50.34 64.30 90.00 74.20 82.40

3. Maharashtra State 76.56 52.32 64.87 86.27 67.51 76.9


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unchecked. The main Central Business Area of the city is the Navi peth area, which is almost

completely commercialized. It houses showrooms, wholesale shops for grains, electronic

markets, medicines and hotels serving as the image of the city. The other two important areas

are the Polan Peth area where commercial use is predominant and is expected to become 100%

commercial in the next few years. The Baliram Peth area houses mixed use at the moment and is

expected to become 50% commercial in the next few years.

2.2.2: Economic Base: Maharashtra is one of the most developed economies in the country. The

per capita income in the state stood at US$ 621 in 2003-04. Jalgaon city is the trade and

commercial center of North Maharashtra Region and the base of the Agro- based industries.

Favorable government policies and facilitation of infrastructure have seen the industrial

development of the city change through various departments such as the Maharashtra Industrial

Development Corporation (MIDC). Other than the agro base of the economy some of the other

prominent industrial players in the district include Marico, Jalgaon District Co-operative Milk

Producer's Union, Jain industries, VIP, Supreme, Orient Cement, Nilons, Wipro, Raymond, K B

Brakes and Kwality Ice Cream etc.

2.2.3: Employment Profile: The Workforce Participation Rate (WPR) in the city has slightly

increased from 1991-2001. Although, there has been a growth in the absolute number of total

workers, the proportion of non-workers has reduced. In 1991, 87.92% of the workers were male

with only 12.08% of workers being women. However, in 2001, 87.05% of the workers were

male and 12.95% were women indicating increased female participation in work.


Table 2.6: Total workers in 1991 and 2001

Sr.

No.

Occupation 1991 2001

Male Female Total % Male Female Total %

1. Main workers

59228 8135 67363 27.81

89,017 11,456 100473 27.00

Marginal Workers 4,872 2,508 7380 2.00

2. Non-Workers 67794 17036 174830 72.19 99,607 161,158 260765 70.70

3. Total workers 59228 8135 67363 27.81 93889 13964 107853 29.30


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2.2.4: Occupational Structure: The occupational structure of the city is divided into the

Primary, Secondary and the Tertiary sectors. Primary sector includes cultivation, agriculture,

livestock, fishing, hunting, mining and quarrying. Secondary sector includes workers from

manufacturing and processing industries, household industries and others. Construction industry

is part of the secondary sector as well as tertiary sector. Tertiary sector includes commerce,

trade, transport, storage, communication and other services. The workforce force participation

rate in primary, secondary & tertiary sector is 4.7%, 3.2% & 92.10% respectively.

2.2.5: Industrial Sector: Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) is

responsible for the development of industrial estates / facilities in the state, region and city. It

includes major industrial developments in the three Districts of North Maharashtra region. In

1985, a separate industrial area was established in the southeastern part of city, 1200 industries

were established and 30% of this land is yet to be occupied. There are 24 large and medium

scale industries (agro, textile and engineering) supporting about 4,500 employees. The total

investment of these units is about 151.55 crores as of 2003-04.

2.2.6: Trade and Commerce: The city’s economy is driven largely by trade and commerce. It

receives about 40% of the total market arrivals in the District. The per capita income of Jalgaon

city is Rs. 2,666 in constant price and about 22.12% of the workforce in the city is engaged in

trade and commerce. There are 8466 commercial establishments in the city out of which 4534 is

municipal establishments and the rest owned by the private. The city acts as a base for exchange

of agriculture products & commodities within the region.

The Jalgaon region is well known for the production of jowar, dal, bajra, cotton, groundnuts, etc.

The bulk of this produce is marketed by the Agriculture Product Market Committee. The chief

export commodities of the district are bananas, vanaspathi ghee, milk and milk products, corn,

cotton, etc. and import commodities are food grain, tea, cloth, oilseeds, fertilizers, medicines,

machinery, electrical equipments, etc.

About 33.49% of total workers were engaged in spinning and weaving and about 21.38% of

workers were engaged in ginning and pressing. It shows that, more than 54% of total industrial

workers are engaged in textile-oriented industries and rest of it is agriculture oriented industrial

workers (refer table 2.7).


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Table 2.7: Industrial scenario in the Jalgaon region.

Sr.

No.

Type of

Industries

No. of

large

scale

units

No. of

Workers

% of total

workers

1. Dairy products 11 359 2.17

2. Dal mills 11 179 1.08

3. Sugar mills 03 1348 8.15

4. Vanaspati Ghee 02 685 4.14

5. Oil mills 29 851 5.14

6. Ginning and Pressing

42 3537 21.38

7.

Spinning and Weaving

07 5541 33.49

8. Cotton Textiles 1 33 0.20

9. Printing 02 33 0.20

10. Chemical products 04 104 0.63

11. Cement products 06 109 0.66

12. Iron industries 02 72 0.44

13. Fabricated Metals 02 71 0.43

14. Industrial Mechanical

01 32 0.19

15. Motor Repair 11 826 4.99

16. Other repair 02 996 6.02

17. Others 35 1771 10.70

Total 171 16547 100.00

Source: City Development Plan- UIDSSMT


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2.3.1: Health facilities: The rural population surrounding Jalgaon is entirely dependant on the

city for their health facilities. The number of super specialty hospitals in the city is 4, with 1

government hospital, 4 dispensaries, 6 public health centers, and 203 private hospitals and

nursing homes.

2.3.2: Education facilities : The city is fairly well equipped in terms of its educational

institutions with the presence of the North Maharashtra University, 2 engineering/ diploma

colleges, technological institutes, and 4 post graduate colleges and primary, secondary and high

schools.

2.3.3: Fire services: There are five fire stations located in the city at i) Golani market ii) Shivaji

Nagar iii) MIDC iv) Mahabal and v) Girna Tank. The water supply is sourced from Shivaji

2.2.7: Major Issues Affecting The Industrial Growth of Jalgaon

• Untreated industrial effluents directly led to the Primary Nallas. As such, there is no common effluent treatment plant in this area for the treatment of effluent generated from Large Scale & Small Scale Industrial Units. The hazardous waste dumping in open land and this area does not have the underground drainage system for collection of industrial and domestic wastewater.

• Lack of a transportation interchange hub within the MIDC area especially for parking, loading and unloading etc.

• Inadequate support & hospitality sectors such as hotels and convention centers/ facilities.

• Lack of shared good quality basic infrastructure such as roads, underground drainage, etc.

Table 2.8: Economy of Jalgaon district

Industries Silk, sugar industries, vegetable oil, cotton ginning and pressing,

irrigation, instruments, pipes, clothing, cement, defenses etc.

Industrial centers Jalgaon, Chalisgaon, Amalner, Pimprala Varangaon, Pachora and

Bhusawal.

Main markets Jalgaon, Bhusawal, Amalner, Chalisgaon, Chopda and Pachora.

Main banking centers Jalgaon, Yawal, Bhusawal, Jamner, Chalisgaon, Erandol, Amalner,

Raver and Pachora. Main bank: State Bank of India.

Source: Gazette department website

2.3: SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE


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Nagar Udyan and individual bore wells. The industrial areas of MIDC where packing, ginning,

spinning etc. occurs are the most prone areas for fire to break out. A total of 58 employees work

in the fire department and it is understaffed largely. The annual expenditure of the corporation is

also low in this sector.

2.3.4: Police stations: There are 4 railway stations present in Jalgaon which are i) Jalgaon

Police Station ii) Jalgaon City Police Station iii) Police Karyalaya in Shani Peth and iv) Zilla

Highway Police Station. Crime rates in the city have been on the decline for the past 15 to 20

years and this may be attributed to efficiency of the police force, decrease in the cost of living

and increase in social cohesiveness.

2.3.5: Hotels: The city serves as a place of halt for tourists bound towards Ajanta-Ellora Caves

and other religious destinations such as Padmalaya (Erandol). Other tourist attractions around

the city are, Pal wildlife sanctuary (60 kms), Unapdev (hot water streams) 45 kms, Pandav

Palace (Erandol), shaking minarets (Farkande 30 kms). Currently, the city does not host any

five-star hotels; about 60% of the hotels in the city are located near the railway station, 28% of

the hotels are located near bus terminals, and 6% are located in other parts of the city. Three and

five Star hotels are not present within the city as yet and only two 2 star hotels are present with

about 23 rooms. There are 41 other hotels in the city, three guesthouses and two dharamshalas.

2.3.6: Heritage / Important Buildings: Inventory of heritage areas: Jalgaon city does not have

an officially generated inventory of heritage buildings. The old city precincts including Jalgaon

Gaothan, Pimprala and Mehrun Gaothan have traditional networks of streets and heritage

buildings. These are mostly in the form of places of religious worship and residential units. The

Ram Mandir and Ichchadevi temples are significant. The 100-year-old chariot festival is one of

the significant traditions of the city. Several of these are in dilapidated condition. Government

buildings such as the Council building (1864), the District office and the city Police station are

also noteworthy.

Table 2.9: Heritage of Jalgaon district

Sr. No. Heritage Location

1. Pal hill station Raver

2. Patnadevi temple Chalisgaon

3. Muktabai temple Kothali

4. Changdev temple At the confluence of Tapi and Purna rivers


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5. Ancient Ganpati temple Erandol Padmalya

6. Hot water springs Unapdev in Chopda Taluka

7. Ancient Mahadev temple At confluence of rivers Tapi and Girna

8. Anjani Rameshwar in Amalner taluka

9. Mammoth yatra of Sant Sakharam Maharaj Amalner

10. Gandhi philosophical temple Amalner


2.4: ROADS AND TRANSPORTATION

Roads are the lifelines of a city. Their networking type, maintenance all denotes the affluence of

the city and its working class. Most countries see an efficient road transport system as an

essential free condition for general economic development and considerable resources are

devoted for road construction and improvements. Because of pervasiveness of transport,

‘solutions’ to transport problems can have major influences upon people’s lives. These

influences are reflected in the constraints which society currently places on the development and

evolution of road proposals, that is, generally, they must be analytically based, economically

sound, socially credible, environmentally sensitive, politically acceptable and enquiry proof.

Well-constructed and clean roads indicates better image of the city. JCMC always try to

improve the quality of roads. One National Highway (NH-6) and three state highways (SH-6,

184 and 186) pass through Jalgaon city. The available road length in Jalgaon city is 430 km (this

includes the national and state highways within the city area) and the road density is

1.16m/person. Isn’t it a sign of big city?

Table 2.10: Road length in Jalgaon (Bhusawal region)

Sr. No. Type of roads Length in

km

1. National Highway – 6 171.60

2. State Highway 977.10

3. Major District Roads 1115.69

4. Other District Roads 752.35

5. Village Roads 3146.81

Total 6163.55

Source: Public Works Department, Jalgaon


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Table 2.11: Key infrastructure development status of roads

Sr.

No.

Road categories Carriage way

width (m)

Directional

capacity

(PCU/hr)

Roads

length in

km

Percentage of

total route

length

1. Six lane divided 19.0 – 21.0 5400 34.40 8%

2. Four lane divided 14.0 – 18.0 3600 64.50 15%

3. Three lane divided 7.0 – 11.0 2200 163.90 38%

4. Two lane divided 5.5 – 7.0 1100 64.50 15%

5. One lane divided 3.0 – 5.5 600 103.20 24%

Total 430.00

Source: City Development Plan- UIDSSMT

2.4.1: Major roads of Jalgaon city:

1. Dhulia-Nagpur National highway no. 6.

2. Jalgaon-Aurangabad State highway.

3. Jalgaon-Pachora State highway.

4. Jalgaon-Mamurabad State highway.

5. Jalgaon-Pimprala State highway.

6. Jalgaon-Saokheda State highway.

2.4.2: Major district roads:

1. Jalgaon-Mohadi road passing towards the southern side.

2. Jalgaon-Avahane road passing towards the western side.

3. Asoda-Khedi road passing towards the northern side.

4. Jalgaon-Nimkhedi road passing towards the western side.

2.4.3: Other district roads:

1. Pimprala-Avahane road towards north-western side.

2. Jalgaon-Saokheda road on the south-western side.


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3. Pimprala-Mamurabad road on the northern side.

4. Jalgaon-Pimprala road on the western side.

Table 2.12: Detail information about roads of Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Types of road Length of road in kms

1. Tar 276.88

2. Cement concrete 46.55

3. Metalled 83.17

4. Others 57.00

Total 463.60

Source: Sant Gadge Maharaj Total Mhaeti 2008-09

Table 2.13: Condition of roads within the city

Sr.

No.

Condition of roads Road Length in

km

Percentage Remarks

1. Poor surfaced roads 193.50 45 %

Roads that have bitumen but not as per IRC standard.

2. Average surface quality of roads

172.00 40%

3. Good surface quality of roads

64.50 15% City portion of NH and SH and Acharya Tulsi Road and M G road as per IRC standard.

Total 430.00 100%

Source: Comprehensive traffic and transportation study, Tata Consultancy Services

Table 2.14: Transportation of Jalgaon district

Railway Length: 350 Km.

Nearest Railway Headquarter/ Division: Central Railway Bhusawal Division is Central Railway's

one of the most important Railway Head Quarter located in

Jalgaon District.

Important Railway Stations in the District: Bhusawal, Jalgaon, Chalisgaon, Pachora, Amalner, Raver,

Bhadli

State Transport (ST) Buses: ST Buses are available throughout the District.

State Transport Structure: (MSRTC) ST Depot - 11

Permanent Bus Stands - 12

Total Employees - 4,710


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Temporary Bus Stands - 7

Passenger Shelters - 19

MLA Fund Shelters - 27

Traffic Control Rooms - 14

BOT Basis Bus Stand - 1

Connectivity: 98.84% Jalgaon District Connectivity

National Highway Length: 60 Km.

State Highway Length: 140 Km.

Source: ejalgaon.com website

The need to tackle present problems and plan is evident with the employment of more durable

and maintenance free roads. A land use analysis of the roads indicated that 54% of roads are

abutted by commercial areas; 29% cater to residential establishments and the remaining 17% are

spread along industrial and recreational centers.

2.5: COMMUNICATION FACILITIES

In responses to rapid industrialization, urbanization and increasing standard of life style a hale

and hearty type of communication system prevails in Jalgaon city. Following table furnishes

brief idea about existing communication system of the city.

Table 2.15: Communication system of Jalgaon city

Cyber Cafes (Internet Surfing Centers):

35 (SIFY I-Way Service also available in

Jalgaon City)

Internet Service Providers (ISP): BSNL - PSTN Dialup (Sancharnet - 172233)

ISDN Dialup (Sancharnet - 172225)

Caller Line Identification based Access - does

not requries any User Account (Netone -

172222)

Leased Lines, BSNL Broadband (Dataone)

Tata Indicom (VSNL) - PSTN Dialup

(Nearest Access Centre: Nashik/ Aurangabad)

Reliance - WLL-CDMA Internet ISP via

handsets

Tata Indicom - WLL-CDMA Internet ISP via

handsets


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Vodafone, Idea and Airtel through GPRS on its

SIM

Broadband Internet Service Providers (B'ISP):

BSNL has launched its Broadband Service

'Dataone' with effect from 25th June 2005.

BSNL Broadband - Dataone - offers a variety of

Speed and limit based accounts in range of

256kpbs to 2mpbs and is now available widely

throughout Jalgaon district. There are around

2,000 broadband users in district.

Basic Telephony: (STD Code: 0257, ISD Code: 0091) Click here for Jalgaon Telephone Search

Currently BSNL, Reliance, and Tata Indicom are

offering fixed line telephony Service.

Reliance Basic Telephone numbers begin with 3

while Tata Indicom fixed phone numbers begin

with '5' and '6' and Tata WLL Cellphone

numbers begin with '92'.

There are in all 165,677 working Basic Landline

Telephone connections (as at 31st March 2005)

in 206 Telephone Exchanges in Jalgaon District.

Mobile (Cellular) Communication: Idea (98220-98229, 98500-98510, 98800-98810,

98811-98820)

BPL(98230-98239, 98217, 98820-98830, 99230-

99239)

AIRTEL(98900-98909, 98600-98610, 99100-

99910)

BSNL (94 series)

Reliance (93 series)

Wireless in Local Loop (WLL) Mobile Communication:

Reliance begun its WLL Service in City since

July 2003 end. Reliance fixed lines phones have

7-digit numbers begins with "32" while its

CDMA Cell Phones have 10 digits numbers

beginning with '93'.

BSNL begun its 'Tarang' WLL mobile service in

Dec-2003.


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Tata Indicom begun its WLL Services in Jalgaon

city with August. Tata Indicom Fixed Phone

numbers begins with "5" and Cellphone numbers

begin with "92"

Free Phone Service: The National Level Free Phone Service 1600,

1800 is also functional in Jalgaon.

Premium Phone Service: The National Level Premium Phone Service

"190 xxx xxxx" is also functional in Jalgaon.

STD/ PCO Services in District: STD Booth Owners: 2,500 (Private CDMA

Operators statistics not available)

PCO Booth Owners: 9,000 (Private CDMA

Operators statistics not available)

Courier Services : 285

Postal Service:

First Post Office of Jalgaon District: Saygaon, Taluka: Chalisgaon - 10th December

1889

First Post office of the Jalgaon City: Pimprala - 10th January 1899

Jalgaon City Head Post Office establishment:

1908

Khandesh Division Establishment: 03rd January 1949

Pin Codes for Jalgaon City: City Area - 425001, M.J. College, Ganpati Nagar

Area - 425002,

MIDC Area - 425 003

Total Post Offices in the District: 2 Head Post offices (HPO) (Jalgaon &

Chalisgaon)

38 Sub Post Offices

5 Out of Accounts Sub Post Offices

244 Branch Post offices

13 Panchayat Communication Service Centres

Facilities Available: RD, MIS, Time Deposits, Savings, NSC, KVP,

NSS, PPF, Speed Post, E-Post, Business Post,

Media Post, Express parcel Post, Retail Post,

Speed Post Passport Service, International


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Money Transfer (in association with Western

union), Pension Payments, Satelite Money order

Scheme, mail on Phone, Data Post, E-bill,

Mutual Bonds, Corporate Money order service,

Greeting Post, Postal Insurance, Rural Postal

Insurance and Philately

2.6: POWER SYPPLY

Maharashtra State Electricity Board (MSEB) provides satisfactory electric supply to the JCMC

zone. The electric power supply to the Jalgaon city started in 1931, which brought faster rate of

development. Private Company known as Jalgaon Electric Company earlier owned the

generation of electric power. But due to increase in population and industrialization there is

increase in demand of electricity supply from different areas in Jalgaon city. As well as at the

time of festivals and celebrations electricity demand increases.

Table 2.16: Electricity sub-stations in Jalgaon city

Sr.

No.

Location Capacity

1. MIDC-market zone 200 KV Sub-station

2. Cooperative Industrial Estate 132 KV Sub-station

3. MIDC G zone 33KV/11 Kv Sub-station

4. Behind District Milk Federation, Pimprala 33KV/11 Kv Sub-station

5. G. No. 152, Pimprala, Girna Pumping station road 33KV/11 Sub-station

Source: Department of Electricity, JCMC


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Table 2.17: Supply source of Electricity


As the demand of electric power is increasing the Maharashtra State Electricity Board took over

the said company with a view to coordinate and accelerate the supply of electric power. MSEB

has established a Thermal Power Station at Fekri (Deep Nagar), Bhusawal. From this Thermal

Power Station, MSEB supplies the power to the town through sub-stations at different locations.

2.7: HEALTH FACILITY

One of the fundamental rights of every human being is the enjoyment of the highest attainable

standard of health, without distinction of race, religion, political belief, economical and social

conditions. To concern with this municipal corporation has provided facility of hospitals, health

care centers, dispensaries, maternity hospitals, mobile hospitals, etc. The rural population

surrounding Jalgaon is entirely dependent on the city for their health facilities.

In a bid to provide better health care to the Jalgaon city there is the major hospital- The Civil

Hospital run by JCMC, situated in the old Municipal limits catering to the services of Jalgaon

Maharashtra State Electricity Distribution Company

Power Generation Units Deep Nagar, Bhusawal Taluka,

Number of Sub-Stations 132

Number of Urban and Rural Household Customers 606,020 (As of 31st March 2008)

Industrial Customers 11,677

Farm Pump Holding Customers 154,900

Public Water Supply 2,958

Street Light Connections 3,415

Total Customers 789,000

Average time taken for New Residential meter connection 15 days based on documentary compliances

Average time taken for New Business meter connection 10 days based on documentary compliances

Average time taken for New Industrial meter connection 30 days based on documentary compliances


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

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city as well as the district. It is an old type building built during 1912-13. The area of the

compound is 12 acres and 8 gunthas. The compound comprises the main building, dispensary

building including porch, patients ward, paying patients ward, nurses’ quarters, sub assistant

surgeons ward, class IV servants’ quarters, etc. Other than this there are Municipal hospitals and

the Ayurvedic dispensaries run by the JCMC.

Table2.18: Health facility under JCMC

Sr. No. Organization Number of units in city Registered

1. Hospitals 207 207

2. General Practitioner 253 160

3. Pathology Lab 29 29

4. Blood banks 03 03

5. Dental Clinics 47 22

6. Medical College 01 01

7. Veterinary Clinics 01 01

8. Pharmaceutical Factories 04 04

Total 545 427

Source: Health Department, JCMC

Table 2.19: Medical facilities available in Jalgaon district

Sub-District Civil Hospitals: 3 - Chopda, Jamner and MuktaiNagar

Rural Hospitals: 25

Council Hospitals: 13 - Located in all Tahsil Levels in Jalgaon

4 - Located in Jalgaon Corporation boundaries

Primary Health Centres: 77 (Run by Jalgaon District Council [ZP])

Number of Blood Banks: 14 - Almost one in every Taluka

Private Dispensaries: Over 800 Private Hospitals are functional in Jalgaon District

Other Major Medical facilities: 1) Super Speciality Heart Clinic with facilities for Bypass and

all Major Heart Operations is available in Jalgaon City.

2) CT-SCAN, M.R.O. facilities are also available



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2.8: EDUCATION FACILITY

“Students power is the nation’s power” and it is acquired from the good and quality education.

Education is everybody’s life base. High technical educational facilities are available for citizens

of Jalgaon. All types of educational institutes are present in Jalgaon city. Medical colleges,

Engineering colleges, Training institutes, Agricultural, Arts, Commerce, Science, Junior

colleges, High schools, Primary schools, kinder garden, play schools as well as Private

Technical Educational Institutes, Computer Institutes for knowledge of computer as well as

Information and Technology are available in Jalgaon city. One of the most important things in

the city is fairly well equipped in terms of its Educational Institute with the presence of North

Maharashtra University. There are total numbers of 14 Libraries present in Jalgaon city in which

4,13,200 various types of books are available. Rather than regular academic study the students

are lead in different competitions at national and international level.

Table 2.20: Educational facilities available in Jalgaon city


Sr. No. Educational Institute Number of

Institutes

1. North Maharashtra University 01

2. Primary Schools 2456

3. Secondary Schools 752

4. Higher Secondary Schools 93

5. Colleges 35

6. Industrial Training Institutes 19

7. Engineering Colleges 7

8. Agricultural Colleges 11


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Table 2.21: Computer & IT facilities available in Jalgaon district

No. of colleges teaching Computers: 75

Computer Courses offered: D.C.P., B.Sc. (Computers), B.Sc.(IT), B.E-com(Bachelor of

E-Commerce), B.E.(Computers), B.E.(IT), B.C.A., M.C.M.,

M.SC.(Computers), M.Sc.(IT), M.C.A.

Private Computer Training Institutes: 189

National Level Training Institutes: National level institutes likes Aptech, NIIT, Datapro,

Boston, Tulec, TCS, CMC and many more have franchise in

entire Jalgaon district.

Broadband Internet Service Providers (B'ISP):

BSNL has launched its Broadband Service 'Data one' with

effect from 25th June 2005. It offers Broadband Internet

connectivity on existing telephone lines using ADSL

Technology.

SIFY I'way have 7 Broadband Internet Access Centers in

Jalgaon now.

No. of Internet Connections: 3500 approximately

Internet Usage: 55 out of 100

Internet Service Providers (ISP): BSNL - PSTN Dialup, ISDN Dialup Internet Service,

Leased Lines

(PSTN Dial up No: 172233, ISDN Dial up - 172225)

Tata Indicom (VSNL) - PSTN Dialup

(Nearest Access Centre: Nasik/ Aurangabad)

Reliance - WLL Internet ISP via handsets

Tata Indicom - WLL Internet ISP via handsets

Bharti Broadband - VSAT based High - Speed Internet

Connectivity


Chapter 3: Municipal refuse

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_____________________________________________________________________3-1


3. Municipal refuse

3.1: SEWAGE SYSTEM

Sewage is a dilute mixture of various types of waste from residential, public and industrial

places. The characteristics and composition of sewage mainly depend upon its source. Sewage

contains organic and inorganic matters which, may be in dissolved or suspension or colloidal

form. Usually large proportion of the waste matters is organic which the saprophytic

microorganisms attack. Sewage also contains various types of bacteria, viruses, protozoa, algae,

fungi etc. Some of these are pathogenic and are harmful to the human and animal life.

Therefore, in interest of community of the town or city it is most essential to collect, treat and

dispose of all the waste produced in the city in such a manner that it may not cause any havoc to

the people residing in the town.

3.1.1: Existing Collection System: A sewerage system proposal was prepared by

Environmental Engineering Department of Maharashtra in 1965 for an estimated flow of 20

MLD. The proposed sewer network system was laid on the main roads and no branch sewer in

the side streets to pick house connections was provided. At present existing sewerage system is

non-functional. The entire city has an open sewage system with the absence of an under ground

drainage network. The present quantum of sewerage generated in the city is quantifiable based

on population and water supply. Sewage from houses is being discharged into septic tanks and

the effluent is passed either into soak pits or into surface drains creating hazardous and

unhygienic conditions in these areas. Sanitary works starts at the points where water supply

engineering ends. It starts with the collecting systems and end after the streams or other bodies

of receiving water have been returned to the condition of relative purity desired for them. The

sanitary work can be broadly classified as:

• Collection work

• Treatment work

• Disposal work

The city is divided into 69 wards and approximate 25 cleaning zones. There is no sewerage

system in Jalgaon city. The untreated sewage is directly dumped into the open nalas. Some part

of sewage is used for agricultural purpose along the northern side of Jalgaon by directly

pumping the sewage from lendi nala into the fields.


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3.1.2: Proposed Plan for Sewerage and Sanitation: Based on the topography, the project area

is divided into 23 + 8 main sewerage sheds of 44.92 sq.km developed area plus 8 sheds for

urbanizable area of 16.26 sq.km. The flow from each sewerage shed will gravitate to a trunk

sewer through branch and collecting sewers. The old municipal area is divided into 6 additional

sewerage sheds; the extended area is divided into 13 additional sewerage sheds and urbanizable

area is divided into 8 additional sewerage sheds.

• Sewerage and Sanitation Sector specific studies

i. The city does not have a scientific sewerage system;

ii. Infiltration into ground water – pollution issues;

iii. Raw sewerage leads into open drains and into river;

iv. Mixing of systems – mainly storm water and sewerage – tackle

the problem systemically;

v. Improper sewerage & sanitation measures in slum areas; and

vi. Lack of adequate community toilets.

• Goal

To provide healthy and environmental system for sewerage and sanitation

• Objectives

i. To develop comprehensive master plan for sewerage and

sanitation;

ii. Access to cover underground sewerage;

iii. Provide sanitation facilities for the urban poor and slum

dwellers;

iv. To scientifically treat the wastewater and sewerage; and

v. Restore the natural drains for storm water purpose.

• Design framework for 25 years ending year 2031:

The design period of scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year of

2006, the sewerage system is designed for 80% of the water supply with 200 mm

diameter as the minimum size of RCC pipes, an average flow of 105.14 MLD for 2011,

135.03 MLD for 2021 and 135.03 MLD for 2031.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-3


i. To service a total population of 8,55,821 and in first phase a population

of 3,68,000;

ii. Total area to be serviced - 61.18 sq.km;

iii. Total Sewerage Water to be treated - 80% of 149.47 MLD = 119 MLD;

iv. Sanitation – through provision of community toilets – user pay model –

per population – 5 toilets per 1000 population;

v. Sewerage Treatment plant – 135 .03 MLD – about 4 Nos. (STP – I & II,

estimated capacity of 34.98 MLD & 34 MLD, near oxidation pond,

STP-III, estimated capacity of 44.76 MLD near Nimkedi village and

STP-IV, estimated capacity of 24.44 MLD near Asoda road; and

vi. Land requirement – 40 acres/each STP.

• Strategies for the Sewerage and Sanitation Sector under UIDSSMT

i. Sewerage system, sanitation, drainage and Solid Waste Management

need overall Master Plan / DPRs;

ii. Creation of infrastructure such as household connections, manholes,

UGD and pipes, Biological Activated sludge treatment plants, with

SCADA system; and

iii. Definition of policy for user charges, tariffs.

• Infrastructure Needs: Project Conceptualization:

i. Preparation of comprehensive master plan for sewerage and sanitation

system with focus on design and implementation for an area of 61.18

sq.km;

ii. Conversion of soak pits to UGD drain connections;

iii. Provision and laying of pipes according to the system design – Old

Municipal area - (Primary network of 38.93km, Secondary network of

58.40km, and Tertiary network of 97.33km) covering an area of

44.92sq.km;

iv. Provision and laying of pipes according to the system design –

Additional areas: (Primary network of 113.90km, Secondary network of

170.70km, and Tertiary network of 284.50km);

v. Provision and laying of pipes according to the system design –

Urbanizable area: (Primary network of 55.28km, Secondary network of


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-4


82.93km, and Tertiary network of 138.21km) covering an area of

16.26sq.km;

vi. Sewerage Treatment Plants - Providing 135.03 MLD;

Table 3.1: Costing for sewerage and sanitary sector project


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-5


Sr.

No

Sector / components Total

Investment

(Rs. in

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. in

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-11 2011-12

1

Preparation of

Comprehensive master plan

for sewerage, sanitation &

solid waste management

3.03 3.03 3.03

2 Provision of UGD sewer

network: old & additional

areas about 194.65 running

km

Primary network of 900 mm

dia pipe-about 38.93 running

km @ Rs. 0.30 Crores

11.68 11.68 3.50 3.50 4.67

Secondary network of 600

mm dia pipe- about 58.40

running km @ Rs. 0.15

Crores

8.76 8.76 2.63 2.63 3.50

Tertiary network of 450 mm

dia pipe- about 97.33 running


9.73 9.73 2.92 2.92 3.89

3 Provision of UGD sewer

network: additional areas

about 568.99 running km

Primary network of 900 mm

dia pipe-about 113.90


Crores

34.17 22.78 6.83 6.83 9.11




Crores

25.61 25.61 7.68 7.68 10.24

Tertiary network of 450 mm

dia pipe- about 284.50


Crores

28.45 28.45 8.54 8.54 11.38

4 Urbanizable area about

276.42 km: Primary network

of 900 mm dia pipe- about

55.28 running km @ Rs. 0.30

Crores

16.58


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-6



vii. Construction of community toilets for slum areas: 300 units; and

viii. Construction of pay and use public toilets: 50 units;

ix. Land acquisition and Sewer maintenance equipment .

• Management and Maintenance:

i. Lab facilities for water quality management

ii. Procurement for sewer maintenance equipment.

Urbanizable area: Secondary

network of 600 mm dia pipe-

about @ Rs. 0.15 Crores

12.44

Urbanizable area: Tertiary

network of 450 mm dia pipe-

about 138.21 running km @

Rs. 0.10 Crores

13.82

5 Sewerage Treatment Plant: –

135.03 mld @ Rs. 3 crores /

10 mld

40.50 32.40 16.20 16.20

6 Providing toilets- slum areas

300 units @ Rs. 25000/unit

0.75 0.75 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.15

7 Pay and use toilets- 50 @ Rs.

08 lakhs/unit

4.00 4.00 0.60 1.20 0.60 0.60 1.00

8 Sewer maintenance

equipment (lump sum)

1.50 1.50 0.75 0.75

9 Land acquisition cost- 40

acres @ Rs. 15 lakhs

6.00 6.00 0.60 1.80 3.60

Summary of sewerage &

sanitation sector

217.02 154.69 36.48 35.25 47.30 17.70 17.95


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-7


3.2: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

With rapid urbanization, industrialization and population growth and increasing economic

syndrome, the municipal solid waste (MSW) which has been a problem in past has become a

serious threat in recent years and the situation is going to be worst in coming years if appropriate

measures are not taken immediately, keeping in view the seriousness of the issue and its

linkages with the economic growth, environmental degradation and health hazards. Dumping the

waste as a waste has two fold negative implications. On the other hand, it pollutes the air, water

and land resulting in diseases and destruction of human habitat, while on the other hand; it

deprives us of a powerful resource material for producing energy, electricity, manure, etc. A

commercially viable technology suited to be contents of the waste material could put this double

edge weapon in the service of human race and natural habitat.

Garbage collection and disposal, as SWM was known earlier, constituted an obligatory function

of the municipalities and continues to be so. As per the guidelines of Honourable Supreme Court

of March 1999 and Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, September 2000,

solid waste management system has been recognized. However, comprehensive rules at the

national level came to be framed only after the Supreme Court passed orders in the public

interest litigation case referred to earlier. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF)

notified the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules in September 2000 and

they are applicable to every municipal body in the country.

It was mandatory for the city of Jalgaon also to revamp its SWM services as per the directives of

the MSW Rules 2000 and other prevailing legal provisions regarding solid waste collection and

disposal, since there is a need to make substantial improvement in the SWM practices prevailing

in the city to meet the standards.

It was necessary to address this problem systematically by going into all aspects of the Solid

Waste Management (SWM) and devise a simple but cost effective system which must ensure

desired level of collection, transportation and disposal of waste in an environmentally acceptable

manner. Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation has therefore initiated the actions for upgrading all

its MSW management systems in line with this concept to achieve the results envisaged under

the Rules 2000.

The civic services in the city of Jalgaon are managed by Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation.

Managing solid waste generated in the city - collection, transportation and its safe disposal is


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-8


one of the most priority area of attention for improvement of the Municipal Solid Waste

Management in light of the MSW Rules 2000.

Like most of the cities & towns in India, this service falls short of the desired level in Jalgaon as

the present systems adopted are outdated and inefficient to meet the standards (MSW Rules

2000). Lot of factors contribute to this present status, the main being lack of knowledge and

improper choice of technology coupled with a lack of long term planning. Jalgaon City

Municipal Corporation has initiated the process of taking corrective measures by implementing

a new collection and transportation system along with processing and disposal system

comparable to those of modern era and compatible to all the requirement of the MSW Rules

2000. The schemes for various functional areas of the MSW management services are being

developed as per the guidelines issued by the SWM Cell of Government of Maharashtra and

AIILSG from time to time.

3.2.1: Existing Status of Collection and Disposal: The Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is

responsible for collection, disposal and management of MSW within the city. Due to rapid

urbanization and increase in population waste collection and its transportation and disposal is a

challenging task to the urban local bodies. No specific land was reserved for compost depot in

the sanctioned development plan of the old city limits. The waste generated is disposed in an

unscientific manner. The manpower and transport system is inadequate for the waste

management of the city. The solid waste generated in the city mainly consists of domestic refuse

(including slum area), waste from commercial areas, vegetable and fruit markets, slaughter

houses, bio-medical wastes, wastes from hotels and restaurants and industrial solid wastes. The

waste generation is large in the high-income groups followed by middle and low-income group.

Table 3.2: Physical composition of solid waste in Jalgaon city

Sr.

No.

Physical Composition Income Groups (%)

LIG MIG HIG

1. Compostable 45.0 72.2 68.0

2. Paper 4.5 4.25 5.5

3. Plastic 3.5 2.9 3.6

4. Glass 0.9 0.0 09.0

5. Metal 0.5 0.0 0.5

___________________________

_____________________


6. Rag

7. Earthe

8. Leathe

Source: So

The physical composition o

based on various sources. T

HIG and LIG, whereas eart

HIG. The general observati

rest; it indicates more waste

Different types of collection

Compacters, Dumper Place

fully equipped with GPS T

meeting Bharat II norms a

cleaning and servicing of t

also washed and cleaned e

garbage and lifting the bin

spraying pesticides. 37 doo

provided to collect the garb

cannot be operated. These

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

Per

centa

ge

(%)

Figure 3.1:

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

5.4 0.13 1.7

arthen matter 40.0 20.3 11.4

eather 0.2 0.22 0.3

Solid waste management – DPR with Micro Plan

ition of municipal solid from the different income group

rces. The compostable waste generation rate is more in M

as earthen material generation rate is more in LIG, follow

servation is that, the compostable waste generation rate i

waste in the form of agriculture products and allied mater

lection plans have been sketched for collection of solid wa

Placers, Tippers and Dumpers have been put in service.

PS Tracking System. The closed service vehicles are p

orms and fully equipped with sophisticated handling s

g of the vehicles are done as per the schedule. The garb

aned every week as per schedule. It is also assured tha

the bins the surrounding area is kept hygienic by prop

7 door-to-door collection vehicles with fully trained atten

e garbage even from the narrow lane residential localiti

hese attendants carry out garbage collection work as pe

Components

re 3.1: Showing percentage of physical composition of M

Inc

(%)

Inc

(%)

Inc

(%)


____________________

_______________3-9

groups were analyzed

e in MIG, followed by

followed by MIG and

rate is higher than the

materials in the city.

lid waste. Ghanta gadi,

rvice. The vehicles are

are pollution free and

ling system. Washing,

e garbage dustbins are

ed that after collecting

y proper cleaning and

d attendants have been

calities where vehicles

as per time schedule.

on of MSW

Income Group

(%) LIG

Income Group

(%) MIG

Income Group

(%) HIG


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-10


These attendants have been posted through designated route to ensure that the garbage littering

outside bins is collected and put in the bins. JMC has published the “Notification in accordance

with the Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000” that covers the need

for separate collection of garbage at source, door-to-door collection, prohibition of littering on

roads and enforcement of the MSW Rules, 2000.

Table 3.3: Route plan for commercial waste for SWM in Jalgaon city – Vehicle No. 30

Sr. No.

