ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE GOODS

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast UniversitySchool of Science and Engineering, Department of Textile Engineering

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Submitted by:Name ID Batch

Md. Mazadul Hasan Sheshir 2010000400008 13th

ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE GOODS

Southeast University Department Of Textile Engineering

I/A 251,252 Tejgaon Dhaka Bangladesh


ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE GOODS 3

Abstract• Amylase, Protease, Cellulase, Catalase, Laccase,

Pectinase etc. are widely used in textiles. In Bangladesh we found the use of amylase, cellulase, catalase widely rather than other enzymes. we have described many aspects of application of enzymes in textile with application methods, conditions, mechanisms and affects on the end products & environment with experimental data. Health and safety issues also included here.

• We have studied the effect of bio-polishing by using acid stable cellulase enzyme in different circumstances.



Enzyme

• Enzyme is specialized high molecular weight protein produced within an organism, which is capable of catalyzing specific chemical reaction. They are also known as "Biocatalyst".


5ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE GOODS

Source of enzyme:

1. Vegetable source2. Bacterial source3. Animal source

Classification of enzyme:1. Oxidoreductase2. Transferase3. Hydrolase4. Lyase5. Isomerase6. Ligase or Synthetase

The history of enzymes in textile:

•Amylase at desizing in 1952•Catalase at bleach cleanup in 1993•Pectinase at bio-scouring in 2003


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Lock and key model

Induced fit model



Enzymes used in textile processing

Process Types of enzyme usedDesizing Amylase

Scouring Pectinase

Peroxide killing Catalase

Denim bleaching Laccase

Bio polishing Cellulase

Anti-shrink & Anti-felting on wool Protease



•Hydrolase class of enzyme.•Used for desizing.•Hydrolyses 1-4 α glucosidic linkage of amylase and amylopectin of starch to convert them into soluble dextrins.

Amylase

Process of desizing with amylase:


Mechanism of starch breakdown with amylase



•Hydrolase class of enzyme.•Used for bio-polishing and stone washing effects.•Used in detergent formulations to enhance detergency, improve brightness & remove microfibrils.

Cellulase



Mechanism of cellulase enzymes on cellulosic Fibers

There are four main actions-1. Endocellulase cleave the long cellulose chains randomly to

produce two shorter chains.2. Exocellulase attack one end of the cellulose chain, cleaving

one glucose unit at a time.3. Cellobiohydrolase similarly act on one end of the cellulose

chain, producing a cellobiose molecule.4. Cellobioase degrade cellobiose molecules to the simplest

glucose unit.

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O

H H

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

OO H

OH H

CH2OH

H

H

OH

OH

H

O

H H

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

OO H

OH H

CH2OH

H

H

OH H

O

H H

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

OO H

OH H

CH2OH

H

H

OH H O

OH OH

Exocellulase Cellobiohydrolase

Cellobiase

O

OH OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

H

H H O

OH H

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

OH

OH OH

CH2OH

H

H

OH H

OH

H H

Glucose

O

OH OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

H

H H O

OH OH

H

OHH

OH

CH2OH

H

H H

Glucose

Glucose

Mechanism of cellulase enzymes on cellulosic fibers



Pectinase

•Used for bio-scouring.•BOD & COD are (20-45)% of alkaline scouring (100%).•TDS is (20- 50)% of alkaline scouring (100%).•Handle is very soft compared to harsh feel in alkaline scouring.•Highly suitable for blends containing fibers like wool, silk, viscose, modal, lyocell, lycra etc.

Semi-continuous pad-steam process



Catalase•Oxidoreductase class of enzyme.•Catalase is used for the removal of H2O2 after bleaching.•One catalase molecule can convert 40 million molecules of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen per second.

Efficiency of H2O2 removal*Conventional process Enzymatic process

Process Residual peroxide,

ppm

Process Residual peroxide,

ppm

After bleaching 100 After bleaching 100

After the 1st hot rinse 60 Catalase, 5 min 10

After the 2nd hot rinse 10 Catalase, 10 min 2

After the 1st cold rinse 2 Catalase, 15 min 0.5

Before dyeing 0.5 Catalase, 20 min 0

* Source- Novozymes(1000 kg of fabric, liquid ratio 1:10);


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Scouring:Sodium Hydroxide : 2.5 % Sodium Carbonate : 1 % Cidascour LTJ : 0.5 % Wetting agent : 0.5 % Sodium hexametaphosphate : 0.2 % Temperature : 80 °C Time : 4 – 5 hours pH : 9 – 10 M : L : 1 : 20

