– Track recovery of the ozone layer
– Understand aspects of how composition affects climate
– Quantify aspects of pollution in the upper troposphere
EOS MLS Overall Objectives
AuraAura
MLS
The EOS MLS Instrument Advanced follow-on to UARS MLS launched in 1991
radiometers in 5 broad bands between 118 GHz, 2.5 THz455 kg, 535 W , 100 kb/s data, 28 spectrometers
Pioneers satellite measurements over full submillimeterwavelength region (0.1 - 3 mm)
enabled by new technology, mostly developed by JPL
Flight instrument
1.6 m GHz
antennaspectro-meters,
digitizers,and data
handling
telemetry
GHz caltargets
THz caltarget
space view
atmo-sphericsignals
and space views
GHz switching
mirror and
optical multi-plexer
190 GHz
240 GHz
640 GHz
2.5 THz
118 GHz
0.25 m THz scan
mirror
THz telescope
Signal Flow Block Diagram
MLS Atmospheric Measurements
Solid lines indicate useful individual profile measurements are generally obtained.Dashed lines indicate that averages are generally needed for useful precision.
MLS Measurement of Cloud Ice in Upper Troposphere Will improve global circulation models (GCMs) used for weather and climate forecasts and help quantify the upper tropospheric (UT) hydrological cycle, including water vapor feedbacks on climate change
Aura MLS: Jan 2005 mean
ECMWF analyses: Jan 2005 mean
UCLA-Liou GCM: 5-year Jan mean
GFDL-RAS GCM: 18-year Jan mean
NCAR CAM3 GCM: 10-year Jan mean
GFDL-Donner GCM:20-year Jan mean
UT cloud ice from MLS, ECMWF analyses, and various GCMs
Li et al., GRL 32, L14826, 2005
Cloud ice increase with sea surface temperature >300 K leads to convective moistening of UT, and H2O feedback ~3x above that implied solely by thermodynamics
Su et al., GRL 33, L05709, 2006 sea surface temperature (K)
300K
UT H2Oconvective cloud ice
300K 300K
greenhouse parameter
MLS Measurement of CO in Upper Troposphere CO from biofuels and from biomass burning is lofted by convection, with a major pathway over Tibet into the stratosphere Detection of CO pollution lofted to the upper troposphere and temporarily ‘trapped’ in anticyclone over south Asia
Filipiak et al., GRL 32, L14825, 2005Li et al., GRL 32, L14826, 2005
Quantifying convective transport over the Tibetan plateau – and discovering it is a ‘short circuit’ to the global stratosphere
Uses data primarily from MLS, but also from MODIS, AIRS and TRMMFu et al., Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., April 2006
Detection of ‘CO tape recorder’ in lower stratosphere, and linking it to seasonal changes in biomass burning
Reproduced by GMI chemical transport modelSchoeberl et al., GRL, in review
MLS 150 hPa CO: 25 Aug – 6 Sep 04
orange is ~120 ppbvgreen is ~60 ppbv
frequency of >80 ppbv CO abundances at 100 hPa
MLS (day 0)
back trajectories-5 days -20 days
CO deviation from mean vs. time and height
MLS Upper Troposphere Weekly Mean Maps for 9-15 Apr 2006 at 100 hPaWhite contours: GMAO PV = 3.5 (10-6Km2kg-1s-1) indicative of dynamical tropopause
Black contours: GMAO OLR = 240 W/m2 for IWC map and IWC = 0.3 mg/m3 for other maps indicative of deep convection
MLS Cloud Ice (mg/m3)
-3.5
-3.5
240 240
240
240240
240240
240240
240
0.0 0.1 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.8
MLS Relative Humidity (%)
-3.5
0 8 17 25 33 42 50 58 67 75 83 92 100
MLS H2O (ppmv)
-3.5
3.7 4.0 4.2 4.5 4.8 5.1 5.4 5.6 5.9
cloud-filtered MLS CO (ppbv)
-3.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
cloud-filtered MLS O3 (ppbv)
-3.5
16 31 47 63 78 94 109 125
MLS Temperature (K)
-3.5
180 186 193 199 205 211 218 224 230
GEOS4-CHEM NRT CO (ppbv)
-3.5
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
GEOS4-CHEM NRT O3 (ppbv)
-3.5
9 19 28 38 47 56 66 75
GMAO GEOS-4 FLK H2O (ppmv)
-3.5
1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0
Produced by Jonathan Jiang of the MLS team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA, from EOS MLS, GEOS-CHEM and GMAO GEOS-4 data. JPL Clearance CL#05-3903
