Environmental Studies -...

Environmental

Studies

By Mr. Samadhan P. Deshmukh,

Assistant Professor, Watumull Institute, Worli.

M. E. (Mechanical Engineering)-Pursuing

1Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute.

Environmental

Studies

By Mr. Samadhan P. Deshmukh,

Assistant Professor, Watumull Institute, Worli.

M. E. (Mechanical Engineering)-Pursuing


Why to learn

EVS???


Videos…

1.1 Global Warming animation.mp4

1.2 Save Earth, Save Life.mp4

Mr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 4

Marking Scheme

Theory paper : 60 marks (2 Hrs)

Minimum passing marks : 24

Internal Exam: 15 marks

Minimum passing marks : 06

(Average of Test 1 and Test 2)

No Term work


Question Paper Pattern

Total questions : Six

Solve any Four

Each questions carries 15 marks

Q1 is compulsory (Entire Syllabus)

From Q 2 to Q 6 , Solve any Three

Mixed in nature (Three sub-questions)



Environmental Studies

*• Introduction

1• Multidisciplinary Nature of Envt.

2• Sustainable Development

3 • Environmental Pollution

4 • Environmental Legislation

5• Renewable Sources of Energy

6• Environment & Technology


Chapter 1

“The Multidisciplinary Nature of

Environmental Studies”


Things to be learned…

Definition

Scope and Importance

Need for Public Awareness

Depleting Nature of Environmental resources

Global Environmental Crisis

Ecosystem: Concept, Classification, Structure

Food chain, Food web and Ecological Pyramid


Environment ???

Sum of all living and non-living components.

Living components

Non-Living components


Environment Studies

It is an applied science that seeks practical

answers to the question of sustainable human

civilization.

Deals with the issue that affects the living

organisms.

Multidisciplinary approach


Multidisciplinary Nature??? Biology

Geology

Chemistry

Physics

Engineering

Sociology

Health

Economics

Statistics

Computers

Philosophy

as it deals with every issue that affects living organisms.


Objective

To make public aware about importance of

protection and conservation of environment

Awareness, Attitude, Action


Scope

Use of environment for betterment

Industrial development and agricultural

products

Resources like water, landscape, air.

Research and Development

Green Marketing

Green Media


Importance

Productive use value

Consumptive use value

Social value

Aesthetic value

Option value of nature


Apart from environmental values,

ecosystems have some traditional values as

well.

Products:-

Fire Wood & Timber.


Fruits.


Gums and resins.

Herbs & drugs.


Types of Environment

Natural environment

Man-Made environment


Segments of Environment

Atmosphere

Lithosphere

Hydrosphere

Biosphere


Structure of Atmosphere

1. Troposphere (0-12 km)

2. Stratosphere (12-50 km)

3. Mesosphere (50-80 km)

4. Thermosphere (80-320 km)


Need for Public Awareness

To inspire every citizen to use resources with

care and protect them from degradation.

To explain concept of environmental

degradation and to identify various factors

causing environmental degradation.

To explain concept of sustainable development.

It is clear that no citizen of the earth can afford

to be ignorant of environment issues.


Methods / Ways of Creating Public Awareness

Decreasing degradation of resources

Protection of environment than cleaning

up


Reduce wastage of natural resources

Promoting responsible action through

mass media, through decision makers.

Joining NGOs, public involvement.

Join local movements (march, street plays)


Space occupied by same number of people

In cars, In a bus, and on bicycles

Demonstration on main street:- How much space cars take

compared to buses or bikes to transport the same number of people


Video…

Videos\Protect Our Environment.mp4

..\Videos\1.3 save our environment.mp4

Minus One.ppt


..\..\Videos\1.4 Protect Our Environment.mp4



..\..\Videos\1.3 save our environment.mp4





..\..\Videos\Minus One.ppt

Institutions in Environment

BNHS (Mumbai, 1883)

WWF-I, Mumbai (1969) Now @ New Delhi)

Center for Science and Environment (New Delhi)

