1

G. Director T. Director Officer

Preparatory Survey Report for Grant Aid Project

Date 2010/9/20

1. Title of the Cooperation Project

1-1 Title of the Cooperation Project

The Project for Improvement of Tazara Intersection in the United Republic of Tanzania

2. Categorization and its reason

2-1 Categorization: Category B

2-2 Reason

(1) Several adverse impacts (rating B) are expected due to the project during planning,

construction and operation stage on environmental items such as involuntary resettlement, air

pollution, noise, waste, etc.

(2) According to the Environmental Management Act, 2004 (EMA) and Environmental Impact

Assessment Guidelines and Procedure (2007), project for construction and expansion or

upgrading of roads are requiring EIA.

3. Outline of the Location (Maps, Environmental and Social Condition, Problems and so on)

3-1 The Project areas

Tazara intersection is located in southwestern part of the Dar es Salaam City and accommodates two

major trunk roads (Nyerere Road and Nelson Mandela Road).

Nyerere Road is the only major road providing direct access to the international airport and flanked

almost continuously by industrial activities and various companies in the project area. Nelson

Mandela Road is pronounced importance as a corridor of seaport cargo movement to inland areas of

Tanzania, and as an international corridor to other inland countries such as Burundi, Rwanda an

Uganda, D. R. Congo, Zambia and Malawi.

From the intersection the Nyerere Road is bound for the Dar es Salaam City Centre with eastward

and for International Airport with westward, whereas the Nelson Mandela Road is bound for

Ubungo intersection with northward and Dar es Salaam Port with southward.

3-2 Social environment

(1) Administrative structure

The Project site is located in the Dar es Salaam City (hereinafter referred to as “the City”). The

City is one of the 27 regions of the United Republic of Tanzania. The total surface area of the

City is 1,800 km2, comprising of 1,393 km

2 of land mass with eight offshore islands, which is

about 0.19% of the entire Tanzania Mainland’s area.

The City has three districts, namely Ilala, Temeke and Kinondoni District. Hierarchy of

administrative structure is composed of District, Division, Ward, Streets, Village and Hamlet.

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(2) Area and Population

The City area is 1,393 km2 and estimated population of the city is about 3 million (2007).

Among three Districts Temeke District is the largest in area and Kinondoni District is largest

in population as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 Area and population of the city and 3 Districts

District Area Population (persons） lation Population density (2007)

（km2） 2002 2007 （person／km

2）

Ilala 210 634,924 783,687 3,732

Temeke 652 768,451 948,498 1,455

Kinondoni 531 1,083,913 1,337,875 2,520

Dar es Salaam City 1,393 2,487,288 3,070,060 2,204

Source：Dar es Salaam City Council Profile 2004

(3) Land use

In parallel to the expansion of the City, the light industry area has been formed along the

Nyerere Road. Thus, industrial area is spread along a corridor 300m wide on each side of the

Road.

On the other hand, residential houses of low income group and commercial activities by small

shops and street vendors spread over for both sides of Nelson Mandela Road in Buguruni Ward,

which is located the area more than 300m northward from the intersection as shown in Map 2.

(4) Income level and poverty situation

The City is Tanzania’s most important city for business. About one half of Tanzania’s

manufacturing employment is located in the City despite the fact that the City holds only 10 %

of Tanzania’s population. Majority of the industrial establishments (64%) are located in

Temeke District, 29% are in Kinondoni District and 7% in Ilala Distrct.

Based on the 2002 statistics, the GDP of the City was 16% of the national GDP. The survey

indicates GDP per capita for the City to be Tshs 584,086 with 35% of the population earning an

average low income of Tshs 387,319 per year.

Based on statistics for 2002, unemployment in the City was 46.5% while in other urban areas it

was 25.5% and in rural areas it was 18%.

Although the poverty rates of the city are much lower than the rest of the country, the poverty

remains high despite the interventions which have been put in place to check on poverty. The

Household Survey 2000/2001 showed 7.5% of the city population as being unable to get

adequate food (food poverty) and 17.6 % unable to get basic needs (basic needs poverty).

(5) Transportation

For passenger transport in the City public transport service is dominated by small buses

called “Daladala”, because their fare is cheaper than city bus and their transport networks

spread over the city. The service offered, however, is poor due to overloading and overcrowded

buses particularly during peak hours. In addition, reckless driving, route shortening, and

frequent getting on and off passengers at shorter intervals are main cause of traffic congestions

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and accidents. On the other hand, for cargo transport the services are mostly carried out by

heavy vehicles including trailer trucks, especially for roads connecting Dar es Salaam

Port and inland country area. Cargo transport also gives rise to traffic congestion and

vehicle air pollution due to overloading and poor maintenance of exhaust emission.

As for railway transport, the current service frequency is very limited at five runs a day,

although the service covers both passenger and cargo.

(6) Social services

1) Water supply

Among three Districts, ratio of the population served clean and safe water is 68% for Temeke

District and 52 % for Ilala District, and the remaining population have no direct access.

2) Sewerage system

Less than 55% of the City population is served by the sewer collection system. The rest

of population depends on site disposal systems, particularly septic tanks and pit

latrines.

3) Storm water drainage

Storm water drainage is established space between main road and service road.

Because of lack of regular maintenance, the drainage system frequently gets blocked

and flooding can occur even in relatively high area.

4) Power supply

Power distribution to the city is generally well spread covering all of the City. However,

power failures are very frequent and significantly affect business activities.

5) Others

Regarding infrastructure improvement, western part of Buguruni Ward, roads, footpaths,

drainage, sanitation, solid waste, street lightning and public toilets are improving through the

community Infrastructure Upgrading Program (CIUP).

(7) Education System

The education system in Tanzania is divided into stages, starting from pre-primary education to

the tertiary education. Pre-primary education lasts for one to two years and pupils are enrolled at

the age of five to six years.

Primary education follows the pre-primary education and mandatory. However, average primary

enrolment is 360,000 in 3,000 classrooms giving an average of overcrowded 120 pupils per

classroom. In addition, many pupils cannot access the teacher due to high pupil to teacher ratio

of more than 50.