MLS Upper Troposphere Weekly Mean Maps for 9-15 Apr 2006 at 147 hPaWhite contours: GMAO PV = 3.5 (10-6Km2kg-1s-1) indicative of dynamical tropopause
Black contours: GMAO OLR = 240 W/m2 for IWC map and IWC = 1 mg/m3 for other maps indicative of deep convection
MLS Cloud Ice (mg/m3)
-3.5 -3.5
240 240
240
240240
240240
240240
240
0.0 0.4 0.8 1.1 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.6 3.0
MLS Relative Humidity (%)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
0 8 17 25 33 42 50 58 67 75 83 92 100
MLS H2O (ppmv)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
3.6 7.2 10.8 14.4 18.0
cloud-filtered MLS CO (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
11 27 43 60 76 92 108 125
cloud-filtered MLS O3 (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
10 26 42 57 73 89 104 120
MLS Temperature (K)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230
GEOS4-CHEM NRT CO (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
11 23 34 45 56 68 79 90
GEOS4-CHEM NRT O3 (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
9 19 28 38 47 56 66 75
GMAO GEOS-4 FLK H2O (ppmv)
-3.5 -3.5
111 1
1
3.6 7.2 10.8 14.4 18.0
Produced by Jonathan Jiang of the MLS team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA, from EOS MLS, GEOS-CHEM and GMAO GEOS-4 data. JPL Clearance CL#05-3903
MLS Upper Troposphere Weekly Mean Maps for 9-15 Apr 2006 at 215 hPaWhite contours: GMAO PV = 3.5 (10-6Km2kg-1s-1) indicative of dynamical tropopause
Black contours: GMAO OLR = 240 W/m2 for IWC map and IWC = 3 mg/m3 for other maps indicative of deep convection
MLS Cloud Ice (mg/m3)
-3.5 -3.5240 240
240
240240
240240
240240
240
0.0 1.2 2.3 3.5 4.7 5.8 7.0
MLS Relative Humidity (%)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
0 8 17 25 33 42 50 58 67 75 83 92 100
MLS H2O (ppmv)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
17.5 35.0 52.5 70.0 87.5 105.0 122.5 140.0
cloud-filtered MLS CO (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
17 42 67 92 117 142 167 192
cloud-filtered MLS O3 (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
10 26 42 57 73 89 104 120
MLS Temperature (K)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
195 199 203 206 210 214 218 221 225
GEOS4-CHEM NRT CO (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
11 23 34 45 56 68 79 90
GEOS4-CHEM NRT O3 (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
9 19 28 38 47 56 66 75
GMAO GEOS-4 FLK H2O (ppmv)
-3.5 -3.5
33
3
3 3
17.5 35.0 52.5 70.0 87.5 105.0 122.5 140.0
Produced by Jonathan Jiang of the MLS team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA, from EOS MLS, GEOS-CHEM and GMAO GEOS-4 data. JPL Clearance CL#05-3903
MLS Upper Troposphere Weekly Mean Maps for 9-15 Apr 2006 at 316 hPaWhite contours: GMAO PV = 3.5 (10-6Km2kg-1s-1) indicative of dynamical tropopause
Black contours: GMAO OLR = 240 W/m2 for IWC map and IWC = 3 mg/m3 for other maps indicative of deep convection
MLS Cloud Ice (mg/m3)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5240 240
240
240240
240240
240240
240
0.0 1.2 2.3 3.5 4.7 5.8 7.0
MLS Relative Humidity (%)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120
MLS H2O (ppmv)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
33
33
75.0 150.0 225.0 300.0 375.0 450.0 525.0 600.0
cloud-filtered MLS CO (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
-5 31 67 103 140 176 212 248
cloud-filtered MLS O3 (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
-51 -23 6 35 64 93 121 150
MLS Temperature (K)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245
GEOS4-CHEM NRT CO (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
12 23 35 47 58 70 81 93
GEOS4-CHEM NRT O3 (ppbv)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
9 19 28 38 47 56 66 75
GMAO GEOS-4 FLK H2O (ppmv)
-3.5 -3.5-3.5
-3.5
3
33
33
3
3
333 3 3
3
3
33
75.0 150.0 225.0 300.0 375.0 450.0 525.0 600.0
Produced by Jonathan Jiang of the MLS team at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with NASA, from EOS MLS, GEOS-CHEM and GMAO GEOS-4 data. JPL Clearance CL#05-3903