Area

Timing

1. Station Road 9.30 am to 9.40 am

2. Nehru statue to Shivaji chowk 9.40 am to 9.50 am

3. Shivaji chowk to State Bank 9.50 am to 9.60 am

4. State bank to Bus stand 9.60 am to 10.00 am

5. Bus stand to Swatantra Chowk 10.00 am to 10.10 am

6. Nehru statue to Tower 10.10 am to 10.20 am

7. Tower to Baliram peth chowk 10.20 am to 10.30 am

8. Baliram peth to Chaube school 10.30 am to 10.40 am

9. Chaube to Shani peth police station 10.40 am to 10.50 am

10. Shani peth police station to Chaube

school 10.50 am to 11.00 am

11. Chaube school to Subhashbabu statue 11.00 am to 11.10 am

12. Subhashbabu statue to Pushpalata

Bendale chowk 11.10 am to 11.20 am

13. Both side of Dana Bazar road 11.20 am to 11.30 am

14. ZP to tower 11.30 am to 11.40 am

15. Tower to Chitra chowk 11.40 am to 11.50 am

16. Chitra chowk to Pushpalata Bendale

chowk 11.50 am to 12.00 pm


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-11


Source: Solid waste management – DPR with Micro Plan

Table 3.4: Hotel waste collection route - Vehicle No. 36

Sr. No. Name of Hotel

Morning Evening

1. Hotel Rajendra, Bhaje galli 8.30 am 4.00 pm

2. Hotel Suyog 8.35 am 4.05 pm

3. Hotel Gajanan 8.35 am 4.05 pm

4. Hotel Minerva 8.35 am 4.05 pm

5. Hotel Atithi 8.35 am 4.05 pm

6. Padmalay Bhojanalay 8.40 am 4.10 pm

7. Hotel Kashinath 8.45 am 4.15 pm

8. Ambedkar Market Hotel 8.50 am 4.20 pm

9. Hotel Rupali, Swantantra chowk 8.55 am 4.25 pm

10. Sindhi colony road 9.00 am 4.30 pm

11. Hotel Center Point, Highway 9.05 am 4.35 pm

12. Hotel Cozy Cottage, Highway 9.05 am 4.35 pm

17. Pushpalata Bendale chowk to Bus

stand 12.00 pm to 12.10 pm

18. Saraswat chowk to Bankstreet 12.10 pm to 12.20 pm

19. Golani Lokmat to Dana bazar petrol

pump 12.20 pm to 12.30 pm

20. Chitra chowk to Shivaji chowk 12.30 pm to 12.40 pm

21. Maruti temple to Vijay time 12.40 pm to 12.50 pm

22. Station to Ramdev baba temple 12.50 pm to 1.00 pm

23. New bus stop 1.10 pm to 1.20 pm

24 Tehsil office road 1.20 pm to 1.30 pm


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-12


13. Hotel Royal Palace 9.10 am 4.40 pm

14. Hotel Jalsa, Aakashwini 9.15 am 4.45 pm

15. Hotel Step Inn 9.15 am 4.45 pm

16. Hotel Shalimar, Bhaskar Market 9.20 am 4.50 pm

17. Police Mess, Nr. Police Ground 9.25 am 4.55 pm

18. Ring Road 9.30 am 5.00 pm

19. Apna Point, Ganesh Colony 9.35 am 5.05 pm

20. Chinar Garden, Shiv Colony 9.40 am 5.10 pm

21. Hotel Adarsh, Nr. Gujral Pump 9.45 am 5.15 pm

22. Hotel Pooja, Nr. Gujral Pump 9.45 am 5.15 pm

23. Hotel Sawariya Restaurant, Nr. Gujral

Pump

9.50 am 5.20 pm

24. Asoda Mutton Hotel, Infront of

Dadawadi

9.55 am 5.25 pm

25. Hotel Nishu, Nr.Khote Nagar 10.00 am 5.30 pm

26. Hotel Vishwanath, Nr. Khote Nagar 10.05 am 5.35 pm

27. Hotel Mandar, Nr. Khote Nagar 10.10 am 5.40 pm

28. Hotel Sai Palace, Nr. Bambhori Naka 10.20 am 5.50 pm



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-13


Table 3.5: Hotel waste collection route - Vehicle No. 37

Sr.

No.

Name of Hotel

Morning Evening

1. Hotel Mayuri 8.30 am 4.00 pm

2. Court Canteen 8.35 am 4.05 pm

3. Hotel Morocco 8.35 am 4.05 pm

4. Hotel Rangoli 8.35 am 4.05 pm

5. Hotel Aakash, Kewal, Silver

Palace

8.35 am 4.05 pm

6. Hotel Poonam, Shilpa 8.40 am 4.10 pm

7. Hotel Bombay 8.45 am 4.15 pm

8. Hotel Pratap, Dwarka 8.50 am 4.20 pm

9. Hotel Gorasdham 8.55 am 4.25 pm

10. Hotel Aryaniwas, Royal, Aarya 9.00 am 4.30 pm

11. Hotel Sugoki 9.05 am 4.35 pm

12. Hotel Lokpriya 9.05 am 4.35 pm

13. Hotel Chhaya, Chitra chowk 9.10 am 4.40 pm

14. Hotel Green 9.15 am 4.45 pm

15. Hotel Samadhan, Maratha, Ashok

Talkies Galli

9.15 am 4.45 pm

16. Hotel Mamaji, Brij-Vilas Rd.,

Sawariya

9.20 am 4.50 pm

17. Hotel Shere-Punjab, Kashinath 9.25 am 4.55 pm

18. Hotel Yuvraj, Savera 9.30 am 5.00 pm

19. Hotel Gajana 9.35 am 5.05 pm

20. Hotel Jam-Jam 9.45 am 5.15 pm


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-14


21. Hotel Mahendra, Mansi 9.50 am 5.20 pm

22. Hotel Maharaja, Murli Manohar 9.55 am 5.25 pm

23. Hotel Trimurti 10.00 am 5.30 pm

24. Hotel Kasturi 10.05 am 5.35 pm

25. Hotel President Park 10.15 am 5.45 pm

26. Hotel Maitreya, Sundaram 10.25 am 5.55 pm

27. Hotel Nilambari 10.35 am 6.05 pm

28. Hotel Yogesh 10.40 am 6.10 pm

29. Hotel Vasu-Mitra 10.50 am 6.20 pm

30. Hotel Pushpak 11.00 am 6.30 pm

31. Hotel Gaurav 11.05 am 6.35 pm

32. Hotel Janhavi 11.10 am 6.40 pm

33. Hotel Bhangale 11.15 am 6.45 pm

34. Hotel Kale 11.20 am 6.50 pm

35. Hotel Dream-Land, Sanjay 11.25 am 6.55 pm

36. Hotel Pritam Park 11.30 am 7.00 pm

37. Shera-Dhaba infront of Transport

nagar

11.35 am 7.05 pm

38. Hotel Sahara 11.40 am 7.10 pm

39. Hotel Vilas 11.45 am 7.15 pm



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-15


The municipal area has been subdivided into sixteen health units for collection purpose. Waste

generation accounts for about 226 tones / day, the average per capita 0.491 kg / day and the

collection is 100%.

Table 3.6: Generation of waste in Jalgaon city


Health

Unit

Nature of Generators And Expected Quantity in Kilograms – 0.491 / Capita / Day

Residents Families Commercial Property Hotels Road Sweeping & Debris

Nos

Quantity of

Waste

Generated

in Kg

Nos

Quantity of

Waste

Generated

in Kg

Nos

Quantity

of Waste

Generate

d in Kg

Length of

the Road in

Km

Quantity of Waste

Generated in Kg

1. 7555 14221 22 5.87 4 72.28 21.37 1942.11

2. 7020 10377 265 70.76 10 180.70 39.49 3588.85

3. 5821 10474 2704 721.97 44 795.08 24.26 2204.75

4. 5012 9019 4569 1219.92 45 813.15 15.60 1417.73

5. 4456 8020 163 43.52 1 18.07 9.06 823.37

6. 5714 10286 589 157.26 40 722.80 31.52 2864.54

7. 3766 6639 1490 397.83 75 1355.25 16.81 1527.69

8. 6166 11096 747 199.45 30 542.10 27.12 2464.67

9. 3905 8604 379 101.19 5 90.35 22.07 2005.72

10. 11565 20277 1354 361.52 18 325.26 30.62 2782.75

11. 6633 11939 209 55.80 11 198.77 28.81 2618.25

12. 8374 14653 372 99.32 40 722.80 34.67 3150.81

13. 3430 6173 766 204.52 27 487.89 23.05 2094.78

14. 10726 19307 383 102.26 9 162.63 29.23 2656.42

15. 2375 3816 823 219.74 14 252.98 27.76 2522.83

16. 6070 12066 144 38.45 9 162.63 38.12 3464.35

98588 176967 14979 3999.39 382 6902.74 419.56 38129.61

Total Waste Generation in Tones: 226


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-16


JCMC currently provides Door to Door Collection System only for some parts of the city,

although it intends to implement this system for the entire city. The JCMC plans to implement it

in the near future through public private partnership schemes. Private agencies will be mandated

to collect wet and dry garbage/ refuse separately from individual houses and offices.

Subsequently, they need to transfer it to Secondary Collection points (community bins).

Currently the JCMC has identified 150 secondary collection points located in various points in

the city, out of which 20 collection points are located in slums namely, Tambapura, Harivitthal

Nagar, Samatha Nagar, Pimprala, Tukaram wadi, Ambedkar Nagar, HUDCO, Shivaji Nagar,

Dandekar Nagar, and Khanderav Nagar. The private agency would also be responsible to collect

user charges as established by the JCMC. The JCMC also uses abandoned quarries and ditches

to act as dump sites.

Table 3.7: Compactor route plan

Source: Solid Waste Management – DPR with Micro Plan

1) Shiv Colony Bus Stop :

Shiv colony via Gujral petrol pump → Nimkhedi road → Chanduanna nagar → Gat no. 864

Waste treatment plant.

2) Golani Market :

Golani market → Court chowk → Khwajamiya chowk → Ring road via Bahinai Uddyan →

Gujral petrol pump → Nimkhedi road → Chanduanna nagar → Gat no. 864 Waste treatment

plant.

3) Nr. Muktidham Open Space :

Muktidham → Annabhau Sathe statue → Pande chowk → Swatantra chowk → Bahinai Uddyan

→ Gujral petrol pump → Nimkhedi road → Chanduanna nagar → Gat no. 864 Waste treatment

plant.

Sr. No. Compactor No. Unit Collection point

1. 1 2,12,13,14 Shiv colony bus stop

2. 2 1,3,4,16 (some part of 16) Golani Market

3. 3 5,16 (Part), 6,7,8 Nr. Mukti Dham O/s

4. 4 9,10,11,15 Vidhya English medium

school


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-17


4) Vidya Foundation English Medium School :

Vidya Foundation English Medium School → Old Shirsoli naka → D.S.P. chowk →

Aakashwani chowk → Gujral petrol pump → Nimkhedi road → Chanduanna nagar → Gat no.

864 Waste treatment plant.

Map 3.1: Showing solid waste disposal sites


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-18


Presently 719 sanitary workers are working in sweeping, collection and transportation activities.

The collected waste is being transported through 28 vehicles to dumping ground. The present

status of MSW management in the JCMC covers sweeping of roads, public awareness efforts,

collection and transportation of waste, prohibition of littering and manual handling of waste,

processing and finally disposal of waste, all in relation to the MSW Rules, 2000. Gaps between

the desired levels as per MSW Rules and present systems have been analyzed.

Table 3.8: Gap analysis for Jalgaon city

Action MSW Rules 2000

Present

Status of

SWM

Proposed SWM

Segregation

Organizing awareness

programs promoting

recycling or reuse of

segregated materials phased

programs to ensure

community participation in

Waste segregation

Segregation

Not Followed.

• Segregation of Waste in to wet, dry

/ recyclables & house hold

hazardous wastes.

• Conducting awareness programs

every month familiarizing people

about the solid Waste management

system adopted in the city of

Jalgaon

• Training programs for retrievers

regarding importance of

segregation, proper handling of

Waste and its hazards due to

improper handling.

Primary

Collection

Door to door Waste collection.

Slums, bulk generators,

agricultural Waste should

have separate collection

system. MSW should not mix

with hospital and industrial

Waste. No burning of Waste

Recycling biodegradable

Waste.

Through

community

bins Street

sweeping in

major 16

Health Unit

• Micro Planning for Door to door

collection

• Street sweeping by Mechanical

Sweepers

• C.C. Road – 51.182Km

• Asphalt Rd.–256.82Km

• Manual Sweeping

• WBM Rd. – 143.57Km

• - Separate collection system for

bulk generators and construction

Waste.

• User charges will be levied from

households, commercial

establishments and other Waste

generators.

• GPS tracking system for vehicle

tracking.

Secondary

Storage

Adequate number of covered

storage bins colorization of the

bins: Bio-degradable Wastes

green, Recyclable Waste –

white, Other Wastes – black,

Avoid manual handling of

Waste

635 Nos. of

Community

uncover bins

are place for

secondary

storage.

• At some market places12 nos. of

containers are proposed.

Transportation Covered transportation All vehicle • 25 nos. of TATA Ace

• 12 nos. of TATA 407


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-19


Vehicles. Avoid multiple

handling of Waste. No open

dumping. Regular clearance

frequency.

and collection

system not

covered.

• 5 nos. of Compactors

• 5 nos. of mechanical road sweepers

• 3 nos. of mechanical drainage

cleaners

• 1 no. of Fogging machine

• 1 no. of Jetting machine

(Is proposed along with GPS tracking

system)

Processing

Recycling of biodegradable

Wastes inert for landfill

No processing

is being

followed

• Hanjeer Biotech Pvt. Ltd. Has

started construction work for

processing and disposal of MSW.

Disposal Sanitary landfill Open

dumping

• Work under process

Financial

arrangement

Expenditure

under SWM

is maintained

separately.

• Capital investment for collection

& transportation from 12th finance

& processing & disposal on BOOT

basis.


The outcome of the analysis focuses on the all remaining aspects of MSW management since a

new collection and transportation system compatible to the Rules is proposed. The areas now

need attention are –

• Public awareness for separate collection of all types of waste at source and

making use of the collection and transportation system in place.

• Processing of all category and disposal of waste in a manner which ensures

separate collection and as far as possible centralized processing and land filling

of only inert waste (Construction work under process).

• Developing the new land fill site.

3.2.2: Design and Implementation of Collection and Transportation System: Municipal

Corporation of the City of Jalgaon has completed this exercise in tune with the MSW Rules

2000 and a new system with the following features will be in place and operation proposed

progressing towards its ultimate objectives stipulated under the compliance criteria mentioned in

the Rules. It will take few months to implement the new system.

• The manpower deployed by the Municipal Corporation of the City of Jalgaon, on an

average per day is shown in table below


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-20


Table 3.9: Manpower deployed by JCMC

Manpower Deployed For Collection & Transportation By

Summary of Manpower Strength

Category of

Manpower Drainage Sweepers Vehicle Toilet Mahila Bachat Gat Reporting To

Chief

Sanitary

Inspector

4

Health Officer

Sanitary

Inspector 16

Chief Sanitary

Inspector

Conservancy

Inspector 3 Sanitary Inspector

Supervisor 38 Sanitary Inspector

Workers 719 235 244 71 49 120

Total 780


• Mode of primary and secondary collection identified and quantified 16 health unit-wise,

including requirement of 37 ghanta gadis, 5 compactors, 5 mechanical sweepers along

with the 2 nos. of nalla cleaners, fogging machine, jetting machine with GPS tracking

system.

• A collection and transportation model of house to house collection, separate collection

at source with closed vehicles and bin system prohibiting manual handling of waste.

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 3.2: Sol

• New vehicle deplo

programmes of each

• Municipal Corporat

and Processing of a

construction on BO

3.2.3: Other Compliance

• Prohibition of litter

City of Jalgaon has

by the pedestrian tra

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

olid waste collection and transportation model Jalg

deployment and operational plan summary giving 16

of each type of vehicle and equipment; compactors, skip lo

rporation of the City of Jalgaon has decided to implement

g of all category of waste process plant and land fill site. (

on BOOT basis).

ance Criteria – System Planned for Implementation

ittering and providing street litter bins: Municipal Co

has proposed to provide litter bins at strategic places of

rian traffic.


____________________

_______________3-21

Jalgaon

g 16 health unit-wise

skip loaders, tippers.

ement the Pretreatment

site. (Work under

pal Corporation of the

ces of waste generation


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-22


Table 3.10: Placement of litter bins for SWM in Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Area

Qty.

1. Station Road 10

2. Nehru statue to Shivaji chowk 08

3. Shivaji chowk to State bank 10

4. State bank to Bus stand 12

5. Bus stand to Swatantra chowk 06

6. Nehru statue to Tower 12

7. Tower to Baliram Peth chowk 08

8. Baliram Peth to Chaube school 08

9. Chaube to Shani Peth Police station 08

10. Shani Peth Police station to Chaube school 10

11. Chaube school to Subhashbabu statue 08

12. Subhashbabu statue to Pushpalata Bendale chowk 10

13. Both side of Dana Bazar road 08

14. ZP to Tower 10

15. Tower to Chitra chowk 12

16. Chitra chowk to Pushpalata Bendale chowk 12

17. Pushpalata Bendale chowk to Bus stand 10

18. Saraswat chowk to Bank street 12

19. Golani Lokmat to Dana bazar petrol pump 12

20. Chitra chowk to Shivaji chowk 18

21. Maruti temple to Vijay time 08

22. Station to Ramdev baba temple 08

23. New bus stop 04

24. Tehsil office road 03

Market


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-23


25. B. J. market 12

26. New B. J. market 12

27. Ambedkar market 04

28. Shahu market 04

29. Golani market 04

30. Nanibai market 04

31. Deshapande market 02

32. Nelson Mandela chowk 04

33. Krushi Utpanna Bazar Samiti market 12

34. Panchmesh Plaza 01

35. Bhoite School Market 04

36. Stadium Shopping market 08

37. Gandhi market 08

38. Om chamber 02

39. Lathi plaza 01

40. Gita Shankar market 02

41. Khandesh complex 12

42. Yash plaza 02

43. Leva boarding 03

44. Nath plaza 02

45. Kelkar market 02

46. Sant Kanvaram market 02

47. Ganesh Market 02

48. Sant Godadivala market 02

49. Zare plaza 01

50. Sai plaza 02

51. Ganesh plaza 02

52. Suvarna plaza 02


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-24


53. Unity chamber 10

54. Chaube market 02

55. Bhaskar Market

06

Govt. Office

56. Civil hospital 03

57. Collector office 03

58. B & C office 02

59. Tapi Path Bandhare office 02

60. Vanikaran 02

61. RTO office 02

62. Police head quarter 02

63. Tehasil office 02

64. Court 02

Garden

65. Bahinabai garden 04

66. Gandhi garden 04

67. Shama Prasad garden 04

68. Shivaji garden 10

69. Ambedkar garden 04

70. Chaupaty

08

71. Temple

165

Total 582



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-25


Table 3.11: Placement of container for SWM in Jalgaon city


• Public awareness and enforcement of discipline regarding laws for MSW management

is the main achievement addressed after back up physical systems are in place.

Enlightened citizens, elected representatives, non government organizations, industries

& industrial houses and other concerned agencies will come forward to help the

Corporation for implementing improved systems.

3.2.4: Collection and Transportation of Waste:

Capital Investment : 6, 62,26,000/-

Operating and Maintenance per year : 3,97,15,000/-

3.2.5: Processing and Disposal:

Capital Investment (on BOOT basis) : 14,91,66,000/-

Operating and Maintenance for : 41,24,500/-

landfill only not for processing

Sr.

No.

Area Quantity Compactor

Number

Time of Empty

Morning Night

1. Phule market 1 2 6.45 am 9.30 pm

2. Golani market 1 2 7.00 am 9.45 pm

3. B. J. market 1 3 6.45 am 9.30 pm

4. Sindhi colony market 1 3 6.50 am 9.35 pm

5. Krushi Utpanna Bazar Samiti market 4 3 7.00 am 9.45 pm

6. Weekly Bazar market 3 3 7.15 am 10.00 pm


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-26


Table 3.12: Revenue generation - Collection charges for 2008

Sr.

No.

Description Nos. Per Month Charges Per Month Per Year

1. House Holders 98588 20 1971760 23661120

2. Commercial

Properties

14979 75 1123425 13481100

3. Hotel 982 100 38200 458400

4. Industries 1083 200 216600 2599200

Total 4,01,99,820/-


3.2.6: Solid Waste Management Micro-plan:

• Goal

To ensure scientific solid waste collection, transportation and disposal methods for

healthy and clean city.

• Objectives

i. Initiate door-to-door collection system

ii. Efficient transportation system for collection and disposal.

iii. Designate land fill site for disposal.

iv. Compost plant for MSW – treatment capacity 240 tones/day

v. Initiate segregation at source

vi. Capacity building and Community awareness programme, Information,

education & Communication campaigns by NGOs on waste segregation.

• Design framework for 25 years ending year 2033

The waste generation per capita is estimated based on the present and projected

population. The design period of scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting

base year of 2008. The waste generation per capita is estimated 0.491kg/day/person.

i. Current tonnage SWM – 226 T/D ;

ii. Annual generation – 82490 T/Y (2007);

iii. Identified land fill site – 383250 Cum;

iv. Projected population = 8,55,821;


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-27


v. Projected tonnage (2033) : 450 T/D ;

vi. Composting (2033) : Projected tonnage 270 T/D

• Strategies for the SWM

i. Initiate door to door collection with source segregation;

ii. Regularize waste collection from slum areas;

iii. Involvement of SHGs, RWAs and CBOs for collection;

iv. Collection of Bio medical, industrial and construction and demolition wastes

apart from Municipal solid waste;

v. Overall engineering measures to maintain the land fill sites, scientific tools

for collection and disposal.

• Infrastructure Needs: Project Conceptualization:

i. Preparation of comprehensive plan for Solid waste management with

focus on transportation for an area of 68.23 sqkm;

ii. GPS tracking of collection and disposal vehicles;

iii. Construction of Compost plant with a tonnage capacity of 270T/D;

iv. Preparation of sanitary land fills site (3nos.)- construction of Weigh

Bridge, unloading platform, operator facilities etc;

v. Transfer station- 4 Nos;

vi. Augmenting of existing bio medical waste plant through PPP model; and

vii. Upgradation of land for land fill sites and transfer stations.

• Management and Maintenance:

i. Capacity building and awareness campaign.

ii. Maintenance of machinery and equipments.

3.2.7: Proposed System for Solid Waste Management:

• The municipal corporation has reviewed its existing system of solid waste management

and decided to revamp the collection and transportation system in tune with MSW Rules

– 2000.

• In the proposed system, Municipal Corporation has planned for house to house

collection of generated waste through Ghanta gadis. The total vehicles required for

house to house collection are 37.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-28


• 5 mechanical sweepers will be used for cleaning of all cement concrete roads and

asphalt roads. Sweeping of remaining roads will be managed by existing manpower. 150

push carts are proposed for the collection of waste on these kaccha and narrow roads.

• At busy and crowded market places 15 nos. of containers will be kept for collection of

waste.

• For primary collection of waste from road side, market places 584 litter bins are

proposed.

• All the waste, from house to house collection, from mechanical sweeper, manual

sweeping will be transferred to the four secondary collection points. From here, the

waste will be finally transported to the processing plant through five compactors for

final disposal.

• Two approach roads to the processing plant at Avhane are proposed.

• Slaughter house treatment plant, upgradation of existing service station and MIS system

& GPS tracking system for monitoring and evaluation are also proposed.

• The total capital expenditure is Rs. 6,62,26,000/- out of which financial assistance of Rs.

26528810/- is already given by the Government under the 12th Finance Commission.

The corporation earnestly requests the Government to provide additional amount of Rs.

39697190/- as special grants under 12th Finance Commission.

Table 3.13: Capital cost required for proposed system

Sr. No. Particulars Quantity Rate

(in Rs.)

Amount

(in Rs.)

A Street sweeping

Pushcart 150 4000 600000

Mechanical sweeper 05 16700000

Nala cleaner 02 3200000

B. Primary collection

Litter bins 584 4000 2336000

Tata ACE Hopper 27 450000 12150000


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-29


4.5 Cum container 15 70000 1050000

Construction of PCC

platform, for placing

containers on it

12 10000 120000

C Transportation

Compactor 5 3000000 15000000

Vacuum Emptier 1 1600000 1600000

Jet machine 1 250000 250000

Fogging machine 1 1000000 1000000

G.P.S. tracking system 62 30000 1860000

D Others

Slaughter house treatment

plant 1 650000 650000

Upgradation of existing

service station 1 200000

E Approach road to the

processing plant 2 9000000

F MIS system for monitoring

& evaluation – 500000

Grand Total 6,62,26,000



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-30


Table 3.14: Project costing for the solid waste management sector

Source: City Development Plan – UIDSSMT

3.3: HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

3.3.1: Ongoing Initiatives: At present, JCMC has been identified land fill sites at Avhane

Shiwar an extent of 16.0 acres, Kannakai Road dumping site (proposed compost plant) an extent

of 16.00 acres and Mohadi Shiwar an extent of 7.0 acres and existing Bio-medical (Mansai)

plant with the treatment capacity of 750 kg/day and expected to 1.5 tones/day.

Sr.

No.

Sector / Components Total

Investment

(Rs. in

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. in

Crores)

2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12

1. Construction of sanitary

landfill site- 3 nunbers @

Rs. 20.00 crores / unit

60.00 48.00 24.00 24.00

2. Construction of transfer

station – 3 numbers @ Rs.

50 lakhs

1.50 1.50 0.75 0.75

3. Construction of compost

plant – Rs. 5 lakhs /

tonnage capacity of 240

T/D

12.00 9.60 1.92 3.84 3.84

4. Augementation of exsiting

BWM treatment facility –

lump sum

3.00 3.00 3.00

5. GPS vehicle tracking of

collection and disposal

(GPS survery and

introduction of GPS

model)- lump sum

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

6. Land acquisition: landfill

site 30 acres, transfer

station 15 acres &

compost plant 25 acres @

Rs. 15 lakhs / acre (Rs.

4.50 + 2.25 + 3.75 crores)

10.50 8.40 4.20 4.20

Summary of solid waste

management sector

89.00 72.50 9.12 32.04 27.84 1.75 1.75


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-31


Figure 3.3: Mansai Bio-medical treatment plant

3.3.2: Issues, Potential and Challenges in Sewage and Sanitation Sector

i) Policy level Issues:

• Unscientific waste disposal is causing environmental problems.

• Due to improper management of municipal solid waste and uncontrolled dumping of

waste on the outskirts of towns and cities, they create overflowing landfills.

Figure 3.4: Dumping sites

ii) Service and O&M Issues:

• Waste collection is limited only to certain areas

• Open storage bins lead to environmental pollution and health hazards

• Waste disposed in drains and on road sides

• Drains blocked due to waste disposal leading to water contamination and health

and hygiene problems.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________3-32


iii) Potential:

Huge quantity of refuse generation and its pollution load in Jalgaon city indicates that

the need for adoption of effective refuse management system for protection of the

environment and aesthetic beauty of the city.

**********

Chapter 4: Environmental Pollution

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-1


4. Environmental Pollution

4.1: ENVIRONMENT

“Environment is the sum of all social, economical, biological, physical or chemical factors

which constitute the surroundings of man, who is both creator and moulder of his environment”.

The term Environment, which etymologically means surroundings, is considered as a composite

term for the conditions in which organism live and thus consists of air, water, food and sunlight

which are the basic needs of all living beings and plant life, to carry on their life functions. The

environment also includes other living things, temperature, wind, electricity, etc. The

environment for any living organism has never been constant or static. It has always been

changing, sometimes slowly and sometimes rapidly or drastically. Thus, like other organisms,

man is also affected by his environment and these changes in environment may benefit or harm

the man or other organism living in it.

Natural environment is that part of the planet earth which is especially untouched and has not

been invaded by man. But today the man, equipped with a variety of skills and superior

technology, has ruined the natural resources without understanding the rebounding

repercussions even on his own existence. So the scientists, climatologists and environmentalists

have alarmed the modern man against the devastating impact of unscientific and reckless

exploitation of natural environment and pleaded to save the life existing on earth.

Today numerous issues like quality of environment, ecological imbalance, disruption of earth’s

natural ecosystems, environmental degradation, depletion of protective ozone umbrella, chloro-

fluro carbons, ozone hole, global warming and sick environment have been raised. No doubt

man is now awakened towards environmental problems and the public interest concerning the

quality of environment has reached the emotional peaks but can this tempo be sustained for long

time? Today the modern technologies, after exceedingly high rate of rapacious exploitation of

natural resources and uncontrolled development by developed countries are responsible for

alarming situation of grave environmental crisis and ecological disturbance all over the globe.

Environmental pollution and human efforts for the betterment of living standards are the two

sides of the same coin. In the wake of industrialization, consequent urbanization and ever


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-2


increasing population, the basic amenities of life, viz., air, water and land, are being polluted

continuously.

4.2: AIR QUALITY

“The presence of one or more contaminant such as dust, gas, mist, odour, smoke, smog or

vapours in the outdoor atmosphere, in quantities, of characteristics and of duration so as to be

injurious to human, plant or animal life or to property or which unreasonably interferes with the

comfortable enjoyment of life and property is known as air pollution”.

Air pollution may be personal, occupational or community air pollution. Exposure of an

individual to dust, fumes, smoke, smog and gases may be regarded as personal air pollution. The

type of exposure of an individual to potentially hazardous concentration of aerosols, vapours and

gases in his working environment is known as occupational air pollution. Community air

pollution involves pollution from a variety of sources and contaminants and factors, which cause

adverse social, economic and health effects. The community air pollution not only affects many

individuals but it can also exert a significant impact on man’s total environment, including

plants, animals, building, property and even the wealth.

The most important gaseous air pollutants are carbon monoxide, chlorine, halogenated solvents,

hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulphide, nitrous oxide and sulphur dioxide.

Various industrial installations such as asphalt plants, boiling and heating installations, cement

manufacturing, fertilizer manufacturing, paper and pulp manufacturing, thermal and nuclear

power plants, sewage treatment plants, engineering workshops, etc. form the stationary sources

of the urban air pollution. The automobiles such as cars, scooters, motors, trucks, buses moving

on the urban roads form the mobile sources of air pollution.

Two and three wheelers emit the highly toxic gases in quantities that are about twice the amount

emitted by other sources.

Air may be regarded as polluted when it is changed in its quality and composition as result of

human activities. The release of low amount of pollutants into the air does not lead to any

serious effects because the atmosphere has a considerable absorptive capacity. When the

concentration of pollutants in air becomes so high that they cannot be tolerated by atmosphere’s

regulating cycles, dangerous consequences arise as polluted air is not suitable for breathing.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-3


The rapid industrialization, fast urbanization, rapid growth in population, drastic increase in

vehicles on the roads and other activities of human beings have disturbed the balance of natural

atmosphere.

The survival of any living organism is totally based on the breathing of pure natural air and if it

gets polluted because of one reason or the other, various undesirable and serious effects may

occur. Since air is universal as well as international, the effects of air pollution will be

widespread and will have no boundaries.

Thus, we cannot find clean air in any part of the world. The air that we breathe is not pure

oxygen but is contaminated with dust, smoke and several gases in harmful proportions.

When the rate of pollution exceeds the self-purifying capacity of the nature, accumulation of

pollutants occurs causing severe health problems.

Commonly air constitutes 80% of man’s daily intake by weight. We breathe 22,000 times a day

inhaling 16 kg of air. The physiological requirement of an average adult is roughly 14 kg of air,

1.5 kg of food and 2 kg of water per day. A man can survive without food for 5 weeks, without

water for 5 days but without air for few minutes only. So, one has to inhale air for his survival

even if he is not interested in inhaling it. The mankind has no other choice except to keep the

atmospheric air extremely pure and free from the effects of air pollution.

Table 4.1: Composition of clean air at mean sea level

Sr. No. Component % By volume

1. Nitrogen 78.09

2. Oxygen 20.09

3. Argon 0.93

4. Carbon dioxide 0.0318

5. Neon 0.0018

6. Helium 0.00052

7. Krypton 0.0001

8. Xenon 0.000008

9. Nitrous oxide 0.000025

10. Hydrogen 0.00005

11. Methane 0.00015

12. Nitrogen oxide 0.0000001

13. Ozone 0.000002

14. Sulphur dioxide 0.0000002

15. Carbon monoxide 0.00001

16. Ammonia 0.000001

In India from 11 Nov. 1982 Section (2) (6), the guidelines of the Air (Prevention and Control)

Act, 1981 has been followed for maintaining the air quality standards. The act was again

amended in 1994.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-4


Table 4.2: National Ambient Air Quality Standards

Sr.No. Pollutant Sampling time Ambient Air Concentration in µg/m3

Industrial Residential Sensitive

1. Sox Annual 80 60 15

24 hrs 120 80 30

2. NOx Annual 80 60 15

24 hrs 120 80 30

3. RSPM Annual 120 60 50

24 hrs 150 100 75

4. SPM Annual 360 140 70

24 hrs 500 200 100

Table 4.3: Ambient Air Quality Standards developed by CPCB

Sr.

No.

Area

Code

Category of Area Concentration of pollutants (µg/m3)

SPM SO2 NOx CO

1. A Industrial and mixed area 500 120 120 5000

2. B Residential area 200 80 80 2000

3. C Sensitive Area (Hospitals, Dams,

Forests, Tourist places, etc)

100 30 30 1000

In 1986, Ministry of Environment and Forest made standards and criteria for the air pollution in

consistence with the above said act. According to the Motor Vehicle Rule, 1981 it was made

obligatory for every vehicle to have PUC certificate. Air monitoring index shows the total

effects of different type of air pollutants. Following table shows standard Air Quality Index and

status of monitoring area –

Table 4.4: Standard Air Quality Index and status of monitoring area

Sr. No. Range (AQI) Class

1. 0 to 20 Excellent

2. 21 to 40 Good

3. 41 to 60 Fair

4. 61 to 80 Poor

5. 81 to 100 Bad

6. Above 100 Dangerous

___________________________

_____________________


Table 4.

Sr.No. Location

Standards

1. Bajrang Pool

2. Prabhat Chowk

3. B.J.Market

4. Ajanta Chowk

5. Golani market

6. Gujaral petrol p

7. Akashwani Cho

8. Court Chowk

9. Bendale Chowk

10. Icchadevi Chow

Figure 4.1:

0102030405060708090

RS

PM

µg

/m3

______________________________________________________

__________________________________________

ble 4.5: Level of average air pollutants in JCMC area

cation RSPM (µg/m3) SO2 (µg/m3) NOx (µg/m3)

200 80 80

72.1 14.2 65.1

howk 81.5 16.1 60.0

60.3 13.3 62.0

owk 75.6 16.5 68.0

rket 70.2 11.5 58.0

etrol pump 58.1 14.6 52.0

i Chowk 72.9 17.8 59.0

78.5 17.0 61.0

howk 76.4 18.2 63.0

Chowk 85.6 18.0 65.0

Showing RSPM level in different areas of Jalgaon

Location

RSPM


____________________

______________4-5

area

CO (mg/m3)

02

0.70

0.81

0.75

0.82

0.91

0.51

0.68

0.72

0.78

0.81

lgaon city

RSPM

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.2:

Figure 4.3:

Figure 4.4:

02468101214161820

SO

2 µ

g/m

3

01020304050607080

Bajarang Pool

NO

xµ

g/m

3

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

Bajarang Pool

CO

mg

/m3

______________________________________________________

__________________________________________

: Showing SO2 level in different areas of Jalgaon

: Showing Nox level in different areas of Jalgaon

: Showing CO level in different areas of Jalgaon ci

Location

SO2

Prabhat Chowk

B.J.Market

Ajanta Chowk

Golani Market

Gujral Petrol

Pump

Akashwani

Chowk

Court Chowk

Bendale Chowk

Icchadevi Chowk

Location

NOX

Bajarang Pool

B.J.Market

Golani Market

Akashwani

Chowk

Bendale Chowk

Location

CO


____________________

______________4-6

city

city

city

SO2

NOX

CO


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-7


Table 4.6: Ambient air quality of Jalgaon city

Sr.No. Parameters Residential Mixed Industrial

1. TSP 179.4 166.17 126.26

2. PM10 156.7 333.85 182.03

3. NOx 60.6 90.09 119.86

4. SO2 13.3 20.08 30.31

5. CO 0.81 0.52 0.74

Table 4.7: Air Quality Index (AQI)

Sr.No. Area AQI Air Quality

1. Residential 75.50 Polluted

2. Mixed 120.00 Heavily polluted

3. Industrial 129.00 Severely polluted

Air quality has been a complex issue in most of the urban areas due to a variety of source

contribution through fugitive and line emission. The ambient air quality data generated has been

questionable due to lack of interagency co-ordination in monitoring protocols and site

selections. Above all lack of quality control and assessment in the overall data gathering and

interpretation adds to the problem.

There are many agencies which carry out air quality monitoring on individual basis in the city

like University , MPCB itself, few collage for their academic purpose and others. However,

most of these accept MPCB under the National Ambient Monitoring Programme (NAMP)

carryout intermittent and project based monitoring. It was found to be very essential to evaluate

the existing air quality sampling locations as per the standard criteria for sampling setup by

International agency as well as Indian standards.

It is equally important to know that Jalgaon city’s pollution has been always concerned with

concentrations of particulate matter which are 10 microns in size (10-6m) known as PM10 and

are so small that they can’t be seen visually but enter into the respiratory systems of human

beings and affect to a great extent. Some of the major effect of particulate pollutants are

increased risk of respiratory death in infants less than 1 year, deterioration in rate of lung

function development, aggravated asthma and also causes other respiratory symptoms such as

cough and bronchitis in children.

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.5: Showin

The much smaller particles

increasing deaths from card

2.5 concentrations increase

respiratory causes. Some of

more than 10,000 people in

Gases such as Sulphur di

gases and are also monitore

standard safe limits in the c

on Particulate matter pollu

hydrocarbons, green house g

might need serious conside

the very existence human be

11%

0%4%

2%

1%

0%1%

1%2%

0%

2%

3%

16%

______________________________________________________

__________________________________________

howing emission inventory for Jalgaon city (PM 10 ton

rticles is the size range of PM 2.5 (2.5 microns) serious

m cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and lung cance

crease the risk of emergency hospital admission for ca

me of the major air pollution events such as London Sm

ple in a day and need serious thought.

ur dioxide, Nitrogen oxides and Carbon monoxide are

nitored under the NAMP. However, these gases are neve

the city since last decade or so and hence all the concern

pollution in the city. These are certain non-conventiona

ouse gases like carbon dioxide and ozone which are not y

onsiderations in the coming years, it being most response

man beings on this mother planet earth.

55%

16%

Emission Inventory for Jalgaon city


____________________

______________4-8

0 tones / year)

eriously affects health,

cancer. Increased PM

for cardiovascular and

don Smog caused lives

e are called as criteria

e never found over the

oncerns are now based

entional pollutants like

not yet monitored and

sponse and decisive of

Paved

Unpaved

Street Vendors

Street Sweeping

Trash Burning

Slums

Hotels

Bakeries

Agri-Land

Agri-Pumps

Agri-Wind

Non Ind Gensets

Ind Gensets

Mobile


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-9


4.3: NOISE LEVEL

“Noise pollution is the unwanted sound dumped into the environment without regard to the

adverse effect it may have.”

Modern life has given rise to a new form of pollution, called noise pollution. Crowded cities and

towns, mechanized means of transport, new devices of recreation and entertainment are

polluting the atmosphere with their continuous noise. No doubt noise is a normal phenomenon

of life and is deemed to be one of the most effective alarm system in man’s physical

environment. One may also agree that hooting of horns, shrieking of loud speakers installed at

places of worship, lottery booths and those blaring out film songs at marriage and birthday

parties or functions, rumbling of machines and vehicles - all these have to be accepted as

inevitable part of modern civilization. But they are continuously disturbing human peace and

tranquility. The so-called noise has now become an important environmental pollutant and is

serious threat to the quality of our atmosphere that befouls air, water and noise.

Noise is either natural such as thunder or man-made. The main sources of man-made noise

developed in urban areas are mechanized automobiles such as trucks, buses, motors, scooters,

fire engines, police cars, ambulances, etc., factories, industries, trains, aeroplanes and accessory

noise producers such as horns, sirens, loud speakers, musical instruments, TV, radio, transistors,

shouting, barking of dogs, etc. Man-made noise also includes social gathering, marriage and

birthday functions, etc. There has been a considerable increase in noise from man-made sources

during the last 100 years, which is now doubling after every decade. If the noise pollution is

above limit then it causes permanent deafness, stomach diseases, heart attack, BP, ulcer, etc.

Noise pollution affects peoples life, their sleeplessness, deafness, communication problems and

physical health and also effect on their work efficiency.

Under the Air Act and The Environment Protection Act, 1986, ambient air quality standards in

respect of noise in different categories of areas have been notified. Codes of practice for

controlling noise from sources other than automobiles and industries have also been evolved by

CPCB. These include public address system, aircraft operation, railway operation, construction

activities and bursting of crackers.

All State Governments have been requested to advise the concerned departments to implement

these codes for practice under the relevant local acts. State Governments have also been

requested to ban on the use of horns/siren and loudspeakers in the vicinity of silence zones such

as educational institutions, courts, hospitals, etc.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-10


Table 4.8: Noise standards as prescribed in the third amendment of Ambient Air Quality

Standards, 1989

Sr.

No.

Area

Code

Category of Area Noise level (Limits in dB)

Day Time

(6 to 9 am)

Night Time

(9 to 6 pm)

1. A Industrial area 75 70

2. B Commercial area 65 55

3. C Residential area 55 45

4. D Silence zone* 50 40

(Silence zone – It is the area upto 100m around hospitals, educational institutions and courts. Use of vehicle horns,

loud speakers and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones)

Noise is one parameter which depends upon human perspective for its nuisance value. For

example, for youngsters higher noise is soothing when it is related to entertainment whereas the

same might be objectionable to the elderly people. Public addressing systems may be

objectionable to a major class of people. Thus, noise is defined as sound which is objectionable

however, most of us are not aware about the health effect of noise and the extent to which noise

could damage our psychological balance. Studies have shown that noise induces constriction of

blood capillaries and thereby causing headache. Recently experiments on noise effects have

shown that it results into heart attack due to this constriction of blood vessels. Noise induce

hearing loss is very common in industries and it also results in lack of concentrations and often a

cause of irritability especially at the traffic signals.

Understanding the importance of noise and its effect, there has been laws framed for attenuating

noise in industries such as installing acoustic enclosures for (Diesel Generator) DG sets.

Following table shows the Noise Quality Standards, according to the Air Act and The

Environment Protection Act, 1986 –

Table 4.9: Average noise pollution level in Industrial area of Jalgaon city

Location: MIDC Jalgaon

Noise Level Db (A) Standards for Residential Area Db (A)

Time (Hour) Slow Response Fast Response Day Time Night Time

9:15 69.0 72.1

75

70

12:30 84.3 88.2

15:30 82.0 87.8


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-11


18:15 72.5 83.9

21:30 68.3 70.9

Analysis period: 23rd Feb. 2009

Table 4.10: Average noise pollution level in Commercial area of Jalgaon city

Location: Golani Market and Shastri Tower



9:15 63.1 72.5

65

55

12:30 89.3 92.7

15:30 68.4 70.0

18:15 72.6 83.2

21:30 62.9 67.4

Analysis period: 24th Feb. 2009

Table 4.11: Average noise pollution level in Residential area of Jalgaon city

Location: Mahabal colony and Ramanand area



9:15 38.2 42.5

55

45

12:30 35.3 37.9

15:30 32.4 36.7

18:15 42.9 54.3

21:30 40.7 43.6

Analysis period: 25th Feb. 2009

___________________________

_____________________


Table 4.12: Ave

Location: C

Noise

Time (Hour) Slow

9:15

12:30

15:30

18:15

21:30

Analysis period: 26

Figure 4.6: Showing a

Figure 4.7: Showing av

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nois

e L

ev

el

(dB

)

Time

Slow Res

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nois

e L

evel

(dB

)

Time

Slow Res

______________________________________________________

__________________________________________

Average noise pollution level in Silent zone of Jalgao

tion: Civil Hospital area and North Maharashtra University area

Noise Level Db (A) Standards for Residential Area

Slow Response Fast Response Day Time Night

23.8 32.8

50

32.5 35.3

30.3 31.9

36.9 28.4

25.1 26.3

26th Feb. 2009

ing average noise pollution level in Industrial area of J

ing average noise pollution level in Commercial area of

Response

Slow …

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nois

e L

ev

el

(dB

)

Time

Fast Respon

Response

Slow …

0

20

40

60

80

100

Nois

e L

evel

(dB

)

Time

Fast Respon


____________________

______________4-12

algaon city

area

al Area Db (A)

Night Time

40

of Jalgaon city

of Jalgaon city

esponse

Fast …

esponse

Fast …

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.8: Showing av

Figure 4.9: Showing

4.4: WATER QUALITY

“Alteration in physical, che

harmful effects on human an

Water is one of the abundan

animal and vegetable matte

essential ingredient of anim

such as rainwater, river wat

naturally occurring water.

Water is mostly used for in

and quantity of water for

throughout taking all the as

for supply of water for any p

(a) The quantit

0

10

20

30

40

50

60N

ois

e L

evel

(dB

)

Time

Slow Res

0

10

20

30

40

09:15 12:30 15:30

Nois

e L

ev

el

(dB

)

Time

Slow Re

______________________________________________________

__________________________________________

ing average noise pollution level in Residential area of

owing average noise pollution level in Silent zone of Ja

ITY

chemical and biological characteristics of water which

n and aquatic biota is known as water pollution”.

bundantly available substances in nature. It is an essentia

matter and forms about 75% of the matter of earths cr

f animal and plant life. Water is distributed in nature in

er water, spring water and mineral water. Rainwater is th

ater.

for industrial and municipal purposes. In order to ensure

r for these purposes, it is extremely important to moni

the aspects in consideration. The various factors that are

r any purpose are:

uantity of water available.

w Response

Slow …

0

10

20

30

40

50

Nois

e L

evel

(dB

)

Time

Fast Respons

18:15 21:30

ow Response

Slow …

0

10

20

30

40

09:15 12:30 15:30 18:1

Nois

e L

ev

el

(dB

)

Time

Fast Respo


____________________

______________4-13

of Jalgaon city

of Jalgaon city

ich may cause

sential constitute of all

rths crust. It is also an

ture in different forms,

er is the purest form of

ensure the right quality

monitor water supply

at are to be considered

sponse

Fast …

18:15 21:30

Response

Fast …


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-14


(b) Seasonal variation in quantity as well as quality.

(c) Analysis of water taking into consideration its chemical, physical,

microscopical and bacteriological characteristics.

(d) Influence of industrial waste, sewage, etc. on the quality of water.

(e) Cost involved in getting continuous supply of required quality and quantity of

water.

(f) Addition of excess of undesirable substances to water that makes it harmful to

man, animal and aquatic life, or otherwise causes significant departures from

the normal activities of various living communities in or around water.

Thus, water pollution disturbs the normal uses of water for irrigation, agriculture, industrial,

public water supply and aquatic life. It is now considerable not only in terms of public health but

also in terms of conservation, aesthetics and preservation of natural beauty and resources.

Water pollution is mainly caused by -

1. Natural process in which the decomposed vegetable, animal and weather

products are brought into main water resources. All these processes are

interdependent on each other and lead to deterioration of natural environment.

For instance, if organic waste is added to water, it will not only influence the

chemical characteristics but will also affect colour, odour and biological

properties of water.

2. Anthropogenic processes such as industrial, agricultural, urban, domestic,

radioactive, mining sources, use of pesticides and fertilizers by man, etc. These

pollutants are constantly poured in water deteriorating it to such an extent that it

becomes unfit for living community.

4.4.1: Types of water pollution

Water pollution can be classified mainly into four categories. These are:

1. Physical pollution of water.

2. Chemical pollution of water.

3. Biological pollution of water.

4. Physiological pollution of water.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-15


Water quality is a broad term and can be interpreted in different ways according to its intended

use – drinking, irrigation, industries, power generation and recreation. Presumably, the variation

in the water quality requirement among users does not allow it to get grouped under common

standards. Therefore, based on their use and quality demand , water sources are classified into

five major types –

Class I - Potable water source after disinfection

Class II - Water source fit for bathing

Class III - Potable water source suitable after conventional treatment and classification

Class IV - Water for wild-life and fisheries

Class V - Water for irrigation, industrial use and for treated effluent discharge

All the important physico-chemical parameters such as temperature, pH, electrical conductivity,

total suspended solids, total dissolved solids, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides,

alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand, total

phosphate, total viable count and most probable number are monitored with the view of

understanding the pollution loads as well as to evaluate the trends of these loads in the surface

water bodies in order to formulate management plans accordingly. The analysis is carried out in

the Environmental Laboratory using Standard Methods of Analysis as suggested by Indian

Standards Association.

Table 4.13: Water sampling sites for analyzing water samples of Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Sites Description and Justification for site selection

1. River Girna – S1 Near Bambhori village recreational point

2. River Waghur – S2 No injection of effluents or sewage directly

3. Girna Treatment Plant – S3 Saokheda treatment plant

4. Waghur Treatment Plant – S4 Khandari Waghur treatment plant

5. Mahabal colony – S5 Ground water from the high class society of Mahabal area

6. Nimkhedi – S6 Ground water from the middle class society of Nimkhedi area

7. Mehrun – S7 Ground water nearby Mehrun lake low density area and recreational

point

8. MIDC – S8 Carrying industrial effluent and sewage directly into Ground water

9. Waghur lake – S9 Sewage and effluent is not directly injected into the lake

10. Khedi Nala - S10 Carrying industrial effluent and sewage of the city

11. Lendi Nala – S11 Carrying agriculture run off completely through the high density

area and sewage used for irrigation


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-16


12. Gujar Nala – S12 Flowing along with the western side carrying sewage of the

Nimkhedi Gaothan area

13. Pimprala Nala – S13 Carrying sewage of Pimprala Gaothan

Table 4.14: Analyzed physico-chemical parameters of different river and treatment plant

water samples of Jalgaon city

Sr.

No.

Parameter Girna river Waghur river Girna

treatment plant

Waghur

treatment plant

1. Temperature, 0C 21.5 + 0.1 23.0 + 0.1 22.0 + 0.3 25.0 + 0.5

2. pH 6.7 + 0.1 6.7 + 0.1 8.1 + 0.2 5.8 + 0.2

3. Electrical conductivity, mS/cm 134.9 + 2.0 135.9 + 2.0 137.1 + 1.0 135.8 + 1.0

4. TSS, mg/l 156.0 + 2.0 156.0 + 2.0 39.0 + 3.0 22.0 + 0.8

5. TDS, mg/l 1970.1 + 0.6 1870.1 + 0.6 69.7 + 0.2 42.5 + 0.2

6. Total Hardness, mg/l 377.0 + 1.4 277.0 + 1.4 47.4 + 1.5 32.0 + 0.7

7. Calcium, mg/l 39.8 + 0.4 32.7 + 0.5 26.2 + 0.5 18.0 + 0.1

8. Magnesium, mg/l 37.2 + 0.7 144.3 + 0.5 21.2 + 0.5 14.0 + 0.5

9. Chlorides, mg/l 1.7 + 0.1 3.2 + 0.2 1.7 + 0.1 1.2 + 0.1

10. Alkalinity, mg/l 74.5 + 2.7 54.4 + 1.4 36.6 + 2.1 18.2 + 2.1

11. DO, mg/l 8.0 + 0.1 8.4 + 0.1 7.4 + 0.2 8.6 + 0.1

12. COD, mg/l 410.0 + 1.6 441.2 + 1.6 - -

13. BOD, mg/l 112.0 + 0.1 111.8 + 0.1 - -

14. Total Phosphate, mg/l 43.0 + 2.0 62.5 + 3.0 6.8 + 2.3 5.1 + 10.7

15. TVC, per ml 7483.99 x103 5355.44 x103 1011.00 x 103 0017.44 x 103

16. MPN, per 100ml <1.500 <1.200 <1.082 < 0.078

Table 4.15: Analyzed physico-chemical parameters of different ground water samples of

Jalgaon city

Sr.

No.

Parameters Mahabal

colony

Nimkhedi Mehrun MIDC

1. Temperature, 0C 28.0 + 0.2 30.0 + 0.3 29.0 + 0.1 31.1 + 0.1

2. pH 7.5 + 0.2 7.3 + 0.2 8.0 + 0.1 8.8 + 0.3


4. TSS, mg/l 263.0 + 4.0 880.0 + 7.0 100.0 + 8.0 762.3 + 6.0

5. TDS, mg/l 80.1 + 0.3 77.9 + 0.3 76.9 + 0.9 169.4 + 04

6. Total Hardness, mg/l 617.0 + 1.5 369.2 + 1.5 268.9 + 1.6 1021.3 + 1.6

7. Calcium, mg/l 342.0 + 0.4 239.7 + 0.2 140.0 + 0.3 259.2 + 0.4

8. Magnesium, mg/l 275.0 + 0.5 130.0 + 0.6 128.9 + 0.5 762.1 + 0.6


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-17


9. Chlorides, mg/l 2.6 + 0.17 1.0 + 0.1 1.8 + 0.1 7.5 + 0.4

10. Alkalinity, mg/l 69.9 + 1.6 53.4 + 1.0 76.0 + 0.2 121.1 + 4.0

11. DO, mg/l 4.0 + 0.2 3.5 + 0.2 3.4 + 0.5 8.5 + 0.5

12. COD, mg/l 29.5 + 0.2 47.1 + 1.7 35.3 + 2.8 191.0 + 1.9

13. BOD, mg/l 0.9 + 0.1 1.7 + 0.1 1.5 + 0.1 43.0 + 0.2

14. Total Phosphate, mg/l 29.5 + 1.1 25.1 + 1.1 22.6 + 1.0 45.1 + 1.1

15. TVC, per ml 8347.00 x 103 5535.44 x 103 3552.04 x 103 4837.88 x 103

16. MPN, per 100ml < 2.600 >3.100 >1.700 >2.211

Table 4.16: Analyzed physico-chemical parameters of lake water sample of Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Parameter Waghur lake

1. Temperature, 0C 24.0 + 0.1

2. pH 8.1 + 0.1

3. Electrical conductivity, mS/cm 150.4 + 2.0

4. TSS, mg/l 63.0 + 0.4

5. TDS, mg/l 377.8 + 0.7

6. Total Hardness, mg/l 170.9 + 1.6

7. Calcium, mg/l 47.5 + 0.8

8. Magnesium, mg/l 23.4 + 0.6

9. Chlorides, mg/l 2.7 + 0.2

10. Alkalinity, mg/l 55.2 + 1.2

11. DO, mg/l 8.7 + 0.2

12. COD, mg/l 180.0 + 2.8

13. BOD, mg/l 42 + 0.1

14. Total Phosphate, mg/l 83.7 + 3.5

15. TVC, per ml 5466.03 x 103

16. MPN, per 100ml <1.200

Table 4.17: Analyzed physico-chemical parameters of different nala water samples of

Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Parameter Khedi Nala Lendi Nala Gujar Nala Pimprala Nala

1. Temperature, 0C 16.0 + 0.3 8.5 + 0.5 16.0 + 0.3 29.0 + 0.3

2. pH 9.5 + 0.1 8.6 + 0.2 10.5 + 0.1 11.6 + 0.1


4. TSS, mg/l 949.3 + 2.3 756.3 + 2.3 843.2 + 2.0 1156.6 + 1.7

5. TDS, mg/l 2099.2 + 0.3 4122.6 + 0.2 2393.1 + 0.2 1107.7 + 0.3

___________________________

_____________________


6. Total Hardness, mg/l

7. Calcium, mg/l

8. Magnesium, mg/l

9. Chlorides, mg/l

10. Alkalinity, mg/l

11. DO, mg/l

12. COD, mg/l

13. BOD, mg/l

14. Total Phosphate, mg/l

15. TVC, per ml

16. MPN, per 100ml

17. Arsenic , mg/l

18. Cadmium, mg/l

19. Zinc, mg/l

20. Fluorides, mg/l

21. Iron, mg/l

Figure 4.10: Showing te

Figure 4.11: Showing pH

Deg

ree c

elc

ius

02468101214

pH

______________________________________________________

__________________________________________

mg/l 4655.1 + 0.5 5721.6 + 0.3 825.6 + 0.2

2234.5 + 0.2 512.2 + 0.8 536.3 + 0.8

2420.6 + 0.6 209.4 + 0.8 289.3 + 0.5

914.6 + 04 745.5 + 0.4 1002.0 + 0.6

2109.6 + 0.1 3545.6 + 0.8 6768.1 + 0.5

Nil 0.02 + 0.1 0.1 + 1.1

24476.0 + 0.5 15342.0 + 0.8 15720.0 + 0.10

6189.0 + 0.5 3300.0 + 0.8 3840.0 + 0.8

, mg/l 348.6 + 0.2 892.6 + 0.4 966.5 + 0.3

Uncountable Uncountable Uncountable

> =1600 > =1600 > =1600

1.6 + 0.2 1.8 + 0.3 2.5 + 0.5

1.2 + 0.2 0.2 + 0.2 1.6 + 0.5

0.05 + 0.2 0.12 + 0.2 0.15 + 0.2

0.5 + 0.2 1.6 + 0.5 1.2 + 0.2

5.0 + 0.2 3.0 + 0.2 2.5 + 0.2

ing temperature of all water samples collected from dif

Jalgaon city

g pH of all water samples collected from different sites

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9S10S11S12S13

Sites

Temperature

TEMPRATURE

Sites

pH

pH


____________________

______________4-18

0.2 1025.3 + 0.7

0.8 824.4 + 0.9

0.5 200.9 + 0.4

0.6 1217.5 + 0.3

0.5 7814.6 + 0.10

Nil

0.10 1070 + 0.5

0.8 2256 + 1.8

0.3 738.8 + 0.7

table Uncountable

> =1600

3.6 + 0.5

0.8 + 0.2

0.2 + 0.5

2.5 + 0.5

4.5 + 0.5

om different sites of

t sites of Jalgaon city

URE

pH

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.12: Showing elec

Figure 4.13: Showing tot


200400600800

100012001400

EC

(m

S/c

m)

200400600800

100012001400

TSS (m

g/l)

50010001500200025003000350040004500

TD

S (m

g/l)

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

ng electrical conductivity of all water samples collected

sites of Jalgaon city

ng total suspended solids of all water samples collected


ing total dissolved solids of all water samples collected


0200400600800

100012001400

Sites

Electrical Conductivity

EC

0200400600800

100012001400

Sites

Total Suspended Solids

TSS

0500

10001500200025003000350040004500

Sites

Total Dissolved Solids

TDS


____________________

______________4-19

lected from different

lected from different

ected from different

EC

TDS

___________________________

_____________________



Figure 4.16: Showing calc

Figure 4.17: Showing m

100200300400500600700

TH

(m

g/l)

Ca (m

g/l)

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Mg (m

g/l)

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

ng total hardness of all water samples collected from d

Jalgaon city

g calcium of all water samples collected from different

city

ing magnesium of all water samples collected from dif

Jalgaon city

01000200030004000500060007000

Sites

Total Hardness

Total Hardness

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

S1

S3

S5

S7

S9

S1

1

S1

3

Sites

Calcium

Calcium…

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

Sites

Magnesium

Magnesium


____________________

______________4-20

om different sites of

ferent sites of Jalgaon

m different sites of

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.18: Showing c

Figure 4.19: Showing a

Figure 4.20: Showing disso

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Cl (m

g/l)

100200300400500600700800900

Alk

alinity (m

g/l)

DO

(m

g/l)

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

wing chlorides of all water samples collected from diffe

Jalgaon city

wing alkalinity of all water samples collected from diffe

Jalgaon city

g dissolved oxygen of all water samples collected from

Jalgaon city

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

Sites

Chlorides

Cl

0100020003000400050006000700080009000

Sites

Alkalinity

Alkalinity

02468

10

Sites

Dissolved Oxygen

DO


____________________

______________4-21

different sites of

different sites of

from different sites of

Cl

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.21: Showing

Figure 4.22: Showing b

Figure 4.23: Showing tota

CO

D (m

g/l)

1000200030004000500060007000

BO

D (m

g/l)

Tota

l Phosp

hate

(m

g/l)

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

wing chemical oxygen demand of all water samples col

different sites of Jalgaon city

wing biological oxygen demand of all water samples co


g total phosphate of all water samples collected from d

Jalgaon city

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

S1

S3

S5

S7

S9

S1

1

S1

3

Sites

Chemcial Oxygen Demand

COD

01000200030004000500060007000

Sites

Biological Oxygen Demand

BOD

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

Sites

Total Phosphate

Total Phosphate


____________________

______________4-22

les collected from

les collected from

rom different sites of

OD

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.24: Showing TV

Figure 4.25: Showing MP

per ml

0.

1.

2.

3.

per 100 m

l

per 100

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

ing TVC of all water samples collected from different s

city

ng MPN of all water samples collected from different s

city

0

1000

2000

3000

4000

5000

6000

7000

8000

9000

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9 S10S11S12S13

per ml

Sites

TVC

TVC

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 S8 S9

Sites

MPN

MP

0200400600800

10001200140016001800

S10 S11 S12 S13

r 100 ml

Sites

MPN


____________________

______________4-23

rent sites of Jalgaon

rent sites of Jalgaon

MPN

MPN

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4. 26: Showing hea

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

S10 S11 S12

mg/l

Sites

Fluorides

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

S10 S11 S12

mg/l

Sites

Zinc

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

ng heavy metal concentration of all nala water samples


S13

F

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

S10 S11

mg/l

Sit

Arsenic

S12 S13

Zn

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

S10 S11

mg/l

Sites

Cadmium

0.0

1.0

2.0

3.0

4.0

5.0

6.0

S10 S11 S12 S13

mg/l

Sites

Iron

Fe


____________________

______________4-24

mples collected from

S12 S13

Sites

rsenic

S12 S13

Sites

mium

Cd


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-25


4.4.2: Estimation of Water Quality Index (WQI)

WQI is defined as the composite influence of different water quality parameters in the quality of

water. Total nine parameter were chosen to calculate WQI of the collected water samples. The

parameters are enumerated in table 4.19 to 4.31. The WQI of all water sample are calculated as

follows -

Table 4.18: Water Index for River Girna - S1

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn

Wn =k/Sn qn Log qn Wn x log

qn

1. pH 6.7 8.5 0.1176 78.82 1.8966 0.2230

2. Electrical

conductivity

134.9 300 0.0033 44.96 1.6528 0.0054

3. TDS 1970.1 500 0.0020 394.02 2.5955 0.0051

4. Total Hardness 377.0 300 0.0033 125.66 2.0991 0.0069

5. Chlorides 1.7 250 0.0040 0.68 - 0.1674 - 0.0006

6. DO 8.0 6.0 0.1666 133.33 2.1249 0.3540

7. COD 410.0 10.0 0.1000 4100.00 3.6127 0.3612

8. BOD 112.0 5.0 0.2000 2240.0 3.3502 0.06700

9. Alkalinity 74.5 120 0.0083 62.08 1.7929 0.0148

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.4114

Table 4.19: Water Index for River Waghur - S2

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 6.7 8.5 0.1176 78.82 1.8966 0.2230

2. Electrical

conductivity

135.9 300 0.0033 45.30 1.6560 0.0054

3. TDS 1870.1 500 0.0020 374.0 2.5728 0.0051

4. Total Hardness 277.0 300 0.0033 92.33 1.9653 0.0064

5. Chlorides 3.2 250 0.0040 1.28 0.1072 0.0004

6. DO 8.4 6.0 0.1666 140 2.146 0.3575

7. COD 441.2 10.0 0.1000 4412.0 3.6446 0.3644

8. BOD 111.8 5.0 0.2000 2236.0 3.3494 0.6698

9. Alkalinity 54.4 120 0.0083 45.33 1.6563 0.0137

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.6457


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-26


Table 4.20: Water Index for Girna Treatment Plant - S3

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 8.1 8.5 0.1176 95.29 1.9790 0.2327

2. Electrical

conductivity

137.1 300 0.0033 45.70 1.6599 0.0054

3. TDS 69.7 500 0.0020 13.94 1.1442 0.0022

4. Total Hardness 47.4 300 0.0033 15.80 1.1986 0.0039

5. Chlorides 26.2 250 0.0040 10.48 1.0203 0.0040

6. DO 7.4 6.0 0.1666 123.33 2.0910 0.3483

7. Calcium 26.2 75 0.0133 34.93 1.5431 0.0205

8. Magnesium 21.1 30 0.0333 70.66 1.8491 0.0615

9. Alkalinity 36.6 120 0.0083 30.5 1.4842 0.0123

∑ Wn x log qn = 0. 6908

Table 4.21: Water Index for Waghur Treatment Plant - S4

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 6.8 8.5 0.1176 80.0 1.9030 0.2238

2. Electrical

conductivity

135.8 300 0.0033 45.26 1.6557 0.0054

3. TDS 42.5 500 0.0020 8.50 0.9294 0.0018

4. Total Hardness 32.0 300 0.0033 10.66 1.0277 0.0033

5. Chlorides 1.2 250 0.0040 0.48 - 0.3187 - 0.0012

6. DO 8.6 6.0 0.1666 143.33 2.1563 0.3592

7. Calcium 18.0 75 0.0133 24.0 1.3802 0.0183

8. Magnesium 14.0 30 0.0333 46.66 1.6689 0.0555

9. Alkalinity 18.2 120 0.0083 15.16 1.1806 0.0097

∑ Wn x log qn = 0.6758

Table 4.22: Water Index for Mahabal colony - S5

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 7.5 8.5 0.1176 88.23 1.9456 0.2288

2. Electrical

conductivity

150.5 300 0.0033 50.16 1.7003 0.0056

3. TDS 80.1 500 0.0020 16.02 1.2046 0.0024

4. Total Hardness 617.0 300 0.0033 205.66 2.3131 0.0076

5. Chlorides 2.6 250 0.0040 1.04 0.0170 0.0000


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-27


6. DO 4.0 6.0 0.1666 66.06 1.8238 0.3038

7. COD 29.5 10.0 0.1000 295.00 2.4698 0.2469

8. BOD 0.9 5.0 0.2000 18.00 1.2552 0.2510

9. Alkalinity 69.9 120 0.0083 58.25 1.7652 0.0146

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.0607

Table 4.23: Water Index for Nimkhedi - S6

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 7.3 8.5 0.1176 85.88 1.9338 0.2274

2. Electrical

conductivity

139.9 300 0.0033 46.63 1.6686 0.0055

3. TDS 77.9 500 0.0020 15.58 1.1925 0.0023

4. Total Hardness 369.2 300 0.0033 123.06 2.0901 0.0068

5. Chlorides 1.0 250 0.0040 0.40 - 0.3979 - 0.0015

6. DO 3.5 6.0 0.1666 58.33 1.7658 0.2941

7. COD 47.1 10.0 0.1000 471.00 2.6730 0.2673

8. BOD 1.7 5.0 0.2000 34.00 1.5314 0.3062

9. Alkalinity 53.4 120 0.0083 44.50 1.6483 0.0136

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.1217

Table 4.24: Water Index for Mehrun - S7

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 8.0 8.5 0.1176 94.11 1.9736 0.2320

2. Electrical

conductivity

144.0 300 0.0033 48.00 1.6812 0.0055

3. TDS 76.9 500 0.0020 15.38 1.1869 0.0023

4. Total Hardness 268.9 300 0.0033 89.63 1.9524 0.0064

5. Chlorides 1.8 250 0.0040 00.72 - 0.1426 - 0.0005

6. DO 3.4 6.0 0.1666 56.66 1.7532 0.2920

7. COD 35.3 10.0 0.1000 353.0 2.5477 0.2547

8. BOD 1.5 5.0 0.2000 30.00 1.4771 0.2954

9. Alkalinity 76.0 120 0.0083 63.33 1.8016 0.0149

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.1027


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-28


Table 4.25: Water Index for MIDC - S8

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 8.8 8.5 0.1176 103.52 2.0150 0.2369

2. Electrical

conductivity

217.5 300 0.0033 72.5 1.8603 0.0061

3. TDS 169.4 500 0.0020 33.88 1.5299 0.0030

4. Total Hardness 1021.3 300 0.0033 340.43 2.5320 0.0083

5. Chlorides 7.5 250 0.0040 3.00 0.4771 0.0019

6. DO 8.5 6.0 0.1666 141.6 2.1512 0.3584

7. COD 191 10.0 0.1000 1910.0 3.2810 0.3281

8. BOD 43 5.0 0.2000 860.0 2.9344 0.5868

9. Alkalinity 121.1 120 0.0083 100.9 2.0039 0.0166

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.5461

Table 4.26: Water Index for Waghur Lake - S9

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 8.1 8.5 0.1176 95.29 1.9790 0.2327

2. Electrical

conductivity

150.4 300 0.0033 50.13 1.7000 0.0056

3. TDS 377.8 500 0.0020 75.56 1.8782 0.0037

4. Total Hardness 170.9 300 0.0033 56.96 1.7556 0.0057

5. Chlorides 2.7 250 0.0040 1.08 0.0334 0.0001

6. DO 8.7 6.0 0.1666 145.0 2.1613 0.3600

7. COD 180.0 10.0 0.1000 1800.0 3.2552 0.3255

8. BOD 42.0 5.0 0.2000 840.0 2.9242 0.5848

9. Alkalinity 55.20 120 0.0083 46.0 1.6627 0.0138

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.5319

Table 4.27: Water Index for Khedi Nala - S10

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 9.5 8.5 0.1176 111.76 2.0482 0.2408

2. Electrical

conductivity

1175.0 300 0.0033 391.66 2.5929 0.0085

3. TDS 2099.2 500 0.0020 419.84 2.6230 0.0052

4. Total Hardness 4655.1 300 0.0033 1551.7 3.1908 0.0105

5. Chlorides 914.6 250 0.0040 365.84 2.5632 0.0102


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-29


6. DO 2234.5 6.0 0.1666 2979.33 3.4741 0.0462

7. COD 24476.0 10.0 0.1000 244760.0 5.3887 0.5388

8. BOD 6189.0 5.0 0.2000 123780.0 5.0926 1.0185

9. Alkalinity 2109.6 120 0.0083 1758.0 3.2450 0.0269

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.9056

Table 4.28: Water Index for Lendi Nala - S11

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 8.5 8.5 0.1176 101.17 2.0050 0.2357

2. Electrical

conductivity

1196.6 300 0.0033 398.86 2.6008 0.0085

3. TDS 4122.6 500 0.0020 824.52 2.9162 0.0058

4. Total Hardness 5721.6 300 0.0033 1907.2 3.2803 0.0108

5. Chlorides 745.5 250 0.0040 298.2 2.4745 0.0098

6. DO 0.02 6.0 0.1666 0.33 - 0.4814 - 0.0802

7. COD 15342.0 10.0 0.1000 153420.0 5.1858 0.5185

8. BOD 3300.0 5.0 0.2000 66000.0 4.8195 0.9639

9. Alkalinity 3545.6 120 0.0083 2954.66 3.4705 0.0288

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.7016

Table 4.29: Water Index for Gujar Nala - S12

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 10.5 8.5 0.1176 123.52 2.0917 0.2459

2. Electrical

conductivity

93.1 300 0.0033 31.03 1.4917 0.0049

3. TDS 2393.1 500 0.0020 478.62 2.6799 0.0053

4. Total Hardness 825.6 300 0.0033 275.2 2.4396 0.3722

5. Chlorides 1002.0 250 0.0040 400.8 2.6029 0.0104

6. DO 0.1 6.0 0.1666 1.66 0.2201 0.0366

7. COD 9822.0 10.0 0.1000 98220.0 4.9921 0.4992

8. BOD 2821.0 5.0 0.2000 56420.0 4.7514 0.9502

9. Alkalinity 6768.1 120 0.0083 5640.0 3.7512 0.0311

∑ Wn x log qn = 2.1558


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-30


Table 4.30: Water Index for Pimprala Nala - S13

Sr.

No.

Parameter Observed

Value Vn

Standard

Value Sn


qn

1. pH 11.6 8.5 0.1176 136.47 2.1350 0.2510

2. Electrical

conductivity

380.0 300 0.0033 126.66 2.1026 0.0069

3. TDS 1107.7 500 0.0020 221.54 2.3454 0.0046

4. Total Hardness 1025.3 300 0.0033 341.76 2.5337 0.0083

5. Chlorides 1217.5 250 0.0040 487.0 2.6875 0.0137

6. DO 824.4 6.0 0.1666 1099.2 3.0410 0.0404

7. COD 15720.0 10.0 0.1000 1572.00 5.1964 0.5196

8. BOD 3840.0 5.0 0.2000 76800 4.8853 0.9770

9. Alkalinity 7814.6 120 0.0083 6512.16 3.8137 0.0316

∑ Wn x log qn = 1.8501

WQI = antilog ∑9

n=1 Wn log qn

Where, Wn = k/Sn; Wn = unit weight for the nth parameters; Sn = (n=1, 2, 3,------9) refers to

water quality parameters; k = constant of proportionality for the sake of simplicity we assume

k =1; qn = quality rating of nth water quality parameter.

Table 4.31: Water Quality Indices of water samples of Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Sites Water Quality Index (WQI)

1. River Girna – S1 25.78

2. River Waghur – S2 44.22

3. Girna Treatment Plant – S3 4.90

4. Waghur Treatment Plant – S4 4.74

5. Mahabal colony – S5 11.50

6. Nimkhedi – S6 13.23

7. Mehrun – S7 12.66

8. MIDC – S8 35.16

9. Waghur lake – S9 34.03

10. Khedi Nala - S10 80.46


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-31


11. Lendi Nala – S11 50.30

12. Gujar Nala – S12 143.15

13. Pimprala Nala – S13 70.81

Table 4.32: Standard WQI and status of water body

Water Quality Index Status

0 – 25 Excellent

26 – 50 Good

51 – 75 Poor

76 – 100 Very Poor

100 and above Unsuitable for drinking

According to WQI of river Girna and river Waghur, it shows water is having a good quality

status which is then treated in respective treatment plant to make its status excellent for drinking

as well as other domestic purposes. All the ground water samples except MIDC are having good

quality status on the other hand obviously nala water samples shows heavy pollution load.

4.5: SOLID WASTE

“Solid waste is the organic and inorganic waste material produced by household, commercial,

institutional and industrial activities that have no value in the eyes of the owner”

The municipal solid waste management should include –

• Estimation and analysis of waste

• Waste minimization

• Segregation and storage and waste reduction at source

• Primary and secondary collection of waste

• Transportation

• Processing and disposal

• Public awareness creation and enforcement

• Resource management

All the above issues have been addressed in the Municipal Solid Waste Rules, 2000 and the

recommendation of Supreme Court Committee. The main compliance criteria under the MSW

Rules can be summarized as follows –

i. Littering should be prohibited.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-32


ii. The city waste should be collected house-to-house every day.

iii. The entire waste generated in the city should be collected and transported to the

landfill every day in covered vehicles, avoiding multiple and manual handling of the

waste.

iv. The biodegradable waste should be processed and dry waste to be recycled.

v. The existing landfill should be upgraded in accordance with the rules.

Rapid growth in population and technology development lead to increase in quantity of solid

waste. A type of waste includes domestic, commercial industrial, medical, institutional and other

waste. The dry waste consists of plastics, paper cutting packages, glass pieces, metal parts etc.

This biodegradable waste includes waste form hotels, restaurants, skeleton of animals, carcass,

skeleton of human being, waste of fruits, vegetable waste, and waste from granaries. Amongst

this vegetable waste and the waste form granaries are highest in the portion. Hospital,

dispensaries, medicines and pesticides form the hazardous solid wastes. Plastic waste is one of

the big problems in day-to-day life. Plastic use and its disposal cause environmental pollution

and undesirable effects on health. Quantity of solid waste is increasing daily due to social,

economic and technical change. The waste generation is large in high-income groups followed

by middle and low-income groups.

Table 4.33: Physical composition of solid waste generated in Jalgaon city

Sr.

No.

Physical Composition Income Groups (%)

LIG MIG HIG

1. Compostable 45 72.2 68

2. Paper 4.5 4.25 5.5

3. Plastic 3.5 2.9 3.6

4. Glass 0.9 0 9

5. Metal 0.5 0 0.5

6. Rag 5.4 0.13 1.7

7. Earthen matter 40 20.3 11.4

8. Leather 0.2 0.22 0.3

___________________________

_____________________


Figure 4.27: Physical c

Figure 4.28: Physical co

Figure 4.29: Physical co

6%

1%

6%

______________________________________________________

___________________________________________

sical composition of solid waste generated by lower inco

Jalgaon city

ical composition of solid waste generated by middle inc

Jalgaon city

composition of solid waste generated by higher inc

Jalgaon city

75%

8%

6%

1%

1%

9%

Lower Income Group

Compostabl

Paper

Plastic

Glass

Metal

Rag

91%

5%4%

0% 0% 0%Middle Income Group

Compostab

Paper

Plastic

Glass

Metal

Rag

77%

6%

4%

10%

1% 2%

Higher Income Group

Compostab

Paper

Plastic

Glass

Metal

Rag


____________________

______________4-33

er income group of

le income group of

er income group of

ostable

postable

postable


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-34


The Municipal area of Jalgaon city has been sub-divided into sixteen health units for collection

purpose. Waste generation accounts for about 226 tons per day, the average per capita wastes

generation are 0.491 kg/day and the collection is 100 %. JCMC currently provides door-to-door

collection system only for some parts of the city.

Jalgaon Municipal Corporation has appointed Ms. Hanjer Bio-Tech Energies Pvt. Ltd. for the

processing and disposal of solid waste. The Solid Waste generated in the city shall be managed

and handled in accordance with the compliance criteria and procedure laid down in the

Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules 2000.

The waste processing and disposal plant is being setup at Avhane Shivar Gat No. 864 on BOOT

basis by Ms. Hanjer Biotech Energies Pvt. Ltd.

Its total area is about 6.5 hectares in which area under construction is 3 hectares along with area

proposed for land-filling is 3.5 hectares which is divided into 3 sites. The plant would be

working in two phases. Accordingly, in phase I (capacity 150 tons / day) segregation of solid

waste material such as digestable, undigestable, recyclables, non-recyclables, compostable, non-

compostable, inert, etc. would be carried out, whereas on the other hand, in phase II (capacity

150 tones / day) composting, land-filling, etc. would be done. The total electricity requirement

estimated to be about 350 KV.

Unsegregated solid waste will be deposited on the tipping floor, the material will be transferred

to the segregation section where the wet waste, dry waste, recyclable waste and inert waste will

be segregated.

Segregating of MSW will be done into the following:

a. Wet organic materials – Composting

b. Dry organic material – Fuel brick

c. Recyclables – Plastic items

d. Construction wastes – Paving blocks

e. Scrap materials – Recycling

f. Inert & other building materials – Landfill

Wet waste will be transferred to the windrow platform where the process of composting will be

done with the help of bio-culture. Recyclable material will be transferred to the recycle plant and

inert material along with debris will be transferred to the landfill.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-35


Figure 4.30 : Showing site of Hanjer Pvt. Ltd. under construction for solid waste

management

Figure 4.31 : Showing proposed land-filling sites of Hanjer Pvt. Ltd. for solid waste

management

4.6: BIO-MEDICAL WASTE

“The waste obtained from dispensary and hospitals is known as bio-medical waste”.

The indiscriminate disposal of bio-medical waste poses a great risk to human health and the

environment. The exposure of highly infectious waste like living or non-living pathogens,

human body parts, solid cotton, dressing linen, laboratory culture stocks, waste of experimental

animals used in research, wastes generated by veterinary hospitals, colleges, animal houses and

live stock could cause serious diseases. The bio-medical waste should not be stored at any place

for more than three days. The use of different colour containers for collecting different types of

waste and vehicle used for the transportation of waste should be completely covered, regularly

cleaned and disinfected.

Hospitals, clinics and other institutions where bio-medical waste are leading to environmental

and health hazards should adhere to clean-cut guidelines on waste disposal methods, such as

proper disinfection, treatment and disposal of biomedical wastes from hospitals, clinics, research

institutes, laboratory and slaughter houses. This is under the consideration of Ministry of


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-36


Environment and Forest in India. The rules, known as Bio-medical Waste (Management and

Handling) Rules, 1995 make it essential for the organization to prepare biannual report, keep

regular reports and make annual returns in order to track these wastes. It is mandatory for all

institutions to segregate the wastes at the place of its generation. The draft rules also direct a ban

on import and export of bio-medical wastes.

