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Enzymes• Special proteins• Increase the speed of
biochemical reactions (catalysts)
• Lower the activation energy of chemical reactions
• Usually end in “ase”• Named after the
substrate they act upon• Critical to life
How Enzymes Work
• Active site: region where the reaction takes place – specific shape
• Substrates: reactants– specific shape– bind to active site
How Enzymes Work
1. Substrates bind to enzyme’s active site. - lock and key or puzzle piece fit
How Enzymes Work
2. Enzyme substrate complex- chemical reaction occurs
Enzyme-Substrate
Complex
How Enzymes Work
3. New products are released- enzyme can be used again
Types of Reactions
• Decomposition: when a large molecule is broken down into smaller molecules– Ex: 2H2O2 2H2O + O2
• Enzyme = catalase
• Synthesis: when 2 or more small molecules are combined to form a larger molecule– Ex: RNA Polymerase combines nucleotides to form
RNA
How Enzymes Work
http://highered.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0072495855/student_view0/chapter2/animation__how_enzymes_work.html
Conditions
• Most enzymes need a certain temperature and pH range• If enzymes are exposed to conditions outside their designated
temperature and pH range, they could denature (unfold and become non-functional)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUCgAxI8rhg
QuizSubstrates/Reactants
Active Site
Enzyme
Enzyme-Substrate Complex
Product
Quiz (cont.)Decomposition or Synthesis Reaction?
Decomposition or Synthesis Reaction?