Bleaching:Hydrogen peroxide (50%): 0.5 – 1 % Sodium silicate : 1 % Sodium hexametaphosphate : 0.2 % Temperature : 85 °C Time : 2 hours pH : 10–10.5 M : L : 1 : 20

One bath scouring and peroxide bleaching:Sodium hydroxide : 2.5 % Lissapol D : 0.5 % Hydrogen peroxide : 2 – 3 % Sodium silicate : 1.5 % Sodium hexametaphosphate : 0.2 % Temperature : 80 °C Time : 2 – 3 hours pH : 10 – 10.5 M : L : 1 : 20


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Conventional scouring and bleaching

One bath scouring and bleaching

Grey fabric

Cold wash

Hot wash

Hot wash

Cold wash

Scouring at boil

Peroxide bleaching at

85 °C

Hot wash

Hot wash

Cold wash

Drying

Grey fabric

Cold wash

Scouring and peroxide

bleaching at boil

Hot wash

Hot wash

Cold wash

Drying



Bio-polishing recipe:

BP Nano(Cellulase) : 0.9 g/lAcetic acid : 1 g/lT-100 (Peroxide killer) : 0.08 g/lSecuron 540(Seq. agent) : 0.25 g/lTemperature : 55-60 °CTime : 40-60 min.pH : 4.5-5


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Process flow chart of bio-polishing

Fresh water and fabric load at 45°C

Temperature raise to 60°C

Detergent & peroxide stabilizer (Inject)

Run for 5 min

Inject NaOH and run 5 min.

Raise temperature to 70°C

H2O2 inject and run 5 min.


Run for 30 min.

Drain out

BP Nano & Acetic acid

Securon 540 & peroxide killer


Run for 1 hr.

Rinsing and unload


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Bio-polishing after dyeing Bio-polishing before dyeingWell scoured and bleached

sample

Dye addition

Salt addition ( 2 installment )

Soda ash addition

( 2 installment )

Dyeing

Hot wash

Hot wash

Soaping ( at boil )

Hot wash

Cold wash

Bio-polishing

Cold wash

Drying

Well scoured and bleached

sample

Bio-polishing

Cold wash

Drying

Dye addition

Salt addition

Addition of soda ash

Hot wash

Hot wash

Soaping

Hot wash

Cold wash

Drying



ResultProperties Factors affecting bio- polishing

Concentration Temperature pH M : L Time (min.)

1% 2% 3% 45°C 50°C 55°C 4-5 5-6 6-7 1:10 1:15 1:20 40 50 60

Weight loss (%) 0.77 1.46 2.12 1.03 1.45 2.56 1.21 1.1 0.93 1.12 0.62 0.51 1.01 1.42 2.48

Abrasion (mm) 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07

Wash fastness 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4-5 4 4 3 4-5 4 4 4-5 4-5 4-5

Pilling rating 3 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 3 3 4 4 4



Effects of enzyme treatment on dyeing propertyProperties Results

Concentration of Enzyme1% 2% 3% 1% 2% 3%

Enzymes treatment after dyeing Enzyme treatment before dyeing

Weight loss (%) 0.77 1.23 1.89 0.79 1.25 1.93

Abrasion (mm) 0.04 0.07 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.09

Wash fastness 4 4-5 4-5 2-3 3 3-4

Pilling rating 3 4 4 3 4 4

K/S Values 9.6 8.9 8.1 9.9 9.9 9.9


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Discussion• The best result is obtained at 1:10, M : L and 3% concentration • Enzyme shows maximum activity at pH (5 – 5.5) & 55 °C

temperature . But optimum bio-polishing is obtained at pH 4-5.• The best bio-polishing effect is obtained at 50 min. treatment

time. • Depth of shade increases when enzyme treatment is given

before dyeing and the depth decreases when enzyme treatment is given after dyeing.

• Pilling tendency decreases with application of enzyme. • One bath bio-polishing effect is not as good as the two bath

method. ENZYMATIC TREATMENTS ON TEXTILE GOODS



Conclusion• Chemical processes have inherent drawbacks from

commercial and environmental point of view.• Harsh and hazardous chemical processes involving high

temperature, pressure, acidity, or alkalinity, need high capital investment and specially designed equipment and control systems.

• Enzymes have contributed to more environmentally adapted processes because they are bio-degradable, they can replace harsh chemicals and they reduce high temperatures & pressures.

Date post:	06-May-2015
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