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EPA Air Policy Perspectives
Presentation to 2nd Workshop onIntercontinental Transport and Climatic Effects of Air
Pollutants (ICAP)
Chapel Hill, NC
21 November 2003John Bachmann
Associate Director for Science/Policy and New ProgramsOAQPS/Office of Air and Radiation
EPA Policy Priorities• Domestic traditional air pollution agenda
– Implementing ozone and PM2.5 national ambient air quality standards– Reviewing and potential revisions of ozone and PM NAAQS
• Background• Regional and local effects on weather and climate
– Reducing risk of air toxics – local, persistent– Integrated programs for major source categories– Issue: how does international transport affect these programs?
• International Policy Issues – International Agreements– US/Canada/Mexico– Transport from Asia, transport to Europe
• Understanding climate interactions– Integrating climate and international/regional air pollution issues– Effects of air pollution on global/regional scale climate– Effects of global climate change on air pollution
PM Regulatory Schedules
8-hr Ozone Standards2004 EPA makes nonattainment
designations2005-09 New NOx Rule/NAAQS Review2007-08 States develop/submit SIPs 2007-08 EPA approves SIPs2007-19 Attainment deadlines vary
PM2.5 Standards (fine particles)2004 EPA makes nonattainment
designations, complete NAAQS review2004 EPA Issues CAIR SOx/NOx
transport2004-08 States develop/submit SIPs,
complete current NAAQS review2008-09 EPA approves SIPs2010-14 Attainment deadlines, new NAAQS
reviewRegional Haze Program
2007-08 States submit regional haze SIPs
2008-09 EPA approves SIPs
2013-18 Plants must install BART or comply with backstop
trading program
Mobile Source Program2004 Non-road diesel proposal
2003-- Other non-road categories
2004 Tier 2 becomes effective
2007 HD diesel rules effective
International transport/climate interactions Scale: global/regional
* in 106 kg/year/1ox1o grid (David Streets & Tami Bond, 2002)
Global Black Carbon Emissions
Asia a Priority: Air Quality/Health Improvements have climate benefits
CO2 (1.4) Black Carbon PM (1.4)
Ozone
Air Pollution (PM and O3) significant Climate Forcers
Modeling intercontinental ozone transport – significant component of background
Climate change is not always global•INDOEX, other preliminary work suggest significant potential of BC aerosol for affecting hydrologic cycle on a regional basis
•Significant effects of Asian pollution on health, crops
•Short-life of conventional pollutants suggests rapid response to reductions
• Intercontinental Transport - impact to US & others?
– Need improved global/regional emission inventories for O3 and PM precursors partitioned by
source sectors
– Need nested global and regional models
– Need policy-relevant future emission projections
• Climatic Effects of AP - direct and indirect effects?
– Need global climate/chemistry model to estimate climate response for selected policy-relevant
emission projections,
– Develop approaches for quantifying direct and indirect climate responses on the perturbation of
climate-forcing pollutants
• U.S. & other developed countries’ emissions – impact to air quality in other
regions?
Issue: air pollution effects on climate – prospects for integration