Enzymes: Special ProteinsEnzymes: Special Proteins

SWBAT•Determine the functions of enzymes•Determine enzyme regulation •Determine the effect of temperature, pH, and enzyme/substrate concentration on enzyme activity

Properties of Enzymes Properties

They are proteins

Highly specific

Have active site

Reused/ remains unchanged

LOWERS ACTIVATION ENERGY!!! Energy required to start a

chemical reaction

Enzymes are recycled and reused manytimes for the same type of reaction (never used up) Example: Sucrase converts sucrose glucose + fructose

Sucrase remains unchanged

Factors that affect enzymes

Factors that affect the strength of an enzyme: pH Temperature Concentration of

enzymes Concentration of

Substrate

Temperature Temperature

Each enzyme has an optimum temperature in which it works the best

Also a range of temperature in which it will work When the temperature drops/cools, activity of

enzyme decreases/slows down When temperature increases

1. Rate of reaction increases2. Then decreases3. Then stops (Denature)

Most Biological Enzymes work in a temperature of 37°C

pH

Most of biological enzymes work in a pH of 7, but there are some exceptions (Pepsin and Trypsin)

Enzymes are affected by pH and have an optimum pH

If the pH goes above or beyond the range, the enzyme becomes denatured

Concentration of Substrate and Enzymes The rate of reaction of the enzyme can

be increased by increasing the concentration of the enzyme

After a while the rate of reaction becomes constant

At this point , the rate of the reaction can be increased only by increasing the concentration of the substrate