Schedule I of the draft rules provides the different categories of bio-medical wastes, which

include the following :-

i. Human anatomical wastes (human tissue, organs).

ii. Blood and body fluids.

iii. Animal wastes.

iv. Microbiological wastes.

v. High infectious wastes.

vi. Discarded medicines.

vii. Discarded glass- wares.

viii. Disposables.

ix. Waste sharps such as needles, syringes, scalpels, blades, etc.

x. Liquid wastes.

xi. Slaughter house wastes.

xii. Incineration wastes (ash from incineration of any bio-medical wastes).

xiii. Biotechnological wastes. (Genetically engineered organisms or products and their

culture).

JCMC has given contract for treatment and disposal of bio-medical waste to Mansai Bio-

medical waste treatment facility.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-37


Figure 4.32: (a) Mansai Biomedical Waste Enterprises Pvt. Ltd. Jalgaon and (b) Closed

vehicles for collection of BMW

(a) (b)

Figure 4.33: Incinerator (capacity 70 kg/ hr with temperature of 1st chamber 800 + 50

0C

and 2nd chamber 1050 + 50

0C)

Figure 4.34: (a) Vertical autoclave machine and (b) Shredder machine

(a) (b)


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-38


Figure 4.35: (a) Effluent Treatment Plant and Ash dumping site of Mansai BMW

(a) (b)

Table 4.34: Status of Biomedical waste of Jalgaon city

Sr.

No.

Months No. of

member

joint

during

current

year

Total no.

of

members

till end

of

current

month

Number of

members

sending

BMW

during

month

Quantity of BMW received and disposed

during this month in kg

Total

quantity of

BMW

recd. &

disposed

till end of

current

month

Incinerator

Autoclave

Shredder

1. Jan-08 02 294 203 5575.500 1010.100 268.985 6854.585

2. Feb -08 05 299 200 5435.910 898.250 257.055 6591.215

3. Mar -08 01 300 207 6423.560 1107.650 305.770 7836.980

4. Apr-08 02 302 217 5124.270 1218.690 391.549 6734.509

5. May-08 00 302 213 6652.850 1398.850 463.075 8514.775

6. June-08 07 309 209 5166.640 1593.150 520.890 7280.680

7. July-08 13 322 212 4793.300 1501.500 493.376 6788.176

8. Aug-08 01 323 210 5000.250 1526.360 522.726 7049.336

9. Sep-08 01 324 211 4737.400 1316.770 440.062 6494.232

10. Oct-08 01 325 203 4869.840 1227.320 394.870 6492.030

11. Nov-08 05 330 217 4945.141 1197.400 367.226 6509.767

12. Dec-08 02 332 222 5330.120 1254.270 382.262 6966.652

13. Jan-09 04 336 224 5512.100 1525.570 452.660 7490.330

14. Feb-09 02 338 221 4620.400 1469.100 396.538 6486.380

15. 18-3-09 37 375 223 3342.300 871.402 217.820 4431.522 Source: Mansai BMW Enterprises Pvt. Ltd.

4.7: ESTIMATION OF ENVIRONMENT QUALITY INDEX

The importance assigned to varies parameters selected for computing EQI and scale used for

assessing the present status is presented in table 4.35. PEQ for individual parameters have been

computed based on data collected for ESR. It has been found that present EQI in JCMC area is

36.96%


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-39


Table 4.35: Assessment of Environmental Quality Index for parameters selected for

computing EQI

Parameter Parameter

Importance

Unit

Environmental

Quality Index

Value

A Ambient Air Quality 15 -

1 Air Quality Index- Residential Area (RSPM) 10 5.2

2 Air Quality Index- Traffic Junctions (RSPM) 05 2.2

B Ambient Noise Levels 15

1 Noise Level : Residential Area 10 3.80

2 Noise Level : Traffic Junctions 05 0.80

C Ambient (Surface/ Ground) Water Quality 20

1 Surface ( Drains) Water Quality, BOD mg/l 05 0.80

2 Ground (Well) Water Quality, BOD mg/l 05 2.0

3 Efficiency of Sewage Treatment Plants 10 Nil

D Solid Waste Management 15

1 Solid Waste Collected 03 1.8

2 Solid Waste Segregation at Household Level 02 1.4

3 Solid Waste Segregation at Disposal Site 02 0.80

4 Solid Waste Recycle at Household Level 02 0.3

5 Solid Waste Recycle at Disposal Site 02 0.36

6 Biomedical Waste Collected 02 1.1

7 Road or Public Places Cleanliness 02 1.2

Environment Conservation : Heritage Conservation 10 5.0

E Public Health 25

1 Drinking Water Quality 10 5.5

2 Number of Cases of Water-borne Diseases 05 1.0

3 Number of Cases of Malaria in nod 05 0.5

4 Cases of Meningitis 03 2

5 Control of Street Dogs 02 1.2

Total 100 36.96

Table 4.36: Estimation of Environmental Quality Index

Parameters Maximum 2007-08 2008-09 Remarks

1 Air Quality Index-

Residential Area (RSPM)

10 5.0 5.0

2 Air Quality Index – Traffic

junctions (RSPM)

05 2.3 2.7 Widening of road. Signaling system

improvement. Measures for more

use of LPG in vehicles engine.

There is 100% incresease in

vehicular traffic in JCMC area.

1 Noise level : Residential

Area

10 3.8 3.9 Effect of Signaling system installed

by JCMC. Penalty to be imposed on

unnecessary honking by motorists.

Car parking on to be prohibited.

2 Noise level : Traffic

Junctions

05 0.7 1.0 Effect of Signaling system installed

by JCMC. Penalty to be imposed on

unnecessary honking by motorists.

Car parking on to be prohibited.

1 Surface (Drains) Water

Quality, BOD mg/l

03 0.5 0.6 Need for improving hydraulic of the

surface drains with regards to

holding ponds in Nallas and streams

i.e. causing pollution in JCMC area.

2 Ground (Well) Water

Quality , BOD mg/l

03 1.5 1.5 Need for regular desilting and

disinfection of wells


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-40


3 Efficiency of Sewage

Treatment plants

06 0.8 0.8 Proposed STP and drainage

schemes for sanction

1 Solid Waste Collected 1.6 1.9 Decentralized collection.

Privatization

2 Solid Waste Segregation at

Household Level

1.0 1.2 Door to door collection,

Ghantagadi

3 Solid Waste Segregation at

Disposal Site

0.20 0.6 Trenching ground work at Hanjer,

Nimkhedi in progress

4 Solid Waste Recycle at

Household Level

0.10 0.2 Awareness among citizens with help

of NGO for vermicomposting and

biogas

5 Solid Waste Recycle at

Disposal Site

0.18 0.16 Landfill site work at Nimkhedi in

progress

6 Biomedical Waste Collected 1.2 1.2

7 Road or Public Places

Cleanliness

0.8 1.0 Construction of new road and

surfacing of old roads

Heritage Conservation 2.0 2.0

Public Health

Drinking Water Quality 6.2 6.5 Improvement in water treatment at

Waghur water works

Water-borne Diseases 1.0 1.4

Number of Cases of malaria 0.5 0.6

Cases of TB 2.0 2.0

Control of Street Dogs 0.5 0.9 Vaccination of street dogs

4.8: ESTIMATION OF URBAN INFRASTRUCTURE INDEX (UII):

In the case of urban infrastructure, mere numbers may be misleading (eg. Average per capita

water supply may be satisfactory but due to uneven distribution satisfaction level may be low).

Hence, for computing UII subjective assessment has been found out that present UII in JCMC

area is 32.33%.

Table 4.37: Estimation of Urban Infrastructure for JCMC area

Sr.

No.

Infrastructure Facility /

Amenity/ Service

Score 2006-

07

Score 2007 –

08

Remarks

1. Drinking Water Supply 0.6 0.6 Uniform alternate day supply and

propose parallel water supply.

2. Sewerage and Storm water

Drainage

0.3 0.3 No major change.

3. Public Toilets 0.2 0.3 JCMC is providing maximum

possible toilet in slum areas.

Construction of new public toilet

with the help of NGO’s.

4. Solid Waste Collection and

Transportation

0.3 0.35 Solid waste collection is designed

& operated but is not that efficient.

Solid waste collection is regularly

done everyday but of certain areas.

5. Health Services 0.3 0.3 Adequate health facilities exist.

There is large scope.

6. Public Transport 0.2 0.25 The road transport facility needs to

be augmented. JCMC road

transport is in progress.

7. Road Network and Footpaths 0.3 0.4 Plantation along road site is poor.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________4-41


There is lot of scope for

improvement of footpaths.

Potholes have been removed to

large extent. Development of new

road under various schemes.

8. Education Facilities 0.4 0.45 JCMC has good education

facilities. There is large scope.

Construction of school buildings

under Sarva Siksha Abhiyan.

9. Parks / Gardens and Tree

Plantation

0.35 0.35 While the green spaces are

adeaquate, their ample scope for

improvement in quality.

Introduction of comprehensive O

and M system including security.

10. Entertainment 0.4 0.4 Existing facilities need to be

augemented to cater to the need of

JCMC area. There is a large scope.

11. Public Library 0.2 0.2 Public library needs development.

More public libraries required .

12. Play Grounds 0.2 0.25 Play grounds provided in each zone

in planning. These ground need

development. Construction of a

new stadium and sports complex in

JCMC area.

13. Fire Fighting 0.3 0.35 Fire fighting is meeting needs of

JCMC area and it needs to be

modernized for multi-storyed

buildings.

14. Slum Developments 0.3 0.35 JCMC provides water supply,

drains, roads, street lights, PUC in

slum areas.

Total 4.35 4.85

Urban Infrastructure Index for JCMC area = (4.85 / 15)*100 = 32.33%

4.9: ESTIMATION OF QUALITY OF LIFE INDEX

Quality of Life Index (QOL) = ½ *(Environmental Quality Index + Urban Infrastructure Index )

= ½ *(36.96 + 32.33)

= 34.64%

Quality of environment and availability of infrastructure facilities together decide quality of life.

As the impact of these considerations is synergistic, equal importance needs to be given to both.

Hence, QOL index for JCMC area has been worked out as 34.64%. With implementation of

recommended actions in ESR QOL index is expected to improve by 10-15%.

***********

Chapter 5: Health Effects

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-1


5. Health Effects

5.1: BACKGROUND

Environmental health comprises those aspects of human health including quality of life that are

determined by physical, biological, social and psychological factors in the environment. The

relationship between the environment and its impact on human health is highly complex. Each

of the effects is associated with a variety of aspects of economic and social development.

Moreover, there is no single best way of organizing and viewing the development-environment-

health relationship that reveals all important interactions and possible entry points for public

health interventions. Human beings are exposed to a variety of chemicals including industrial

chemicals, pesticides, air pollutants, natural and manmade toxicants, etc. in the environment

through the skin, respiratory system and gastrointestinal tract that can affect vital body systems

such as pulmonary, reproductive and nervous and immune system. Dysfunction of these systems

could have far-reaching consequences, which affect individuals and even their progeny from

serious health ailments. To investigate possible effects of environmental pollutants on human

health it is of prime importance that accurate exposure assessment techniques and validated

biomarkers are available. It is, therefore, essential to have full fledged and accurate

Environmental Health Impact Assessment procedures in place, undertake application-oriented

research such as occupational and environmental cohort studies to define single or mixture of

pollutants and their impacts on health. This would help the implementing agencies to revise the

environmental and industry specific actions. It is also very important to have collaborative

approach among the industries and various technical/research centers together with the

implementing agencies of the pollution control so as to deal with the Environment and Health

issues properly.

Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) constituted a Committee on Environment and

Health in July, 1999 and the report was submitted in May, 2000. The report of the “Committee

on Environment and Health” has brought out issues requiring attention of various stakeholders.

The “Conference on Environmental Health” organized by Ministry of Environment and Forests

in November, 2002 has brought out thrust areas and action points that need to be implemented

for protection of public health.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-2


5.2: THE PROBLEM

The environment in which we live greatly influences our health. The household, workplace,

outdoor and indoor environments may pose risks to health in a number of different ways. The

poor quality of air which we may breathe, the contaminated water we may drink and the

surroundings in which we live, determine our quality of life. While the genetic factors may also

be responsible for causing diseases but the environmental factors play much more active role in

contracting various diseases.

5.2.1: Air pollution: The main sources of air pollution are from vehicles and industries and to

some extent from domestic sources. Urban air pollution is largely and increasingly the result of

the combustion of fossil fuels for transport, power generation and other human activities.

Combustion processes produce a complex mixture of pollutants that comprises emissions, such

as diesel soot particles and lead, and the products of atmospheric transformation, such as ozone

and sulfate particles formed from the burning of sulfur-containing fuel. Air pollution from

combustion sources is associated with a broad spectrum of acute and chronic health effects.

Particulate air pollution may cause the most serious effects on lungs, including lung cancer and

other cardiopulmonary mortality. Other constituents, such as lead and ozone, are also associated

with serious health effects, and contribute to the burden of disease attributable to urban air

pollution. Air Polluting industries include: thermal power plants, iron and steel plants, smelters,

foundries, stone crushers, cement, refineries, lime kilns chemicals & petro-chemical plants etc.

Burning of low-grade fuel in urban areas for various purposes is one of the causes of air

pollution. In addition, tyre, rubber, plastic, garbage etc. are also burnt. Such combustion emits

toxic pollutants including dioxins and furans, which are quite harmful to the human beings.

Children are more susceptible in contracting diseases due to exposure to air pollutants and

hazardous chemicals, ingesting contaminated water, food and soil. These problems are

magnified due to lack of access to safe drinking water and sanitation, haphazard disposal of

hazardous and bio-medical wastes.

Growing number of diseases in children have been linked to environmental exposures. These

diseases range from traditional water borne, food borne and vector borne ailments and acute

respiratory infections to asthma, cancer, arsenicosis, fluorosis, certain birth defects and

developmental disabilities. Children from the foetal stage through adolescence are in a dynamic

stage of growth as their immature nervous, respiratory, reproductive and immune system


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-3


develop. They are more vulnerable to permanent and irreversible damage from toxicants than

adults.

5.2.3: Indoor air pollution: Cooking and heating with solid fuels such as dung, wood,

agricultural residues or coal are the largest source of indoor air pollution. When used in simple

cooking stoves, these fuels emit substantial amounts of pollutants, including irrespirable

particles, carbon monoxide, nitrogen and sulphur oxides. Studies have shown reasonably

consistent and strong relationships between the indoor use of solid fuel and a number of

diseases. The poor people in the developing nations use unprocessed fuels in their houses. It has

been estimated that more than half of the world’s house-holds cook their food on the

unprocessed solid fuels that typically release about 50 times more noxious pollutants than gas.

The stoves or chullah used as cooking stove are not energy efficient. The fuels are not burned

completely. The product of incomplete combustion of biomass includes carbon monoxide,

hydrocarbons, suspended particulate matter and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), etc.

Indoor air pollution may manifest respiratory ailments such as cough, dysponea and abnormal

lung function, if proper ventilation does not exist and the duration of exposure is quite

significant. The presence of mutagens in organic residues of smoke particles also aggravates the

respiratory ailments. The women and children, particularly those of the rural sector using

agricultural residues as cooking fuel are the most vulnerable groups and may get affected by the

indoor air pollution.

5.2.3: Water pollution: It is estimated that 75 to 80% of water pollution by volume is caused by

domestic sewage. The remaining is industrial wastewater, which could be more toxic. The major

industries causing water pollution include: distilleries, sugar, textile, electroplating, pesticides,

pharmaceuticals, pulp & paper mills, tanneries, dyes and dye intermediates, petro-chemicals,

steel plants, etc. Nonpoint pollution sources such as fertilizer and pesticide run-offs in rural

areas from the agricultural fields are also emerging as a major cause of concern.

Only 60% of chemical fertilizers is utilized in soils and the balance is leached into soil polluting

ground water. Excess phosphate run-off leads to eutrophication in lakes and water bodies.

Adverse health outcomes are associated with ingestion of contaminated water, lack of access to

sanitation, contact with unsafe water, and inadequate management of water resources and

systems including in agriculture. Infectious diarrhoea makes the largest single contribution to

the burden of disease associated with unsafe water, sanitation and hygiene. Besides, the water

borne diseases like cholera, jaundice and other gastrointestinal tract infections are quite


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-4


significant amongst the population. Certain diseases have also been encountered amongst the

affected persons coming in contact with toxic effluent discharged in the water bodies by highly

polluting industries.

5.2.4: Ground water pollution: Due to improper drainage and lack of proper disposal facilities,

industries and local bodies use large areas of land as mode of disposal of wastewater. Small-

scale industries located in clusters or industrial estates, not having proper disposal facilities are

also causing ground water pollution due to discharge of industrial effluent on land. Several

incidents of ground water contamination due to industrial clusters are reported specially due to

electroplating units, tanneries, dyeing and printing units, etc. Heavy metals and other toxic

compounds present in the effluent may pose considerable health risks amongst the population

using such contaminated water.

5.2.5: Noise Pollution: Increase in vehicular traffic and commercial activities are major cause

of noise pollution in urban areas. Use of loud speakers, diesel generator sets, high pitched music

systems, bursting crackers, etc are adding to noise levels in cities. It has been reported that

people living in noisy areas have been found with impairment in their hearing system.

5.3: SANITATION AND HYGIENE

World Health Organization (WHO) defines sanitation as group of methods to collect human

excreta and urine as well as community wastewaters in a hygienic way, where human and

community health is not altered. Sanitation methods aim to decrease spreading of diseases by

adequate wastewater, excreta and other waste treatment, proper handling of water and food and

by restricting the occurrence of causes of diseases. Sanitation is a system to increase and

maintain healthy life and environment. Its purpose is also to assure people enough clean water

for washing and drinking purposes. Typically health and hygiene education is connected to

sanitation in order to make people recognize where health problems originate and how to better

sanitation by their own actions. Essential part of sanitation is building and maintenance

education on sewerage systems, wash up and toilet facilities.

Following methods are considered as developed sanitation services -

• public sewer

• septic tank

• pour-flush latrine

• pit latrine with slab


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-5


• ventilated improved pit

• ecological sanitation

Following sanitation methods are considered as undeveloped -

• service or bucket latrines (where excreta are manually removed)

• public latrines

• open latrines

• excretion to environment

5.3.1: Infectious diseases: Resources of safe drinking water will decrease in the future due to

factors like intense population growth, urbanization and possibly also from climate change.

Strong migration to cities will increase the amounts of human excreta and other waste to a level

where it is hard to handle. If no improvements take place in the resources these wastes end up

untreated to the environment and water bodies. Especially in the rural areas people lack

knowledge on sanitation solutions and waste treatment as well as resources to solve these

problems.

Figure 5.2: Additional transmission

pathways due to poorly-managed

sanitation

Sanitation and human health are closely connected to each other. Inadequate treatment or

disposal of human excreta and other waste can lead to transmitting and spreading of diseases

originating from excreta. Polluted water and inadequate sanitation cause 5.7 percent of all

epidemics. Especially children are susceptible to diseases. Therefore, it is very important to

safeguard adequate sanitation and hygiene education to reduce the amounts of infections and

access of causes of diseases to water.

Figure 5.1: Disease transmission and

control


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-6


5.3.2: Fan-out of diseases: Pathogens transmit through several different routes. The cause is

often inadequate sanitation and hygiene. Pathogens can transmit by -

• direct contact to human excreta

• contaminated drinking water

• through vegetables, shellfish or other food products exposed to contaminated water or

soil

• by accidental ingestion of contaminated water e.g. during swimming

• inhalation of contaminated dust and aerosols from wastewater irrigation, scums,

showers or by other means

• through water-borne pathogens

• contact with animals acting as hosts for parasites and pathogenic bacteria

• through contact with infected individuals

Figure 5.3: Environmental transmission of pathogens through several different routes

The main organisms posing threat to human health are pathogenic bacteria, viruses, parasitic

protozoa and helminthes that can be found in large numbers from excreta of infected

individuals. Usually only a small amount of infectious agents and doses is enough for infection.

Therefore, direct and indirect excreta load to water bodies is a significant factor in increasing the

risk of infection. The direct and indirect load is caused by -

• direct load from human excreta

• large quantities of water from centralized water treatment plants

• grey water


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-7


• storm water

• impact of sludge and manure run-off from cultivated land

• impact of animals’ and birds’ excreta

Effects of direct load from human excreta depend mainly on the soil type and quality and

location of water sources (groundwater, surface water) in respect to the source of load (e.g.

toilet). Transmission of the load varies in different soil types. Pathogens also have their

characteristics in terms of mobility and life span due to different soils. Transport of pathogens

usually necessitates liquid. Therefore movement of liquid in the soil is crucial on mobility of

pathogens. In order to prevent spread of pathogens special attention needs to be given in

isolation of pathogens from surface and groundwater.

Figure 5.4: The Hygiene Improvement Framework


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-8


5.4: HEALTH CARE FACILITY IN JCMC AREA

The development of city and increased population has demanded equally vibrant and effective

health care facilities which JCMC has been trying to avail for its people. Number of private

hospitals registered with JCMC and welfare centers has increased.

Table 5.1: Health facility under JCMC

Sr.

No.

Facility Numbers

1. Government hospitals 7

2. Dispensaries 4

3. Public health care centers 6

4. Private hospitals 203

5. Pathological labs 15

6. TB labs 4

7. X-ray machines 30

8. Sonography centers 17

9. Blood banks 4

10. Eye banks 2

11. Operation theatres 133

12. • Number of beds in private hospitals

• Number of beds in government hospitals

• Number of beds in Municipal council hospitals

• Total number of beds hospitals

1243

600

294

2137

Source: Sant Gadage Maharaj Total Mhaeti 2008-09

5.4.1: Infant mortality rate: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is defined as the number of deaths in

the first year of a child’s life, per 1000 live births, in a given year. Thus, IMR reflects the

probability of a child dying before reaching age one. In India, Orissa shows highest female

infant mortality rate. Infant deaths reported by Jalgaon district for 2003 – 2004 are only 3.6%

and 11.9% respectively, which is very minimum.

5.4.2: Maternal mortality rate: Maternal mortality rate is defined as the number of women

dying from pregnancy-related causes during childbirth and within 40 days of delivery and is


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-9


calculated on the basis of every 100.000 live births. According to the Sample Registration

System, India’s maternal mortality rate in1998 was 407 deaths per 100,000 live births.

Table 5.2: Death rate percentage per 1000 of following categories

Sr. No. Category Percentage / 1000

1. Mother 0.29 (JCMC)

2. Child - i) infants 34.63 (District)

ii) infants (28 days to 1 year)

45.29 (District)

iii) infants (1 year to 5 year) 11.2 (District)

Source: JCMC’s Shahu Maharaj Hospital

5.4.3: Communicable Diseases: Illness caused by micro – organism and transmitted from an

infected person or animal to another person or animal. Some diseases are passed on by direct or

indirect contact with infected person or with their excretions. Most diseases are spread through

contact or close proximity because the causative bacteria or viruses are airborne; i.e. they can be

expelled from the nose and mouth of the infected person and inhaled by anyone in the vicinity.

Such diseases include diphtheria, scarlet fever, measles, mumps, whooping cough, influenza and

small pox. The infectious agents are called pathogens, and are spread by air, water, food, body

fluids, some insects (such as mosquitoes, flies and ticks), animals (such as rodents and monkeys)

and other non-human carriers called vectors. Depending on mode of transmission,

communicable diseases are categories into water borne and air borne diseases.

5.4.3.1: Water-borne diseases: Diseases acquired by drinking water contaminated at its source

or in the distribution system, or by direct contact with environmental and recreational waters.

Water-borne diseases results from infection with pathogenic microbes or chemical poisoning.

5.4.3.2: Air-borne diseases: Diseases of respiratory tract are transmitted through air. Pathogens

may be inhaled by person through nose due to physical movement or air current e.g. some skin

diseases.

5.4.4.: Skin diseases: Skin diseases are primarily due to fungal growth, which is favored in the

moist and polluted environment.

5.4.5: Diseases transmitted through mosquitoes: Malaria is also a type of communicable

disease which uses female mosquito as vector. Unprecedented population growth, mostly in

developing tropical countries has resulted in enormous urban sprawl and unsanitary housing,


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-10


water, sewage and waste systems. The results have been more mosquitoes living closer to more

people.

The principal vector of Dengue is Aedes aegypt. Once infected, a mosquito remains infective for

life. The viruses are transmitted via the bite of various day – feeding mosquitoes of the subgenus

Stegomyia. Infected human circulate the virus in their blood, mosquitoes ingest these viruses

when feeding on the infective individual. Humans serve as an amplifying host, though some

monkeys may also serve as a source of virus.

Infants and youths often experience an undifferentiated febrile disease with rash. Older children

and adults may have a mild febrile syndrome but more typically experiences high fever, severe

headache, pain behind the eyes, muscles and joint pains and rash.

Typically a person will develop dengue fever as a result of initial exposure to one serotype.

Upon recovery, a patient develops immunity to this single serotype. Upon second infection with

a different serotype, the patient stands a greater of developing dengue haemorrhagic fever

(DHF), a more serious and potentially fatal disease.

Table 5.3: Vaccination programme under JCMC

Sr.

No.

Type of

vaccination

Number of

vaccines given

Percentage

1. D.P.T. 6973 83 %

2. Polio 6973 83 %

3. Measles 5860 69 %

4. B.C.G. 10358 123 %

5. T.T. 5078 50 %

6. Others 6958 60 %



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-11


Following series of tables furnishes the data on various communicable and identified non-

communicable diseases occurred in Jalgaon city from April – 2008 to March – 2009.

Table 5.4: April 2008

Sr.No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive

Deaths Attacks (passive) Attacks ( Passive)

OPD IPD Total OPD IPD Total

1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

2. Gastro Enteritis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 61 00 61 00 61 00 61 00

F 73 00 73 00 73 00 73 00

4. Diarrhoea M 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00

F 10 00 10 00 10 00 10 00

5. Viral Hepatitis -

A

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


B

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

7. Viral Hepatitis –

C,D,E

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

8. Enteric Fever M 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00

F 12 00 12 00 12 00 12 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 19 00 19 00 19 00 19 00

F 09 00 09 00 09 00 09 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 177 00 177 00 177 00 177 00

F 198 00 198 00 198 00 198 00

19. Influenza M 178 00 178 00 178 00 178 00

F 140 00 140 00 140 00 140 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-12


25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

37. Fluorisis Dental M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 188 00 188 00 188 00 188 00

F 201 00 201 00 201 00 201 00


Table 5.5: May 2008

Sr.No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive

Attacks (passive) Attacks ( Passive) Deaths

OPD IPD Total OPD IPD Total

1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 34 00 34 00 95 00 95 00

F 63 00 63 00 136 00 136 00

4. Diarrhoea M 08 00 08 00 20 00 20 00

F 07 00 07 00 17 00 17 00


A

M 01 00 01 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


B

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

7. Viral Hepatitis – M 02 00 02 00 02 00 02 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-13


C,D,E F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

8. Enteric Fever M 14 00 14 00 12 00 26 00

F 17 00 17 00 12 00 29 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus

( Other)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 17 00 17 00 36 00 36 00

F 12 00 12 00 21 00 21 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 64 00 64 00 177 00 243 00

F 48 00 48 00 198 00 246 00

19. Influenza M 51 00 51 00 178 00 229 00

F 56 00 56 00 140 00 196 00

20. Chicken pox M 01 00 01 00 00 00 02 00

F 02 00 02 00 00 00 07 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-14


32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 00 00 00 00 0 0 188 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 201 00


Table 5.6: June 2008

Sr.No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive

Attacks (passive) Attacks ( Passive)

Deaths OPD IPD Total OPD IPD Total

1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 105 00 00 00 166 00 00 00

F 109 00 00 00 182 00 00 00

4. Diarrhoea M 41 00 00 00 53 00 00 00

F 29 00 00 00 39 00 00 00


A

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


B

M 02 00 00 00 02 00 00 00

F 02 00 0 00 02 00 00 00


C,D,E

M 01 00 00 00 03 00 00 00

F 26 00 00 00 26 00 00 00

8. Enteric Fever M 15 00 00 00 41 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 29 00 00 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-15


12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 21 00 00 00 57 00 00 00

F 13 00 00 00 34 00 00 00

17. Pneumonia M 217 00 00 00 217 00 00 00

F 238 00 00 00 238 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 162 00 00 00 405 00 00 00

F 218 00 00 00 464 00 00 00

19. Influenza M 00 00 00 00 229 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 196 00 00 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

M 199 00 00 00 199 00 00 00

F 213 00 00 00 213 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-16


including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases Source: JCMC’s Shahu Maharaj Hospital

Table 5.7: July - 2008

Sr.No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 126 00 126 00 200 00 326 00

F 206 00 206 00 245 00 451 00

4. Diarrhoea M 68 00 68 00 61 00 129 00

F 56 00 56 00 46 00 102 00


A

M 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


B

M 03 00 03 00 02 00 05 00

F 01 00 01 00 02 00 03 00


C,D,E

M 00 00 00 00 04 00 04 00

F 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00

8. Enteric Fever M 27 00 27 00 52 00 79 00

F 17 00 17 00 44 00 61 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) 0 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 25 00 25 00 57 00 82 00

F 18 00 18 00 34 00 52 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 318 00 318 00 459 00 777 00

F 394 00 394 00 484 00 878 00

19. Influenza M 268 00 268 00 391 00 659 00

F 385 00 385

00 418 00 803 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 11 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-17


22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 200 00 200 00 200 00 200 00

F 205 00 205 00 205 00 205 00


Table 5.8: August – 2008

Sr.No. Disease Monthly Progressive


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-18


Sex Attacks (passive) Deaths Attacks ( Passive)


1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 84 00 84 00 410 00 410 00

F 85 00 85 00 536 00 536 00

4. Diarrhoea M 20 00 20 00 149 00 149 00

F 29 00 29 00 131 00 131 00


A

M 03 00 03 00 04 00 04 00

F 01 00 01 00 01 00 01 00


B

M 00 00 00 00 05 00 05 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00


C,D,E

M 01 00 01 00 05 00 05 00

F 02 00 02 00 03 00 03 00

8. Enteric Fever M 14 00 14 00 93 00 93 00

F 25 00 25 00 86 00 86 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 28 00 28 00 110 00 110 00

F 13 00 13 00 65 00 65 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 288 00 288 00 1063 00 1063 00

F 288 00 288 00 1164 00 1164 00

19. Influenza M 324 00 324 00 983 00 983 00

F 381 00 381 00 1180 00 1180 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00

F 00 00 00 00 11 00 11 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-19


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 208 00 208 00 795 00 795 00

F 208 00 208 00 857 00 857 00


Table 5.9: September - 2008

Sr.No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 24 00 24 00 00 00 534 00

F 44 00 44 00 00 00 580 00

4. Diarrhoea M 16 00 16 00 00 00 165 00

F 12 00 12 00 00 00 143 00


A

M 03 00 03 00 00 00 07 00

F 03 00 03 00 00 00 04 00


B

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 05 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00


C,D,E

M 02 00 02 00 00 00 07 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 03 00

8. Enteric Fever M 10 00 10 00 00 00 103 00

F 20 00 20 00 00 00 96 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-20


11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping Cough M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 00 00 01 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal Tetanus M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 25 00 25 00 00 00 137 00

F 05 00 05 00 00 00 75 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute Respiratory

Infections

M 279 00 279 00 00 00 1342 00

F 300 00 300 00 00 00 1464 00

19. Influenza M 322 00 322 00 00 00 1305 00

F 319 00 319 00 00 00 1499 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS (as reported

to NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral Encephalitis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis Skeletal M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other diseases

including

M 187 00 187 00 00 00 982 00

F 196 00 196 00 00 00 1053 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-21


Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned


Table 5.10: October - 2008

Sr. No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 26 00 26 00 560 00 560 00

F 29 00 29 00 609 00 609 00

4. Diarrhoea M 09 00

09 00 174 00 174 00

F 05 00 05 00 148 00 148 00

5. Viral Hepatitis - A M 00 00 00 00 07 00 07 00

F 01 00 01 00 05 00 05 00

6. Viral Hepatitis - B M 01 00 01 00 06 00 06 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00


C,D,E

M 00 00 00 00 07 00 07 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 03 00

8. Enteric Fever M 02 00 02 00 105 00 105 00

F 03 00 03 00 99 00 99 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping Cough M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 01 00 01 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal Tetanus M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 15 00 15 00 152 00 152 00

F 09 00 09 00 84 00 84 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute Respiratory

Infections

M 199 00 199 00 1541 00 1541 00

F 291 00 291 00 1755 00 1755 00

19. Influenza M 269 00 269 00 1574 00 1574 00

F 281 00 281 00 1780 00 1780 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

21. Meningococcal M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-22


meningitis F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS (as reported

to NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral Encephalitis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis Skeletal M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 200 00 200 00 1182 00 1182 00

F 215 00 215 00 1268 00 1268 00


November – 2008 data is not available

Table 5.11: December - 2008

Sr.No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-23


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 28 00 28 00 612 00 00 00

F 37 00 37 00 669 00 00 00

4. Diarrhoea M 22 00 22 00 213 00 00 00

F 11 00 11 00 175 00 00 00


A

M 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 00


B

M 02 00 02 00 08 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00


C,D,E

M 00 00 00 00 07 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00

8. Enteric Fever M 02 00 02 00 109 00 00 00

F 01 00 01 00 102 00 00 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 17 00 17 00 189 00 00 00

F 11 00 11 00 138 00 00 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 137 00 137 00 1839 00 00 00

F 178 00 178 00 2176 00 00 00

19. Influenza M 161 00 162 00 2032 00 00 00

F 150 00 150 00 2228 00 00 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 011 00 00 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-24


31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 153 00 153 00 1495 00 00 00

F 169 00 169 00 1585 00 00 00


Table 5.12: January - 2009

Sr. No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 29 00 29 00 641 00 00 00

F 42 00 42 00 711 00 00 00

4. Diarrhoea M 10 00 10 00 223 00 00 00

F 09 00 09 00 184 00 00 00


A

M 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 00


B

M 01 00 01 00 09 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00


C,D,E

M 01 00 01 00 08 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00

8. Enteric Fever M 01 00 01 00 110 00 00 00

F 01 00 01 00 103 00 00 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-25


12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 01 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus ( Other) M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 19 00 19 00 208 00 00 00

F 16 00 16 00 154 00 00 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 179 00 179 00 2018 00 00 00

F 228 00 228 00 2404 00 00 00

19. Influenza M 205 00 205 00 2237 00 00 00

F 244 00 244 00 2472 00 00 00

20. Chicken pox M 01 00 01 00 04 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

M 135 00 135 00 1630 00 00 00

F 150 00 150 00 1735 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-26


including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned


Table 5.13: February – 2009

Sr. No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 22 00 22 00 663 00 00 00

F 25 00 25 00 736 00 00 00

4. Diarrhoea M 19 00 19 00 242 00 00 00

F 19 00 19 00 203 00 00 00


A

M 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 06 00 00 00


B

M 00 00 00 00 09 00 00 00

F 01 01 00 00 04 00 00 00


C,D,E

M 00 00 00 00 08 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 03 00 00 00

8. Enteric Fever M 00 00 00 00 110 00 00 00

F 01 00 01 00 104 00 00 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus (

Other)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 13 00 13 00 221 00 00 00

F 10 00 10 00 164 00 00 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 181 00 181 00 2199 00 00 00

F 208 00 208 00 2612 00 00 00

19. Influenza M 169 00 169 00 2406 00 00 00

F 177 00 177 00 2649 00 00 00

20. Chicken pox M 00 00 00 00 04 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 11 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-27


21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 122 00 122 00 1752 00 00 00

F 118 00 118 00 1853 00 00 00


Tab le 5.14: March – 2009

Sr. No. Disease

Sex

Monthly

Deaths

Progressive



1. Cholera M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-28


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

3. Dysentery M 22 00 22 00 685 00 685 00

F 24 00 24 00 760 00 760 00

4. Diarrhoea M 14 00 14 00 256 00 256 00

F 22 00 22 00 225 00 225 00


A

M 00 00 00 00 09 00 09 00

F 00 00 00 00 61 00 61 00


B

M 01 00 01 00 10 00 10 00

F 00 00 00 00 04 00 04 00


C,D,E

M 00 00 00 00 04 00 04 00

F 00 00 00 00 08 00 08 00

8. Enteric Fever M 01 00 01 00 111 00 111 00

F 01 00 01 00 105 00 105 00

9. Guinea Worm M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

10. (AFP)

Poliomyelitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

11. Diphtheria M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

12. Whooping

Cough

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

13. Measles M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

14. Neonatal

Tetanus

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

15. Tetanus (

Other)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

16. Pulmonary

Tuberculosis

M 20 00 20 00 241 00 241 00

F 24 00 24 00 188 00 188 00

17. Pneumonia M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

18. Acute

Respiratory

Infections

M 177 00 177 00 2376 00 2376 00

F 195 00 195 00 2807 00 2807 00

19. Influenza M 189 00 189 00 2136 00 2136 00

F 219 00 219 00 2868 00 2868 00

20. Chicken pox M 02 00 02 00 06 00 06 00

F 02 00 02 00 13 00 13 00

21.

Meningococcal

meningitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

22. Plague M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

23. Leptospirosis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

24. Kala Azar M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

25. Yaws M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

26. Anthrax M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

27. Rabies M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

28. Dengue Fever M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

29. Haeorrhagic

Fever

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

30. Syphilis M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-29


31. Gonococcal

Infection

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

32. Other STD

Diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

33. AIDS

(as reported to

NACO)

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

34. Viral

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

35. Japanese

Encephalitis

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

36. Food Poisoning M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

38. Fluorisis

Skeletal

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

39. All other

diseases

including

Communicable

and non –

communicable

Diseases

excluding above

mentioned

diseases

M 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00

F 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 00


5.5: FUTURE STRATEGY AND ACTION PLAN

The key purpose of this Vision Statement on Environment and Human Health is to evolve a

strategy for health risk reduction. It also offers a comprehensive approach to the environmental

health management plans, which would be a systematic approach to estimate the burden of

disease and injury due to different environmental pollutants. The Rio Declaration on

Environment and Development states, inter alia, “Human beings are at the centre of concerns for

sustainable development, and that they are entitled to a healthy and productive life, in harmony

with nature. The goals of sustainable development can only be achieved in the absence of a high

prevalence of debilitating diseases, while obtaining health gains for the whole population

requires poverty eradication. There is an urgent need to address the causes of ill health,

including environmental causes, and their impact on development, with particular emphasis on

women and children, as well as vulnerable groups of society, such as people with disabilities,

elderly persons and indigenous people”. The World Summit on Sustainable Development at

Johannesburg, South Africa, 26 August- 4 September 2002 states, inter alia: “Integrate the

health concerns into strategies, policies and programmes for poverty eradication and sustainable

development, reduce respiratory diseases and other health impacts resulting from air pollution,


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________5-30


with particular attention to women and children, by strengthening regional and national

programmes including through public-private partnerships with technical and financial

assistance to developing countries, supporting the phasing out of lead in gasoline; strengthening

and supporting efforts for the reduction of emissions through the use of cleaner fuels and

modern pollution control techniques ….” International and national deliberations have made it

evident that environment-and-health concerns are rising higher on the broad environment and

development agenda and that public health issues are predominantly making a niche on the

environmental agenda and vice-versa. Environmental Health is an inter-disciplinary and inter-

agency subject and all the stakeholders are needed to be involved in the process. To make

environmental health a really potent force in the consorted approach towards health for all and

sustainable development in the 21st Century, the role of the MoEF in this transformation of

environmental health is significant. Therefore, all the future studies pertaining to environmental

health would accomplish the following broad tasks:

• To provide scientific information and data on the relationship between environmental

factors and health in the process of development.

• To develop health based criteria in preparation of national standards/legislations.

• To build partnership with national, international and non-governmental agencies etc.