(8) Public health

The status of health services in the City is very poor as found in the fact that the ratio of

population to physician is more than of 18,000. The quality of service is reflected in long

queues to see doctors, congestion in hospital wards and poor facilities in general. In addition the

number of hospitals is too small especially by compared to the city population.

In the City malaria and water-borne diseases are the most commonly reported illness and

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malaria is the leading cause of death for both children under the age of five and the rest of

population. Malaria is of particular concern, both because of high rates of incidence and because

of the potential for the development of drug resistance. Water-borne diseases most present are

typhoid and schisitosomiasis.

3-3 Natural environment

(1) Climate

The City experiences a modified type of equatorial climate. It is generally hot and

humid throughout the year with an average temperature of 29ºC. The hottest

season is from October to March during which temperatures can raise up to 35ºC.

It is relatively cool between May and August, with temperature around 25ºC.

There are two main rain seasons; a short rain season from October to December

and a long rain season between March and May. The average rainfall is 1,000mm

(the lowest 800mm and highest 1,300mm).

(2) Geomorphology and geotechnical conditions

The City is subdivided into two main units known as the Upland and the Coastal Plain. The

Uplands is an uplifted block elevated at 40 - 200m above sea level with slopes between 5 - 15%

and 15 - 30%.

Geological base of the area is uplifted coral limestone of late Pleistocene of the geological era.

According to geotechnical data the foundation has N-value of more than 50 and is very stiff as a

bearing layer for pile foundation.

(3) River and stream

The Msimbazi River is a major river in the City and has a very large flood plain. Flooding is a

chronic problem in many parts of the City and generally occurs in lower regions. However, there is

neither river nor minor streams crossing or flowing along the road in the project area.

(4) Plants, animals and eco-system

The vegetation of the City is characterized by a varied mosaic of vegetation with shaded trees, laws,

hedges and planted gardens, mostly of exotic nature, with almost all the natural vegetation having

been lost. No precious species of plants and animal are found.

3-4 Environmental pollution

(1) Air quality

Rapid growth of the urban economy of the City led to the rapid deterioration of environmental

conditions. Vehicle traffic is the major source of air pollution in the City .The situation of poor air

quality caused by vehicle traffic is due to following reasons:

i) Huge number of used vehicles with poor fuel combustion system

ii) Poor fuel quality

iii) Poor town panning

iv) Abundance of unpaved streets

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(2)Water pollution

Rivers in the City are heavily polluted due to untreated domestic wastewater and industrial

wastewater. In the residential area of Buguruni Ward, in rainy season stagnation of water and

flooding often occur, which may cause water-borne diseases due to mixed human waste, because of

lack of proper drainage system.

(3) Waste

Currently, the City generates about 3,000 tons of solid waste per day (2002). About 40% to 45% of

the amount generated is being collected and disposed-off at the dumpsite.

4. Legal framework of Environmental and Social Considerations

4-1 Laws and regulations relevant to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)

(1) The Environmental Management Act (EMA), No. 20.

The Environmental Management Act (EMA), No. 20, which was established in 2004, governs

environmental management issues including Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) requirements

in Tanzania. The Act stipulates that any developer of a project to which EIA is required shall

undertake at his own cost EIA before commencement of the project.

(2) Projects required EIA

For the projects relevant to construction and expansion or upgrading of roads, EIA is required as

mandatory in the Third Schedule of EMA, 2004, and in Environmental Impact Assessment

Guidelines and Procedure (Vice President’s Office, 2007)

(3) Procedures for EIA approval

Procedures for EIA approval is shown in Figure 1.

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(Proponent)

(NEMC action)

(Proponent)

(NEMC action)

(Minister: Decision)

(Proponent)

(Environmental Monitoring Report)

(NEMC action)

(Environmental Audting Report)

(Decommissioning Report)

Project Plan

Registration with Project Brief

Screening

EIA is not required (full) EIA required

Preparation of TOR for EIA Study

Conduct EIA Study (by EIA

Experts)

Prepare Environmental Impact

Statement (EIS)

Submit Revised EIS Submit EIS

Preliminary Assessment

required

Scoping Report (SR) Environmental ScopingPreliminary Environmental

Report (PER)

Decommission of the project

Revision of EIS Finalize EIS/PER/SR

Submit PER

Review

Public Hearing (Public Hearing

Report)

Comment/Advice on Permit

Decision

EIS/PER not approved

Submit to Minister

Certificate issued by Minister

Project implementation

Environmental Monitoring

Environmental Auditing

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Figure 1 Procedures for EIA Approval in Tanzania

(4) Institutional framework

Among the institutional set-up for environmental management from national level to village

level National Environmental Management Council (NEMC) is the main regulatory body for

EIA in Tanzania.

(5) Time frame of EIA approval

The total period for the determination of an all stages by NEMC is at most 150 working days

(Screening - 30 days, Approval of EIA TOR - 30 days, Review - 60 days including 21 days for

public views) and issuance of Provisional Environmental permit - 15 days.

The above time frame does not include the period a proponent takes to fill a registration form,

prepare Preliminary Environmental Report or Environmental Impact Statement nor does it

include time for Public Hearing.

(3) Competent Agency

Competent agency to evaluate, review the Project and the Environmental Impact Statement and

issue EIA Certificate is National Environment Management Council (NEMC). It was established

under the EMA as the principal agency of government. Organization in charge of EIA issues is

Department of Environmental Planning and Auditing in Directorate of Environmental Impact

Assessment as shown in Figure 2.

