EPA’s New Strategy on Green Infrastructure

Region V Partner: Cleveland/Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District

Kellie C. Rotunno, P.E., BCEE, M.ASCE

Director of Engineering & Construction

Agenda

• NEORSD CSO Plan Overview

• How NEORSD’s Consent Decree Turned Green

• Cleveland’s GI Opportunities

• Cleveland’s GI Realities

– Lifecycle Cost Comparisons

• Pathway to Compliance

Combined Sewer Area (81 sq. mi)

Service Area (355 sq. mi.)

Combined Sewer Area

NEORSD CSO PLAN OVERVIEW

Combined Sewer Overflows

97%Capture 98%

Capture

2010 CD2002 Plan

NEORSD CSO Plan Level of Control

411 MGDChemically Enhanced High-rate Treatment

7

Expansion of secondary capacity

and Chemically Enhanced High-rate Treatment

400 MGD Chemically

Enhanced High-rate Treatment

Expansion of secondary Treatment capacity to 400 MGD

$1,530,000,000

$486,000,000

$52,500,000

$310,500,000

$370,000,000

$14,000,000

$230,000,000 Tunnels

Sewer Improvements (consolidation sewers, relief sewers)

Green Infrastructure (Minimum Amount of Investment)

Plant Improvements

Pump Stations

Storage Tanks

Other

NEORSD CSO LTCP Consent Decree$3B Investment in CSO Control Measures over

25 Years

THE GREENING OF A CSO ENFORCEMENT ACTION

Combined Sewer Overflows

Increased Tunnel Sizes Considered to Further

Enhance LOC

Original Plan

December 2009

Proposal

Difference

Dia OF Dia OFIncreased

CostAdd’l Vol.Ctrl.

(MG)Cost / Add'l

Gal

Shoreline Storage Tunnel 21’ 3 25’ 1 $63.8 M 14.62 $4.36

Doan Valley Tunnel 17’ 3 20’ 1 $42.5 M 12.73 $3.34

Westerly Tunnel 18’ 4 28’ 1 $75.7 M 35.04 $2.16

$182 M 62.39 MG $2.92Totals

11

Westerly Tunnel Increased From 18’ to 24’

Shoreline Tunnel Sizing Maintained (upsized consolidation sewers)

Doan Valley Tunnel Sizing Maintained (upsized consolidation sewers)

Additional Levels of Control Achieved Through

Traditional Gray and GI

Tunnel System Additional Capital Costs ($M)

Additional Annual CSO Capture (MG)

Shoreline Tunnel (Upsized Consolidation Sewers)

$11 3.07

Doan Valley Tunnel(Upsized Consolidation Sewers)

$2.27 1.12

Westerly Tunnel(Upsized tunnel from 18’ to 24’)