• To promote the role of environmental health in the policy, planning and decision

making in the matter of environment and development.

Therefore, the activities and programmes are required to be taken up for the protection of the

public health due to environmental pollution.

************

Chapter 6: Development Planning

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-1


6. Development Planning

6.1: VISION OF JALGAON CITY

The vision for Jalgaon was drafted based on an understanding of the state of the city and

stakeholder consultations. Citizens and various stakeholders vocalized how they envisaged

Jalgaon to develop in the next 25 years. Also, officials’ perspectives on how they would like to

develop Jalgaon were taken into account. Accordingly, the mission statement was formulated.

6.1.1: Important Aspects

During individual discussions and the workshops, the stakeholders discussed and articulated

several factors that should be taken into consideration while formulating the vision. These

statements are listed below and have been used in drafting the vision statement.

• Industrial growth to be revived and sustained.

• Able, efficient and economically developed.

• Develop Jalgaon as a trade hub.

• Jalgaon as Agri-business.

• Multi-sector economic approach to ensure sustainability.

• Green Jalgaon: an environment-friendly city with excellent infrastructure.

• Efficient use of energy.

• Logistics hub of Maharashtra.

• A tourist transit hub.

• Good connectivity with the region.

• Education centre of the country.

• Best city of Maharashtra.

• Slum-free and pollution-free city.

6.1.2: Vision Statement

Based on the city’s strengths, futuristic aspirations, perspectives and potential of Jalgaon, the

following Vision Statements have been sketched and placed before the Joint Committee of

Jalgaon and the JCMC. A futuristic vision has to be adopted by the city for sustainable

development of the city.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-2


Jalgaon will be the future trade, industrial and logistics and transit tourist hub of Maharashtra

with best infrastructure. A planned and people friendly city, with safe environment, growing

economies, social equity and best infrastructure.

6.1.3: Mission Statement

The JCMC is the principal service provider of all municipal services. Through the involvement

of the private sector and delegated functioning, the JCMC intends manage services efficiently in

a cost-effective manner; JCMC would function as a coordinator and facilitator for provision of

services, which promote socio-economic development, but are not under its umbrella.

Under the UIDSSMT, the mission strategies of JCMC for each sector are:

• Provide all core municipal services.

• Prepare a comprehensive infrastructure plan for water, sewerage and storm water

drainage.

• Improve road network and beautify all major junctions.

• Ensure efficient and environment friendly solid waste management.

• Conserve city environment by developing gardens, conserving and protecting water

bodies, etc.

• Preserve city’s heritage value.

• Promote tourism through tourism development plans.

• Provide a clean, green and pollution-free environment.

6.1.4: Assessment of Physical Infrastructure

The assessment of physical infrastructure needs have been calculated based on the Development

Plan – 1991, future land use plus growth rate of last decades and projected population in the

planning origin of 2031. The design standard will be considering average density of 200

person/hectares can accommodate the projected population of 8, 55,821 in the origin of 2031.

The land requirements have been estimated based on the average density and projected

population of 4,30,903, 5,30,607, 6,93,214 & 8,55,821 during the origin of 2006, 2011, 2021 &

2031 respectively. The extended area of municipal limits of Jalgaon is divided into 7 sectors; in

proposed land use - 2011 the urbanizable area will be 44.92 sq.km plus the addition area

requirement for 2031 is 16. 26 sq.km. The total area is divided into three phases they are; 1). Old

municipal limits – 11.45 sq.km, 2). Extended limit (44.92-11.45) 33.47 sq.km and 3). Additional

urbanisable area is 16.26 sq.km.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-3


Table 6.1: Statement showing the proposed area requirement for 2011

Sr.

No.

Sector

No.

Area in

hectares

Proposed

Residential Area

in hectares

Population – 2011 that can

be accommodated 200

persons / hectares.

1. I. 788.37 240.29 48058

2. II. 993.45 772.20 15440

3. III. 547.41 482.15 96430

4. IV. 601.93 257.46 51492

5. V. 1441.69 341.01 68202

6. VI. 178.00 141.35 28270

7. VII. 1128.00 612.55 122510

Total 5678.85 2847.01 569402

Source: City Development Plan -UIDSSMT

The City Development plan is the Municipal Corporation’s strategy that sketches the vision for

the growth of the city and details how the Corporation along with stakeholders intends to

achieve its long-term vision. The City Development plan leads to the translation of goals and

objectives into actions and actions into outcomes.

6.1.5: Approach for Formulating the Vision

The approach to vision formulation was one of coordination of various sectors through

consultation with all stakeholders, at organizational and individual levels. This was achieved

through coordination meetings, focused discussions and workshops. The objective was to bring

all stakeholders on one platform and enable them to voice their opinions and come to a

consensus on issues, strategies and actions.

The stakeholders comprised officials of the JCMC and heads of various Departments; elected

representatives, the Corporators; officials from line agencies, NGOs, resident welfare

associations, industry and trade associations; advocates; architects, builders, chartered

accountants, academicians and citizens. The stakeholder consultations also involved

representatives of the Maharashtra Town & Country Planning department. In addition,

individual discussions were held with the MLAs of Jalgaon. Three workshops were held during

the period of 20 Dec 2006 to 31 Jan 2007.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-4


Development of a perspective vision for the city was based on the understanding of emerging

strengths and weaknesses across sectors.

Figure 6.1: An integrated vision towards the development of Jalgaon

The growth of Jalgaon City can be observed from its origin when it was defined by the Jalgaon

Gaothan and henceforth in four important stages: The first stage was the Master Plan of the

original municipal limit, which was prepared under the P.W.R. Scheme No. 139 in 1953. The

scope of this plan was limited to the Gaothan area and this plan had limited proposals. In the

second stage, the revised Development Plan was prepared in the year 1971 and came into force

with effect from 1975. In the third stage, the limits of the municipal council was further

extended in 1976 to 11.67 sq.km and hence the Development Plan of that extended area was

prepared in the year 1979 which was sanctioned and came into force with effect from 1983.

As per the Maharashtra Regional & Town Planning Act of 1966, every development plan was

to be revised once in 10 years. Post 1983 developments in the city took place so rapidly, that it

became necessary to revise the development plan of entire city. Accordingly, the Development

Plan was revised in 1987. It came into force with effect from 1993 an additional area of 56.78

sqkm. The JCMC monitors the development of the city according to the proposals of this

Development Plan.

6.2: DEVELOPMENT PLAN

The Development Plan of 1993 was prepared under the Maharashtra Regional and Town

Planning Act 1966. The main objectives of the Development Plan are:

� To plan for optimum utilization of land in the interest of the public;

� Check unplanned and haphazard development;


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-5


� Ease communication and transport networks by designing proper road systems;

� To make provisions for urban amenities and services to meet future requirements; and

� To preserve historic and natural heritage.

Map 6.1: Municipal limits and connectivity


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-6


6.2.1: Land use Analysis

Land use assessment helps us to understand the development patterns of the city and its future

growth directions. The Development Plan 1993 for Jalgaon was prepared for an existing

population of 1.5 lakhs, with population projections of 2.60 lakhs by 1996 and 4.0 lakhs by

2006. Approximately 11.67 Sq.km. (20.55%) of the extended limits was designated as

developable area as per the 1993 Development Plan. The new limits have developed

significantly with pockets of undeveloped land in the North and the South at Pimprala, Khedi,

Mohadi, etc. These pockets are also developing rapidly due to trade activities of the city and

establishment of the MIDC outside the old municipal limits.

Table 6.2: Existing land use analysis - old municipal limit - 1983

The Land use pattern in the old municipal limit indicates that about 14.14 percent of the area

was occupied by residential use, 1.63 percent of commercial use, 59.41 percent of industrial use,

7.26 percent of Public and semi public, 0.70 percent of public utility and 16.86 percent of

Transport and Communication uses respectively.

6.2.2: Urbanizable land – Proposed Land use - 2011

The Development Plan prepared in 1993 proposed an additional area of 56.79sqkm, out of

which 44.91 sq.km have been developed. The present municipal area of JCMC is 68.24sq.km

currently about 66percent of the Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation area is already developed.

Sr. No. Land Use Area in hectares Percentage



3. Industrial 693.27 59.41




– Road and Railway 196.75 16.86

7. Garden, Play Ground &

fairground etc. - -

Total 1166.95* 100.00



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-7


Map 6.2: Proposed land use as per the Development Plan


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-8


Table 6.3: Proposed Land Use analysis of additional area – 2011

Sr.

No.

Land Use

Proposed land Use – 2011

Area in

Hectares

% Developed

area

Proposed Land

use %

1. Residential 2847.12 63.38 50.13

2. Commercial 53.45 1.19 0.94

3. Industrial 799.00 17.26 14.06

4. Public Semi - Public 173.61 3.86 3.05

5. Public utility 34.36 0.76 0.60


i. Roads 444.49 9.91 7.82

ii. Railways 37.37 0.83 1.02

7. Park, open space &

Playgrounds 102.21 2.31 1.79

Total Developed area 4491.61 100.00

8. Water Bodies 100.62 - 1.77

9. Agriculture Land 1086.62 - 18.82

Total 5678.85* - 100.00


Figure 6.2: Showing proposed land use break-up

i. Roads

8%

ii. Railw ays

1%

Water Bodies

2%

Park, open space &

Playgrounds

2%

Public Semi Public

3%

Public utility

1%

Industrial

14%

Commercial

1%

Residential

49%

Agriculture Land

19%

Residential

Commercial

Industrial

Public Semi Public

Public utility

i. Roads

ii. Railw ays

Park, open space & Playgrounds

Water Bodies

Agriculture Land


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-9


About 50 percent of the additional area is proposed for residential purposes, a significant 14.06

percent of the area is proposed for industrial uses. Each of the land use categories is further

detailed below-

Residential: An area of 2847.12 hectares/ 28.47sq.km, about 51.13% has been reserved for

residential purposes, with an average density of 200 persons per hectare.

Commercial: An area of 53.45 hectares/ 0.53sq.km, about 0.94% has been proposed for

commercial purposes in the Development Plan, considering the existing MIDC industrial area

and inadequacy of commercial uses in the new municipal areas.

Industrial: Industrial activity mainly occurs in the MIDC area and Co-operative Industrial

Estate on the eastern side of Jalgaon. An area of 799 hectares/ 7.99sq.km, 14.06% has been

proposed for industrial uses considering an overall density of 45 workers per hectare.

Approximately 799 hectares of land has been allocated as industrial land including the Large

and Small Scale industries located within the old municipal limit and others located in the new

Municipal limit.

Public and Semi-public: An area of 173.61 hectares/ 1.74sq.km, about 3.05% has been

proposed for public purposes considering the land requirements of various Government/ Semi

Government agencies.

Public Utility: An area of 34.36 hectares/ 0.34sq.km, about 0.60% has been proposed for public

utilities and services considering the proposed treatment plant of 27 MLD & 50 MLD and

elevated storage reservoir for the Waghur Water Supply Scheme in its first and second stage.

Public and Semi-public: An area of 173.61 hectares/ 1.74sq.km, about 3.05% has been

proposed for public purposes considering the land requirements of various Government/ Semi

Government agencies.

Public Utility: An area of 34.36 hectares/ 0.34sq.km, about 0.60% has been proposed for public

utilities and services considering the proposed treatment plant of 27 MLD & 50 MLD and

elevated storage reservoir for the Waghur Water Supply Scheme in its first and second stage.

Transport and Communication: An area of 444.49 hectares/4.45 sq.km, about 7.82% has been

proposed for Roads and the Railways have covered 37.37/0.37 sq.km, about 1.02%. The

Development Plan has proposed to undertake improvements for the following:


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-10


• Junction near B-Ed College on NH-6;

• Junction near post-office on Shirsoli road;

• Junction near DSP Bungalow on Zillah Road and Mehrun tank road; and

• Junction of Swantraya Chowk.

In the Development Plan of extended area, a 30m wide road has been planned in the peripheral

area starting from NH-6 near Shiv Colony (Pimprala Shivar), Mehrun Regional Park, MIDC

area and Khedi Gaothan. The JCMC has requested the Dy. Director of Town planning, Pune, to

prepare plans for road junctions at the following sites:

Near S. T. Workshop on old National Highway;

• Crossing of NH No.6 & Ajanta road; and

• Junction at Shiv Colony National Highway No. 6;

A site for Truck Terminus has been proposed along the National Highway No.6 in Asoda

Shivar, which is near to MIDC & APMC and a site for S.T. Stand and Depot for MSRTC has

been proposed along the Mohadi and Shirsoli road in the south as required by MSRTC.

Park, open spaces, Playground and Greenbelts: Areas of 102.21 hectares/ 1.02 sq.km, about

1.79% plus 1086.62 hectares/ 10.87sq.km, about 18.82% have been proposed as Non-

Development Zones. These zones can accommodate schools, community halls and recreational

facilities and provisions for children’s park, playground etc.

The city lacks a designated zone for facilitation of logistics functions, including large-scale

warehousing and cargo delivery through rail and road modes.

6.2.3: ROADS AND PARKING

The present road network comprises of a running length of 441 km. This includes National and

State Highways within the city area and has a road density of 1.16 m per person. Types of roads

cover the whole spectrum from unsurfaced (WBM) to bitumen surfaced and cement concrete

category. The estimated length for the year 2031 is approximately an additional road length of

589.87/ 589.87 Km.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-11


Map 6.3: Existing and Proposed Road Network

a. Road sector specific studies

• Completion of roads proposed as per Development Plan 1991;

• Road widening in congested areas;

• Congested traffic intersections;

• Inadequate connectivity across railway line;

• Upgradation of 85 % of road surfaces: new areas doesn’t have pucca roads

leading to them;

• Absence of pedestrian sidewalks and road markings like zebra crossings (40%

trips are made by walk);

• 20% of areas in the city do not have streetlights.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-12


b. Goal

• To ensure easy and safe accessibility and good quality roads for vehicular and

pedestrian use for the citizens of Jalgaon.

c. Objective

• Initiate land acquisition/ pooling for realization of DP Roads;

• Initiate schemes for road widening in congested areas for provision of TDR;

• Upgrade & improvement of congested intersections;

• Up gradation & improvement of existing kuccha roads;

• Increase efficiency of traffic flow on existing roads;

• Improve surface quality of existing pucca roads and provide for concreting on

roads with heavy traffic; and

• Provide for adequate street lighting for safe street environment.

d. Design framework for 25 years ending year 2031: The design period of UIDSSMT scheme

has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year of 2006. The estimated road requirement

for next 2031 has based on existing situation analysis and reference from Tata Consultancy

Services surveys & reports. The design framework mainly focuses on intra city having grid iron

pattern network & peripheral by the radial distribution network based on the movements of intra

city passenger and goods as well as inter city movements to and from city.

Increased population from 3, 68,000 (2001) to 8,55,821 (2031)

• Increased urbanized area from an existing 44.92 sq.km to 61.18sq.km (2031), i.e.,

an addition of urbanizable area 16.26 Sq.km.

• Preparation of Comprehensive Road and Transport plan.

• Upgradation of existing road networks.

• Increased road network from 430 km to an addition of 547.97 km by 2031

• Realization of DP roads.

• Construction of additional IRR of about 12 km.

• Construction of ORR of about 30 km.

• Concreting of roads, about 50 km.

• Road widening in congested areas.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-13


• Chowk development & improvement and providing signal lights at all significant

intersections, including solar lighting.

• Planning for footpaths, drains and necessary underground duck network for all type

of utilities.

• Planning for pedestrian under passes, construction of flyovers and Railway Over

Bridges in congested intersections & railway crossing lines.

• Street lighting on major and minor roads and provision of solar panels and lights for

signalized junctions.

e. Management and Maintenance:

• Maintenance of interjections, lighting and traffic signals etc.

f. Strategies for the road sector under UIDSSMT

• Initiate comprehensive road and transport plan;

• Initiate phasing plan for realization of DP Roads;

• Initiate TDR/ TPS for road widening in congested areas;

• Upgrade congested intersections through proper design;

• Prepare phasing plan for upgradation of existing kuccha roads to

pucca roads;

• Corrections of faulty alignments and introduction of road

markings for improved traffic flow on existing roads; and

• Strengthen of poor surfaced roads to using California Bearing

Capacity ratio (CBR) & Benkelman Beam Design (BBD).

g. Infrastructure needs: project conceptualization:

• Up gradation and improvements of existing road networks 315.50km;

• Construction of new roads: about 547.97 km; (276.92 km + 271.05 km, excluding ORR &

IRR).

• Completion of Intermediate Ring Road about 12 km.

• Construction of Outer Ring Road about 30 km.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-14


• Concreting of roads with high traffic volume, viz., M.G Road, Pandey Dairy, Ring Road,

Mahabal Road, MIDC Road, Bainabai Udyan, Navipeth Road, and Khandesh Mill Road,

covering a road length of about 50 km.

• Construction of Footpath – existing roads about 318.82 km.

• Construction of footpaths for old city area and all major & minor roads within the city

about 318.92 either side.

• Footpath requirement for urbanizable area about 271.05 km either side;

• Upgradation and improvement of 23 intersections;

• Pedestrian Skywalks at congested areas; at Subhash Chowk, Shivaji Chowk, SBI Chowk

near L.N School, Ajanta Chowk, Ichhadevi Chowk, Stadium, and MG Market area;

• Pedestrian underpasses, 2 nos. at Old S.T. Stand, New S.T. Stand and Railway Station;

• Construction of three ROBs and approaches in lieu of level crossing at Pimprala (Gate no:

147A), Avhane intersection between Mumbai Bhusawal railway line and junction of

western and central railway line;

• Improvement of existing over bridge at Shivaji Nagar on the NH-06;

• Construction of flyovers at two locations: Akashwani Chowk, Ajanta Chowk; and

• Improvement of Street lighting

• Road restoration and utility services for a total length of 1018.87 km.

Parking sector

Growing industry, trade and commerce and most importantly the rapid growth of private

vehicles has increased the need for more parking spaces especially in the central areas of

Jalgaon city. This is also due to the fact that Jalgaon city is the head quarter of the Jalgaon

district. Both on street and off street parking practices are prevalent in the city; however,

majority of the parking facilities falls in the on street category. Critical locations like that of the

central business areas and areas near commercial complexes experience insufficiency and

inadequate parking provision.

The effective carriageway width is considerably reduced with haphazard on street parking.

Visual observations and quick interviews indicated that in markets such as the Golani market,

the owners and tenants use most of the parking spaces and there is a deficit of parking space for

the customers/ public.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-15


Table 6.4: Parking duration of vehicles at various locations in Jalgaon

Location Upto ½ ½ to

1

1 to

1½

1½ to

2

2 to

2½

2½ to

3

3 to

3½

3½ to

4

Total

New S. T. Stand 616 138 67 60 30 46 36 33 1026

SBI Premises 666 124 70 45 30 12 16 3 966

M. Phule market 760 171 81 65 29 26 26 25 1183

Khandesh Mill

Compound 796 205 94 60 42 26 31 10 1264

Golani Market 525 105 63 23 22 19 12 14 783

Choube Chowk 1681 309 144 66 45 41 25 22 2311

Navi Peth 538 74 20 16 12 8 2 3 670

Railway Station 874 231 104 78 63 38 24 33 1445

Source: City Development Plan - UIDSSMT Parking duration for the majority of vehicles in any part of the city does not exceed half an hour.

Fewer vehicles seem to be parked for durations of two or more hours. The locations discussed in

the table above include both authorized and unauthorized lots. Morning and afternoon hours see

a larger parking demand, which decreases toward the evening. The Tata Consultancy Services

report indicates that crucial areas of the city are already parking grid locked and the necessity of

parking is an issue of contention in the future.

Table 6.5: Distribution of authorized parking lots in the city

Location

Number of slots available

Total

Cars Two wheelers Cycles

Off street parking

M. Phule market 10 350 200 560

M. G. Market - 10 15 25

Golani Market 350 25 300 675

Railway Station 8 360 205 573

New S. T. Stand - - 52 52

SBI Premises 5 100 25 130

Khandesh Mill Compound 50 250 300 600

On street parking (length in meters)

M .G .Road 350m

Opposite to Phule Market 50m


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-16


Adjacent to Old Municipal Building 50m

Tower to Bombay Lodge Chowk 200m

Rear end of G S Grounds 100m

Shani Peth Road 100m


Parking is also provided in areas in proximity to intersections. This practice is in violation of

accepted norms and need to be rectified in future with certain areas being demarcated as parking

free zones and the introduction of offsite and pay and use parking policies.

Table 6.6: Project costing for the roads sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-12

1. Preparation of Master Plan

/ Detailed Project Report

9.39 9.39 9.39

2. Upgradation of existing

road network: about

315.50 km @ Rs. 0.30

Crores / Km

94.65 75.73 30.29 22.72 22.72

3. Construction of new roads-

old and additional

municipal limits: 276.92

km @Rs. 0.50 Crores / km

138.46 110.77 11.08 33.23 33.23 33.23

4. Construction of new roads-

urbanizable area for

2031:271.05 km @ Rs.

0.50 Crores / km

135.53

5. Construction of additional

IRR about 12 km @ Rs.

3.00 Crores / km

36.00 36.00 1.60 5.40 21.60 7.20

6. Construction of ORR

about 30km @ Rs. 4.00

Crores / km

120.00 120.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 48.00

7. Construction of concreting

of road: about 50 km @

Rs. 1.25 Crores / km

62.50 50.00 5.00 15.00 15.00 15.00

8. Construction of foothpath-

exsiting roads 430 km

*50%=215* 12 lakhs / km

25.80 20.62 1.03 4.12 4.12 5.16 6.19


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-17


9. Construction of foothpaths

–old and additional

municipal limits: about

318.82 km *30%=95.65 @

Rs. 12 lakhs / km

11.48 9.19 0.46 1.84 1.84 2.30 2.76

10. Construction of foothpath

– Urbanizable area for

2031:about 271.05 km

*20%=54.21 @ Rs. 12.0

lakhs / km

6.51

11. Improvements of

Junctions: 23 numbers @

Rs. 25 lakhs / unit

5.75 4.60 1.38 1.38 1.38 0.46

12. Construction of Sky walks:

7 numbers @ Rs. 6.00

lakhs / unit

0.42 0.42 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.13

13. Pedestrian under passes: 2

numbers @ Rs. 2.4 Crores

/ units

4.80 3.84 0.38 1.15 1.15 1.15

14. Construction of ROBs: 3

numbers @ Rs. 12.00

Crores / unit

36.00 28.80 2.88 8.64 8.64 8.64

15. Construction of flyovers: 2

numbers @ Rs. 25.00

Crores / unit

50.00 40.00 8.00 16.00 16.00

16. Improvement of over

bridges: 1 number @ Rs.

5.00 Crores / unit

5.00 5.00 2.50 2.50

17. Street lighting (lump sum) 2.00 2.00 0.30 0.60 0.30 0.40 0.40

18. Road restoration & utility

services – Total length of

1018.87 km @ Rs. 0.08 /

km of restoration and Rs.

0.12 / km of utility

services

203.77 163.01 24.45 48.90 24.45 32.60 32.60

Summary of Road Sector 948.05 679.37 107.44 157.07 166.52 172.76 75.57


6.2.4: Water Supply

Total municipal extent of 68.24sq.km comprises of 11.45sq.km from old municipal limit and

56.79sq.km is the extended municipal limit. Out of which 44.92sq.km have been urbanized at

present and in addition, urbanizable area will be about 16.26sq.km in the origin of 2031.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-18


The present ongoing augmented Water Supply Scheme of Waghur Stage V /Phase –I will meet

the need of a minimum supply of 225lpcd. Water obtained from the Waghur dam will be

pumped to a Water Treatment Plant at a distance of 7 km (2 nos. of 1100 mm PSC pipes) with

the treatment capacity of 90 MLD after this the treated water will be conveyed by gravity to the

city upto a distance of 9 km (1100 mm diameter PSC pipelines).

a. Water Sector specific studies:

• Present deficit supply about 20 MLD whereas the actual demand is 50 MLD and the

actual supply is 30 MLD. The Waghur Water Supply Scheme have been estimated

water requirement that is 173.34 MLD (Existing + proposed);

• Tapping of ground water sources;

• Unequal distribution of water;

• New areas have no water networks;

• System design has to be comprehensive;

• Augmentation of infrastructure connected with distribution systems such

ESRs(Elevated Storage Reservoir’s), GLSRs(Ground Level Storage Reservoir’s),

upgradation of filtration plants;

• Effective revenue collection through efficient collection management;

• Duration of water supply and quantity of water needs to increase; and

• Old areas have piped supply, which was established in 1927.

b. Goal

• To ensure access to drinking and safe water supply for all; and

• To ensure efficient and enhance water supply

c. Objectives

• Safe water and equitable distribution.

• Extension of water supply to uncovered areas.

• Rehabilitation of old network system to address old areas.

• Reduction of losses due to distribution.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-19


• Collection of revenue by mapping and consumer metering for efficient service

delivery.

• Increased per capita supply to 200 lpcd from 70 lpcd.

d. Design framework for 25 years ending year 2030:

The design period of UIDSSMT scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year

of 2006. A minimum supply of 200 lpcd, which includes 15% wastage / unaccounted plus 25

lpcd for institutions and industries.

• Increased population to 8,55, 821 from 3, 68,000.

• Increased urbanisable area from 44.92 sq.km to 61.18 sq.km.

• Urbanisable area 2031: 1626 ha = 16.26 sq.km.

• Water supply requirement: 149.47 MLD.

• Filtration plant – existing 50 MLD to be enhanced to 100 MLD in addition.

e. Strategies for the water sector under UIDSSMT

• Water supply system needs overall and comprehensive Master Plan for

management of the water resource.

• Distribution of water efficiency enhanced through creation of infrastructure

such as elevated reservoirs, etc

• Distribution of water needs to be done through mixed community stand posts

for the urban poor and individual water connections for other social class.

• Losses can be curtailed through up gradation of pipes.

• Enhancement of revenue through computerized GIS mapping and consumer

indexed metering system.

• Overall engineering measures to maintain the assets, supply levels, pressure and

for time duration.

f. Infrastructure needs: project conceptualization:

• Preparation of comprehensive master plan for water supply system with focus on design

and implementation for an urbanisable area of 61.18sq.km.

• Computerized mapping and consumer indexing for the city with 73,000 households.

Water metering for bulk users and individual connections.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-20


• Detailed plan for upgradation of water supply system for old city areas – conversion of

old pipes into class I standard - for an area of 11.45sq.km about 50 running kilometer.

• Augmentation and upgradation of distribution network of covered areas, system design

an area of 9.65sq.km area translating about 190 running kilometers.

• Provision and laying of new pipes according to the uncovered areas of extended

municipal limit covering area of 12.36 sq.km area translating about 247.20 running

kilometer.

• Provision and laying of pipes according to the urbanisable area of 3.25 sq.km translating

about 271.05 running kilometer.

• Treatment facilities - Providing pure water by filtration by augmenting and upgradation

to Dapora water filtration plant for 132 MLD.

• Sinking of additional bore wells to augment the supply – 50 bore wells.

• Construction of ESRs & GLSRs – 10 Nos. addition.

g. Management and Maintenance:

• Lab facilities for water quality management

• Regularization of unauthorized connections.

Energy meter auditing, regular maintenance plus pumps and machinery.

Table 6.7: Project costing for the water supply sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Preparation of Master plan

(Detailed project report)

2.30 2.30 2.30

2. Rehabilitation & up-

gradation of distribution

network of old city area

(50 km *0.25 Crores)

12.50 12.50 3.13 3.13 3.13 3.13

3. Rehabilitation & up-

gradation of distribution

network of covered areas

(extended municipal limit-

190 km *0.25 Crores)

47.50 47.50 11.88 11.88 11.88 11.88


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-21



6.2.5: Sewerage and Sanitation

Based on the topography, the project area is divided into 23 + 8 main sewerage sheds of 44.92

sq.km-developed area plus 8 sheds for urbanizable area of 16.26 sq.km. The flow from each

sewerage shed will gravitate to a trunk sewer through branch and collecting sewers. The old

municipal area is divided into 6 additional sewerage sheds; the extended area is divided into 13

additional sewerage sheds and urbanizable area is divided into 8 additional sewerage sheds.

a. Sewerage and Sanitation Sector specific studies:

• The city does not have a scientific sewerage system;

• Infiltration into ground water – pollution issues;

• Raw sewerage leads into open drains and into river;

• Mixing of systems – mainly storm water and sewerage – tackle the problem

systemically;

• Improper sewerage & sanitation measures in Slum areas; and

• Lack of adequate community toilets.

4. Provision and laying of

pipes for uncovered areas

(extended municipal limit:

247.20 km *0.35 Crores)

86.52 51.91 10.38 10.38 20.76 10.38

5. Provision and laying of

pipe for urbanisable area

for 2031 (271.05 km *0.35

Crores)

94.92

6. Treatment plant- filtration

plants-132 MLD

5.28

7. Sinking of bore wells and

pumping – 200 Nos. *2

lakhs

4.00 1.00 0.25 0.50 0.25

8. Computerized mapping

and consumer index in –

Rs. 50 / hh *73000

0.36 0.36 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09

9. Metering of connections –

Rs. 5000 / hh * 73000 hh

36.50 36.50 10.95 10.95 14.60

10. Construction of ESRs and

GLSRs- 10 Nos.* Rs. 22

lakhs each

2.20 2.20 0.66 1.54

Summary of Water Sector 292.08 154.27 12.68 26.38 48.84 36.67 29.69


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-22


b. Goal

• To provide healthy and environmental system for sewerage and sanitation

c. Objectives

• To develop comprehensive master plan for sewerage and sanitation;

• Access to cover under ground sewerage;

• Provide sanitation facilities for the urban poor and slum dwellers;

• To scientifically treat the waste water and sewerage; and

• Restore the natural drains for storm water purpose.

d. Design framework for 25 years ending year 2031: The design period of scheme has been

taken as 25 years with the starting base year of 2006, the sewerage system is designed for 80%

of the water supply with 200 mm diameter as the minimum size of RCC pipes, an average flow

of 105.14 MLD for 2011, 135.03 MLD for 2021 and 135.03 MLD for 2031.

• To service a total population of 8,55,821 and in first phase a population of

3,68,000;

• Total area to be serviced: 61.18 sq.km;

• Total sewerage water to be treated: 80% of 149.47 MLD = 119 MLD;

• Sanitation – through provision of community toilets – user pay model – per

population – 5 toilets per 1000 population;

• Sewerage Treatment Plant – 135 .03 MLD – about 4 Nos. (STP – I & II,

estimated capacity of 34.98 MLD & 34 MLD, near oxidation pond, STP-III,

estimated capacity of 44.76 MLD near Nimkedi village and STP-IV,

estimated capacity of 24.44 MLD near Asoda road; and

• Land requirement – 40 acres/each STP.

e. Strategies for the sewerage and sanitation sector under UIDSSMT

• Sewerage system, sanitation, drainage and Solid Waste Management need overall

Master Plan / DPRs;

• Creation of infrastructure such as household connections, manholes, UGD and pipes,

Biological Activated sludge treatment plants, with SCADA system; and


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-23


• Definition of policy for user charges, tariffs.

f. Infrastructure needs: project conceptualization

Preparation of comprehensive master plan for sewerage and sanitation system with focus on

design and implementation for an area of 61.18 sq.km;

• Conversion of soak pits to UGD drain connections;

• Provision and laying of pipes according to the system design – Old Municipal area -

(Primary network of 38.93km, Secondary network of 58.40km, and Tertiary network of

97.33km) covering an area of 44.92sq.km;

• Provision and laying of pipes according to the system design – Additional areas:

(Primary network of 113.90km, Secondary network of 170.70km, and Tertiary network

of 284.50km);

• Provision and laying of pipes according to the system design – Urbanisable area:

(Primary network of 55.28km, Secondary network of 82.93km, and Tertiary network of

138.21km) covering an area of 16.26sq.km;

• Sewerage Treatment Plants - Providing 135.03 MLD;

• Construction of community toilets for slum areas: 300 units; and

• Construction of pay and use public toilets: 50 units

• Land acquisition and Sewer maintenance equipment


• Lab facilities for water quality management; and

• Procurement for sewer maintenance equipment.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-24


Table 6.8: Project costing for sewerage and sanitation sector

Sr.

No.

Sector / components Total

Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-11 2011-

12

1.

Preparation of

Comprehensive plan for

sewerage, sanitation &

solid waste management

3.03 3.03 3.03

2. Provision of UGD sewer

network: old & additional

areas about 194.65 running

km

Primary network of 900

mm dia pipe-about 38.93


Crores

11.68 11.68 3.50 3.50 4.67




Crores

8.76 8.76 2.63 2.63 3.50

Tertiary network of 450



Crores

9.73 9.73 2.92 2.92 3.89

3. Provision of UGD sewer

network: additional areas

about 568.99 running km

Primary network of 900

mm dia pipe-about 113.90


Crores

34.17 22.78 6.83 6.83 9.11




Crores

25.61 25.61 7.68 7.68 10.24

Tertiary network of 450



Crores

28.45 28.45 8.54 8.54 11.38


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-25



6.2.6: Storm Water Drains

The storm water drainage system in the city is divided into primary, secondary and tertiary

drains. There are five primary Nallas connected to city and its periphery such as Lendi, Khedi,

Pimprala, Gujar and Harivitthal nallas. The lengths of these nallas are about 22 km, out of which

about 14 km an average width of 6-8 meter and 8 km, an average width of 20 meter respectively

and are also covered by the secondary and tertiary drains within the city.

4. Urbanisable area about

276.42 km: Primary

network of 900 mm dia

pipe- about 55.28 running


16.58

Urbanisable area:

secondary network of 600



Crores

12.44

Urbanisable area: Tertiary

network of 450 mm dia

pipe- about 138.21 running


13.82

5. Sewerage Treatment Plant

– 135.03 MLD @ Rs. 3

crores / 10 MLD

40.15 32.40 16.20 16.20

6. Providing toilets- slum

areas 300 units @ Rs.

25000/unit

0.75 0.75 0.15 0.15 0.30 0.15

7. Pay and use toilets- 50 @

Rs. 08 lakhs/unit

4.00 4.00 0.60 1.20 0.60 0.60 1.00

8. Sewer maintenance

equipment (lump sum)

1.50 1.50 0.75 0.75

9. Land acquisition cost- 40

acres @ Rs. 15 lakhs

6.00 6.00 0.60 1.80 3.60

Summary of Sewerage &

Sanitation Sector

217.02 154.69 36.48 35.25 47.30 17.70 17.95


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-26


Map 6.4: Drainage Network


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-27


a. Storm water drain sector specific studies:

• Total network of storm water drains about 185.40 to 190.025 km in length during 2001-

01 & 2005-06 respectively;

• About 3.86% covered drains within the city and rest are open;

• Primary and secondary nallas present where household send out sullage, effluents and

storm water (mixed);

• Dumping of solid waste and clogging of the drains leading to pollution of ground water

sources due to seepage into subsoil;

• Untrained, not suitable gradients for natural drainage;

• Network of storm water drains needs to be established;

• Augmentation of infrastructure including creation of artificial RWH ponds and

treatment plants; and

• Water from the RWH ponds can generate revenue by being sold to farmers.

b. Goal

• To ensure an efficient and effective storm water drainage system to curb

flooding and carry storm water exclusively; and

• Drains to run as per natural drainage lines and allow harvesting and reuse of this

water.

c. Objectives:

• To strengthen the existing natural drainage pattern;

• Lining of the nallas, primary drains along with gradients;

• Providing drains along the main roads - arterial, sub arterial etc;

• To provide for rain water harvesting utilizing the primary drains; and

• Creation of RWH ponds for collection of the storm water.


The design period of scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year of 2006. The

existing drains of within the city will be used exclusively for storm water runoffs and

augmentation and upgradation; existing drains plus new drains would be constructed in

urbanizable area.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-28


• Increased run offs – area 44.92 sq.km to 61.18 sq.km;

• Width of existing primary nallas & drains – Primary nallas average width of 20m &

6-8m, secondary drains: average width of 4.0m and tertiary: average width of 2.0m;

• Depth of drain: average 4.0 m - primary, 3.0 m - secondary and 1.5 m – tertiary;

• Length existing drains primary: 22 km.

• RWH ponds for collection of storm water from primary nallas: 2.0 Ha.m capacity.

e. Strategies for the storm water drainage sector under UIDSSMT

• Reduce point pollution sources along the storm water drains through diversion of

sewer;

• Environmental upgradation through tree planting and creation of parks /recreation

lung spaces along the primary drains;

• Engineering measures to maintain the gradient and natural drain slopes for self-

cleaning, lining and training of the drains to be provided;

• Collection of storm water in common point for rain water harvesting and usage; and

• Comprehensive urban water shed management plan.

f. Infrastructure needs: project conceptualization:

• Preparation of comprehensive urban water shed master plan on an area of 80sq.km;

• Desilting of the primary drains and construction of lining along the primary drains

(22.0 km length- 14 km width of 20m, 8 km width of 6-8m and 4.0m depth);

• Upgradation, lining and covering of existing drains – Secondary (30.0 km length &

Tertiary drains: 100 km;

• Construction of new drains in urbanizable area: (Secondary drains of 40.65km, and

Tertiary drains of 230.75km);

• Rain water harvesting ponds for 2.0 Ha-m capacity (3nos.); and

• Afforestation and tree planting: 8,000 saplings.

• Culverts and bridges: 15nos


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-29



• Management and enforcement to prevent from dumping and encroachment.

Water quality management in the RWH ponds, for further use.

Table 6.9: Project costing for drainage sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Preparation of Comprehensive

Master plan for drainage

3.29 3.29 3.29

2. Upgradation of exsiting

primary drain network-

desilting and lining primary

drains: 22.0 km @ Rs. 1.50

Crores / km

33.00 33.00 9.90 9.90 13.20

3. Construction of new primary

drains- urbanizable area: about

15 km @ Rs. 2.00 Crores / km

30.00

4. Upgradation of exsiting

secondary and tertiary drains

netwroks:

Secondary drains- 30 km *Rs.

0.15 crores

4.50 4.50 1.35 1.35 1.80

Tertiary drains- 100 km * Rs.

0.08 crores.

8.00 8.00 2.40 2.40 3.20

5. Construction of new secondary

& tertiary drains- old and

additional municipal limits

Secondary drains- 75 km * 2 *

Rs. 0.20 crores

30.00 30.00 9.00 9.00 12.00

Tertiary drains- 433 km * 2 *

Rs. 15 crores

129.90 129.90 12.99 25.98 38.97 25.98 25.98

6. Construction of new secondary

and tertiary drains- urbanisable

area

Secondary drains- 40.65 km *

2 * Rs. 0.20 crores

16.26

Tertiary drains- 230.75 km *2*

Rs. 0.15 crores

69.23

7. Rain water hervesting ponds of

2.0 Ha-m capacity (3 nos. @

3.00 2.85 0.57 1.14 0.86 0.29


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-30


Rs. 1.0 crore / pond)

8. Aforestation (8000 sampling

@ Rs. 500 each)

0.40 0.38 0.04 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.11

9. Culvert and Bridges: 15 nos.

@ Rs. 20 lakhs / units

3.00 2.70 0.54 0.54 0.54 1.08

10. Land scaping and creation of

recreational spaces along the

drains: 3 nos. @ Rs. 0.75

2.25 2.03 0.61 0.61 0.81

Summary of Drainage Sector 332.83 216.65 39.54 50.39 71.25 27.49 27.98


6.2.7: Solid Waste Management

a. Solid waste management sector specific studies

• Waste collection restricted too few areas.

• The city have an inadequate door-to-door collection system.

• The city does not have a designated scientific disposal sites, disposed off to drains/ on

road sides – clogging drains.

• Ground water & soil pollution due to intrusion of leachate.

• Effective treatment of Bio-medical waste.