National Environmental Management Council

Regional OfficeLegal Division Internal Audit

Director General

Mnonitoring &

Compliance

Information

Management

Manpower

Development

Administration

Finance

Environmental

compliance

&Enforcement

Environmenta

l Information,

Communicati

on &

Administratio

n & Finance

Chemical

Management

Environmenta

l Impact

Assesment*

Environmental

Planning and

Auditing*

Inspection

Monitoring and

and Auditing

Environemntal

Planning and

Research

Reasearch &

Planning

(Terrestreal)

Research &

Planning

(Aquatic)

Environmental

Sanitation

Education &

Awareness

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Note: * Department of Environmental Planning and Auditing, Directorate of Environmental Impact Assessment is

in charge of EIA matters

Figure 2 Organization chart of National Environment Management Council (NEMC)

4-2 Legislation relevant to Involuntary Resettlement

The principal legislation that provides the legal basis for compensation and resettlement in

Tanzania relevant to the road development are as follows:

-Land Act, 1999, Cap. 113 R.E. 2002

-Village Land Act, 1999, Cap 114 R. E. 2002

-Land Acquisition Act, 1967, Cap. 118 R. E. 2002

-Road Act, 2007

-Urban Planning Act, 2007

In addition, the Land Act is supplemented by a number of pieces of subsidiary legislation that

are relevant to compensation and resettlement.

4-5 Information Disclosure and Public Participation

According to the Part XIV (Public participation in environmental decision making) and Part VI

(Environmental Impact Assessment and other assessment) in EMA, information disclosure and the

public participation are pre-requisite to all the projects to provide different stakeholders with an

opportunity to share the information and to raise their concerns from the project scoping stage to

the approval of EIA Certificate by proper information disclosure, public consultation and public

hearing.

5. Outline of relevant Agency and Institution which implement Project, EIA so on.

5-1 Name of the Project Proponent

-The Responsible Agency (Lead Agency) is the Ministry of Infrastructure Development (MOID).

-The Implementing Agency (Proponent) is Tanzania National Roads Agency (TANROADS).

- Organization chart of both agencies are shown in Figure 3 and 4.

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Safety and

Environment

Division

(Director) *

Technical Service

Division

(Director)

Transportation

Services Division

(Director)

Transport

Infrastructure

Division

(Director)

Air Transport

Management &

Meteorology

Section

Environemnt

Management

Section*

Public Buildings

Section

Maritime

Trasnport

Management

Section

Regional Roads

Section

Railways Section

Infrastructure and

Transport Safety

Management

Section

Electrical and

Mechanical

Section

Surface Transport

Management

Section

Trunk Roads and

Port Section

Airports and

Aerodomes

Section

Legal Services Unit (Principal Legal Officer)

Permanent Secretary

Finance and Accountants Unit (Chief

Accountant)

Internal Audit Unit (Chief Internal Auditor)

Information, Education & communication Unit

(Principal Information Officer)

ManagmentInformation Systems Unit (Principal

Computer Systems Analyst)

Administration & Human Resources

Management Division (Director)

Minister

Policy and Planning Division (Director)

Procurement Management Unit (Principal

Supplies Officer)

Supplies and Services Division

Executive Agencies (TAA, TGFA,TMA,

TANROADS, TBA, TEMESA)

Note: * In charge of EIA and Compensation & Resettlement

Figure 3 Organization Chart of Ministry of Roads (MOID)

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(Ministry of Infrastructure and Development)

Permanent Secretary

Minister

Ministrial Advisory Board (MAB)

Chief Execuitve

Internal Audit (Chief

Internal Auditor)

Legal Services Unit

(Principal Legal

Counsel)

Directorate of

Planning

(Director)*

Directorate of

Procurement &

Contracts

(Director)

Directorate of

Projects (Director)

Directorate of

Maintenance

(Director)

Directorate of

Busines Support

(Director)

Planning Goods & WorksGovernment of

Tanzania

Monitor & Support

for Lake Zone

Administration &

Human Resources

Managmenet

Regional Office

Monitor & Support

for Weighbridge

Operation

Research &

Materials

Consultancy

ServicesMultilateral

Monitor & Support

for central ZoneFinance

Contracts ControlSafety &

Environment*

Design & Standards

Management

Information &ICT

Public relations

Bilateral

Public/Private

Partnership

Monitor & Support

for Southern

Highlands Zone

Monitor & Support

for Coastal Zone

Note: * In charge of EIA and Compensation & Resettlement

Figure 4 Organization Chart of Implementation Agency (TANROADS)

6. Outline of the Project and Analysis of Alternatives

6-1 Outline of the Project

The objective of the Project is to meet increasing transportation demand and contribute to reduction

of traffic congestion, especially in the central Area of Dar es Salaam City, through the improvement

of Tazara intersection.

6-2 Analysis of Alternatives

(1) Comparison of five project alternatives

As for the project plans for improvement of Tazara intersection, there are four project alternatives

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as shown in Table 3.

Table 3 Four project alternatives for the improvement of Tazara intersection

Alternatives Outline R

equ

este

d

(1) 4 lane

flyover

・ Requested plan by Government

of Tanzania.

・ A 4-lane bridge in accordance

with forecast traffic demand of

2030.

A

dd

itio

nal

Alt

ern

ativ

es (2) 2 lane

flyover

・ A 2-lane bridge in accordance

with forecast traffic demand of

2015.

・ Possibility of widening to 4-lane

in the future.

(3) At-grade

improveme

nt

・ Improvement of lane configuration including increase in number of lanes for

right or left turns.

(4) Traffic

Signal

Optimizati

on

・ Optimization of signal timings (phasing, cycle length and split).

For analysis of alternatives five project options including without the project (zero option) were

evaluated in terms of various items such as technical (capacity of road to comply with future

increasing traffic volume, ease of construction work, etc.), economic (construction cost, beneficial

impact, etc.) and environmental criteria.

Out of the above evaluation, the result of comparison in view of environmental and social

considerations is shown in Table 4.

Table 4 Comparison of five alternatives in terms of environmental and social

considerations

Alternative Evaluation* Planning Stage** Construction Stage Operation Stage

(1) 4- lane

flyover

Δ In order to secure

ROW (60m

width) for the

project,

occurrence of

involuntary

resettlement is

expected because

there are found

encroachments of

some facilities,

structures and

business

activities within

the ROW.

Adverse impacts such

as air pollution,

noise, waste,

inconvenience to

business and living

activities are

expected to be the

largest among

alternatives.