BSI ,Calcutta (1890). Reopened in 1954

ZSI ,Calcutta (1916)

Salim Ali Center, Coimbatore

Kalpavriksha, Pune

Bharati Vidyapeeth Inst Of Envt Edu & Research


People in Environment

Charles Darwin Ralph Emerson


Al Gore S. P. Godrej


Medha Patkar Sunderlal Bahuguna



Depletion of Forest Resources

Causes, Effects, Solutions

Depletion of Water Resources


Depletion of Mineral Resources


Depletion of Soil Resources



Depletion of Forest Resources

Use-

Protective Functions

Regulative Functions

Productive Functions


Causes of Deforestation

• Shifting cultivation

• Human population

• Construction of roads

• Demand of wood

• Fires

• Mining and dams

• Weather

• Overgrazing


Effects of Deforestation

Decreased rainfall

Draught


Soil erosion


Flood


Extinction of plants and animals

Regional and Global climate change


Forest Conservation and Management

Afforestation

Alternative source of energy for cooking

Protection from fire

Grazing of cattle's should be banned

Irrigation

Tissue culture

Disease and pest management


Water Resources


Use:-

Drinking, irrigation, washing, Disposal of

industrial waste, as a coolant in thermal power

plants.


Causes

Excessive irrigation leads to reduction in crop

productivity .

Heavy rainfall-Soil erosion


Water Pollution

Oil Spills

Factories and Refineries

Pesticides, herbicides and fertilizers


Mineral Resources


Use and over-exploitation

Environment effects of extracting and using

mineral resources

Gems That Complete Our World.



Generally found in form of ores.

Is of great importance to mankind and

used for manufacture of useful products.

e.g Iron, aluminum, zinc, gold etc, even

stones like granite ,marble etc.


Use and Overexploitation

Metallic and non metallic minerals

Industries, consumer goods, aircrafts

(Aluminium), coins (Nickel), jewellery (Gold, silver),

Fertilizers, insecticides (Phosphorous, sulphur)


Utilization

Earlier use of minerals in form of

pigments.

Now days are used for manufacture of

both scientific and general purpose

products.

Ranging from toothpaste to automobile

batteries.

Also used as fluxes in metallurgy for

separation of different elements.


Mines

Mining is a process of extraction of valuable minerals from earth or from a ore body.

Materials recovered by mining include base metals , precious ones, diamonds even oil shale, rock salt and potash.

In a wider sense comprises extraction of any non-renewable resource(e.g petroleum, natural gas even water).


Mining effects

Health problems to miners.

Radiation in uranium mines

Environmental effects like soil depletion


Depletion of Soil Resources

Land as resource

Land degradation

Landslides

Soil erosion

Desertification


Global Environmental Crisis

Population

Water

Sanitation

Land


Population


Continued…


Problems related to Population

Shortage of Natural resources

Poor management of resources

Shortage of Healthcare services

Disturbing demographic structure of

area


Water Very much important to life, no one survive without it

No substitute to water

Most critical limiting factor for many aspects of life:-

Economic Growth

Environmental Stability

Bio-diversity Conservation

Food Security

Health Care

1/4th World population have NO ACCESS to safe drinking

water.


Sanitation

In India lack of adequate sanitation in rural area

Out of 108 households, 14 households have NO

sanitation in urban area.

Flush Toilets→ Not possible to provide→ Scarcity

of Water

Ecological Toilets→ Practical, hygienic, cost-

effective


Land

Area of Earth =140 million sq.km

Vital for our Existence on it

Preserves Terrestrial Biodiversity

Regulates Water & Carbon Cycles

Stores Basic Resources - Groundwater, Minerals,

Fossil Fuels

Dump for solid & Liquid Waste

Basis for Settlements and Transport / Migration

Activities



Ecosystem


Things to be learned…

Concept and Classification of Ecosystem

Structure and functions of Ecosystem

Producers, Consumers, Decomposers

Food chains, Food webs, Ecological pyramids


What is an Ecosystem?