• Bulk agriculture waste need for composting.

b. Goal

• To ensure scientific solid waste collection and disposal methods for healthy

and clean city

c. Objectives

• Initiate door-to-door collection system

• Efficient transportation system for collection and disposal.

• Designate land fill site for disposal.

• Compost plant for MSW – treatment capacity 240 tones/day

• Initiate segregation at source

• Capacity building and community awareness programme, information, education &

communication campaigns by NGOs on waste segregation.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-31


d. Design framework for 25 years ending year 2031

The waste generation per capita was estimated based on the present and projected population.

The design period of scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year of 2006. The

waste generation per caipta was estimated 0.491 kg/day/person.

• Current tonnage SWM – 226 T/D;

• Annual generation – 73600 T/Y (2001);

• Identified land fill site – 60728 sq.m (15 acres);

• Increased population = 8,55,821;

• Projected tonnage (2031) : 400 T/D (146346T/Y); and

• Composting (2031): Projected tonnage 240 T/D (146346T/Y – 60%

Composting)

e. Strategies for the SWM sector under UIDSSMT

• Initiate door to door collection with source segregation;

• Regularize waste collection from slum areas;

• Involvement of SHGs, RWAs and CBOs for collection;

• Collection of Bio-medical, industrial and construction and demolition wastes

apart from Municipal solid waste;

• Generation of revenue through waste to energy through PPP models; and

• Overall engineering measures to maintain the land fill sites, scientific tools

for collection and disposal.


• Preparation of comprehensive plan for Solid waste management with focus

on transportation for an area of 61.18 sq.km, out of which about 44.92

(urbanized area) and 16.26 sq.km (urbanizable area);

• GPS tracking of collection and disposal vehicles;

• Construction of Compost plant with a tonnage capacity of 240T/D;

• Preparation of sanitary land fills site (3nos.)- construction of Weigh Bridge,


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-32


unloading platform, operator facilities etc;

• Transfer station- 3 Nos.;

• Augmenting of existing bio-medical waste plant through PPP model; and

• Acquisition of land for land fill sites and transfer stations.

Table 6.10: Project costing for solid waste management sector


g. Management and Maintenance

• Capacity building and awareness campaign.

• Maintenance of machinery and equipments.

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Construction of sanitary

landfill site- 3 nunbers @

Rs. 20.00 crores / unit

60.00 48.00 24.00 24.00

2. Construction of transfer

station – 3 numbers @ Rs.

50 lakhs

1.50 1.50 0.75 0.75

3. Construction of compost

plant – Rs. 5 lakhs /

tonnage capacity of 240

T/D

12.00 9.60 1.92 3.84 3.84

4. Augmentation of existing

BWM treatment facility –

lump sum

3.00 3.00 3.00

5. GPS vehicle tracking of

collection and disposal

(GPS survery and

introduction of GPS

model)- lump sum

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

6. Land acquisition: landfill

site 30 acres, Transfer

station 15 acres &

compost plant 25 acres @

Rs. 15 lakhs / acre (Rs.

4.50 + 2.25 + 3.75 crores)

10.50 8.40 4.20 4.20

Summary of Solid Waste

Management Sector

89.00 72.50 9.12 32.04 27.84 1.75 1.75


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-33


6.2.8: Environment and Development of Lakes

The Girna River, lakes and forest lands form the primary ecological base for the city of Jalgaon

region. Mehrun and Ambadzara are the only lakes in the city limits. Mehrun covers an area of

75 ha. The Mehrun also contributes to water supply in the drier months of the year as it supplies

water to two wards during water supply shortage months. Ambadzara is a lesser-known tank,

which shows signs of neglect and contamination, and the preservation and maintenance of both

these water bodies is essential for maintaining a healthy environment in the city.

a. Environment sector specific studies

• Laboratory analysis of the water from Mehrun tank showed a pH variation of

6.24 to 7.45 and electrical conductivity varies from 0.495 to 0.510millimhos.

• The chloride concentrations and high BOD and COD values are also present.

• Reasons for these values are due to human and animal activities such as bathing

and washing at the banks of the lakes.

b. Goal

• To upgrade the environment for providing better quality of life to the

user/ inhabitants.

c. Objectives:

• Upgrade the natural environment and develop strategies for its

preservation through future urbanization. To assess development because

of long term and cumulative impacts and net positive and negative

contributions to environmental quality;

• Achieve environmental principles and physical growth of the city in a

financially responsible manner;

• Encourage the conservation and managed use of all natural resources;

• To preserve, protect and enhance significant natural features;

• To minimize the potential for adverse impacts to the air, land and water;

• Maintain new lakes created through rain water harvesting and increasing

water level in the lake as well surrounding area;

• Use of lakes and parks for recreation;


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-34


• Revenue generation from the lakes and parks; and

• Water quality improvement;


Prepare master plan for long-term preservation and maintenance of natural environment of

Jalgaon through an integrated approach. Through the plan prepare frameworks for maintenance

of physical/ topographical features including the Girna River, the water front, low lying areas

and rain water harvesting ponds and lakes, green lands and the impacts of the built form on

them.

• Prepare plans for creation of new water bodies, rain water harvesting

ponds;

• Prepare plans for development and preservation of Mehrun, Ambadzara

lakes and other new ponds proposed for creation; and

• Plan for efficient and sustainable management of revenue generated

from lakes and tanks as places of recreation to support their

preservation.

e. Strategies for the Environment sector under UIDSSMT

• By virtue of its enormous expanse (75 ha) Mehrun Lake forms an important

potential of the city, so use of Mehrun Lake as a city level recreational open

space.

• Infrastructure development in Lake Precincts

• Implementation of silt protection measures

• Regular monitoring of lake water quality

• Private sector participation in development and maintenance of water bodies

and green open spaces

• To encourage land use dealing with resource materials management, waste

products and recycling ventures.

f. Infrastructure needs project conceptualization


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-35


• Preparation of comprehensive master plan for environmental

upgradation;

• Create ‘City Forests’ on low lying, vacant municipal lands or forestlands

in the city. Plan for plantation of approximately 3000 saplings in parks

and green areas and along water bodies;

• De-silting of lake: Implementing soil and water conservation measures

like gully control measures, construction of check dams, etc. to hold soil

and reduce siltation;

• Infrastructure development around the lakes and construction of public

toilets (8 units per lake) and ghats; and

• Prevention of soil erosion - Development of dense plantation buffers

running along city, along nallahs, along railway lines, along NHs, in

MIDC area.


• Afforestation & soil conservation;

• Desiltation;

• Construction of community toilets; and

• Provision of water monitoring laboratory for regular monitoring of

water quality, identification of pollution sources and research.

Table 6.11: Project costing for the environmental upgradation sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Preparation of master

plan (Detail Project

Report)

0.12 0.12 0.12

2. Restoration of Mehrun

lake

a) Lake desiltation

(Average Depth of 0.6

m): mechanical about

effective 60 ha @ Rs.

2.88 2.88 1.44 1.44


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-36


80.00 / Cum

b) Civil work: about 4

km an average width of

1.2 m @ Rs. 1000 / sq.

km

0.48 0.48 0.24 0.24

c) Landscaping:

creating wetland, bird

habitat, child play area,

horticulture /

ornamental plants,

afforestation, creating

pathways, gate, steps /

raised platform.

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

3. Restoration of

Ambadzara Lake:

a) Lake desiltation

(Average Depth of 0.6

m): mechanical about

effective 20 ha @ Rs.

80.00 / Cum

0.95 0.95 0.48 0.48

b) Civil work: about 1.5

km an average width of

1.2 m @ Rs. 1000 / sq.

km

0.18 0.18 0.09 0.09

c) Landscaping:

creating wetland, bird

habitat, child play area,

horticulture /

ornamental plants,

afforestation, creating

pathways, gate, steps /

raised platform

0.50 0.50 0.25 0.25

4. Construction of 30

public toilet @ Rs.

25000/ unit

0.08 0.08 0.04 0.04

5. Water quality,

biodiversity monitoring

& research

1.50 1.50 0.75 0.75

6. Construction of modern

abattoir

3.00 3.00 1.50 1.50

Summary of Environmental

& Preservation of Water

Bodies

11.69 11.69 5.91 5.79


6.2.9: Urban Renewal


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-37


The Jalgaon Gaothan (area of 0.25sq.km) is the first ever limit of the city. It is from this village

limit that the city originally grew from. The extended limit of the city that incorporates an area

of 68.24sq.km has also engulfed many village pockets like that of the Pimprala Gaothan (area of

0.175sq.km), Mehrun Gaothan (area of 0.131sq.km) and the Khedi Gaothan area (area of

0.025sq.km). Also present within this municipal area are the central business areas of the city

like Shivaji Nagar, Joshi Peth, Navi Peth, Baliram Peth etc.

The Town Planning scheme - I, Town Planning schemer - II and Town Planning scheme - III

have been conceptualized in the Jalgaon Gaothan area and two of theses, which is the Town

Planning - II and Town Planning - III have been implemented. The Town Planning schemes that

have already been implemented include the provisions of schools and parks. Road widening

schemes in these areas are also proposed in the other TP schemes that have not been

implemented yet.

a. Urban Renewal sector specific studies

• Old areas have water networks which were set up in 1927 and are in need of

replacement;

• Non-conforming land-uses like air and noise polluting industries occur in these areas

and their spread remains unchecked;

• The rate of transfer of people from the old areas to newer areas of the city is very high

and percentages of residential use are on the decline;

• Garbage (solid waste generated) in these areas is high and effective collection and

disposal systems are not yet in place;

• System designs for water supply, sewage, drainage, sanitation and roads need to be

comprehensive;

• Congestions in the old city streets persist with narrow streets, bottlenecks, dust

pollution and poor traffic management;

• Parking facilities are inadequate and reduce the right of way in the already narrow

streets; and

• Basic social infrastructure services like health, schools, community centers, parks and

open spaces, etc. are also lacking.

b. Goal


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-38


• To revitalize the cultural, economic and historic hub of the city and to ensure a

good quality of life for the people staying in these areas with access to a high

quality of infrastructure services.

c. Objectives:

• To revitalize the cultural and economic hub of the city keeping in mind the

redevelopment of the existing communities.

• Micro level plan to allow for renewal of the Gaothan area effectively.

• Access for all in terms of high quality basic services like that of clean drinking water,

water supply, sewerage, drainage and sanitation.

• To enhance the effectiveness of roads in these areas by eliminating bottlenecks, road

realignment, strengthening and widening of narrow roads and transport planning.

• To allow for parking facilities that does not compromise the right of way of narrow

streets.

• Shifting of non-conforming land-uses such as polluting and hazardous industries in

residential neighborhoods to conforming areas in the outskirts of the city.

• Solid waste generated in these areas need to be collected through an efficient collection

and disposal system to avoid unhygienic conditions in these areas.

• Land needs to be reserved for social infrastructure needs like schools, health centers,

parks and playgrounds, community centers, etc.


The design period of UIDSSMT scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year

of 2006. Urban renewal is proposed with the view that these areas that form the economic and

cultural nerve center of the city will face more and more pressure as the city bursts at its

peripheries.

• Enhanced infrastructure services in areas such as Shivaji Nagar and Navi Peth will

have to bear the pressure to serve the business needs of a population of 3, 68,000 at


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-39


present and a projected total population of 8, 55,821 in future as they form the

central business hubs today;

• The floating population in these areas which are at present 60,000 people is

estimated to rise to 1, 16,000 people and will have to be accounted for in the design

framework for the provision of basic services and public amenities; and

• The land area will remain unchanged but the requirements of parking spaces,

increased vehicular movement, additional commercial space, etc. will rise and the

proposal of a parking and logistics hub is seen as a requirement.

e. Strategies for the URBAN RENEWAL SECTOR under UIDSSMT

• Encourage urban renewal in the central business areas of the city with

polices based on a mix of renovation, selective demolition, and investment,

and incentives;

• Micro level plan for renewal of the Gaothan area;

• Environmental up gradation through tree planting and creation of parks

/recreation lung spaces wherever possible;

• Shifting of non-conforming land uses to conforming uses in the outskirts of

the city wherever is required; and

• Implementation of road widening schemes through the utilization of TDR

and the preparation of a comprehensive Master Plan for traffic management.


• Preparation of comprehensive master plan for Urban Renewal in the central

business areas of the city such as Shivaji Nagar and Navi Peth with focus on

design and implementation to cater to the business needs of the future;

• Micro level plan to propose improvements for the Gaothan areas of the

Jalgaon Gaothan;

• Proposal for a parking and logistics hub to relieve the congested central

areas of the city;

• Shifting of the Old bus stand ;

• Rejuvenation of Old areas ;


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-40


• Upgradation of existing infrastructure like the worn out water supply pipes,

introduction of a sewerage system, drainage and solid waste management

collection and disposal needs; and

• Preparation of micro-level plans.


• Provision of high quality services requires timely maintenance and

management; and

• Management and enforcement of effective traffic management and regulated

entry and exit of goods carrying vehicles at prescribed timings.

Table 6.12: Project costing for the urban renewal sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Preparation of

Comprehenssive Master

Plan in the Central

Bussiness Area of Navi

Peth and Shivaji Nagar-

total extent of 2.5 sq km

& Gaothan areas- total

extents of 0.25 sq. km

0.24 0.24 0.24

2. Redevelopment of

Central Bussiness Areas:

shifting of non-

conforming industries to

conforming areas - Navi

Peth and Shivaji nagar-

of 2.5 sq km @ Rs. 6.00

crores.

15.00 15.00 15.00 4.50 4.50 4.50

3. Construction of Multi

Level Car Parking about

100 numbers @Rs. 1.2

lakhs / car including both

the areas.

1.20 1.20 0.60 0.60

4. Shifting old bus stand –

lump sum

6.00 6.00 1.80 1.80 2.40


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-41


5. Rejuvenation of old area-

Gaothan area- about 0.25

sq km @ Rs. 5.00 crores /

sq. km

1.25 1.25 0.38 0.38 0.50

6. Landscaping and

beautification – CBA and

Gaothan area (lump sum)

0.20 0.20 0.06 0.06 0.08

Summary of Urban Renewal

Sector

23.89 23.89 3.54 6.30 7.34 5.54 1.18


6.2.10: Heritage Conservation and Tourism

a. Heritage Conservation and Tourism sector specific studies

• Inspite of presence of significant heritage sites in the vicinity, the city has

failed to attract tourists;

• Little attention is paid to development of infrastructure facilities to

promote tourism. Currently, the city does not host any five-star hotels;

• No proper recording and documentation of heritage buildings;

• Due to lack of awareness on heritage conservation, heritage buildings are

deteriorating;

• Lack of technical support to owners for maintaining heritage structures;

and

• Lack of nodal agency for overall heritage management and tourism

promotion.

b. Goal

• To promote development based on conservation of heritage and cultural

properties, traditional arts and crafts of the region.

c. Objectives

• Promote tourism as an important economy of Jalgaon;

• Promote Jalgaon as a transit tourist hub;

• Increase the number of tourists (both domestic and foreign) visiting

Ajanta - Ellora and accordingly upgrade the tourism infrastructure to

meet the enhanced demand;


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-42


• To coordinate heritage plans and programs with other programs offered

by the city, individuals, groups, agencies and senior levels of

government;

• To encourage and develop private and public financial support in the

conservation of heritage resources; and

• To encourage other levels of government to enact legislation and take

other actions to preserve, improve and use the city's heritage resources.


Plan for upgradation of physical infrastructure, hospitality, leisure, sports and tourism sectors as

part of an integrated effort towards creation of a transit tourist hub at Jalgaon.

• Plan for Jalgaon as a transit tourist hub;

• To upgrade basic physical infrastructure of the city to provide for

international tourists.

• Design and maintain the water bodies of the city, viz., the Mehrun Lake,

Ambadzara Lake and any other proposed Rain Water Harvesting Tanks

for tourist attraction; and

• Promote establishment of three star and five star hotels, improved taxi

services, better public and private transport services.

e. Strategies for the Heritage and Tourism sector under UIDSSMT

• Setting up of heritage cell for heritage conservation;

• Setting up of a nodal agency to promote tourism;

• Prepare a comprehensive master plan for heritage and tourism plan for the

city and the region;

• Encourage private sector participation in tourism related infrastructure

development;

• Develop frameworks for heritage TDR;

• Generate database for heritage conservation by preparing inventory of

architectural, cultural, traditional, natural heritage in the city;


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-43


• Generate database for tourism development by preparing inventory of

tourism potential sites in the vicinity; and

• Develop civic awareness on heritage and conservation.


• Preparation of comprehensive master plan for heritage conservation

and tourism to attract a large percentage of the state’s foreign

tourists;

• Create a Museum to showcase the culture and artifacts of the region;

• Create a Tourist Information Center; and

• Construction of hotels, parking lots for tourist buses and taxis

(travels).


• Create Heritage Cell for management of heritage sites (under public

& private ownership); and

• Maintenance of heritage buildings and precincts.

Table 6.13: Project costing for the heritage development sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Preparation of Master

Plan (Detail Project

Report)

0.07 0.07 0.07

2. Create a Musem to

showcase the culture &

artifacts of the region

plus its maintaince

2.50 2.50 1.25 1.25

3. Create a Tourist

Information Center

0.75 0.75 0.23 0.53

4. Parking lots

accommodating 50 cars

and other facilities such

2.00 2.00 1.00 1.00


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-44


as buses, signage and

beautification

5. Preservation of artifacts 1.00 1.00 0.50 0.50

6. Scientific conservation

of heritage sites (Façade

improvement of existing

building)

5.00 5.00 1.00 2.00 1.00 1.00

Summary of Heritage

Conservation Sector

11.32 11.32 1.30 2.00 1.53 3.75 2.75


6.2.11: Basic Services for the Urban Poor

The Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation has notified Tambapura, Bimnagar, Ambedkarnagar,

Mangwada, Bhilwada and Old Cattle Bazaar for the slum improvement scheme. The JCMC is

responsible for providing basic services for urban poor within the municipal area.

a. Basic Services for the Urban Poor sector specific studies

• The slum population: in the three years between 1998 and 2001 there

was an increase of ten thousand inhabitants. (From 51,147 in 1998 to

62,696 in 2001);

• The slum area does not have the basic infrastructures; and

• There is a shortage in terms of access to community and public

toilets for the urban poor.

b. Goal

• To ensure efficient basic infrastructure/ services delivery to the poor

at affordable prices and access to low cost shelter

c. Objectives

• Integrated approach for housing & basic infrastructure;

• Supply of safe drinking water at lower price, equitable distribution of

basic services; and

• Provide sanitation facilities for the urban poor and slum dwellers.



_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-45


• Upgradation of core infrastructures facilities to urban poor;

• Provide low cost shelter to the poor; and

• Sanitation – through provision of community toilets: 5 toilets/ 1000

population.

e. Strategies for the urban poor under UIDSSMT

• Improving the overall quality of life of urban poor; and

• Enhancing & increase the income generation capacity.

Table 6.14: Project costing for the basic services to urban poor sector

Sr.

No.


Investment

(Rs. In

Crores)

Investment

till 2012

(Rs. In

Crores)

2007-

08

2008-

09

2009-

10

2010-

11

2011-

12

1. Preparation of Master Plan

(Detail Project Report)

1.80 1.80 1.80

2. Provision of urban service

for poor- Core

infrastructure includes

housing and other

amenities

180.00 144.00 23.04 30.07 30.07 30.07 30.75

Summary of Basic Services for

Urban Poor

181.80 145.80 24.84 30.07 30.07 30.07 30.75


6.2.12: Efforts for Planned Development

The Jalgaon Municipal Council has also prepared three Town Planning Schemes for the

implementation of the Development Plan. The first Town Planning Scheme was prepared in

1978 covered an area of 19.0 hectares mainly for road widening within the Jalgaon Gaothan

area. Town Planning Scheme – 2 was prepared in 1979 covers an area of 120 hectares and

included implementation of civic amenities as proposed in the Development Plan. The third

Town Planning scheme situated to the South of NH.6, covers an area of 65.68 hectares also

prepared for realizing Development Plan roads and public amenities as per the Development

Plan. The JCMC successfully implemented TP Schemes II and III while TP Scheme I still

remains unrealized.

6.2.13: Implementation of the Development Plan


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-46


There is no mandate or any single identified institution for the implementation of the

Development Plan. The JCMC and the Town Planning Department of Jalgaon are the prime

institutions along with the Maharashtra Housing and Area Development Authority (MHADA)

that are also responsible for the implementation aspect. Detailed plans in line with DP proposals

are prepared by the respective agencies that plan to develop specific parcels of land. The Town

Planning Department of Jalgaon has been the only agency, which has been acquiring land in the

JCMC areas and developing the same. They then transfer such areas falling in the jurisdiction of

JCMC for the purpose of maintenance after five years. Housing and Area Development

Authority along with the Town Planning Department of Jalgaon have also developed some

Housing Colonies in Jalgaon. In case of industrial development, the City & Industrial

Development Corporation (CIDCO) works with the Town Planning department of Jalgaon for

future industrial development as per the provisions of the Act. Apart from these developments,

many private developers have also been developing layouts after obtaining the requisite license;

permission/ exemption from the Town Planning of Jalgaon. The private developed layouts

maintain by the developers for an initial period of one year; subsequently, these are handed over

to JCMC for their upkeep, future growth and maintenance.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-47


PROPOSED OUTER RING ROAD

PROPOSED INNER RING ROAD

GROWTH DIRECTIONS

Map 6.5: Showing Jalgaon growth directions and future proposals

6.2.14: Key Issues

• The direction of growth is based on the corridor type of development, which is

along the National Highway No.6 towards Dhule–Mumbai and Bhusawal, the

State Highway towards Aurangabad and major district roads of Mohadi and

Shirsoli;

• There is no natural barrier bound by the city to control corridor type of

development. The Development Plan has not made any proposal to address this


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-48


issue proposing a circular or ring road to contain the corridor type of

development.

• Lack of basic services such as good surfaced roads, drainage system and social

infrastructure within the old municipal limit and proposed additional area.

• Lack of concrete proposals in Development Plan. The DP was prepared in 1993

for Jalgaon is more a guideline document and presents only the proposed land

use for the estimated urbanisable land and future land requirements. Detailing

out the Development Plan and implementation of the detailed plans are left to

the respective authority such as JCMC & Town Planning of Jalgaon. This has

resulted in a situation where the Development Plan neither has any concrete

development proposals nor has it incorporated any inter or intra departmental

proposals viz, proposals through MHADA and MIDC that would require major

parcels of land to be reserved for specific purpose.

• Institutional duplication of efforts: While the Town Planning Department of

Jalgaon prepares the Development Plan, the implementation of the same is

carried out by JCMC. However, in this entire process, JCMC has limited role.

6.3: CITY INVESTMENT PLAN, STRATEGIES AND IMPLEMENTATION PLAN

Based on the understanding of issues and long term vision set out for urban development of

Jalgaon, this chapter presents sector wise goals, objectives, strategies and projects. The projects

in each sector have been identified based on two criteria: (a) the feedback of various

stakeholders during the CDP preparation process; and (b) current and future demand and supply

gaps projected through the CDP preparation process.

The strategies adopted primarily aim at enhancing service delivery by efficiency measures, by

creating infrastructure and improving the governance aspects of the Municipal Corporation of

Jalgaon. This section summarizes the capital investments required for creating infrastructure

assets and various strategic interventions essential in the implementation of such projects.

6.3.1: City Investment Plan (CIP)

The City Investment Plan involves planning of identified and prioritized investments. The

scheduling or phasing of the plan is based on studies of fiscal resources availability (for new

investments and O&M), technical capacity for construction and O&M and the choice of specific

improvements to be carried out for a period of six years. The CIP is needed for:


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-49


• Realization of city growth and a meeting of infrastructure needs (to be carried out once

every five years)

• Scheduling of investments of ongoing projects due to cost and/ or time overruns

• Assigning of priorities within the constraints of available financial resources

6.3.2: Institutionalizing the CIP process

The City Investment Plan is an important element of the CDP and is significant in terms of the

city’s management process and sustainability with regard to the delivery of basic services. The

CIP also provides a framework for the annual budget cycle of JCMC for the future 7 year period

and a long term strategy for the next 25 years. In Jalgaon JCMC is the primary agency

responsible for delivering municipal services and hence the CDP proposals ought to be

implemented by JCMC.

6.3.3: Overall Design Framework for Jalgaon

Jalgaon city requires an integrated approach towards future development and upgradation of the

physical infrastructure. At present covering an urbanized area of 44.92 sq.km plus urbanizable

area of 16.26 sq.km a total extent of 61.18sq.km by 2031. The design period of UIDSSMT

scheme has been taken as 25 years with the starting base year of 2006.

The CIP takes into account the existing situation analysis which outlines the various issues faced

by the city in the sectors of water supply, sewage and sanitation, drainage, solid waste

management, roads, heritage-tourism, development of lakes and urban renewal areas. The road

sector forms one of the most critical parameters in determining the pattern of development of

cities. The proposed Outer Ring Road has been planned with regard to future urbanization and

avoids traffic flow within the city centre. The arterials & sub arterial can be interlinked with

Ring Roads as a radial pattern and followed by the grid iron type for minor road and street

roads.

The Water supply sector investment estimated based on the present and future population plus

coverage, water supply estimates for the next 25 years is all inclusive of residential, commercial,

industrial and institutional use. The design of the sewerage system takes into account of

population & area, the provision of sewage treatment plants will be based on the 80% capacity

of roads, provision of public toilet facilities - especially to areas occupied by the urban poor.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-50


Drainage networks have been considered based on the estimates for future road networks and

the network of existing drains. The existing drains of within the city will be used exclusively for

storm water runoffs and augmentation and upgradation; existing drains plus new drains would

be constructed in urbanizable area. Solid waste management plan considers collection, transfer

stations, transport and disposal of waste, including municipal solid waste (household and

commercial), industrial and bio-medical waste. The plan takes into account establishment of a

compost plant, scientific landfill and augmentation of the existing bio-medical waste plant. The

plan incorporates preparation of master plan for long-term preservation and maintenance of

natural environment of Jalgaon through an integrated approach including low-lying areas and

rain water harvesting ponds & lakes and green lands.

6.3.4: Summary of Investment

The total estimated capital investment required for providing efficient services to the present and

future population of Jalgaon city by the year 2031 is Rs. 2179.75 Crores at constant prices. As

can be observed from the table below, the Road sector holds more, followed by Sewerage and

Sanitation, Water Supply, Basic Services for the Urban Poor, etc. The phasing wise allocation of

each sector based on the existing developed area and urbanizable area for the planning origin of

2031.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________6-51


Total Capital Investment Needed

Table 6.15: Investment Phasing

Sr.

No.

SECTORS Investment

Cost

(Rs in Crores)

% Sector

wise of

Total

1. Roads 948.05 44.98

2. Water supply 292.08 13.86

3. Sewerage & sanitation 217.02 10.30

4. Storm water drainage 332.83 15.79

5. Soild waste management 89.00 4.22

6. Urban renewal 23.89 1.13

7. Environmental & preservation of water

bodies

11.69 0.55

8. Heritage conservation 11.32 0.54

9. Basic services for urban poor 181.80 8.63

TOTAL 2107.68 100.00


Percentage wise allocation of capital Investments


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6.4: Institutional Services

Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is the primary institution for providing civic services and

planning and developmental services within the municipal area. The Town Planning Department

of Jalgaon is the primary institutions involved in preparation of Development Plan and services

relating to Planning and physical developmental services outside the municipal limits. All the

core municipal services, their design and implementation are within the domain of JCMC. The

table below maps the scope and extent of responsibilities of the City Corporation.

Table 6.16: Institutional Services Responsibility Matrix

Sr. No. Service/ sector Planning & Design Execution &

Enforcement

O&M

1. Department of Town Planning

(DTP) DTP& JCMC JCMC JCMC

2. Water Supply JCMC JCMC JCMC

3. Sewerage & Sanitation

JCMC & Maharashtra

Jeevan Pradhikarn (MJP) JCMC JCMC

4. Storm Water Drainage JCMC JCMC JCMC

5. Roads – National Highways JCMC JCMC & PWD JCMC & PWD

6. Street lights JCMC JCMC JCMC

7. Solid Waste Management JCMC JCMC JCMC

Source: City Development Plan –UIDSSMT

The BPMC Act has entrusted JCMC the responsibility for the maintenance, operation and

development of certain public utilities in the city. Each institution operates under different and

independent constitutional provisions/ acts and that the administered areas are different from the

jurisdictional areas. The same is brought out in the following section. Institutional overlap of

service delivery is also elaborated under each respective sector of infrastructure assessment

chapter.

Table 6.17: Role of planning departments in city development

Department of Town Planning

(DTP)

Providing physical planning and preparing and notifying Development Plan

for the region.

Jalgaon Municipal Corporation Providing planning and developmental services including the civic services


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____________________________________________________________________6-53


(JCMC) within the municipal area. Property tax coverage is under JCMC. l

City & Industrial Development

Corporation (CIDCO)

CIDCO plays the role of developing housing complexes and hands them over

for further maintenance & operation to the Municipal Corporation and also

funding to provide basic civic amenities to all.

Maharashtra Industrial

Development Corporation

(MIDC )

Development and Planning within notified Industrial area and water supply

within MIDC. However Development of sewerage system in residential area

within MIDC is under JCMC. Internal Road Development is under MIDC but

subsequent Maintenance & Operation is under JCMC as is property tax

coverage of the area.

Maharashtra Housing & Area

Development Authority

(MHADA)

MHADA has also developed sites for Housing for low and middle-income

group after area Developed internally they are being covered by JCMC.

MHADA is also Nodal agency for housing activity in slum areas.


Table 6.18: Role of other Government and Parastatal agencies in city development

National Highways / National

Highways Authority of India

(NHAI)

NH-6 is passing through JCMC area. Their planning and Maintenance &

Operation is looked after by Respective Division of National Highway.

Maharashtra Jeevan Pradhikaran

It is a State Govt. undertaking for the appraisal of all projects related to water

supply, sewerage & sanitation, solid waste management and storm water

drains. In case of any difficulty related to Environment project, Regional chief

Engineers of MJP are supposed to be consulted.

Forest Depart In the Corporation limit some areas are reserved for forest, all decisions

regarding development & planning here are taken by the Forest Department.

Dist. Court

Court Building office premises and residential quarters are under Revenue

Department. Planning and Development rests with PWD Department. The

external services are managed by JCMC.

Railways

Western and Central Railway pass through the center of the city. They look

after all planning and development activity pertaining to the railway and

implements them. Construction of ROB, RUB etc, will be a joint effort

between JCMC & Railways.

MSRTC

A Govt. of Maharashtra undertaking and is mainly involved in intercity

transport. However, along with their major activity they are looking after city

Bus service. All planning development and implementation aspects related to

city Bus Transport is concerned is looked after by them.

Police Depart

Police Department deals with Traffic control & Management within the city.

JCMC co-operates for any specific reservations for police stations and other

purposes.

State PWD

The PWD is in charge for construction and maintenance of assets such as Rest

houses, Government building, Circuit house, along with State Highways.

Maharashtra State Electricity

Distribution Company (MSEDC)

Supply and O&M of electrical energy required for various purposes rests with

MSEDC. JCMC Co-ordinates with selection of the location of the sub stations

and Transformer location within the city area.


Chapter 7: Analysis of Situation and Conclusions

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_____________________________________________________________________7-1


7. Analysis of Situation and Conclusions

7.1: ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION – WHY AND HOW?

Environmental degradation is a result of the dynamic inter play of socio- economic, institutional

and technological activities. Environmental changes may be driven by many factors including

economic growth, population growth, urbanization, intensification of agriculture, rising energy

use and transportation. Poverty still remains a problem at the root of several environmental

problems.

7.1.1: Social Factors

7.1.1.1: Population: Population is an important source of development, yet it is a major source

of environmental degradation when it exceeds the threshold limits of the support systems.

Unless the relationship between the multiplying population and the life support system can be

stabilized, development programmes, howsoever, innovative are not likely to yield desired

results. Population impacts on the environment primarily through the use of natural resources

and production of wastes and is associated with environmental stresses like loss of biodiversity,

air and water pollution and increased pressure on arable land. India supports 17 per cent of the

world population on just 2.4 per cent of world land area. Its current rate of population growth at

1.85 per cent continues to pose a persistent population challenge. In view of the linkages

between population and environment, a vigorous drive for population control need hardly be

over emphasized. Near about same problem in the area of Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation,

Jalgaon is observed.

7.1.1.2: Poverty: Poverty is said to be both cause and effect of environmental degradation. The

circular link between poverty and environment is an extremely complex phenomenon. Inequality

may foster un-sustainability because the poor, who rely on natural resources more than the rich,

deplete natural resources faster as they have no real prospects of gaining access to other types of

resources. Moreover, degraded environment can accelerate the process of impoverishment,

again because the poor depend directly on natural assets. Although there has been a significant

drop in the poverty ratio in the country from 55 percent in 1973 to 36 percent in 1993-94, the

absolute number of poor have, however, remained constant at around 320 million over the years.

Acceleration in poverty alleviation is imperative to break this link between poverty and the


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-2


environment. In Jalgaon district high as well as low class population is observed. The poverty

level of Jalgaon causes environmental degradation.

7.1.1.3: Urbanization: Lack of opportunities for gainful employment in villages and the

ecological stresses is leading to an ever increasing movement of poor families to towns. Mega

cities are emerging and urban slums are expanding. There has been an eightfold increase in

urban population over 1901-1991. During the past two decades of 1971-91, India’s urban

population has doubled from 109 million to 218 million and is estimated to reach 400 million by

2010 AD. Such rapid and unplanned expansion of cities has resulted in degradation of urban

environment. It has widened the gap between demand and supply of infrastructural services such

as energy, housing, transport, communication, education, water supply & sewerage and

recreational amenities, thus depleting the precious environmental resource base of the cities. The

result is the growing trend in deterioration of air and water quality, generation of wastes, the

proliferation of slums and undesirable land use changes, all of which contribute to urban

poverty. During the past two decades of 1971-91 and 1991- 2001 rapid growth of urban slums

has been expanded in the city and it is somewhat responsible for environmental degradation.

7.1.2: Economic Factors

To a large extent, environmental degradation is the result of market failure, that is, the non-

existent or poorly functioning markets for environmental goods and services. In this context,

environmental degradation is a particular case of consumption or production externalities

reflected by divergence between private and social costs (or benefits). Lack of well defined

property rights may be one of the reasons for such market failure. On the other hand, market

distortions created by price controls and subsidies may aggravate the achievement of

environmental objectives in Jalgaon area of Khandesh region.

The level and pattern of economic development also affect the nature of environmental

problems. India’s development objectives have consistently emphasized the promotion of

policies and programmes for economic growth and social welfare. Between 1994-95 and 1997-

98, the Indian economy has grown a little over 7 percent per annum: the growth of industrial

production and manufacturing averaging higher at 8.4 percent and 8.9 percent respectively

during these years. The manufacturing technology adopted by most of the industries has placed

a heavy load on environment especially through intensive resource and energy use, as is evident


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-3


in natural resource depletion (fossil fuel, minerals and timber), water, air and land

contamination, health hazards and degradation of natural eco-systems. With high proportion

fossil fuel as the main source of industrial energy and major air polluting industries such as iron

and steel, fertilizers and cement growing, industrial sources have contributed to a relatively high

share in air pollution. A large quantity of industrial and hazardous wastes brought about by

expansion of chemical based industry has compounded the wastes management problem with

serious environmental health implications.

7.1.2.1: Traffic and Transport: Transport activities have a wide variety of effects on the

environment such as air pollution and noise from road traffic. Transport infrastructure in India

has expanded considerably in terms of network and services. Thus, road transport accounts for a

major share of air pollution load in cities such as metropolitan cities and also impacted on

Jalgaon like cities.

7.1.2.2: Agriculture Development: Direct impacts of agricultural development on the

environment arise from farming activities which contribute to soil erosion, land salination and

loss of nutrients. The spread of green revolution has been accompanied by over exploitation of

land and water resources, and use of fertilizers and pesticides have increased many fold. Shifting

cultivation has also been an important cause of land degradation. Leaching from extensive use

of pesticides and fertilizers is an important source of contamination of water bodies. Intensive

agriculture and irrigation contribute to land degradation particularly salination, alkalization and

water logging.

7.1.3: Institutional Factors

The Ministry of Environment & Forests (MoEF) in the Government is responsible for

protection, conservation and development of environment. The Ministry works in close

collaboration with other Ministries, State Governments, Pollution Control Boards and a number

of Scientific and Technical Institutions, Universities, Non-Governmental Organizations etc.

Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 is the key legislation governing environment management.

Other important legislations in the area include the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 and the

Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972. The weakness of the existing system lies in the enforcement

capabilities of environmental institutions, both at the centre and the state. There is no effective

coordination amongst various Ministries/Institutions regarding integration of environmental

concerns at the inception / planning stage of the project. Current policies are also fragmented


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-4


across several Government agencies with differing policy mandates. Lack of trained personnel

and comprehensive database delay many projects. Most of the State Government institutions are

relatively small suffering from inadequacy of technical staff and resources. Although overall

quality of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) studies and the effective implementation of

the EIA process have improved over the years, institutional strengthening measures such as

training of key professionals and staffing with proper technical persons are needed to make the

EIA procedure a more effective instrument for environment protection and sustainable

development.

7.1.3.1: Environmental Aspects: The ecological and environmental view of sustainable

development places emphasis on preserving the resilience and dynamic ability of biological and

physical systems to adapt to change. The preservation of biodiversity allows the system to retain

flexibility by protecting it from external disasters. These shocks, when they occur, often result in

the loss of biodiversity. The interconnection between natural resource degradation and increased

vulnerability to natural catastrophe emphasizes the need for preventive measures to limit

pollution and natural resource loss.

While stressing the importance of the preservation of biological diversity it should also be

recognized that biodiversity conservation does not require the preservation of all species, or the

static maintenance of current environmental conditions. An evolutionary system requires that a

level of biodiversity be maintained that will guarantee the resilience of the ecosystem on which

human consumption and production, and therefore human welfare, depend. Therefore, what is

essential is the preservation of basic environmental assets, especially air, water and soil quality

within Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation area.

7.2: TOWN PLANNING

Jalgaon city has experienced rapid urbanization in the last decade and a half, with population

growth and an increase in urbanized extent of the city. The city thus, faces an enormous demand

for quality civic infrastructure. Apart from being highly strained on essentials like water,

drainage and sewerage, Jalgaon faces other common challenges like accumulation of garbage,

traffic congestion, deteriorating roads and pollution.

Having formulated the vision for a structured development of the city, it would be binding for

Jalgaon city to commit to institutional and financial reforms to create and attract resources for

providing adequate infrastructure and effective public-private partnerships for delegated


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-5


maintenance in the urban infrastructure sector. This would also boost the city’s character as an

investment destination. Industry too has a responsibility and a larger role to play in urban

governance by adopting a more proactive approach.

7.2.1: Roads: The National Highway No.6 and State highways SH-6, SH-184 and SH-186 pass

though Jalgaon City and hence the National Highways Authority of India (NHAI) and the Public

Works Department (PWD) Government of Maharashtra are responsible for the provision and

maintenance of roads within Jalgaon City along with the Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation

(JCMC). The Road Structure in Jalgaon City does not reveal that of a planned system.

Hierarchies between major and minor roads have not been maintained in terms of ‘Rings and

Radials’ and a consistent pattern of connectivity between arterials and sub arterials need to be

achieved.

The available road length in Jalgaon city is 430 km (this includes the National and State

Highways within the city area) and the road density is 1.16 meter per person. The types of roads

cover the whole spectrum from unsurfaced (WBM) to bitumen surfaced and cement concrete

category. There is a variation in the degree of usage of different roads within the city. Roads

such as the ones in the Gaothan area (small lanes and by lanes) are today the least frequently

used and fall into the category of least maintained roads in the city. The average speed on the

roads is between 15 – 30 kmph and falls into the safe zone as of today. Majority of the delays

are caused at interchanges / junctions that require improvement.