Significant improvement

of traffic congestion is

expected. However,

there is awareness that

reduction air pollution

and noise is not expected

due to the resulted

increase of traffic

volume and poor exhaust

emission maintenance of

running vehicles is

remained unchanged.

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(2) 2- lane

flyover

Δ In order to secure

ROW (60m

width) for the

project,

occurrence of

involuntary

resettlement is

expected because

there are found

encroachments of

some facilities,

structures and

business

activities within

the ROW.

Adverse impacts such

as air pollution,

noise, waste,

inconvenience to

business and living

activities are

expected to be the

second largest among

alternatives.

Considerable

improvement of traffic

congestion is expected.

However, there is

awareness that reduction

air pollution and noise is

not expected due to the

resulted increase of

traffic volume and poor

exhaust emission

maintenance of running

vehicles is remained

unchanged.

(3) At Grade

Improveme

nt

△ In order to

secure ROW

(60m width) for

the project,

occurrence of

involuntary

resettlement is

expected because

there are found

encroachments of

some facilities ,

structures and

business

activities within

the ROW.

Adverse impacts such

as air pollution,

noise, waste,

inconvenience to

business and living

activities are

expected to be the

third largest among

alternatives..

Some improvement of

traffic congestion is

expected. However,

there is awareness that

reduction air pollution

and noise is not expected

due to the resulted

increase of traffic

volume and poor exhaust

emission maintenance of

running vehicles is

remained unchanged.

(4) Traffic

Signal

Optimization

о In order to conduct

traffic signal

optimization, it is

not necessary to

secure ROW.

Thus the

occurrence of

involuntary

resettlement is

not expected.

Construction work is

expected to be

minimum scale.

Some improvement of

traffic congestion is

expected. However,

there is awareness that

reduction air pollution

and noise is not expected

due to the resulted

increase of traffic

volume and poor exhaust

emission maintenance of

running vehicles is

remained unchanged.

(5) Zero

Option

о No involuntary

resettlement because

of no action.

No impact, because

of no action.

Present situation of

traffic congestion will be

worsened due to

expected increasing

traffic volume.

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Note 1: *о- adverse impact is negligible, △- adverse impacts is expected but not significant

Note 2: ** It is necessary to secure ROW (60 m width) except (4) traffic signal optimization plan

In case of zero option and traffic signal optimization plan, only negligible adverse impact is

expected. Thus, they are more recommendable in terms of environmental and social considerations.

On the contrary, in case of other three project plans adverse impacts are expected considerably,

although not significantly.

The result of overall evaluation, however, plan of 4-lane flyover construction is selected as the first

priority, because the plan is expected to have enough capacity for proper handling of increasing

traffic volume in future and to be able to materialize reduction of traffic congestion most effectively,

although the plan is a little inferior or the same level to other plans in view of technical feasibility,

construction cost and environmental and social considerations.

(2) Comparison of two roads for 4-lane flyover construction plan

Regarding selection of road over which 4-lane flyover will be constructed, there are two options.

One is 4-lane flyover over Nelson Mandela Road and another is that over Nyerere Road.

Through comparison of two options in terms of environmental and social considerations, 4-lane

flyover construction over Nyerere Road is preferable to that over Nelson Mandela Road as shown

in Table 5.

This conclusion is the same as the result of overall evaluation with various items such as capability

of coping with future traffic congestion, project cost, ease of construction work including

environmental and social considerations.

Table 5 Comparison of flyover construction plans in terms of environmental and social

considerations

Flyover Evaluat

ion* Involuntary resettlement/land acquisition **

(1) Flyover

bridge

on

Nelson

Mandela

Road

++ Involuntary resettlement is expected due to encroachment on ROW by

facilities and structures and small business activities with more than

100 Project Affected Persons (PAPs).

Adverse impacts except involuntary resettlement by construction of the

flyover are expected as the same level on both roads.

(2) Flyover

bridge

on

Nyerere

Road

+ Involuntary resettlement is also expected due to encroachment on ROW

by facilities and structures and small business activities with about 20

PAPs. Thus, Expected scale of compensation and/or resettlement is less

than that of Nelson Mandela Road.

Adverse impacts except involuntary resettlement by construction of the

flyover are expected as the same level on both roads.

Note: * Extent of adverse impact. (++) - significant, (+) - not significant

7. Adverse Environmental and Social Impacts

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Identification of envisioned adverse impacts and examination of envisioned mitigation measures

were conducted assuming the project plan of 4-lane flyover construction on Nyerere Road.

7-1 Activities due to the cooperation project

Expected activities due to the project for 4-lane flyover construction are shown in Table 6.

Table 6 Activities due to the project for 4-lane flyover construction

Stage Activities due to the Projects

Planning Stage Land acquisition and/or involuntary resettlement

Change of plan for use of lands and local resources

Construction

Stage

Extraction and transportation of construction materials from quarries and borrow pits

Engineering works for earthmoving, cutting and filling

Installation of plants, warehouse and worker's camps

Operation of construction plants, machines and vehicles

Construction work of road and related facilities and structures

Operation Stage

Operation of road transportation

Space occupancy of roads and related facilities and structures

Use of road for business and living activities

7-2 Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts (Environmental Scoping)

Envisioned adverse environmental and social impacts due to the project are identified, predicted

and evaluated with rating for 31 items of social environment, natural environment and

environmental pollution according to the scoping procedure of JICA Guidelines for Environmental

and Social Considerations, and summarized in Table 7.

Table 7 Result of Environmental Scoping

Environment item *,

**

St

ag

e*

**

Rat

ing

**

**

Description of expected impacts

< 1 > Social Environment

1 Involuntary

Resettlement

P B 1)Right of Way (ROW, 60m width) was mostly secured for target road

span around Tazara Intersection by TANROADS. Encroachment within

the ROW, however, is found on service roads and edges of ROW by

following facilities, structures and business activities: (1) fences and part

of plots belonging to Azam factory and government institutions

(Tanzania Zambia Railway Authority and National Housing

Corporation), (2) business activities by small shops, kiosks and street

vendors, (3) utilities such as water pipes and electric poles, (4) car park

spaces, big signboards and planted trees. Some of the encroachers have

rights of occupancy and/or usage due to the licenses given and actual

occupancy for long years, although their eligibility is not clear at present.