Term proposed by British ecologist A. G. Tansley in

1935. Consisting of all Plants, Animals and Micro-

organisms

Region with Specific and Recognizable landscape form.

An ecosystem is formed by the interactions between all

living and non-living things.

Eco = The Environment

System = Regularly interacting and interdependent

components forming a unified whole.


Ecosystem = An Ecological system

An EcosystemMr. S. P. Deshmukh, Watumull Institute. 65

What is an Ecology?

The branch of biology that deals with the

relations of organisms to one another and to their

physical surroundings.

The study of the interaction of people with their

environment.

EVS Videos\Ecology Introduction.mp4


EVS Videos\Ecology Introduction.mp4

..\..\Videos\3.1 Ecology Introduction.mp4











Fundamental Characteristics of Ecosystem

Structural

Living /Biotic

Non-living

/Abiotic

Inorganic components

Organic components

Climatic Regimes

Functional

Energy cycles

Food chains

Diversity

Nutrient cycles

Evolution


Structure:

Living/Biotic ( Plants, Animals and Micro-

organisms )

Non-living/ Abiotic (soil, climate, water and light )

Inorganic components - C,N,CO2

Organic components - Proteins, Fats

Climatic Regimes - Temp, Moisture

Macro and Micro consumers


On the basis of particular type of habitat, theyare divided as:

Various Types of Ecosystems


Terrestrial Ecosystem

Forest

Grassland

Desert


Fresh

Water

• Running water

• Streams, Rivers

• Standing water

• Lakes, ponds

Marine

Water

• Deep sea

• Oceans

Aquatic Ecosystem


Components of Ecosystem

Abiotic components:

1. Abiotic components are non - living chemical & physical factors in the environment.

2. They practically provides all the energy for ecosystems.

Biotic components:

1. Producers

2. Consumers

3. Decomposers


Examples of Producers

Grasses

Shrubs

Trees


Examples of Consumers

Herbivores


Carnivores


Omnivores


Decomposers Feed on organic compounds of dead or living plants

and animals for food and energy

Breakdown products & release inorganic compounds

(nutrients) in the ecosystem, making them available

again to producers.


“ The transfer of energy and nutrients through a

series of organisms with repeated process of eating

and being eaten”.

All the organisms are linked together with one

another by food relationship.

Each organism living or dead is potential food for

some other organism.

Food Chain



Food web Interlocking pattern of several interlinked food chains is

termed as FOOD WEB.


Ecological Pyramids

The relationship between producers, consumers and

decomposers at different tropic levels in an ecosystem.

Pyramid represents decrease in amount of energy, number of

organisms and biomass from producers to higher level

consumers.

Types of pyramid –

1. Pyramid of Energy

2. Pyramid of Numbers

3. Pyramid of Biomass


Grasses

Snakes, Frogs,

Birds etc.

Cows Sheep,

Deer, Rabbit

Trees

Lion, Tiger,

etc.

Elephant, Deer etc.

Carnivores

Herbivores

Producers

Phytoplankton's

Fish etc.

Zooplanktons

Carnivores

Herbivores

Producers


Grassland Ecosystem Forest Ecosystem

Pond Ecosystem

The occurrence of definite sequence of

communities over a period of time in same area.

A process through which ecosystems tends to

change, over a period of time

A change in the community in which new

populations of organisms gradually replace

existing ones.

Can be related to environmental changes.

Ecological Succession


Three stages-

1. Pioneer stage

2. Serial stage

3. Climax stage

E.g. Pond Ecosystem

Ecological Succession


Examples of Primary

Succession


Example of Secondary Succession


Basic Things To Remember About Ecosystems-

What is the nature / type of an ecosystem?

What are its structure and functions?

Who uses the ecosystems and for what purpose?

How is ecosystem degraded?

What can be done to protect it from deteriorating

in the long time? How can the ecosystem be

conserved?


..\Videos\10 ways to GO GREEN.mp4


..\..\Videos\10 ways to GO GREEN.mp4






Thank You…


Date post:	18-Sep-2019
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Environmental Studies -...

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