Table 7.1: Key infrastructure development status of roads

Sr.

No.

Road categories Carriage way

width (m)

Directional

capacity (PCU/hr)

Roads length

in km

Percentage of

total route length

1. Six lane divided 19.0 – 21.0 5400 34.40 8%

2. Four lane divided 14.0 – 18.0 3600 64.50 15%

3. Three lane divided 7.0 – 11.0 2200 163.90 38%

4. Two lane divided 5.5 – 7.0 1100 64.50 15%

5. One lane divided 3.0 – 5.5 600 103.20 24%

Total 430.00



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_____________________________________________________________________7-6


Table 7.2: Road length in Jalgaon (Bhusawal region)

Sr. No. Type of roads Length in km

1. National Highway - 6 171.60

2. State Highway 977.10

3. Major District Roads 1115.69

4. Other District Roads 752.35

5. Village Roads 3146.81

Total 6163.55

Source: Public Works Department, Jalgaon

Table 7.3: Detail information about roads of Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Types of road Length of road in km

1. Tar 276.88

2. Cement concrete 46.55

3. Metalled 83.17

4. Others 57.00

Total 463.60


7.2.1.1: Parking: There are 13 Pay and Park vehicle lots available in Jalgaon city. The total

capacity of these parking lots is 240 nos. for two wheelers where as 250 nos. for four wheelers.

Table 7.4: Detail information regarding parking lots

Sr. No. Name of parking lots Capacity

No. of two wheelers No. of four wheelers

1. Nehru statue, Near Durga Sari center 20 20

2. Near wall of Padyalaya rest house 20 25

3. Near wall of Polytechnic school 30 30

4. Near JCMC Fire station 50 25

5. Near Jain Brothers to Chicken Market 00 20

6. Near Post-office to Telegraph office 25 20

7. Open space opposite Pancham hospital 00 20

8. Near lane opposite to hotel Moraco 00 20


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-7


9. Western side of Civil court, Near J.T.

chamber

10 10

10. Eastern side of Jain brothers B. J. market 25 25

11. Eastern side of Balgandharva Open Theatre 50 25

12. Near west side wall of S.T. Workshop for

Heavy vehicles

10 10

Total 240 250


7.2.2: Open Spaces: The play grounds have been distributed suitably to enable the residence to

reach them easily. These play grounds provide the facility to all the residents and is not

restricted only to the school going children as in case of playground attached to schools. Parks

and garden sites have also been suitably distributed to enable all the residents to enjoy this

essential amenity. Children’s playground has been provided for smaller areas. Extended area has

existing 540 layout open spaces evenly distributed in the entire area of the town except Gaothan

(villages). Few of them have been properly fenced and developed. The planning standards are

required to provide area of open spaces / playgrounds at 0.4 hectare per 1000 population.

7.2.3: Gardens in Jalgaon City: Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation (JCMC) has received

environmentally rich area. The process of calculation of trees in its area has been started by the

JCMC. The task of tree protection and garden development has been successfully undertaken

and completed by Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation.

Table 7.5: Gardens in Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation

Sr. No. Garden’s Name Address Area (sq. m.)

1. Mahatma Gandhi Udyan Near new S. T. stand 17,086

2. Shivaji Udyan Near Mehrun lake 16,000

3. Dr. Shamaprasad Udyan Opposite Jilha Parishad 15,385.70

4. Dixit Wadi Garden Near Civil Hospital 2,343

5. Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Udyan Near Khwajamiya Darga 9,354.25

6. Bahinabai Udyan Near Prabhat Colony Chowk 12,000

7. Shahunagar Garden Cs. No. 275, Jalgaon 17,914

8. Garden Near Dr. Kaduskar’s Home Final plot no. 474, T.P. Scheme no. 2 2,300

9. Ramdas Colony Garden Sr. no. 69, Cs. No. 494, Mehrun 7,600

10. Gadgebaba Udyan Balgandharva Open Theatre 1,744

11. Garden Near Ambedkar Market Sr. No. 109, Plot no. 381/A, TP

scheme no. 2

2,900

12. Parikhpark Udyan Behind new S. T. stand 2,574.40


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-8


13. Hemukalani Garden Near Sindhi colony 10,455

Source: JCMC, Jalgaon

7.2.4: WATER CONSERVATION

There is a lesser-known tank within the Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation’s limits known as

the Ambadzara Tank, which shows signs of neglect and contamination. The preservation and

maintenance of this water body combined with the drainage systems to which it connects is

essential for maintaining a healthy environment in the city.

7.2.4.1: Ongoing Initiatives: Augmentation to Jalgaon Water Supply Scheme Stage V,

Phase –I is an ongoing project from the water source of Waghur dam, located 16 km southeast

of Jalgaon city. The scheme proposes to serve as a secondary source of water supply to the city

whose population by 2030 is projected to be 8, 76,700 persons, with a water supply requirement

of 149 MLD. The scheme is planned at a total cost of Rs. 159.25 Crores (Rs. 25.00 Crores -

Government of Maharashtra, Rs. 47.55 Crores - State Government – Department of Irrigation

and remaining Rs. 84.26 Crores - JCMC through a loan from HUDCO).

Table 7.6: Water Requirement

Particulars

Year

2001 2015 2030

Population 326500 541000 876700

Per capita supply (LPCD) 200 200 200

Gross Water Requirement 65.3 MLD 108.2 MLD 175.34 MLD

Source: Jalgaon Water Supply Scheme stage-V phase-I – Volume–I by J.V. Sharma, Engineers & Contractors

7.2.4.2: Augmented Water Supply Scheme:

• Pure Water Leading Gravity Mains: Pure water leading mains ranging from

600 mm to 1500 mm dia. Pipes of PSC and MS pipes total length about 7772

meters. Pure water will be supplied to the existing GSR at Girna Taki, and

proposed new 10 ESRs.

• New GSR, Sump, Pumping Machinery and Rising mains: Ten numbers of

new ESRs have been proposed in this scheme with the capacity of 31.3 million

liters.

• Water Treatment Plant: The total plant capacity of 130 MLD.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-9


• Distribution System: Reframing & redesigning the estimates based on the

location of Elevated Storage Reservoir (ELRs) and capacity.

7.3: HOUSING

Housing industry of India is growing at a tremendous speed. Number of housing development

companies / contractor are coming up and investing in residential property. Investment in

residential and commercial projects is bringing huge profits to these housing companies. Non

residential area is much lesser than the residential area. Maximum permissions are given for

construction of residential area.

JCMC has undertaken the construction of shops / offices under self financial scheme at various

location of the city. The work is being carried out under the frame of Maharashtra Municipal

Act, 1965 under clause no. 272. JCMC has proposed to construct 7083 shops during last 10

years at the site reserved for commercial complex in the development plan submitted to the state

government. With the remaining money public utility infrastructure like primary school

building, health centre, water supply, street lights, roads, gutter, garden, housing for

economically weaker sections, etc. was proposed to be built up.

The assessment of physical infrastructure needs have been calculated based on the Development

Plan – 1991, future land use plus growth rate of last decades and projected population in the

planning origin of 2031. The design standard will be considering average density of 200

person/hectares can accommodate the projected population of 8, 55,821 in the origin of 2031.

The land requirements have been estimated based on the average density and projected

population of 4,30,903, 5,30,607, 6,93,214 & 8,55,821 during the origin of 2006, 2011, 2021 &

2031 respectively. The extended area of municipal limits of Jalgaon is divided into 7 sectors; in

proposed land use - 2011 the urbanizable area will be 44.92sq.km plus the addition area

requirement for 2031 is 16. 26 sq.km. The total area is divided into three phases they are; 1). Old

municipal limits – 11.45 sq.km, 2). Extended limit (44.92-11.45) 33.47 sq.km and 3).

Additional urbanizable area is 16.26 sq.km.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-10


Table 7.7: Statement Showing the Proposed area requirement for 2011

Sector

No.

Area in hectares Proposed

Residential Area

in hectares

Population – 2011 that

can be accommodated

200 persons / hectares.

I. 788.37 240.29 48058

II. 993.45 772.20 15440

III. 547.41 482.15 96430

IV. 601.93 257.46 51492

V. 1441.69 341.01 68202

VI. 178.00 141.35 28270

VII. 1128.00 612.55 122510

Total 5678.85 2847.01 569402


7.3.1: Slum Improvement (Indecent Locality Reformation): Main reasons of increase in

slums are population increase and migration of people. Unemployed needs shelter when they

come from villages to city for searching jobs. Because they do not know anybody and have less

payment, they do not get confirm shelter, as a result temporary arrangement of residents is done

in the open grounds, lumber and other open places. As industrialization increased in Jalgaon,

slum areas are also increasing in the city. It becomes impossible for JCMC to provide primary

facilities to the people that are living in slum area. Water, electricity, education, gutter, toilets

and mobile medical facilities, etc. are provided by JCMC to the slum holders. JCMC

implements various schemes to elevate the standard of living of these people.

7.3.2: Slum Upgradation Schemes in Jalgaon: The Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is

responsible for providing basic services in slum areas within the municipal limit. The Municipal

Corporation had availed finance from HUDCO under the Integrated Urban Development Project

for Small and Medium Towns and had identified 3 slums for the provision of serviced plots and

core housing. HUDCO had given a loan of Rs. 2.489crores in 1987 for this purpose. 2,000 units

were constructed at a rate of Rs.15, 000 per unit where 90% or Rs.13, 500 were borne by the

scheme and the remaining Rs. 1500 was borne by the resident. The loan was given at 7% per

annum with a repayment of Rs.100 to Rs.110 per month for 22 years.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-11


7.3.3: List of Ongoing Schemes and Programmes - EWS Housing Project: This housing

project was started in the year 2000 and the project was completely financed by HUDCO.

However, due to litigation the project has been stopped. JCMC is now planning to complete this

project through the IHSDP scheme, with an additional 10,000 new units. Before this scheme,

JCMC had already completed 3,710 units & 1,550 units from proposed 11,424 units. In all 5,260

units were constructed & allotted to slum dwellers.

Table 7.8: Ongoing schemes and programmes

Sr.

No.

Name of Slum No of

Houses to be

Constructed

Tender cost

with T.P

Present Status

1. Tambapura 1616 1342.26 Not yet started

2. Phukatpura 380 303.72 At plinth level

3. Shivaji Nagar 808 747.21 726 completed & allotted

4. Mehrun Gaothan 916 737.44 RCC framed structure completed

5. Samatha Nagar 2390 1913.90 At GF slab level

6. Khanderao Nagar 1912 1536.22 588 completed & allotted at GT-

Slab & some are all ff linked

7. Harivitthal Nagar 2234 1780.98 156 completed & allotted other

are at GF slab level

8. Khedi 480 388.28 80 completed & allotted at GF

lintel level

9. Asoda Road Valmiki

Nagar

688 521.52 GF link level

Total 11424 9271.53

Lakhs


Tambapura, Bhimnagar, Ambedkar nagar, Mangwada, Bhilwada and old cattle bazaar have been

notified by the municipal corporation for slum improvement under the Maharashtra Slum Area

Improvement and Clearance Act, 1971. The municipal corporation has identified 3 slum areas in

the extended areas those are Samatha Nagar, Harivitthal Nagar and Khanderao Nagar.

According to 1981 census, number of dwelling units in these areas was 7,138 and population

housed was 32,965 where as about 22.7% population of the city lived in slums. As per the 1991


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census, the percentage population in Jalgaon was 14.86 % and the density was 18,642 / sq. km.

As per 2001 census, about 62,696 Jalgaon populations lie in slums and constitute about 17% of

the total population of the city. According to the survey conducted by the JCMC about 25 slum

settlements have been identified as declared slums and about 5 settlements have been identified

as undeclared slums in Jalgaon city. More than 75% of the slums are concentrated within the

core area and rests were located in sub-urban areas. Nearly 10,240 hutments were located in

Jalgaon city, comprising of about 51,147 people living in slum area. The list of declared and

undeclared slums in Jalgaon city is as indicated in the following table –

Table 7.9: List of declared / authorized slums in Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation

Sr.

No.

Declared slums as per gazette Date in gazette No. of

hutments

No. of people

1. Tambapura 26-11-87 2262 11000

2. Sanjay Gandhi Nagar 26-11-87 212 944

3. Indira Gandhi Nagar (Shahunagar) 23-01-87 380 1569

4. Ambedkar Nagar 07-04-88 138 627

5. Samatha Nagar 07-04-88 950 5000

6. Khanderav Nagar 07-04-88 600 2954

7. Harivitthal Nagar 11-01-90 900 4403

8. Gopalpura 11-01-90 145 673

9. Ambedkar Nagar Punarvasan 18-07-92 165 897

10. Shanipeth Gurunanak Nagar 18-07-92 175 880

11. Chowdule Plot 18-07-91 566 2289

12. Jhakni Nagar 18-07-91 75 456

13. Phukat Pura Panchsheel Nagar 05-01-95 850 3126

14. Janaki Nagar Tukaram Wadi 04-01-96 588 2817

15. Indira Nagar Khedi 25-01-96 88 402

16. Kasamwadi 04-01-96 365 1660

17. Dhathwadi 25-01-96 138 836

18. Bhilwadi Mehrun 04-01-96 70 317


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-13


19. Between Rajiv Gandhi Nagar and

Harivitthal Nagar 25-12-97 165 897

20. Panjra Pol Bunkarwadi 25-12-97 283 1277

21. Indira Nagar Jhopadpatti 25-12-97 61 2245

22. Dangalgrasth Colony 25-12-97 67 447

23. Shahunagar A- 90 25-12-97 89 530

24. Lakshmi Nagar Kanaldha Road 25-12-97 377 1176

25. Khedi Dandekarnagar 25-12-97 88 480

Total 9486 47902


Table 7.10: List of undeclared / un-authorized slums in Jalgaon City Municipal

Corporation

Sr. No. Un - declared slums No of hutments No. of people

1. Dandekar Nagar 140 575

2. Balaji Peth 74 352

3. Shanipeth Dalphad 42 154

4. Valmiki Nagar (Asoda road) 200 908

5. Dandekar Nagar Railway Hae 298 1266

Total 754 3245


Table 7.11: Social infrastructure in the slums

Sr. No Name of Slum Name of School Primary Schools Secondary Schools

1. Gendalal Mill MNC No.15 1 -

2. Tambapura MNC No. 08, 16, 41 and 2 Urdu Schools 3+2 1

3. Harivitthal Nagar MNC No. 23, 42 and 2 Jijamatha Primary 2+2 1

4. Jainabad MNC No. 41 New Balvikas Primary 1 -

5. Shahu Nagar MNC No. 09, 12 2 -


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_____________________________________________________________________7-14


6. Samata Nagar MNC No. 21 1 -

Total 14 2

Source: Education Dept. Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation

7.3.4: Gunthewari System: Gunthewari development means plots formed by unauthorized

subdivision of privately owned land, with buildings, if any, on such plots, including excess

vacant land under the Urban Land (Ceiling and Regulation) Act, 1976, not vested in the state

government, but excluding land under encroachment. One Guntha means 101.00 sq.m. and the

plots are generally unauthorized, sold in measure of gunthas particularly in western

Maharashtra. Therefore, such type of development is being termed as Gunthewari Development.

In Maharashtra, such type of development is in existence on large scale particularly in major

cities like Nagpur, Pune, etc. The main reasons behind this are rapid urbanization, large scale

migration to major cities and incapability of government agencies to provide them housing with

affordable limits. These unauthorized layouts have come into existence since long and many

plots have been constructed upon. Considering the magnitude of these unauthorized

developments it was practically impossible to remove these developments. On the other hand, it

was not possible for the authorities to provide infrastructure to the residence of the unauthorized

layouts. This situation has come to an end because of the inception of Gunthewari Development

Act.

In Maharashtra, the Gunthewari Development (Regularization, Upgradation and Control)

Ordinance, 2001has firstly come into force on 30th April 2001 and subsequently it was replaced

by the act.

Jalgaon City Municipal Corporation is situated in 68.00sq.km. and was established on 21st

March 2003 approximately after two years of implementation of Gunthewari Development Act,

2001. Under Maharashtra Gunthewari Development Act 2001, Mehrun and Jalgaon Shivar, if

combined will be near about 3500-4000. Gunthewari System is not implemented for Pimprala,

Khedi, Nimkhedi and Avhane Shivar. The revenue generated before and after implementation of

JCMC as administrative and development tax is Rs.1, 09,301/- for year 2007-08 and Rs.6,

23,315/- for 2008-09.

From 2007-08 three cases have been completed and in 2008-09 fifteen cases has been

implemented. Public and architectures /licence holders can easily go for Gunthewari System for


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-15


which a particular format of form has been published and sold .Till date 80 forms has been sold

as per the government charges submitted to JCMC.

Table 7.12: Maximum limit for levying development charges

Sr. No. Particulars Municipal

Corporation

A

class

M.C.

B

class

M.C.

C

class

M.C.

Special

Development

Authorities

Others

1.

a.

b.

c.

d.

Compounding Fee (Rs./sq.m)

Unauthorized plots

Extra construction than

permissible F.S.I. (Basement,

mezzanine, enclosed balcony)

Marginal infringement

Construction of canopy over and

above permissible limit

25/-

100/-

50/-

10/-

20/-

80/-

40/-

08/-

15/-

60/-

30/-

06/-

10/-

40/-

20/-

04/-

25/-

100/-

50/-

10/-

05/-

20/-

10/-

02/-

2.

a.

b.

c.

Development charge (Rs./sq.m)

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

240/-

360/-

480/-

200/-

300/-

400/-

160/-

240/-

320/-

90/-

126/-

180/-

240/-

360/-

480/-

48/-

72/-

96/-

3.

a.

b.

c.

Development charges

(Construction)

Residential

Industrial

Commercial

60/-

90/-

120/-

4. Street light and water supply

charges

Rs. 15/-sq. m

Source: City Development Department, JCMC

7.4: INDUSTRIAL SECTOR

Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) is responsible for the development of

industrial estates / facilities in the state, region and city. It includes major industrial

developments in the three districts of North Maharashtra region. In 1985, a separate industrial

area was established in the southeastern part of city, 1200 industries were set up and 30% of this

land is yet to be occupied. There are 24 large and medium scale industries (agro, textile and

engineering) supporting about 4,500 employees. The total investment of these units is about Rs.

151.55/- Crores as of 2003-04.

7.4.1: Business: Industrially Maharashtra is one of the advanced states in the country. The main

industrial activity is observed in the area of Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation

Estate. There is a cooperative industrial estate adjoining to MIDC area. The state transport

workshop, some service industries and small-scale industries are also running along National

Highway no. 6 near state transport workshop. The two main areas in the city are the Navi Peth


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_____________________________________________________________________7-16


area (2.0 sq.km), which qualifies as the cities central business area and the Shivaji nagar area

(0.5 sq.km) that house many industries. Although these areas serve as the economic hubs of the

city they also face a variety of problems, e.g. the Shivaji Nagar area of the city is very congested

and has a mix of residences and industries. The main central business area of the city is the Navi

Peth area, which is almost completely commercialized. It houses showrooms, wholesale shops

for grains, electronic markets, medicines and hotels that serve as the image of the city. The other

two important areas are the Polan Peth area where commercial use is predominant and is

expected to become 100% commercial in the next few years where as the Baliram Peth area

houses mixed use at the moment and are expected to become 50 % commercial in the next few

years.

Table 7.13: MIDC area of JCMC -

Area Description Zone Number of

industrial

unit

Number of

service

industries

Total

industries

Total Area

(Hectare)

Jalgaon

Industrial

Area

Jalgaon

Industrial

Area

‘D’ 114 24 138 19.00

Additional

Jalgaon

Industrial

Area

‘D’ 1223 252 1475 752.22

Source: MIDC, Jalgaon

7.4.2: Major issues affecting the industrial growth of Jalgaon

• Untreated industrial effluents directly led to the Primary Nalas. As such, there is no

common effluent treatment plant in this area for the treatment of effluent generated from

Large Scale & Small Scale Industrial Units. The hazardous waste dumping in open land

and this area does not have the underground drainage system for collection of industrial

and domestic wastewater.

• Lack of a transportation interchange hub within the MIDC area especially for parking,

loading and unloading etc.

• Inadequate support & hospitality sectors such as hotels and convention centers/

facilities.

• Lack of shared good quality basic infrastructure such as roads, underground drainage


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-17


7.5: TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

Transport facilities are vital to a city’s development as it allows improved connectivity in core

areas and accessibility to areas on its periphery and is significant in the growth and development

of the town. It also serves as the backbone of the town’s economy.

7.5.1: Railways Sector: The first station in the region was set up by the British in 1860 in

Bhusawal. This being the larger division and Jalgaon railway station is included in it. As the

Western and Central Railways both cross the town of Jalgaon, it has the combined advantage of

access and connectivity to cities / towns / areas that both lines provide. The Western railway has

the Bhusawal - Surat passenger, Ahmedabad – Howrah Express, Bangalore Express, Tapi

Express and the Ahmedabad Express. The Central Railways operates about nineteen trains,

which stop at Jalgaon, including the Mumbai – Howrah mail, Karnataka Express, Punjab Mail,

Nashik – Bhusawal Passenger, Dadar – Gorakhpur Express, etc.

7.5.2: Public Transport: The Maharashtra State Road Transport Corporation (MSRTC)

operates bus services within the municipal area and surrounding villages. The old and the new S.

T. stands run about 38 city bus routes and plying about 96 buses. The average utilization of

buses is about 200 km/day. Services are, however, not adequate as they ply mostly within

municipal limits and do not touch other growing centers. Hence, many commuters opt for

intermediate public transport, other than public transport.

Table 7.14: Transportation of Jalgaon district

Railway Length: 350 Km.

Nearest Railway Headquarter/ Division: Central Railway Bhusawal Division is Central Railway's

one of the most important Railway Head Quarter located in

Jalgaon District.

Important Railway Stations in the District:

Bhusawal, Jalgaon, Chalisgaon, Pachora, Amalner, Raver,

Bhadli

State Transport (ST) Buses: ST Buses are available throughout the District.

State Transport Structure: (MSRTC) ST Depot - 11

Permanent Bus Stands - 12

Total Employees - 4,710

Temporary Bus Stands - 7

Passenger Shelters - 19

MLA Fund Shelters - 27

Traffic Control Rooms - 14


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-18


BOT Basis Bus Stand - 1

Connectivity: 98.84% Jalgaon District Connectivity

National Highway Length: 60 Km.

State Highway Length: 140 Km.


7.5.3: Present Status: There is a network of road about 430 km in length in JCMC area. There

are central dividers along major roads. Total length of footpaths and walkways are in progress.

Public transport system in Jalgaon comprises train, bus, taxi and autorickshaws. Yet, JCMC has

not provided their own bus transport service. There are over 4.09 lakh vehicles registered in

JCMC area upto 31st January 2009. This has resulted in traffic problems in certain areas of the

city. JCMC has undertaken programme for improvement of internal roads to reduce the problem

by providing additional lane for left turn, creating turning lane, additional parking space and

signalized traffic to decongest the traffic movement and speed breakers as per direction of court

and confirming the BIS standards.

Table 7.15: Details of motor vehicles in Jalgaon city

Sr. No. Category M.V. population as

on 31/12/08

M.V. population as

on 31/01/09

1. Motor cycles 218427 220254

2. Scooters 40612 40797

3. Mopeds 51640 51678

Total of two wheelers 310679 312729

4. Motor cars 17184 17361

5. Jeeps 6994 7078

6. Station Wagons 539 538

Taxi Cabs 2341 2352

7(a) Meter fitted 0 0

7(b) Tourist cabs 0 0

8(a) A/R Private 2346 2450

8(b) A/R Public 16872 16877

9. Stage Carriages 707 707

10. Cont. Carriages/Mini-bus 269 269

11. School buses 78 78

12. Pvt. Service vehicles 74 74

13. Ambulance 111 114

Goods vehicles 0 0

14. Arti. and Multi vehicles 0 0


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-19


15. Trucks and lorries 5573 5594

16. Tankers 277 277

17. Delivery van (4 Whl.) 4850 4889

18. Delivery van (3 Whl.) 4907 4972

19. Tractors 16515 16633

20. Trailers 15831 15966

21. Others 237 247

Total 406384 409205

Source: RTO, Jalgaon

7.6: HEALTH FACILITY

Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence

of disease or infirmity. Environmental health address all the physical, chemical and biological

factors external to a person and all the related factors impacting behaviours. It encompasses the

assessment and control of those environmental factors that can potentially affect health. It is

targeted towards preventing disease and creating health supportive environments.

The rural population surrounding Jalgaon is entirely dependent on the city for their health

facilities. The number of super specialty hospitals in the city is 4, with 1 government hospital, 4

dispensaries, 6 public health centers, and 203 private hospitals and nursing homes.

Table 7.16: Health facility under JCMC

Sr. No. Facility Numbers

1. Government hospitals 7

2. Dispensaries 4

3. Public health care centers 6

4. Private hospitals 203

5. Pathological labs 15

6. TB labs 4

7. X-ray machines 30

8. Sonography centres 17

9. Blood banks 4

10. Eye banks 2


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-20


11. Operation theatres 133

12. • Number of beds in private hospitals

• Number of beds in government hospitals

• Number of beds in Municipal council hospitals

• Total number of beds hospitals

1243

600

294

2137


7.6.1: Slums with Health Unit Provision:

• Shahunagar Dispensary, Chattrapathi Shahu Maharaj Roganalya in Shahu Nagar

Jhopadpatti.

• Division Dawakhana at Shivaji Nagar, Dada Sahib Bhikamchand Jain. It covers Shivaji

Nagar, HUDCO housing and Genda Lal Mill areas.

• Chetan Das Mehta dispensary covers Tambapura and Kanjarwada

• Prathmik Arogya Kendra HUDCO Dispensary located in Suresh Dada Jain Nagar. It

covers Pimprala and HUDCO areas

• Mohammad Yusuf Aryurvedic Dawakhana.

7.7: RIVERINE SYSTEM OF JALGAON

Two main rivers Girna and Waghur flows from JCMC area and dump into Tapi basin near

Rameshwar village.

7.7.1: Description of Girna River: River Girna originates from Nasik district lies at the west of

Nasik district in Surgana tehsil and flows through Malegaon tehsil. Before reaching to Jalgaon

district, Girna flows northeast and then turn towards north and later northwest and gets lost in

Tapi near Rameshwar village district Jalgaon. Girna river is located 11 km west of Jalgaon

spillway elevation. It has a surface area of 1250 ha. A volume of 4.09 X 107m3 and average

maximum depth is 3.9 to 9 m. Since the watershed is only 194 km, rainfall in the area is less and

no major source of ground water exists. The river is usually below spillway elevation of Girna

dam project. The water flowing in river Girna is usually turbid owing primarily to resuspension

of bottom sediment by wind driven currents and wave action and occasionally by silt.

7.7.2: Description of Waghur River: River Tapi is one of the biggest River in Maharashtra

state. The Waghur River is second bigger tributary of Tapi river on left bank and joins Tapi river

near Bhankheda village about 19 km below Bhusawal Tehsil dist. Jalgaon.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-21


The source of Waghur River is in Ajanta hills, in which world famous Ajanta caves are situated.

It rises at an elevation of 752 m above mean sea level near village Jalki, Tal. Sillod, Dist.

Aurangabad. The length of river from source to confluence is 120 km. and that upto proposed

dam site is 78 km. The catchment area upto the proposed dam site is fan-shaped and it is 2,145

sq.km. (830 sq.miles) out of which major portion lies in Jalgaon district and remaining in

Aurangabad and Buldhana district of Maharashtra state. Catchment area near the source is steep

and hilly and for remaining area it is gently sloping. The tributary nallas also have steep slopes

in upper reaches for considerable distances.

7.8: CONCLUSIONS

The past 100 years have brought unprecedented gains in many ways of the indicators that we use

to gauge progress in human development, from life expectancy to per capita income to

education. During the same period, however, human impact on natural world has risen

dramatically as scope and intensity of human activities has increased.

One of the most serious concerns of Jalgaon’s environment is the mechanism used to manage it.

Different regulators of environment have their own geographical zones or divisions. There is no

mechanism to allow the authority to inform each other about changes taking place in the same

unit of land. This means that the consequence of building permission or birth and death can not

be known to the water department, sewage department, health department, M.S.E.B., gardens

department, election department, the transport department, forest department, employment

department, etc. Each departmental office weather of municipal council, state government or

central government within the same city generate their individual data, experiment, conclusions

and plans for the same parameter under consideration and the regulate a differently growing

distinct zone and the state of the environment continues to deteriorate. Another reason for

concern is the narrow minded and short-sighted perspectives that our primary and secondary

educational systems have not been able to broaden and widen. If a vision for a city cannot exists

beyond short term coalition for money managers, the city will not promote community. Without

a community there cannot be local concern. Without local concern we cannot have voluntary

contribution and participation to improve environment.

The growing scale of urban industrial activity is exacerbating environmental degradation in

developing cities like Jalgaon and increasing the vulnerability of urban dwellers to both natural

and technological disaster. Sustainable development of urban areas requires a balance approach

based on economic, social and environmental criteria. An integrated analytical framework is


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-22


needed to analyze the principal link between unsustainable urban development and vulnerability

especially in cities like Jalgaon. Physical and social impact of the disaster and their economic

value need to be determined. The balance between investment projects, market incentives and

regulatory measures to improve environmental management and reduce vulnerability require

assessment of the relative costs and benefits of these actions. Information availability and

education of urban dwellers as well as risk perceptions and political motivations play a key role.

Constraints at all levels of city governments, especially those that hinder local community

participation and action, are major problems. A major effort is required to encourage urban

administrator to strengthen disaster preparedness, preservation and mitigation; redirect

municipal spending and learn from the experience of other urban communities.

As far as roads are concerned their upgradation and improvement is of due importance in certain

areas of the city. Footpaths are not present especially near colleges and schools and also in

smaller colonies which leads to inconveniences for the pedestrians. Similarly, service roads are

necessary to segregate inter and intra city traffic alongwith footpaths along roads such as

Bhusawal road, Ajanta road, Pachora road, Mohadi road, Kanalda road, Asoda road,

Mamurabad road, NH-6, etc. For conservation of water Rain Water Harvesting should be made

compulsory for new construction alongwith introduction to water harvesting techniques. There

is prerequisite of heritage cell and development of tourist potential of the city. Museums can be

established to showcase the culture and artifacts of the region whereas Sardar gharanas present

in the old city and qualify as heritage. Lack of toilets and clean drinking water in slums is a

major problem occurring at the places. Improvement in such standards would lead to proper

management of sanitation within city and also aid in health concern of the slums. No doubt, the

people living in unauthorized layouts are getting infrastructural facilities like water, roads,

sewers, etc. and living conditions are being upgraded but at the same time the number of

reservations in development plans for physical and social infrastructure is being deleted. This

may lead to deficiency in social amenities in future.

The implementation of JCMC environmental programme is of particular importance in

promoting a sustainable urban environment. Other issues of importance are to strive for greater

integration of socio-economic and environmental matter with the sphere of city governance.

Adequate capacity and funding for environmental awareness is required to promote

environmental sustainability. It has been shown that indigent environmental quality has a

disproportionate impact on the poor, raising issues of environmental justice. Commitments from


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________7-23


political leaders are crucial in the success of endeavours to promote environmental

sustainability.

************

Chapter 8: Environment Management Plan

_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________8-1


8. Environment Management Plan

Sr.

No.

Threats Action points

1. Vision of

JCMC • The vision of JCMC is to empower the community to prosper in a

safe and healthy environment. Its mission is to enhance the quality

of life of all the people in the city through a development system of

local government and the rendering of efficient, effective and

affordable services.

• Accepting that the only way to achieve long term economic progress

is to link it with environmental protection, the JCMC acknowledges

that the state of the environment is critically important to the well

being of the residence of Jalgaon.

2. Population

Growth

and

Urbanization

• Can lead to greater pressure on environmental resources such as

water and open space. Timeous planning is required to provide

adequate infrastructure, especially in informal settlements were lack

of infrastructure leads to water, soil and air pollution. The current

growth rate of informal houses is 10.20% in view of the fact that

25% of total households within Jalgaon are informal, this becomes a

significant issue in the promotion of environmental sustainability.

3. Air and

Noise

Environment

• Un-serviced areas and an ever-increasing number of motor vehicles

on our roads are taking their toll on air quality. The air quality

monitoring network needs to be expanded and an air management

plan should be drawn up for the JCMC area.

• Provision of green belt in and around the city at places like MIDC

area, Nimkhedi shivar, Mahabal colony, etc. along with plantation

besides the roads is to be done.

• To reduce air pollution, improvement in transport infrastructure,

specially roads, improved vehicle design, alternate clean fuels and

better traffic management, is required. Vehicles should be

periodically checked for emissions and PUC system should be made

more effective. City should be provided with CNG/LPG fillings

stations, so that a major portion of the public transport vehicles can

be converted to CNG/LPG. Promotion of mass transport by

improving the condition of existing mass transport system,

encouraging private car pool, etc. will reduce air pollution to a great

extent.

• Measures to reduce indoor air pollution include facilitating access to

clean fuels and electricity in city, reducing the cost of energy

supplied to low-income households, promotion of renewable energy

such as biogas, installation of solar water heaters and other systems.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________8-2


• Need for reviewing the air quality monitoring practiced is to be

emphasized to ensure uniformity, as per standards, throughout the

city. Specific studies required to be carried out to determine the

contribution of sector-specific emission loads at city level to enable

delineation of effective pollution control strategies.

• Source identification and source apportionment are important

exercises to find out the qualitative and quantitative contribution of

various sources. Such exercises have been conducted by researchers

as early as in 1988-89 in Mumbai who recommended them for each

city (Sharma, 1994). It is suggested that such exercises may be

carried out at district/ major city level to find out the quantitative

contribution of each source in city so that abatement strategies could

be designed to focus on major contributors of pollution.

• For reducing air and noise pollution during festivals like Diwali,

authority should promote the concept of mass celebration of

fireworks such as “Hanabi” of Japan. In such system, people

congregate at a common place such as beach, bank of river or a large

water body of one side. On the other side of bank or water body the

fireworks are displayed for on a pre-designated date and time. Such

fireworks are much more safe, enjoyable, economic and reduce air

and noise pollution.

• Construction of Flyover is must as the population of JCMC area is

increasing rapidly. The suggestions of flyover is as follows-

i. Icchadevi square

ii. Akashwani square

iii. Nehru square to Bendale square

iv. Ajanta square

These are the most crammed areas of the city. Above mentioned

areas connects the national highway, state highway, city and

MIDC industrial sector. This is strongly suggested because this

framework would probably decline the chances of frequent

traffic jams occurring at the places, lower the level of air

pollutants and honking of horns as the free flow of vehicles

would be induced and obviously the chances of mishaps shall

also be alleviated.

• Parking is the major issue in crowed places which is required to be

increased as per the need.

4. Water

Resources

and

Sanitation

• Water shortage is a major problem in certain areas of the city and

therefore, it is necessary to introduce a supply and management

strategy. The JCMC should find ways to transfer water from water

surplus basin to water scarce regions. Water conservation measures

such as rain water harvesting and reuse and recycle of wastewater

for irrigation and gardening would reduce the load on civic services.


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________8-3


• Water demand from especially the residential sector is ever

increasing. Water conservation measures must be addressed.

• Tariff levels are uniformly low in JCMC area. To break even in

terms of just the maintenance expenses and staff salaries, the urban

local bodies will probably need to change 2 – 3 times their current

tariffs. JCMC may also think of applying minimum charge for each

household and over and above this use can be billed through meters.

• Installation of dual value in flushing system in toilet at household

level, big society and commercial establishment may be made

compulsory. This will save lot of water used for flushing as water

volume flushed out will be a fixed quantity for which used but as

per requirements.

• Mere provision of facilities has proved to be insufficient to solve the

problems of rural sanitation. Thus, along with promoting integrated

water and sanitation projects, it is necessary to inculcate the concept

of environmental sanitation and personal hygiene amongst the

masses.

• Rain water harvesting and artificial recharging can ease the ground

water crises because it helps in protecting water resources and

assures a constant supply of clean water.

• Recycling of water through sewage treatment plant would help to

solve the problem of water shortage but the city does not consist of

any mechanism for treatment of sewage.

• Ban on discharge of toxic substances by the industries.

• Strict emphasis to any industry to incorporate water pollution control

technologies at the design stages itself.

• Proper maintenance of storm water drainage should be done.

5. Land

Environment • The high quantity of waste generated per capita in JCMC area

pressurizes on water, air and land quality. The problem is further

aggravated by extensive illegal dumping and littering. The principle

of reduce/ reuse / recycle should be actively promoted. Communities

should be educated and services expanded to un-serviced areas. By-

laws, when promulgated, should be enforced strictly.

• Improved design of “waste collection bins (WCBs)” is very much

needed. WCBs which are being used have either one or two

compartments. Instead, the WCBs must be designed to have at least

four or preferably six compartments. Each compartment may be

assigned and marked (both in writing and with pictures) for a


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________8-4


particular type of waste, such as wet, recyclable, paper, glass, plastic

etc. The opening of WCBs must be tilted and comparatively of small

size or better of swinging type. This may discourage people from

throwing the waste from a distance and they may come near to WCB

to drop the waste. Compartmentalized WCB will also encourage

them to put different type of waste in the designated compartment.

• Policies for SWM should be framed using the principle of the 4 R’s

i.e. Reduce, Recover, Reuse and Recycle. The authorities

responsible for collection of waste must ensure that atleast two types

of wastes are collected on each day, one of which must be

biodegradable waste and another could be any other type of non-

biodegradable waste such as recyclables (paper, plastics, metal and

glass) or e-waste items (computer, electric and electronic items, etc.)

or discarded large items such as broken furniture etc. A calendar of

waste collection must be notified by the authorities and people

should be trained to adhere to this schedule for keeping the waste in

the enclosure within their premises as per the calendar. This will

ensure collection of source segregated waste at household level and

facilitate its reuse and recycling. Further, households may be

instructed to keep their waste in enclosures during night hours.

• The responsibility of a clean neighbourhood could be entrusted upon

the locals thereby, both housing and commercial establishment

societies, groups of shopkeepers etc. would be held responsible for

any waste, which is haphazardly dumped in their surroundings. A

heavy fine could be imposed on the defaulting societies /

establishments.

• Public awareness and education should be increased for waste

minimization in purchasing, use and disposal of consumer products.

Such measures may promote the use of simple solutions such as

purchasing goods with less packaging, maintaining and repairing

household appliances and carrying reusable shopping bags instead of

disposable bags.

• There are several socio-economic issues attached to the informal

sector’s participation in SWM. Awarness level of waste pickers and

other stakeholders in informal sector should be increased about

health and hygiene.

• Instead of improper dumping of solid waste the authorities should

use technically planned and sanitary land filling with inorganic

wastes including construction debris by adopting suitable slopes

from stability angle and with due compaction.

• Providing litter bins on road for pedestrians and commuters at a

distance of 25-250 meters. This distance will depend on the area. In

case of croweded areas like market place, railway station, bus stop,


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it can be 25 meters. In case of less crowed area it can extend to even

250 m. An average of 1 litter bin for every 100 m road length can be

considered for planning. Cost of one such bin with installation may

be about Rs. 3,000/-. JCMC may involve sponsors for litter bins.

Litter bin designed and installed by Nagpur Municipal Corporation

may be considered as a model.

• Community collection bin at suitable points may have to be

provided for transferring waste collection from house-to-house

through handcarts or tricycle. In case of skip container of 2.5 cum.,

and skip loader system, one bin for every tone of waste may be

provided. Cost of one bin estimated as Rs. 15,000/-. No such bins

will be required if the waste collected at source is directly

transported to disposal site.

• Collection and transportation of garbage house-to-house collection

of 100% waste is to be ensured.

• The NGOs or associations of rag-pickers or scrap dealers / recyclers

can be given permission to collect dry waste house-to-house at their

own cost with some logistic support. Space for sorting of the waste

so collected, can be provided at the transfer / relay points. A corner

inside the garden, municipal hospital, pumping station can also be

considered.

• House-to-house collection of wet waste can be done using

containerized handcrafts or tricycles or auto rickshaw, etc.

• Contract for segregated wet waste can be given using vehicles such

as tractors trailers / tractor container carrier tipping arrangement.

Such vehicles could take the waste to the local processing site or

directly to the disposal site or where that site is very far, could go to

a transfer station to transfer waste to a bulk refuse carrier vehicle.

• Market waste should be collected separately and preferably put to

biomethanation through a biogas plant or vermicomposting or

aerobic composting.

• Large skip containers and skip loader system can be introduced for a

community use either on demand or establishing collection counter

for debris and construction waste. Fee should be charged for

collection of such purpose.

• Unauthorized dumping on public roads and places should be

prevented through enforcement measures.

• Detailed routing of the transport be done so as to service all the

community collection points and house-to-house collection of solid

waste on day –to-day basis.


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• Transport vehicle should be compatible with storage bins. Manual

and multiple handling of waste should be avoided. The vehicle

should be covered.

• Decentralized processing of waste as far as possible should be

carried within the ward itself through composting / vermicomposting

or biogas generation.

• Unloading of waste should be on a smaller designated area and the

waste should be covered with inert material.

• The proposed landfill should be upgraded in accordance with MSW

rules 2000.

• Infrastructure facilities prescribe in the rules should be provided at

the site.

• The site for additional or alternative sanitary landfill should be

selected through a comprehensive environmental survey and the

authorization of MPCB for the said site should be obtained before

starting its development.

• Use of vermi-compost and organic farming should be encouraged

reducing the use of chemicals, fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides.

6. Biological

Environment

• Avenue plantation with more height and spreading canopies along

the road sides of the National and State highways.

• Landscaping with benches of concrete, hollow pipes, rocks, etc.

• Plantation of flowering and fruit trees with lesser girth spread at the

centre of the road which would avoid them from being cut during

road widening as the centre, will always remain centre of the road.

• Preparation the detailed biodiversity map of the important ecosystem

like forest areas in and around the city.

• Applying methods for restoration and regeneration of degraded

ecosystem and areas like barren lands, marginal waste land, mining

areas and hills through active involvement of local people, NGOs

and other voluntary organization.

• Quantitative and qualitative assessment of the use of fuel wood,

timber and other minor products.

• Plantation of certain timber producing species during the plantation

programme which certainly plays significant role in the economy of

the city e.g. teak, sisam, haldu, bija, chandan, ain, shivan.


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Open- spaces

and Gardens

• Promotion of mixed plantation method, plantation in patches along

the nalas using the nala waters and plantation in slum development

areas adding to the kitchen of the poor.

• Development of seed bank and nursery plant for collection,

preservation and conservation of natural plant diversity is needed.

• Dormancy of seeds, germination percentage, growth rate of

seedlings, etc. should be studied scientifically with the help of

research.

• Promote plantation of fruit trees along the bunds and borders of the

fields, which would promote biodiversity and income to the farmers.

• Educate people to plant fruit trees besides the other ornamental

plants to attract avian.

• For provision of green belt development in the city a list of plant

species has been affixed at the end of chapter.

• Clear guidelines are required to ensure an adequate ratio of open

space versus developed area, thereby promoting biodiversity and

maintaining the green lungs of the city.

• Creation of neighbourhood level open spaces in congested areas.

• Redesigning and development of existing gardens and open spaces.

• Development of a nala park diverting the water of the nalas or

passing through a belt of species of grasses and plants with high

cleansing property e.g. Nala park developed by Pimpri Chinchwad

municipal corporation.

• More appealing system and mosaic pattern of plantation, playing

with plant with different colour flowers, trees with different seasons

of flowering or trees of different heights and canopy spread.

• Development and maintenance of garden by industrialists,

developers and jewelers.

• Landscaping the gardens with rocks, wooden / stone sculptures,

mosaic hedges and shrubby plants in various designs of animals, etc.

• Furnishing gardens with play material for children like more swings,

sliding plate, rope climbing, hideouts, small caves, etc.

• In the development of Jalgaon city truck terminal grounds, hospitals,

crematorium, etc. should be developed as it is an essential


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Bio-diversity

Management

requirement of the city.

• Due to ever increasing pressure for development, the bio-diversity is

under threat. The status of indigenous and threaten species has to be

determined and bio-diversity management plan needs to be

compiled.

7. Socio

Economic

Environment

• To remain as the leading city in state, Jalgaon has to pay an

increased attention on it socio-economic and environmental sectors.

The city should gear up to harness its entrepreneurial, financial,

managerial and administrative resources to achieve higher levels of

human development and to grow at a sustainable rate of 8 to 10 %

per annum. This would require enlarging the scope of the private

sector, which may improve both availability of infrastructure and

efficiency through competition. Political willingness to implement

the reforms can enable the city to access more funds from the central

schemes as has been the case with some other city corporations.

• Integration of some of the infrastructure schemes such as

construction of roads with the employment and income generation

programmes may help in the alleviation of poverty. Medical

facilities and provisions should also be upgraded. The infrastructure

facilities especially power, road network, etc. should be improved.

Privatization of distribution of power and water may help in

reducing transport and developing losses, leakages and unauthorized

connections.

• There is a need to provide more and efficient irrigation facilities

such as properly managed watershed development programmes, drip

and sprinkler irrigation systems, etc. Improvement in agricultural

productivity and diversification of the traditional patterns of

horticulture, animal husbandry etc., is also required.

• Department of Industries should introduce such schemes, which

focus on total quality management resulting in quality improvement,

cost reduction, higher productivity. For industrial development in the

backward regions of the city, better institutional support should be

provided. Systematic planning, which involves sustainability, local

participation and ecological conservation is required to boost the

tourism industry in the city. A marketing strategy is required to

address the needs of domestic and international tourists and

publicize the potential of Jalgaon through appropriate media.

• The city has done well in reducing IMR and overall death rate but

health and nutrition still has to be a thrust area. For reducing the

regional imbalances, an improvement in social infrastructure, equity

and human development in backward regions of the city is

recommended. Mere provision of services is not enough and

authorities should conduct health awareness programmes, to educate


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Agriculture

people about health and hygiene and take advantage of government

schemes.

• Increasing growth in slum population has to be checked and

provision of housing for needy and other poor sections of the society

should be a priority. The JCMC may take help of private sector and

NGOs, in order to improve housing and reduce slums. However,

housing project must be discouraged in open spaces, on hills, or on

wastelands. Instead, builders may be asked to focus on slum

redevelopment schemes. If required, additional benefits such as

extra FSI, financial help in the form of loans, etc. may be provided

to encourage the builders in such schemes.

• Environmental education and awareness require a significant

capacity building in all sub-sectors of local environment and at all

levels such as schools, colleges, community, government,

stakeholders, etc.

• We suggest to establish an Environment Cell for management of

overall environment of the city by JCMC.

• Agriculture provides great opportunities in terms of enhancing food

security and promotion of local economic and social development.

The development potential of agriculture should be formally

assessed, coupled with a soil potential atlas.

• Increase per hector yield by introducing environmentally sustainable

high yield technologies.

• Develop agriculture export processing zone for value added

products.

• Develop hi-tech agro estates with focus on horticulture and

biotechnology.

• Establish an agro-info-exchange for latest development in

agricultural practices and technologies.

• Develop general storage & specialized storage and encourage R & D

programs for agro farming & agro based industry.

• Setup agricultural information exchange, agro management institute

alongwith encouragement and update of agricultural information

extension.

• Demonstration and R & D station for horticulture, biotechnology,

culture development, seed technology, biofertilizers, etc.

• Introduce and promote organic farming and organic produce for


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Energy

Management

Housing

Provision

more sustainable aims.

• Develop, encourage R & D and promote alternative & appropriate

technologies for farming and irrigation.

• Mixed cropping need to be promoted and emphasized.

• Plantation along the hedges and land dividers would add both to the

income of the farmers and biodiversity of the area.

• With expansion of the electricity distribution network, many

opportunities arise to incorporate greener electricity and reduction of

electricity use by retrofitting and solar heating devices. The

sustainable energy for environment and development programme

can provide valuable inputs.

• The current drive to equip adequate housing provides many

opportunities to integrate the principles of green building in the

design there-off, as well as opportunities for urban agriculture. A

cost benefit analysis of probable options should be undertaken.

8. JCMC

Development

Challenges

• To address an inequitable service delivery reality located in a highly

inefficient urban form.

• To meet, in a sustainable manner, the developmental needs of a

predominantly indigent population requiring support.

• To revitalize and grow the local economy so as to provide a

livelihood and dignity for all.

• To maintain and nurture our ecological resource base, especially in

view of the overwhelming economic and social needs.


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For provision of green belt development in Jalgaon city a list of plant species to be

developed is as follows -

Sr. No. Scientific Name Marathi Name

1. Acacia chundra Khair

2. Acacia leucopholoea Hiwar

3. Acacia nilotica Babhul

4. Adensonia digita Gorakh chinch

5. Anthocethalus cadanda Kadamb

6. Annona squamosa Sitaphal

7. Azadirachta indica Kadunimb

8. Bombax ceiva Katesawar

9. Butea frondosa Palash

10. Barleria priontis Koranti

11. Bougainviella spectabilis Bogenwel

12. Bridelia retusa Asana

13. Boswellia serrate Salai

14. Caesalpinia sepiaria Chilar

15. Caesalpinia pulcherrima Sankasur

16. Callistemon lamceolatus Lal kunchala

17. Cieba pentandra Dolkathich jhad

18. Cocos nucifera Naral

19. Capparis deciduas Nepti

20. Carvia callosa Karvi

21. Cestrum nocturmum Ratrani

22. Duranta repens Duranta

23. Eugenia jambolana Jambhul

24. Ficus bengalensis Wad

25. Ficus religosa Pimpal

26. Ficus glomeranta Umbar

27. Ficus carica Anjir

28. Garcinia talbotii Phansada

29. Holoptelia integrifolia Vavia

30. Hasminum species Jai-jui

31. Loranthus iongiflorus Bandgul

32. Magnifera indica Amba

33. Muntinzia calabura Singapur cherry

34. Mechelia Chafa

35. Moringa oleifera Shewaga

36. Ponthos species Money plant

37. Pithicolobium dulce Vilayati chinch

38. Pongamia pinnata Karanj

39. Psidium guajava Peru

40. Polyanthia longifolia Panache ashok

41. Quissqualis indica Madhu malti

42. Santalum album Chandan

43. Typha angustata Ramban gawat

44. Terminalia chebula Hirda

45. Tectona grandis Sag

46. Terminalia cattapa Badam

47. Tamarindus indicus Chinch

*************

Chapter 9: List of Annexure

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9. List of Annexure

LIST OF ANNEXURE

Annexure no. Description

ANNEXURE –I Environmental legislations

ANNEXURE-II Ambient Air Quality Standards (NATIONAL)

ANNEXURE-III Noise: (Ambient Air Quality Standards)

ANNEXURE-IV Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules,1999

ANNEXURE – I

ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS

India has a wide array of Environmental legislations. Some of these Acts, Rules and Regulations are as per the

following:

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974.

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1983.

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977.

• The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Rules, 1978.

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981.

• The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1983 .

• The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (2001).

• The Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 (2000).

• The Hazardous Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 (2000).

• Public Hearing Notification.

• The C.R.Z Rules (2000).

• Environmental Impact Assessment Notification (2000).

• Rules on Emergency Planning, Preparedness and Response for Chemical Accidents, 1996.

• The Manufacturing, Storage and Import of Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989 (2000).

• The Bio-medical Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 (2000).

• Recycled Plastics Manufactures and Uses Rules, 1999 .

• Notification on Use of fly ash, bottom ash or pond ash in the manufacture of bricks and other construction

activities, 2000.

• MUIE and S of Hazardous Organism, Genetically Engineered Micro-organisms or cells, Rules, 1989.

• The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.

• Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000.

• The Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.


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• The Batteries (Management and Handling) Rules, 2001.

• Criteria for FINISHED LEATHER as Environment Friendly Product.

• Organic Waste Management, 1998.

• The Public Liability Insurance Act, 1991.

• The Public Liability Insurance Rules, 1991.

• The National Environment Tribunal Act, 1995.

• The National Environment Appellate Authority Act, 1997.

The details of the latest development regarding the Environmental legislations can be obtained by visiting the site of

Ministry of Environment and Forest, Government of India’s website http://envfor.nic.in/

ANNEXURE – II

AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS (NATIONAL)

Pollutants Time

weighted

average

Sensitive area Industrial

area

Residential

Rural and

Other area

Method of

measurement

Sulphur

dioxide (SO2)

Annual

average*

15µg/m3 80µg/m3 60µg/m3 Improved West and

Greake Method

24 hours** 30µg/m3 120µg/m3 80µg/m3 Ultraviolet

Fluorescence

Oxides of

Nitrogen as

NO2

Annual

average*

15µg/m3 80µg/m3 60µg/m3 Jacob and

Ochheiser Modified

(Na -Arsenite)

Method

24 hours** 30µg/m3 120µg/m3 80µg/m3 Gas Phase

Chemilumloescence

Suspended

Particulate

Matter

Annual 70µg/m3 360µg/m3 140µg/m3 High Volume

Sampling (Average

flow rate not less

than 1.1 m3/minute)

24(SPM)

hours**

100µg/m3 500µg/m3 200µg/m3

Respirable

Particulate

Matter (RPM)

(size less than

10 µm)

Annual* 50µg/m3 120µg/m3 60µg/m3 Respirable

particulate matter

sampler

24 hours** 75µg/m3 150µg/m3 100µg/m3

Lead (Pb) Annual* 0.50µg/m3 1.0µg/m3 2.0µg/m3 ASS Method after

1.00 µg/m3

sampling using


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_____________________________________________________________________9-3


EPM 2000

equivalent filter

paper

0.75µg/m3 1.5µg/m3 4.0µg/m3

Carbon

Monoxide

(CO)

8 hours** 1.0mg/m3 5.0mg/m3 2.0mg/m3 Non dispersive 4.0

mg/m3 infra red

Spectroscopy

1 hour 2.0mg/m3 10.0mg/m3 4.0mg/m3

*Annual Arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform

interval.

**24 hourly / 8 hourly values should be met 98% of the time in a year. However, 2% of the time, it may exceed

but not on two consecutive days.

NOTE:

1. National Ambient Air Quality Standard: The levels of air quality with an adequate margin of safety to protect

the public health, vegetation and property.

2. Whenever and wherever two consecutive values exceed the limit specified above for the respective category,

it would be considered adequate reason to institute regular / continuous monitoring and further

investigations.

ANNEXURE – III

NOISE: (AMBIENT AIR QUALITY STANDARDS)

Area Classified Area Limit in dB (A) Leq

Day Time Night Time

A Industrial Area 75 70

B Commercial Area 65 55

C Residential Area 55 45

D Silent Zone 50 40

Note: 1 - Day time is reckoned in between 6 am to 10 pm.

Note: 2 - Night time is reckoned in between 10 pm to 6 am.

Note: 3 - Silence zone is defined as areas upto 100 meters around such premises as hospitals, educational

institutions and courts. The silence zones are to be declared by the Competent Authority. Use of vehicular horns,

loudspeakers and bursting of crackers shall be banned in these zones.

Note: 4 - Mixed categories of areas be declared as “one of the four above mentioned categories by the Competent

Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply.


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ANNEXURE - IV

MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS NOTIFICATION

New Delhi, 25th September 2000

S.O.908 (E), whereas the draft of the Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1999 were

published under the notification of the Government of India in the Ministry of Environment and Forests no. S.O.

783(E), dated, the 27th September 1999 in the Gazette of India, Part II, Section, Sub Section (ii) of the same date

inviting objections and suggestions from the person likely to be affected hereby, before the expiry of the period of 60

days from the date on which the copies of the Gazette containing the said notification are made available to the

public:

And whereas copies of the said Gazette were made available to the public on the 5th October 1999.

And whereas the objections and suggestions received from the public in respect of the said draft rules have been duly

considered by the central Government;

Now therefore, in exercise of the powers conferred by the Section 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act,

1986 (29 of 1986), the Central Government hereby makes the following rules to regulate the management and

handling of the municipal solid wastes, namely -

1. Short title & commencement

(1) These rules may be called the Municipal solid wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000

(2) Save as otherwise provided in these rules, they shall come into force on the date their

publication in the Official Gazette.

2. Application

These rules shall apply to every municipal authority responsible for collection, segregation,

storage, transportation, processing & disposal of municipal solid wastes.

3. Definitions

In these rules, unless the context otherwise requires-

(1) “anaerobic digestion” means a controlled process involving microbial decomposition of

organic matter in the absence of oxygen;

(2) “authorization” means the consent given by the Board or committee to the operator of a

facility;

(3) “biodegradable substance” means a substance that can be degraded by microorganisms;

(4) “biomethanation” means a process which entails enzymatic decomposition of the organic

matter by microbial action to produce methane rich biogas;

(5) “collection” means lifting & removal of solid wastes from collection points or any other

location;

(6) “collection” means a controlled process involving microbial decomposition of organic matter;

(7) “demolition & construction wastes” means waste from building materials debris & rubble

resulting from construction, re-modeling, repair & demolition operation;


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(8) “disposal” means final disposal of municipal solid wastes in terms of specified measures to

prevent contamination of ground-water, surface-water & ambient air quality;

(9) “from” means a from appended to these rules;

(10) “generator of wastes” means persons or establishments generating municipal solid wastes;

(11) “land filling” means disposal of residual solid wastes on land in a facility water & air fugitive

dust, wind-brown litter, bad odour, fire hazard, bird menace pests or rodents, green house gas

emissions, slope instability & erosion;

(12) “leachate” means liquid that seeps through solid wastes or other medium & has extracts of

dissolved or suspended material from it;

(13) “lysimeter” is a device used to measure rate of movement of water through or from a soil

layer or is used to collect percolated water for quality analysis;

(14) “municipal authority” means Municipal Corporation, Municipality, Nagar palika, Nagar

Nigam, Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Council including notified area committee (NAC) or any

other local body constituted under the relevant statutes & where the management & handling

of municipal solid waste is entrusted to such agency;

(15) “Municipal solid wastes” includes commercial residential wastes generated in a municipal or

notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but

including treated bio-medical wastes;

(16) “Operator of a facility” means a person who owns or operates a facility for collection,

segregation, storage, transportation, processing & disposal of the municipal solid waste &

also includes any other agency appointed as such by the municipal authority for the

management & handling of municipal solid wastes in the respective areas;

(17) “Peletisation” means a process where by pellets are prepared which are small cubes or

cylindrical pieces made out of solid waste & includes fuel pellets which are also referred as

refused derived fuel;

(18) “Processing” means the process by which solid wastes are transformed into new or recycled

products:

(19) “recycling” means the process of transforming segregated solid wastes into raw materials for

producing new products, which may or may not be similar to the original products;

(20) “schedule” means a schedule appended to these rules;

(21) “segregation” means to separate the municipal solid waste into the groups of organic,

inorganic, recyclable and hazardous waste;

(22) “State Board or the Committee” means the state pollution control board of state, or as the

case may be, the pollution control committee of a union territory;

(23) “Storage” means the temporary containment of municipal solid waste in a manner so as to

prevent littering, attraction to vectors, stray animals and excessive foul odour;

(24) “Transportation” means conveyance of municipal solid waste from place to place

hygienically through specially designed transport system so as to prevent foul odour, littering,

unsightly, conditions and accessibility to vectors;

(25) “Vadose water” water which occurs between the ground, surface and the water table that is

the unsaturated zone;


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_____________________________________________________________________9-6


(26) “vermi-composting” is a process of using earthworms for conversion of biodegradable waste

into compost.

4. Responsibility of municipal authority

(1) Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area of the municipality, be responsible

for the implementation of the previous of these rules, and for any infrastructure development

for collection, storage, segregation, transportation, processing and disposal of municipal solid

wastes.

(2) The municipal authority or an operator of a facility shall made and application in form – 1

for grant of authorization for setting a waste processing and disposal facility including

landfills from the state board or the Committee in ordered to comply with the implementation

programme laid down in Schedule I.

Schedule I

[See rules 4(2) and (3)]

IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE

Sr.No Compliance Criteria Schedule

1. Setting up of waste processing and disposal facilities 31.12.2003 or earlier

2. Monitoring the performance of waste Processing and

disposal facilities

3. Improvement of existing landfill sites as per these rules Once in six months

4. Identification of landfill sites for future use and

making s

By 31.12.2001 or earlier

Following criteria shall be taken into account while establishing and maintaining storage facilities, namely: -

(1) Storage facilities shall be created and established by taking onto account quantities of waste

generation in a given area and the population densities. A storage facilities shall be so placed

that it is accessible to users;

(2) Storage facilities to be set up by municipal authorities or any other agency shall be so

designed that waste stored are not exposed to open atmosphere and shall be aesthetically

acceptable and user friendly;

(3) Storage facilities or ‘bins’ shall have; easy to operate design for handling, transfer and of

waste. Bins for storage of bio-degradable waste shall be painted green, those for storage of

recyclable waste shall be painted white and those for storage of other waste shall be painted black;


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_____________________________________________________________________9-7


(4) Manual handling of waste shall be prohibited. If unavoidable due to constrains, manual

handling shall be carried out under proper precaution with due to care for safety of workers.

Vehicles used for transportation of a waste shall be covered. Waste should not be visible to public, not exposed to

open Environment preventing their scattering. The following criteria shall be met, namely: -

(1) The storage facilities set up by the municipal authorities shall be daily attended for clearing of

waste. The bins or the containers whereever placed shall be cleaned before they start over

flowing;

(2) Transportation vehicles shall be so designed that multiple handling of waste, prior to final

disposal, is avoided.

Municipal authorities shall adopt suitable methodology or combination of such technologies to make use of waste so

as to minimize the burden on landfill. Following criteria shall be adopted, namely –

The biodegradable waste shall be proceed by

(1) Composting, vermicomposting, anaerobic digestion or any other appropriate biological processing for stabilization

of wastes. It shall be ensured that compost or any other end product shall comply with standards as specified in

schedule- IV;

(2) Mixed waste containing recoverable resources shall follow the route of recycling. Incineration with or without

energy recovery including pelletization can also be used for processing waste in special cases. Municipal authorities

or the operator or a facility wishing to use other state of the standards laid down before applying for the grant of

authorization. Land filling shall be restricted to non-biodegradable inert waste and other waste that are not suitable

either for recycling or for biological processing. Land filling shall also be carried out for residues of the waste

processing facilities as well as pre-processing rejects is found unsuitable for waste processing. Under unavoidable

circumstances or till installation of alternate facilities, land filling shall be done with following proper norms. Land

fill sites shall meet the specifications as given in schedule - 111.

(3) The municipal authority shall comply with these rules as per implementation schedule laid down in schedule I.

(4)The municipal authority shall furnish its annual report form – II.

a. To the secretary in charge of the department of Urban Development of the concerned state ore as the case

may be of the Union territory, in case of the metropolitan city, or

b. To the district magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner concerned in case of all other towns and cities,

with a copy to the State Board or the committee on or before the 30th day of June every year.


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_____________________________________________________________________9-8


5. Responsibility of the state govt. and the Union territory administrations

The secretary in charge of the Department of Urban development of the concern state or the Union territory, as the

case may be, shall have the overall responsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of these rules in the metro-

polities cities.

The district Magistrate or the Dy. commissioned of the concern district shall have the overall responsibility for the

enforcement of the provisions of these rules within the territorial limits of their jurisdiction.

6. Responsibility of the CPCB and the State Board or the committees

1.The state board or the committee shall monitor the compliance of the standards regarding ground water,

ambient air , leachate quality and the compost quality including incineration standards as specified under

schedules II, III and IV.

2.The state board or the committee, after the receipt of application from the municipal authority or the

operator of a facility in form I, for grant of authorization, for setting up waste processing and disposal

facility including landfills, shall examine the proposal taking into consideration the views of other agencies

like the state Urban Development the Town and Country Planning Department, Airport or Airbase

Authority, the Ground Water Board or any such other agency prior to issuing the authorization.

3.The state board of the committee shall issue the in form III to the municipal authority or an operator of a

facility within 45 days stipulating compliance criteria and standards specified in schedules II, III and IV

including such other conditions, as may be necessary.

4. The authorisation shall be valid for a given period and after validity is over, a fresh authorization shall be

required.

5. The CPCB shall co-ordinate with the State Boards and the Committees with particular reference to

implementation and review of standards and guidlines and compilation of monitoring data.

6 Management of municipal solid waste.

(1) Any municipal solid waste generated in a city or a town, shall be managed and handled in

accordance with the compliance criteria and the procedure laid down in schedule II.

(2) The waste processing and disposal facility to be set-up by the municipal authority on

their own or through an operator of a facility shall meet the specification and standards as

specified in Schedules III and IV.

7. Annual reports

(1). The State Boards and the Committees shall prepare and submit to the CPCB an annual report with regard to

the implementation of these rules by the 15th September every year in form IV.


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_____________________________________________________________________9-9


(2). The CPCB shall prepare the consolidated annual review report on management of municipal solid wastes

and forward it to the Central Government along with its recommendations before the 15th of December every

year.

8. Accident reporting

When an accident occurs at any Municipal Solid Wastes collection, segregation, storage, processing, treatment and

disposal facility or land fill site or during the transportation of such waste, the Urban Development Department in

metropolitan cities and to District Collector or Deputy Commissioner in all cases.

Schedules III

[See rules 6(1) and (3), 7 (2)]

SPECIFICATIONS FOR LANDFILL SITES

Site Selection

1. In areas falling under the jurisdiction of ‘Development Authorities’ it shall be the responsibility

of such Development Authorities to identify the landfill sites and hand over the sites to the

concerned municipal authority for development, operation and maintenance. Elsewhere, the

responsibility shall lie with the concerned municipal authority.

2. Selection of landfill sites shall be based on examination of environmental issues. The

Department of Urban Development of the State or the Union Territory shall co-ordinate with the

concerned organization for obtaining the necessary approvals and clearances.

3. The landfill site shall be planed and designed with proper documentation of a phased

construction plan as well as a closure plan.

4. The landfill sites shall be selected to make use nearby waste processing facility. Otherwise,

wastes processing facility shall be planed as an integral part of the landfill site.

5. The existing landfill sites, which continue to be used for more than 5 years, shall be improved in

accordance of the specification given in this schedule.

6. Bio-medical wastes shall be disposed of in accordance with the Bio-Medical Wastes

(Management and Handling) Rules, 1998 and hazardous waste shall be managed in accordance

with the Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 as amended from time to

time.

7. The landfill site shall be large to last for 20 to 25 years.

8. The landfill site shall be away from habitation clusters, forest areas, water bodies, monuments,

National parks, wetlands and places of important cultural, historical or religious interest.

9. A buffer zone of no development shall be maintained around land fill site and shall be

incorporated in the Town Planning Departments’ land use plans.


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_____________________________________________________________________9-10


10. Land fill site shall be away from air port including airbase. Necessary approval of air port or

airbase authorities prior to setting up of the landfill site shall be obtained in cases where site is to

be located within 20 km. of an airport or airbase.

Facilities at the site

11. Landfill shall be fenced or hedged and provided with proper gate to monitor incoming vehicles or other

modes of transportation.

12. The landfill site shall be well protected to prevent entry of unauthorized persons and stray animals.

13. Approach and other internal roads for free movement of vehicles and other machinery shall exist at the

landfill site.

14. The landfill site shall have wastes inspection facility to monitor wastes brought in for landfill, office

facility for record keeping and shelter for keeping equipment and machinery including pollution monitoring

equipments.

15. Provisions like Weight Bridge to measure quantity of wastes brought at landfill site, fire protection

equipment and other facilities as may be required shall be provided.

16. Utilities such as drinking water (preferably bathing facilities for the workers) and lighting arrangements for

easy landfill operations when earned out in night hours shall be provided.

17. Safety provisions including health inspections of workers at landfill sites shall be periodically made.

Specifications for landfilling

18. Wastes subjected to land filling shall be compacted in thin layers using landfill compactors to achieve

high density of the wastes . In high landfill areas where heavy compactors cannot be used, alternative

majors shall be adopted.

19. Wastes shall be covered immediately or at the end of the each working day with minimum 10 cm. of

soil, inert debris or construction material till such time waste processing facilities for composting or

recycling or energy recovery are set up as per Schedule-1.

20. Prior to the commencement of monsoon season, an intermediate cover of 40-60 cm thickness of soil

shall be placed on the landfill with prior compaction and grading to prevent infiltration during monsoon.

Proper drainage berms shall be constructed to divert run off away from the active cell of the landfill.

21. After completion of landfill, a final cover shall be designed to minimize infiltration and erosion. The

final cover shall meet the following specification, namely -

a. The final cover shall have a barrier soil layer comprising of 60 cms of clay or amended soil with

permeability coeffiecient less than 1* 10* 7cm/sec.

b. On top of the barrier soil layer, there shall be a drainage layer of 15 cm.


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_____________________________________________________________________9-11


c. On the top of the drainage layer there shall be a vegetative layer of 45 cm to support natural plant growth

and to minimize erosion.

Pollution prevention

22. In order to prevent pollution problems from landfill operations, the following provisions shall be made,

namely;

a. Diversion of storm water drains to minimize leachate generation and prevent pollution of

surface water and also for avoiding flooding and creation of marshy condition;

b. Construction of non-permeable lining system at the base and walls of waste disposal area for

landfill receiving residues of waste processing facility or mixed waste or waste having

contamination of hazardous materials (such as aerosols, bleaches, polishes, batteries, waste oils ,

paint products and pesticides) minimum linear specification shall be composite barrier having 1.5

mm high density poly ethylene ( HDPE) geo membrane or equivalent over laying 90 cm of soil

(clay or amended soil ) having permeability coefficient not less than 1*10*-7 cm /sec. The highest

level of water table shall be at least 2m below the base of clay or amended soil barrier layer.

c. Provision of management of leachate collection and treatment shall be made. The treated

leachate shall meet standard specified in schedule – IV.

d. Prevention of run-off from landfill area entering any stream, river, lake or pond.

Water Quality Monitoring

23. Before establishing any landfill site, baseline data of ground water quality in the area shall be collected

and kept in record for future reference. The ground water quality within 50 meters of the periphery of

landfill site shall be periodically monitored to ensure that the ground water is not contaminated beyond

acceptable limits as decided by Ground Water Board of the State Board or the Committee. Such monitoring

shall be carried out to cover different seasons in a year i.e. summer, monsoon and post monsoon period.

24. Usage of ground water in and around landfill sites for any purpose (including drinking and irrigation) is

to be considered after ensuring it’s quality. The following specifications for drinking water quality shall

apply for monitoring purpose, namely:

Sr.No. Parameters IS 10500:1991 Desirable limit (mg/lit

except for pH)

1. Arsenic 0.05

2. Cadmium 0.01

3. Chromium 0.05


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________9-12


4. Copper 0.05

5. Cyanide 0.05

6. Lead 0.05

7. Mercury 0.001

8. Nickel --

9. Nitrate as NO3 45.00

10. pH 6.5-8.5

11. Iron 0.3

12. Total Hardness as CaCO3 300.0

13. Chlorides 250

14. Dissolved solids 500

15. Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH) 0.001

16. Zinc 5

17. Sulphate (as SO4) 200

Ambient Air Quality Monitoring

25. Installation of landfill gas control system including gas collection system shall be made at landfill site to

minimize odour generation, prevent off site migration of gases and to protect vegetation planted on rehabilitated

landfill surface.

26. The concentration of methane gas generated at landfill site shall not exceed 25% of the lower explosive

limit (LEL).

27. The landfill gas from the collection facility at a landfill site shall be utilized for either direct thermal

application or power generation, as per viability. Otherwise landfill gas shall be burnt (flared) and shall not

be allowed to directly escape to the atmosphere or for illegal taping. Passive venting shall be allowed if its

utilization or flaring is not possible.

28. Ambient air quality at the landfill site and at the vicinity shall be monitored to meet the following specified

standards, namely:


_______________________________________________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________9-13


Sr. no. Parameters Acceptable level

1. Sulphur dioxide 120 µg/m3 (24 hrs.)

2. Suspended particulate matter 500 µg/m3 (24 hrs.)

3. Methane Not to exceed 25% of the lower

explosive limit (equivalent to 650

µg/m3 )

4. Ammonia daily average (sample duration 24 hrs.) 0.4 µg/m3 (400 microgram/m3)

5. Carbon monoxide 1 hour average: 2 mg/m3

8 hour average: 1 mg/m3

29. The ambient air quality monitoring shall be carried out by the concerned authority as per the following

schedule, namely:

a. Six times in a year for cities having population of more than 50 lakhs.

b. Four times in a year for cities having population between 10 and 50 lakhs.

c. Two times in a year for cities or town having population between 1 and 10 lakhs.

Plantation at landfill site:

30. A vegetative cover shall be provided over the completed site in accordance with the following

specifications, namely:

a. Selection of locally adopted non-edible perennial plants that are resistant to drought and extreme

temperatures shall be allowed to grow;

b. The plants grown be such that their roots do not penetrate more than 30 cms. This condition shall

apply till the landfill is stabilized;

c. Selected plants shall have ability to thrive on low nutrient soil with minimum nutrient addition;

d. Plantation to be made in sufficient density to minimize soil erosion.

Closer of landfill site and post-care

31. The post-closer care of landfill site shall be conducted for at least 15 years and long term monitoring or

care plan shall consist of the following, namely;

a. Maintaining the integrity and effectiveness of final cover, making repairs and preventing run-on

and run-off from eroding or otherwise damaging the final cover;

b. Monitoring leachate collection system in accordance with the requirement;

c. Monitoring of ground water in accordance with requirements and maintaining ground water

quality;


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_____________________________________________________________________9-14


d. Maintaining and operating the landfill gas collection system to meet the standards.

32. Use of close landfill sites after 15 years of post-closure monitoring can be considered for human settlement

or otherwise only after ensuring that gaseous and leachate analysis comply with the specified standards.

Special provisions for hilly areas

33. Cities and towns located on hills shall have location-specific methods evolved for final disposal of

solid waste by the municipal authority with the approval of the concerned State Board of the

Committee. The municipal authority shall setup processing facilities for utilization of

biodegradable organic wastes. The inert and non-biodegradable waste shall be used for building

roads or filling up of appropriate areas on hills. Because of constrains in finding adequate land in

hilly areas, wastes not suitable of road-laying or filling up shall be disposed of in specially

designed landfills

Schedule IV

[See rules 6(1) and (3), 7(2)]

STANDARDS FOR COMPOSTING, TREATED LEACHATE AND INCINERATION

1. The waste processing or disposal facilities shall include composting, incineration, pelletization, energy recovery

or any other facility based on state of art technology duly approved by the Central Pollution Control Board.

2. In case of engagement of private agency by the municipal authority, a specific agreement between municipal

authority and the private agency shall be made particularly, for supply of solid waste and other relevant terms and

conditions.

3. In order to prevent pollution problems from compost plant and other processing facilities, the following shall be

complied with, namely -

i) The incoming wastes at site shall be maintained prior to further processing. To the extent possible, the

waste storage area should be covered. If, such storage is done in an open area, it shall be provided with

impermeable base with facility for collection of leachate and surface water run-off into lined drains leading

to leachate treatment and disposal facility;

ii) Necessary precautions shall be taken to minimize nuisance of odour, flies, rodents, birds menace and fire

hazard;

iii) In case of breakdown or maintenance of plant, waste intake shall be stopped and arrangements be

worked out for divergence of waste to the landfills site;

iv) Pre-process and post-process rejects shall be removed from the processing facility on regular basis and

shall not be allowed to pile at the site. Recyclable shall be routed through appropriate vendors. The non-

recyclable shall be sent for well designed landfill sites.


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_____________________________________________________________________9-15


v) In case of compost plant, the window area shall be provided with impermeable base. Such a base shall be

made of concrete or compacted clay, 50 cm thick, having permeability coefficient less than 10*-7 cm/sec.

The base shall be provided with 1to2 % slope and circled by line drains for collection of leachate or surface

run-off.

vi) Ambient air quality monitoring shall be regularly carried out particularly for checking odour nuisance at

downwind direction on the boundary of processing plant.

vii) In order to ensure safe application of compost, the following specifications for compost quality shall be

made, namely -

Parameters Except

pH value and C/N ratio

Concentration not to exceed (mg/kg

dry basis)

Arsenic 10.00

Cadmium 5.00

Chromium 50.00

Copper 300.00

Lead 100.00

Mercury 0.15

Nickel 50.00

Zinc 1000.00

C/N 20 to 40

pH 5.5 to 8.5

viii) Compost (final product) exceeding the above stated concentration limits shall not be used for food

crops. However, it may be utilized for purposes other than growing food crops.

4. The disposal of treated leachate shall follow the following standards, namely -

Sr.

No.

Parameter Inland

surface water disposal

Standards (mode of disposal)

Public Sewers Land

1. Suspended solids, mg/l max 100 600 200

2. Dissolved solids (inorganic)

mg/l max

2100 2100 2100

3. pH value 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 5.5 to 9.0 -

4. Ammonical nitrogen as N,

mg/l max

50 50 -

5. Total Kjehldal nitrogen as N

mg/l max

100 - -


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_____________________________________________________________________9-16


6. BOD mg/l max 30 350 100

7. COD mg/l max 250 - -

8. Arsenic as (As), mg/l max 0.2 0.2 0.2

9. Mercury as (Hg), mg/l max 0.01 0.01 -

10. Lead as (Pb), mg/l max 0.1 1.0 -

11. Cadmium as (Cd), mg/l max 2.0 1.0 -

12. Total Chromium as (Cr), mg/l

max

2.0 1.0 -

13. Copper as (Cu), mg/l max 3.0 3.0 -

14. Zinc as (Zn), mg/l max 5.0 15 -

15. Nickel as (Ni), mg/l max 3.0 3.0 -

16. Cyanide as (CN), mg/l max 0.2 2.0 0.2

17. Chloride as (Cl), mg/l max 1000 1000 600

18. Fluoride as (F), mg/l max 2.0 15 -

19. Phenolic compound as

(C6H5OH), mg/l max

1.0 5.0 -

Note: While discharging treated leachates into inland surface waters, quantity of leachates being discharged and the

quantity of dilution water available in the receiving water body shall be given due to the consideration.

5. The incinerators shall meet the following operating and emission standards namely -

A. Operating Standards

a. The combustion efficiency (CE) shall be at least 99 %

b. The combustion efficiency is computed as follows -

% CO2

CE = .......................... X 100

% CO2 + % CO


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_____________________________________________________________________9-17


B. Emission Standards

Sr. No. Parameters Concentration mg/N

m3 at (12% CO2

correction)

1. Particulate matter 150

2. Nitrogen oxide 450

3. HCl 50

4. Minimum stack height shall be 30

meters above ground

-

5. Volatile Organic Compound in ash

shall not be more than

0.01%

Note:

1. Suitably designed pollution control devices shall be installed or retrofitted with the incinerator to

achieve the above emission limits, if necessary.

2. Wastes to be incinerated shall not be chemically treated with any chlorinated disinfectants.

3. Chlorinated plastic shall not be incinerated.

4. Toxic metals in incineration ash shall be limited within the regulatory quantities as specified in the

Hazardous Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 1989 as amended from time to time.

5. Only how sulphur fuel like LDO, LSHS, Diesel shall be used as fuel in the incinerator

*************

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