Therefore, involuntary resettlement may occur due to (a) disposition of

rights of occupancy and usage of ROW, and (b) loss and/or relocation of

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encroached sites, facilities and structures, and business activities within

ROW, although actual displacements of houses and people are not

expected.

P C Procurement of construction materials can be attained by purchasing

them from domestic suppliers, because the scale of construction work is

not large. Thus, utilization of quarries and borrow pits is not necessary.

P C Land secured for construction office, warehouse and worker's camp: It

depends on the plan.

2 Local economy

such as

employment and

livelihood etc.

C B 1) People of small shops, kiosks and street vendors, who encroached into

ROW will lose the jobs due to site clearance for construction of the

flyover. 2) Employment of local people will be generated for

construction work.

O D Smooth access to offices and working places, and increase of

convenience to social services such as hospitals, schools, churches, etc.

are expected due to the improvement of the traffic condition.

3 Land use and

utilization of local

resources

P C There is some possibility of change in land use for housing and business

activities due to the project.

C B Water use for construction work including worker's camp may compete

with the community water supply.

4 Social institutions

such as social

infrastructure and

local

decision-making

institutions

T B If information disclosure regarding the project plan are not properly

conducted, anxieties and complaints may spread over the people and

communities resulting in difficulties for obtaining thorough

understanding of the project and consensus with them.

5 Existing social

infrastructures

and services

T B 1) Construction works may give rise to temporary traffic congestion and

inconvenience for accessibility to social services. 2) Utilities such as

electric lines, water pipes, telecommunication lines and sewer lines are

established on and/or underneath the road. Thus, relocation might be

necessary depending on design of plan and construction work.

6 The poor,

indigenous ethnic

people

T B Construction work may disturb living conditions of people in the project

area and small-business activities of street vendors and kiosks in the

ROW and along the roadside.

7 Misdistribution of

benefits and

damage

T B If information of the project plan including construction work is not

adequately disclosed to local people and road users from an earlier stage,

and proper compensation and support for all PAPs are not properly

implemented, misdistribution of benefit and damage is likely to occur.

8 Local conflict of

interests

T B If information of the project plan including construction work is not

adequately disclosed to local people and road users from an earlier stage,

and proper compensation and support for all PAPs are not properly

implemented, local conflict of interests is likely to occur.

9 Cultural property C C There is some possibility of disturbance to access to cultural property and

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and heritage sites heritage sites due to construction work. However, distribution of these

sites is unknown at present.

10 Water usage or

Water rights and

Rights of

Common

P C Water rights, fishery rights and rights of common are not known in the

area. However, activities such as water intake and fishing are not

operated in ROW.

11 Public health and

Sanitation

C B Air pollutants such as dust, SPM, NOx, SOx emitted from construction

vehicles and machines and construction work may cause some adverse

effect to respiratory organs.

O B Air pollution due to increase of traffic volume may cause some adverse

effect to respiratory organs.

12 Infectious

diseases such as

HIV/AIDS

C B Infection with HIV/AIDS and venereal disease was reported at worker's

camps during road construction in other African countries.

13 Hazards (cyclone,

drought, etc.) and

risk

C C No additional risk of disaster or security is expected due to road

improvement. However, there is anxiety of increase in crime incidence

due to inflow of construction workers.

14 Accidents C B Traffic accidents are likely to increase due to an increase of vehicles for

construction work.

O B Improvement of traffic congestion may give raise to an increase in the

number of vehicles travelling Nelson Mandela and Nyerere Road. This

may also result in an increased number of traffic accidents if proper

traffic management and upgrading up of traffic manners of both drivers

and pedestrians are not improved.

< 2 > Natural Environment

15 Topography and

Geology

C C Construction of the flyover may give rise to some topographical and

geological alteration, although only on a small scale. Thus a detailed

geological survey is necessary for the Outline Design Study.

16 Soil erosion C C No large-scale land cutting or filling are expected. However, if improper

cutting or filling it is undertaken it is likely to cause soil erosion in the

rainy season.

17 Groundwater C C A large scale exploitation of groundwater is not expected. However,

there is some possibility of utilizing groundwater, if water for

construction works is not provided by the city water supply.

18 Hydrological

situation/Drainage

pattern

C C

Construction of roadside gutters may result in some changes in the

hydrological situation of drainage including disturbance of the local

drainage system.

O C There is some possibility of partial road inundation due to poor drainage

of road surface run-off water.

19 Coastal zone P D Dar es Salaam City is situated on the East Indian Ocean coast. However,

the project area is not located in a coastal zone.

20 Fauna, Flora and C B No rare, endangered or endemic terrestrial plant or animal species are

17

Biodiversity expected. However, planted trees such as Jakaranda and Neem species

and greens along the road contribute to the amenity of the area.

Increase in air pollutants due to increase in the number of vehicles may

cause adverse impacts on planted trees and greens.

Fauna, Flora and

Biodiversity

O B Removal and/or transplantation of road side trees and greens are

expected due to earthmoving and construction works.

21 Landscape O C Appearance of the flyover and removal and/or relocation of trees and

greens in the ROW may result in some deterioration of the roadside

landscape.

22 Meteorology P D No large-scale topographical alteration are expected.

Global Warming C C Generation of greenhouse gases such as CO2 is expected due to

construction vehicles and machines. However, extent of impact is

unknown.

O C Increase in greenhouse gases such as CO2 is expected due to increase of

traffic volume. However, extent of impact is unknown.

< 3 > Environmental Pollution

24 Air pollution C B Roadside air pollution is expected due to emission of air pollutants such

as dust, NOx, SOx from construction vehicles and machines, and

earthmoving and construction work.

