Epithelia comes in 2 forms:1. Glandular epithelia 2. Membranous epithelia

Functions:• Protection• Absorption• Filtration• Excretion• Secretion• Sensory reception

Exocrine Glandducted glands

Exocrine Glandducted glands

Merocrine gland Holocrine gland

Goblet cells

Secretes product directly directly in blood

Secretes product through duct

• Simple Squamous Epithelium• Simple Cuboidal Epithelium• Simple Columnar Epithelium• Stratified Epithelium• Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium• Transitional Epithelium

Simple Squamous EpitheliumSimple Squamous Epithelium

Function: gas exchange in lungsLocation: lines blood vessels, lymph vessels and various membranes within the thorax and abdomen

Simple Squamous CellsSimple Squamous Cells

Frog skin

Simple Cuboidal Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium

Function: secretion and absorption

Location: kidney tubules

Simple Cuboidal Simple Cuboidal EpitheliumEpithelium

Mammalian kidney

Simple Columnar Simple Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

Function: protection, secretion and absorption (associated w/goblet cells-exocrine) Location: lines uterus and digestive tract

Simple Columnar Simple Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

1. Smooth muscle (long. layer) 2. Smooth muscle (circ. layer) 3. Simple columnar epithelium 4. Goblet cell 5. Lumen of the intestine

Cross section of small intestine

Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium

Function: protects underlying cells from harmful env. effects

Location: covers skin, lines mouth and throat, vagina, and anal canal

Stratified Squamous Stratified Squamous EpitheliumEpithelium

1. Stratified squamous epithelium 2. Lumen of the esophagus 3. Connective tissue

Cross section of esophagus

Epidermis of the Epidermis of the SkinSkin

cornified layer of dead cellscornified layer of dead cells

stratified squamous epithelium

stratified squamous epithelium

Pseudostratified Columnar Pseudostratified Columnar EpitheliumEpithelium

goblet cellgoblet cell

Function: secretion and propulsion of mucus

Location: lines respiratory and reproductive system

Stratified columnar

Function: protection and secretion

Location: rare in body, small amount in male urethra and in large ducts of some glands

Transitional

Function: stretches

Location: lines ureters, bladder and part of urethra

Tight Junction • fluid tight seal • prevents fluid from leaving a cavity

  Anchoring Junction (adherens, desmosome &

hemidesmosome) • tissues that stretch, ex. Heart muscle

  Gap Junction

• passage of chemical & electrical signals

Contact points between the plasma membrane of tissue cells.

Gap Junction

Hemidesmosome Desmosome Adherens

Tight Junction

Connective TissuesConnective Tissues

• Loose Connective Tissue• Dense Connective Tissue• Adipose Tissue• Cartilage• Bone• Blood

Connective TissuesConnective TissuesFunctions:1. Connects body parts2. Protection3. Insulation4. Transport substances

Common characteristics:1. All originate from mesenchyme2. Well vascularized3. Extracellular matrix

Three main elements:1. Ground substance2. Fibers3. Cells

Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue

Embryonic Connective Tissue

Loose Connective TissueLoose Connective Tissue(areolar)(areolar)

1. Collagen fiber2. Elastic fiber

Location: lymphoid organs- spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue

Adipose TissueAdipose Tissue

Dense Connective Dense Connective TissueTissue

Dense Regular Connective Dense Regular Connective TissueTissue

Cross section of tendon

CartilageCartilage

Hyaline Hyaline CartilageCartilage

Costal cartilage between ribs

Elastic Elastic CartilageCartilage

chondrocytes in lacunaechondrocytes in lacunae

elastic fiberselastic fibers

FibrocartilageFibrocartilage

chondrocyte chondrocyte in lacunain lacuna

collagen collagen fibersfibers

Invertebral discs, pubic symphysis, disks of knees

BoneBone

Compact Compact bonebone

spongy spongy bonebone

Compact BoneCompact Bone

Compact BoneCompact Bone

osteocytes osteocytes in lacunaein lacunae

central central canalcanal

canaliculi canaliculi in matrixin matrix

BloodBlood

erythrocyteserythrocytesleukocytesleukocytes

Muscle TissuesMuscle Tissues

• Skeletal Muscle Tissue• Smooth Muscle Tissue• Cardiac Muscle Tissue

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle TissueTissue

Skeletal Muscle Skeletal Muscle TissueTissue

Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue

Smooth Muscle TissueSmooth Muscle Tissue

Cardiac Muscle Cardiac Muscle TissueTissue

Cardiac Muscle TissueCardiac Muscle Tissue

Nervous Nervous TissueTissue

Biology 100Biology 100Human BiologyHuman Biology

Main Body Cavities

Planes of Symmetry

Distal

Proximal

Frontal plane

Posterior

AnteriorMidsagittalplane

Transverse plane

Superior

Inferior

Medial & Lateral

oblique

Organ Systems

Organ Systems

The Skin as an Organ

Protection- mechanical, chemical, bacterial

Cooling the body

Prevent water loss

Synthesize vitamin D

Sensation

Function

The SkinThe Skin

An organ, cells constantly dying and being replaced

Facts:Weighs 9-11 lbs

s.a. = 1.5-2m2

1 cm2 has 70 cm blood vessels, 55 cmnerves, 100 sweat glands, 15 oil glands, 230 sensory receptors

New skin produced in 25-45 days

The Epidermis

The Language of Anatomy

1. What are the four types of planes that may be passed through the body?

2. Is the radius proximal to the humerus? 3. Is the esophagus anterior to the trachea? 4. Are the ribs superficial to the lungs?5. Is the urinary bladder medial to the

ascending colon? 6. Is the sternum lateral to the descending

colon?7. A mature bone cell is called ____?

Inquiry

1. What is the difference between the three types of muscle tissue?

2. What type of epithelia tissue has many layers of flattened cells?

3. What layer in the epidermis are new skin cells produced?

4. What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

5. Which organ system includes the thymus and pancreas?