Enzymes
Word Endings
Sugars end in __________· glucose· fructose· maltose
Enzymes end in __________· maltase· protease· lactase
Humans that are lactose intolerant don't produce the enzyme lactase to digest milk
sugar
Enzymes can break _______ down, or put
________ together.
http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=enzyme+action&view=detail&mid=266902AB5627FB3EE9CC266902AB5627FB3EE9CC&first=0&FORM=LKVR
A ________ reaction is a process that changes one set of chemicals into another set of chemicals.
chemical slowlyquickly reactantsproducts
Some chemical reactions occur ________, such as the
combination of iron and oxygen to form an iron oxide called rust.
Other reactions occur _________. When hydrogen
gas is ignited in the presence of oxygen, the
reaction is rapid and explosive.
The elements or compounds that enter into a chemical reaction are known as ___________. The resulting material produced by that reaction are known as _______.
2H2 + O2 2H2O
Some chemical reactions ________ energy & other chemical reactions ________ energy.
release absorb energy plants animals activation energy
What significance do these energy changes
have for living things? In order to stay alive,
organisms need to carry out reactions that require __________. Thus, every
organism must have a source of energy to carry out chemical reactions.
________ get their energy by trapping and storing the energy from sunlight in energy-rich compounds.
_________ get their energy when they consume plants or
other animals.
Chemists call the energy that is needed to get a reaction started the _____________________.
Some chemical reactions that make life possible are too _______, or have activation energies that are too ______ to make them practical for living
tissue.
A __________ is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction. Catalysts work by
_________ a reaction's activation energy.
_____________ are known as catalysts.
slow high catalyst lowering ENZYMES
ENZYMES are a type of _________________ Enzymes work like a ___________________ - the substrate is the
lock and the enzyme is the key_____________ - they only work with one particular substrate
(remember a key only fits one lock)______________ - can be used over and over (the same key can
fit a lock again and again)Affected by __________________ - can denature at high levels
(reason why high fever can be life- threatening; the key gets bent and won't work in the lock any longer)
Affected by ________- can denature at extreme pH______________ - speeds up a chemical reaction (the quickest
way to get in your house is by using the lock & key - not the only way, but the quickest way)
proteinlock & key specificreusable temperature pH catalyst
KEY CONCEPTS ABOUT ENZYMES
And now…. time for a review quiz
_ _ _ _ & _ _ _
ENZYME PRODUCT SUBSTRATE
ENZYMATIC ACTION
Catalysts _ _ _ _ _ up chemical reactions by _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ the activation energy that
gets the reaction going
MATCH THE LETTERS (A-F) TO THESE TERMS:
Reactants
Products
Activation energy without enzyme
Activation energy with enzyme
Reaction pathway without enzyme
Reaction pathway with enzyme
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _Not used up in a
chemical reaction.
Eventually, like most proteins, will slowly ‘wear out’ and be
eliminated by the body. New ones are quickly manufactured by the
cell(s).
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 1:1relationship
between type of
enzyme & type of
substrate
Affected by high
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _
The ‘white’ of a chicken egg is pure protein (albumin).
The yolk is mostly fat and cholesterol.
Temperatures greatly higher than the normal body environment can cause
proteins to begin to ‘denature’. This is why a high fever can cause problems
with digestion and thought processes. On the other hand, many bacteria are
even more sensitive to higher temperatures. This is why a fever kills
them when you’re sick.
AffectedBy
Extreme__ __
ACIDIC
BASIC
NEUTRAL
0.0
7.0
14.0
Average human pH ~ 7.2-7.4