O B Improvement of traffic congestion may give rise to an increase in the

number of vehicles traveling. This may also result in an increase in

emission of air pollutants such as SO2, NOx, from the exhaust

particulates. In addition, poor emission control of many vehicles due to

insufficient maintenance and inspection may accelerate to emission of

bad smells and black smoke along the road.

25 Water pollution C B Water pollution due to inflow of soil and sand from construction work

and wastewater from workers’ camps is expected somewhat.

26 Soil

contamination

C B Toxic materials such as asphalt emulsifiers utilized for road construction

may give rise to soil contamination. However, extent of impact is

unknown.

27 Bottom sediment C D No reclamation or dredging work is expected.

28 Waste C B Generation of soil, sand and construction waste is expected at quarry,

borrow pits, road construction work and workers' camp, etc.

29 Noise and

Vibration

C B Generation of noise and vibration from construction machines and

vehicles is expected.

O B Increase in generation of noise and vibration due to increase in traffic

volume is expected.

30 Ground

Subsidence

C D No major earth moving or reclamation is expected.

31 Offensive odors C C There is some possibility of bad smells spreading over and along the road

due to poor emission control of construction machines and vehicles.

18

O C There is some possibility of bad smell spreading over along the road due

to poor emission control of heavy trucks.

Note 1: * Environmental items in the scoping are based on the JICA Guidelines for Environmental Considerations

(2004) with some modifications as referred to the Environmental Guidelines for Infrastructures Projects by JICA

(1992).

Note 2: ** Concerns regarding the impacts on "Gender" and "Children's Right" might be related to all items of the

Social Environment.

Note 3: *** P - Planning stage, C - Construction stage, O - Operation stage, T – whole stages.

Note 4: **** Rating - No project (No action) and Project (4 lane flyover plan requested by Government of

Tanzania). In general, both beneficial and adverse impacts are expected due to the project activities. However,

only adverse impacts are the subject.

(1) Result of re-examining for project categorization

1) Expected major adverse impacts

a) Planning stage

- Involuntary resettlement is expected and it may affect two types of Project Affected Persons

(PAPs) (a) land owners by land acquisition and (b) people having premise and/or structures

and/or activities in the ROW.

b) Construction stage

- Environmental pollution due to air pollutants, water pollutants, noise and wastes are

somewhat expected due to operation of construction vehicles, machines and construction

plants, and earthmoving and construction work as well as workers’ camps.

c) Operation stage

- Improvement of traffic congestion may give rise to an increase in the number of vehicles

travelling. This may also result in increases in emission of air pollutants and noise from

vehicles, especially heavy trucks. In addition, poor emission control of many vehicles due to

insufficient maintenance and inspection may accelerate to them.

d) Whole stage

If information disclosure regarding the project plan, and procedures and public participation

are not properly conducted, anxieties and complaints may spread over the people and

communities resulting in difficulties for obtaining thorough understanding of the project and

consensus with them. properly conducted for throughout whole stages, anxieties and

complaints may spread over the people and communities resulting in difficulties for obtaining

thorough understanding of the project and consensus with them. In addition, delay or standstill

of the project implementation may occur, if fully considerations are not taken to minimize

misdistribution of benefits and damage, and to avoid local conflict of interest.

2) Categorization of the project

Therefore, proposed project for construction of flyover and approach roads on the Nyerere Road is

classified as category B as a result of re-examination by the survey in Tanzania.

19

8. Envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring

The above mentioned adverse impacts should be fully taken into considerations to conduct further

necessary baseline survey and examine the mitigation measures including avoidance and

monitoring as much as possible as shown in Table 8.

Baseline survey will be done to make further understanding of existing environment and the effects

expected to be caused by the project activities.

Mitigation measures will minimize the adverse impact to an acceptable level through the planning,

construction and operation phases. Monitoring is required to ensure that the specified mitigation

measures are properly carried out through construction and operation stages.

Table 8 Necessary baseline survey and envisioned mitigation measures and monitoring

Environment item *, ** Stag

e***

Rati

ng*

***

Further necessary baseline study Mitigation measures and monitoring

< 1 > Social Environment

1 Involuntary

Resettlement

P B 1) Inventory survey on encroachment by

land, facilities, structures and business

activities) in ROW and rights of

occupancy and usage. 2) Identify the

occurrence and features of involuntary

resettlement and expected PAPs. 3)

Examine difference in involuntary

resettlement policy between Tanzanian

laws and JICA Guidelines. 4) Confirm

situation of information dissemination

and holding stakeholdes meeting. 5)

Confirm requirement of EIA and

procedure for EIA approval by NEMC.

1) From an early stage of the plan, provide adequate

information to PAPs and consult with stakeholders

including PAPs to reach an agreement or thorough

understanding of the issues as much as possible. 2) In case

of involunatry resettlement, identify PAPs, evaluate the

eligibility of PAPs and provide necessary compensation

and support measures complying with both both Tanzanian

Laws and JICA Guidelines. 3) Formulate CRP

(Compensation and Resettlement Plan) accompanying the

EIA study. 4) Monitor and evaluate result of

implementation of the CRP.

C Confirm procurement plan for

construction materials.

To be confirmed at Outline Design Study.

C Secure necessary sites for construction

work such as office, workers' camp,

storage and disposal.

To be confirmed at Outline Design Study.

2 Local economy

such as

employment and

livelihood etc.

C B Survey on livelihood of people and

business activities of small shops, kiosks

and street vendors, who encroached

into ROW.

Give local residents preference to have a chance to engage

in road construction work.

O D Monitor materialization of traffic congestion improvement

and upgrading convenience for living and business

20

activities

3 Land use and

utilization of local

resources

P C Survey of existing land and water

resources (surface water and

groundwater) use and regulation.

Promote an adequate land and water resource development

plan. O C

4 Social institutions

such as social

infrastructure and

local

decision-making

institutions

T B Survey on community structures,

procedure of decision-making and

opinion leaders in the Project area.

Information disclosure and public participation should be

fully considered for all the stakeholders from early stage of

planning for obtaining thorough understanding and

consensus of the people and communities.