$39.87 14.02

Subtotal $53.14 18.21

Additional Annual CSO Capture Goal

62.39

Remaining Annual CSO Capture Goal

$42M 44.18

Green Infrastructure (GI) Proposed In-lieu of Bigger Tunnels

Dis

tric

t Pro

pose

d G

ray C

SO

Captu

re

Million Gallons

District

Proposal

Dis

tric

t Pro

pose

d G

ray C

SO

Captu

re

District Proposal + Green

Infrastructure

LOCa

44 MG

LOCb

Appendix 3: 44MG of additional CSO control through GI

Appendix 4: Opportunity to replace gray with green infrastructure

CONSENT DECREE GREEN INFRASTRUCTURE

Components

Consent Decree Requirements

GRAY CAPTURE4,037 million gallons

REMAINING

Appendix 3: 44 million gallons

Appendix 4: Green for Gray

Consent Decree Timelines

20352010 GRAY INFRASTRUCTURE TIMELINE

Appendix 3 GI Plan Submittal

Appendix 3 Compliance Review

Appendix 3 Post ConstructionMonitoring PlanSubmittal

USEPA Region V GI Partner

Cleveland/NEORSD

– Austin

– Boston

– Cleveland

– Denver

– Jacksonville

– Kansas City

– Los Angeles

– Puyallup, WA

– Syracuse

– Washington, DC

• Advance GI

• Inform and guide national policy

Green Infrastructure partners USEPA works with partners

as model communities

CLEVELAND’S GI OPPORTUNITIES

Reshaping Cleveland’s Urban Drainage Systems

Cleveland’s CSO Area is More Than 80-Percent Impervious

Cleveland’s CSO Area Has Significant Vacant Land

Available

INSERT MAP

Remaining CSO Volumes are Geographically Dispersed

Identification of Priority Areas

for 44 MG/$42 million

Well-drained soils

Available land

Partnering opportunities

Imperviousness

Parks > 3 acres

Greenways

Development opportunities

Annual CSO volume Collection system response

Green Infrastructure Index

NEORSD’s Priority GI Areas

Areas of Remaining CSO Volumes Modeled to Measure

Responsiveness to Changes in DCIA

Re

ma

inin

g A

nn

ua

l C

SO

Vo

lum

e (

MG

)P

erc

en

t De

cre

ase

in O

ve

rflow

Vo

lum

e (M

G)

0%

10%

30%

20%

40%

50%

60%

80%

70%

90%

100%

1

0.01

0.1

0.001

10

100

1000

CSO Reductions From Stormwater Control

2

5

10

9

6

3

87

4

1

Stormwater Gallons Controlled

1

CSO Gallon Controlled

Concept for Priority Area E-11

Use existing separate storm sewers

Green street and new storm sewer in trench

with relief sewerStormwater control in Beulah

Park

Incorporate GI features within Tunnel/Relief Sewer construction corridor

Potential for 2.5 million gallons of CSO reduction in typical year

Concept for Priority Area E-11

CLEVELAND’S GI REALITIES

Combined Sewer Overflows

Zeroing-in on 44 MG of Additional CSO Control

CSO Area: 52,000 Acres

GI Projects ~1,000 Acres

Priority Areas ~13,000 Acres

Approach within Priority Areas

• Approach to site evaluation and project development

– Seek stormwater offloading opportunities where possible

– Incorporate community and transformational benefits

– Repurpose vacant land

– Support viable partners

Land Requirements & Partnerships

Land Requirements – Maximize use of vacant land

• City of Cleveland

• Cuyahoga County Land Reutilization Corporation

Partnership Opportunities – Build on existing efforts

• University Circle Inc.

• Burten, Bell, Carr Community Development Corporation

• Slavic Village Community Development Corporation

• Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority

• Neighborhood Progress, Inc.

• ParkWorks

• Cleveland Urban Design Collaborative

GREEN-FOR-GRAY OPPORTUNITIES (APPENDIX 4)

Combined Sewer Overflows

Green-for-Gray Opportunities

• Consent Decree Appendix 4 allows on-going evaluation for eliminating or down-sizing of Gray Infrastructure through use of GI

• No timeframe limitations other than linkage to associated gray project design

Lifecycle cost estimatesDeveloped consistent with “Gray”

• Lifecycle costs

• Design & construction

Co

nstr

ucti

on

O&

MR

ep

lace

/

Re

ne

w

Co

nstr

ucti

on

O&

M

Operation & maintenance

Energy costs

Maintenance

Operations Replace / Renew

Restore effectiveness

Other Benefits: “triple bottom line”

Lifecycle Costs

GrayGreen

PATHWAY TO COMPLIANCE AND GREEN LESSONS

Combined Sewer Overflows

GI Compliance Requirements

• GI Study Submittal December 31, 2011

• Use of hydraulic/hydrologic model

– Demonstrate Final LOC provided by CSO LTCP Projects

– Demonstrate Final LOC including CSO LTCP Projects + GI Projects

• Evaluation of EJ Considerations as co-benefit to GI Program

Next Steps in GI Program Development and

Implementation

Appendix 3: GI Feasibility Study

Appendix 4: Doan Valley

Tunnel “

Preliminary (30%) Design of

GI Projects

GI Early Action Project

Identification, Final Design & Construction

Full Program Final Design and

Construction

2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Complete

Remaining

Consent Decree GI Completion Mandate7/8/2019

Green Lessons Learned

• Focus on “Additional CSO Capture” skews the type and locations of GI Projects

• GI behaves differently than Gray Infrastructure throughout the range of anticipated storms

• Focus on CSO volume reductions requires hydraulically different approach from traditional stormwater LID