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Epithelial Membranes
•3 Types•Cutaneous•Mucous•Serous
Cutaneous Membrane
•SKIN!•Exposed to air and is a dry membrane
Mucous Membrane
•Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior.•They are wet/moist membranes that are almost continuously bathed in secretions.
Serous Membrane
•Lines body cavities that are closed to the exterior.•Occur in pairs (Visceral & Parietal)
Visceral & Parietal?
•Visceral Serosa: The covering that touches the organ.•Parietal Serosa: The outer covering that does NOT touch the organ•The 2 layers are separated by a clear fluid called serous fluid.
The prefix “Peri-”…
•Means “to cover”•Ex: Peritoneum: Covers organs of the abdominal cavity.
Pericardium: Covers the heart
(exc.) Pleura: Covers the lungs
Connective Tissue Membranes
•Synovial Membrane•Composed of connective
tissue•Contain NO epithelial cells•Found surrounding your
joints•Provide a smooth surface
and secrete lubricating fluid
Integumentary System
•Made up of skin and its components such as sweat, oil, glands, hair, & nails.
Functions of the Integumentary System
•Protection•Regulate Body Temperature•Insulates & Cushions•Makes Vitamin D•Prevents Water Loss
Structure of Integumentary System
•2 Types of tissues:•Stratified Squamous (epidermis)•Dense Connective Tissue (dermis)
•Subcutaneous Tissue: Adipose tissue deep to the dermis. Serve as a shock absorber & insulates deeper tissue.
(hypodermis)
Formation of a Blister
Blister: Forms when the epidermis and dermis separate from each other•Friction/burns•Separation fills with interstitial fluid
Epidermis•Avascular (Men can shave skin layers daily and not bleed!)•5 Layers (Deep Superficial)
1. Stratum basale2. Stratum spinosum3. Stratum granulosum4. Stratum lucidum5. Stratum corneum (Thickest layer)
Bottom
Top
Stratified squamous
Keratinized
Layers of the Epidermis
“Bio Students Graduate Less Crazy”
Epidermis still…..
•Melanin: Pigment which ranges in color from yellow to brown to black.•Produced by cells called melanocytes.•Found in the Stratum basale.
Dermis (dense connective tissue)
• Papillary•Upper dermal region•Have dermal papillae•Fingerprints• