ENVIRONMENTEL STUDIES (21100007)ENVIRONMENTEL STUDIES (21100007)

ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 2014-15ACTIVE LEARNING ASSIGNMENT 2014-15

MECHANICAL ENGINEERINGMECHANICAL ENGINEERING(1(1stst year) year)

DIV-BDIV-BMECHANICAL ENGINEERINGMECHANICAL ENGINEERING(1(1stst year) year)

DIV-BDIV-B

HUMAN SETTLEMENTHUMAN SETTLEMENT

ROLL NO. NAMES ROLL NO. NAMES 173 ABHAY PRAJAPATI R.173 ABHAY PRAJAPATI R.174 174 175 RANA SRUSHTI 175 RANA SRUSHTI

FACULTY ADVISORFACULTY ADVISOR

1.1.MRS. TANDRA BANERJEEMRS. TANDRA BANERJEE2.2.MR. HIREN MAHYAVANSHIMR. HIREN MAHYAVANSHI

GROUP MEMBERSGROUP MEMBERS

OBJECTIVESOBJECTIVES

1.WHAT IS HUMAN SETTLEMENT ?2.HISTORY ABOUT SETTLEMENT3.WHY HUMAN SETTLEMENT?4.HOW DID FIRST HUMAN SETTLEMENT

START…5.EFFECT OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT6.WHY WE LEARN HUMAN SETTLEMENT?7.SETTLEMENT PYRAMID

WHAT IS HUMAN SETTLEMENT WHAT IS HUMAN SETTLEMENT ??

Settlement, locality or populated place are general terms used

in geography, statistics, archaeology, landscape history and other subjects for a permanent or temporary community in which people live or have lived, without being specific as to size, population or

importance.

A settlement can therefore range in size from a small number of

dwellings grouped together to the largest of cities with surrounding urbanized areas. The term may

include hamlets, villages, towns and cities.

The term is used internationally in the field of geospatial modeling,

and in that context is defined as "a city, town, village, or other

agglomeration of buildings where people live and work".

HISTORY

The finding of fragments of ceramics suggests that the islands might have been visited by pre-Columbian sailors from the coast of Ecuador. They were uninhabited, however, when discovered accidentally by Tomás de Berlanga, the Bishop of Panama, in 1535. He was on his way to Peru when his ship was becalmed and swept 800 km off course by the currents. Like most of the early arrivals, Bishop Tomás and his crew arrived thirsty and disappointed at the dryness of the place. He did not even give the islands a name, although he did dub the giant tortoises 'galápagos'.The islands first appeared on a map in 1574, as 'Islands of Galápagos', which has remained in common use ever since. The individual islands, though, have had several names, both Spanish and English. The latter names come from visits by English buccaneers who used the Galápagos as a hideout, in particular a spot North of James Bay on Santiago island, still known as Buccaneers' Cove. The pirates were the first to visit many of the islands and they named them after English kings and aristocracy or famous captains of the day.

Gooddefence

Farmland

Fuel and building materials

Water supply

On dry land

Sheltered

When people first built settlements hundreds of years ago, they chose things

which provided the five things they needed the most

WHY HUMAN SATTELMENT ?

Most contemporary settlements exist primarily to serve economic functions, but earliest

settlements probably were established for other reasons. The precise reasons for the formation of

the first settlements are shrouded in mystery, as they occurred before recorded history. To

understand the possible reasons for the creation of permanent settlements, picture the situation

before they existed. Human beings were nomads, migrating in search of food and water. They

obtained food by gathering wild berries and roots or killing wild animals.

Why would the nomadic groups require permanent settlements? No one knows the precise

sequence of events through which settlements were established, but analysts offer two types of

explanations: cultural and economic.

How did the Human settlements start?

The Earth was empty for billions of

years. But life evolved. And

about 2 million years

ago…

Look what we found!

Look what we found!

… our ancestors appeared. They lived by eating fruit and berries, and hunting…

There they go again.

Oh please, not more woolly mammoth!

… which meant they were always on the move, chasing dinner…

Do you see what I see?

What?

Then, one day, they noticed something amazing: where they dropped seeds, plants grew!

This is the life!

Urrrrrr

So they began to settle down in one place and grow their food. These were the first farmers.

They chose a place for a site that had what they needed. Like good flat land… water… wood for fuel…

What a niceday!

Some of us have work to do.

… shelter from the wind and rain… materials for making things (clay, sand, iron ore, tin…)

… easy access to other places for trading… and protection from their enemies.

What do you think then?

What exactly is it?

They cleared the land and planted crops and put up dwellings. The result – a settlement.

Years passed. The number of humans grew. More and more settlements appeared.

What’s wrong with us?

Some grew larger… and larger… and larger.

Now there are over 7 billion people on the earth, and half of them live in cities.

7

RESULT

EFFECT OF HUMAN SETTELMENT117 Million people suffered from

some 300 natural disasters in the pasted yearDevastating drought in China

and AfricaMassive flooding in Asia and

Africa costing $15 billion75% of commercial energy is

consumed in urban and semi-urban areas

80% of all waste is generated from cities

60% of Greenhouse Gas Emission emanate from cities

Sea levels are rising twice as fast as forecastedThreatening hundreds of

millions of people living in deltas, low-lying areas and small island states

Threat of sea-level rise to cities is only one piece of puzzle

More extreme weather patterns such as intense storms are another

Extreme weather events damage buildings and urban infrastructure

Coastal cities affected by sea level rise

Water resources stress: floods and droughts

Human Health – malaria; waterborne diseases; polluted water

Food Security – Livelihoods – Tourism

Climate refugees move to urban slums

< Sea Level Rise

Landslides >

v Tropical cyclones

Flooding v

WHY WE LEARN HUMAN SETTELMENT

Settlement can be defined as any form of human habitation which

ranges from asingle dwelling to a large city.

Settlements can be broadly divided into two types –

rural and urban. The basic difference between rural and urban is on the

basis offunction.

Maximum settlements of our country comes under this

category and geographicallyit spreads almost every part of

the country. There are as much as eleven patterns

are found within the compact settlement. Semi-compact

settlements arecharacterised by a small but

compact nuclear around which hamlets are dispersed.

Some of the important patterns bound in semi-compact

settlements arecheckerboard, elongated and fan-shaped. Such settlements

are found in tribalareas of Chota Nagpur region and Nagaland in north-eastern

states of India.

Hamleted settlements are those settlements where central or main

settlements iseither absent or has less influence on the other units whereas dispersed settlementis a unit of small size which may consists

of a single house to a small group ofhouses. Physical ethnic or cultural and historical or defence are some of the

importantfactors which influence the type of rural

settlements in India

Hamlet

Village

City

Town

Size Frequency

Very large

Very small

Few

Many

eg : Gladsmuir

eg: East Linton

eg: Haddington

eg: Edinburgh

PYRAMID

UN-HABITAT analysis shows that rational land use planning, green building codes and energy efficient transport options have proven, to date, to be amongst the most effective measures that can be taken to reduce energy consumption and emissions.Together with waste recycling these are the most promising at reducing the ecological footprint of cities

WE ARE THE PROBLEM AND WE ARE WE ARE THE PROBLEM AND WE ARE SOLUTIONSOLUTION

Urban planning – Sustainable building

Urban transport modes – Renewable energy generation