5 Existing social

infrastructures

and services

T B (1) Survey on water supply and utilities

along road and in ROW. (2) Survey of

distribution and usage of existing social

infrastructure and services around the

project site.

1) Promote cooperation with development plansof other

social infrastructure and services. 2) Consider how to

minimize temporary traffic congestion in the construction

work plan. 3) Consult with community and the Municipalty

to obtain consensus regarding water use, if necessary. 4)

Consult with owners/users of utilities to obtain consent for

removal or re-installation of utility lines at proper place, if

necessary.

6 The poor,

indigenous ethnic

people

C B (1) Survey on living conditions including

road use of vulnerable social groups such

as the poor, women and children and

indigenous ethnic people.

If the poor and indigenous ethnic people are expected to

become PAPs, their rights in relation to land and resources

must be respected and efforts should be made to obtain

their consent with fully considerations to compensate

properly or support to restore the present living condition.

7 Misdistribution of

benefits and

damage

T B Survey on past experiences and causes

which may give rise to the

misdistribution of benefit and damage in

the communities.

Consultation with stakeholders including PAPs and

community organizations, should be planned from an early

stage to obtain understanding and consent among the

stakeholders in order to share equally benefits and damage.

8 Local conflict of

interests

T B Survey on the causes and solutions of

local conflicts of interests in the Project

area.

Consultation with stakeholders including PAPs and

community organization, should be planned from early

stage to obtain understanding and consent among the

stakeholders in order to avoid or minimize local conflict of

interests.

9 Cultural property

and heritage sites

C C Inventory survey on cultural, historical

and religious property in the Project area.

Avoid alignments close to sites of cultural property and

heritage in the project plan.

10 Water usage or

Water rights and

Rights of

Common

P D Survey on water rights and rights of

commons in the area.

11 Public health and C B Survey on (1) prevalence and cause of 1) Measures for improvement of vehicle exaust emission.

21

Sanitation O B respiratory diseases, (2) medical

facilities, (3) medical examination in the

City.

2) Periodical medical examiniation.

12 Infectious

diseases such as

HIV/AIDS

C B 1) Survey on existing cases and cause of

HIV/AIDS in the project area. 2) Survey

on cases of infectious diseases such as

HIV/AIDS during road construction

work.

1) Monitoring cases of HIV/AIDS before and after the

construction phase. (2) Enlightenment and campaign of

prevention and cure of HIV/AIDS.

13 Hazards and risk

(security)

C C Survey on crime incidences and cause

of crime in the City, especially during

road construction work.

14 Accidents C B Collect and analyze data regarding

accidents due to construction work.

Suitable planning and management of road construction

work to prevent and minimize the accidents..

O B Collect and analyze data regarding traffic

accidents

Suitable planning and management of road traffic operation

to prevent and minimize the accidents.

< 2 > Natural Environment

15 Topography and

Geology

C C Detailed geological survey. 1) Avoid areas of unstable ground conditions. 2) Measures

for prevention of landslide at the construction site

16 Soil erosion C C Survey on the areas susceptible to soil

erosion

(1) Avoid the sites susceptible to soil erosion, (2) Measures

for prevention of soil erosion at the construction site.

17 Groundwater C C Survey on groundwater (capacity,

quality, aquifer materials etc.)

Measures to prevent penetration of polluted water to

underground.

18 Hydrological

situation/Drainage

pattern

C C Detailed survey on hydrological features

of rivers and drainages in the area.

Measures for preventing spill over of soil and other

construction materials due to earthmoving work.

19 Coastal zone P D

20 Fauna, Flora and

Biodiversity

C B 1) Detailed survey on protected and/or

precious plant and animal species in the

Project area. (2) Survey on distribution

and owner/user of roadside vegetation.

Permission and/or compensation for cutting

down/removal/replanting trees are not required legally

because these trees are under ownership of TANROADS.

However, it is desirable to get consent from the

Municipality prior to treatment. According to the slogan by

President Nyerere, it is necessary to plant more than two

trees, if one tree is cut down.

O B

21 Landscape O C Survey on important landscape in the

Project area.

Measures for roadside greening to harmonize with

surrounding landscape.

22 Meteorology P D

Survey on cases of change in

microclimate by flyover construction.

23 Global Warming C D Rough estimation of expected

greenhouse gas emission.

Proper management for control of vehicle exhaust emission

and establish inspection system for exhaust gas emission O D

< 3 > Environmental Pollution

22

24 Air pollution C B 1) Inventory survey on major air

pollution sources. 2) Collect and analyze

data on present air quality and regulation.

Control of emission of air pollutants (dust, NOx etc.) from

construction machines and vehicles due to construction

work.

O B 1) Proper management for control of vehicle exhaust

emission and establish inspection system for exhaust gas

emission. 2) Air quality monitoring along the road.

25 Water pollution C C 1) Inventory survey on major water

pollution sources. 2) Collect and analyze

data on present water quality and

regulation.

Proper treatment of water pollutants generated from

construction work to comply with water quality regulation.

26 Soil

contamination

C C Survey on present situation of soil

contamination in the Project area.

1) Prevent accumulation of toxic materials in soil during

construction and operation phase. 2) Monitoring of soil

contamination around the sites of earth moving and

construction work sites.

27 Bottom sediment C C Survey on present situation of bottom

sediment pollution in the project area.

1) Monitoring of bottom sediment pollution in rivers, if

necessary.

28 Waste C B Survey on present situation and

institutional structures of waste

management system in the Project area.

1) Consider ways to minimize waste generation in the

construction work plan. 2) Proper treatment and disposal of

wastes generated from construction work.

29 Noise and

Vibration

C B 1) Inventory survey on source of noise

and vibration. 2) Collect data on present

noise and vibration and regulation.

(1) Use low-noise and vibration equipment. (2) Examine

daily and weekly construction schedule to minimize

impacts. (3) Installation of soundproof walls and buffer

zones.

P B 1) Prevent overloading of heavy vehicles. 2) Equip with

devices which generate lower noise and vibration to

vehicles.

30 Ground

Subsidence

C D Survey on geotechnical and geological

condition around Tazara intersection.

31 Offensive odors C C 1) Survey on complaints regarding on

offensive odors in the project area. 2)

Survey on condition of vehicle

exhaust emission control.

1) Monitoring of offensive odor. 2) Proper management for

control of vehicle exhaust emission and establish

inspection system for exhaust emission. O C

Note: *, **, ***, **** Same as those in Table 7.

9. Consultation

9-1 Stakeholder meeting on IEE and involuntary resettlement issue

The meeting was held in the course of Preliminary Study. Participants were peoples of

Implementing Agency (TANROADS) and MOID.

9-2 Items of discussions

(1) Identification of major impacts due to the cooperation project and mitigation measures

Some adverse impacts are expected for environmental items of involuntary resettlement (and/or

23

land acquisition), air pollution, water pollution, noise and vibration etc. Among them involuntary

resettlement is a matter of main concern. Thus further efforts should be conducted to confirm ROW

to be surely secured and encroachments into ROW for identifying PAPs, and prepare Compensation

and Resettlement Action Plan by TANROADS and MOID.

(2) EIA Approval by NEMC

It is necessary to follow the progress in EIA approval for the project by at first. Then it is also

necessary to confirm if additional EIA and/or environmental and social considerations for the

cooperation project are required or not.

The Team explained the outline of JICA Guidelines for Environmental and Social Considerations to

the Tanzanian side. The Tanzanian side agreed to take JICA Guidelines fully into considerations

when they would conduct EIA study of the Project and get EIA approval from responsible

authorities in accordance with the Tanzanian laws and regulations.

Regarding the resettlement and compensation issues, the Tanzanian side agreed to abide the

compensation and resettlement policy of the Government and the JICA Guidelines. Tanzanian side

also agreed to secure the appropriate budget for the resettlement and compensation for the project

Affected Persons (PAPs), to be allocated before implementation of the Project. In this regard, a

Complementation and Resettlement Plan (CRP) will be prepared properly.

10. Social Acceptability in case of involuntary Resettlement and Land Acquisition

1) Gaps between donors’ policy and the policy of Government of Tanzania

In Road Sector Compensation and Resettlement Guidelines (Ministry of Infrastructure

Development, 2009.2) compensation and resettlement requirements by donors were compared with

those of Government of Tanzania. There are several differences in eligibility, valuation and

compensation payment methods. For example, resettlement assistance to illegal occupants for

eligibility and non-depreciated value of structures and assets for valuation are included in the World

Bank policy, while there are no such considerations for compensation measures in Tanzanian laws.

2) Matters in considerations

Therefore, following matters should be taken into considerations to facilitate social acceptability.

(1) Sufficient compensation should be given to PAPs with taking the above mentioned gap into

consideration. If there is any difference of involuntary resettlement policy between

Government of Tanzania and JICA, that of JICA should be fully considered.

(2) Participation by PAPs and their communities must be promoted in the planning,

implementation, and monitoring of involuntary resettlement plans and measures against the

loss of their means of livelihood via the disclosure of information from an early stage.

(3) If PAPs are vulnerable social groups such as the poor, women, children, elderly and ethnic

minority appropriate consideration should be given.

11. Important Notice on Outline Design Study

In the Outline Design Study it is necessary to confirm the following matters to the Tanzanian side.

(1) Requirement of EIA and EIA approval by NEMC

24

According to result of re-examination of IEE, it is expected that several adverse impacts such as

involuntary resettlement in planning stage, air pollution and noise in construction and operation

stage. TANROADS should submit finalized project plan including the project brief to NEMC for

EIA screening. According to EMA, if a full EIA study is required, TANROADS should make TOR

for EIA to comply with both Tanzanian laws and JICA Guidelines, conduct EIA study and prepare

Environmental Impact Statement for obtaining EIA certificate from NEMC and the concerned

Minister according to procedure of EIA approval in Tanzania as shown in Figure 1.

The team should keep watch the progress and support TANROADS as the following matters:

1) EIA requirement by NEMC

2) Contents of TOR for EIA

Contents of EIA study report should comply with both Tanzanian laws and JICA Guidelines.

In the EIA study environmental monitoring plan should be prepared for items of air quality and

noise, compensation and resettlement, and reduction of traffic congestion.

3) Result of EIA study

4) Approval of EIA by NEMC and concerned Minister

(2) Identification of PAPs and preparation of CRP

To confirm ROW to be surely secured and encroachments into the ROW for identifying PAPs, and

prepare Compensation and Resettlement Plan (CRP), if involuntary resettlement occurs.

(3)To revise the result of IEE and Environmental Checklist for road sector prepared in the

Preparatory Survey

Incorporating further information, results of EIA study and progress in procedure for EIA approval,

to revise the result of the IEE fill in the Environmental Checklist for road sector by consultation

with stakeholders.

(4) To arrange consultants in charge of Environmental and Social Considerations to Outline

Design Study Team

It is necessary to arrange environment consultant(s) in the Team confirm the results of further

studies, re-examine the IEE study mentioned in Table X and keep watch a Compensation and

Resettlement Plan comply with JICA Guidelines.

(5) To fulfill the Gaps between donors’ policy and the policy of Government of Tanzania

As described above (10.1) ), it is necessary to fill the Gaps between donors’ policy and the policy

of Government of Tanzania

13. Other relevant Information

13-1 References

- JICA (2008.6): Dar es Salaam Transport Policy and System Development Master Plan,

Pre-Feasibility Study Report, Vol. II Tazara Intersection Improvement Project.

- Ministry of Infrastructure and Development (2009): Road Sector Compensation and Resettlement

Guidelines

25

- Dar es Salaam City Council (2004): Dar es Salaam City Profile

- Prime Minisrer's Office for Regional Administration and Local Government, The Dar es Salaam

City Council (2007): Consultancy Services for the Conceptual Design of a Long Term Integrated

Dar es Salaam BRT System and Detailed Design for the Initial Corridor - Resettlement Policy

Framework/Environmental and Social Impact Assessment.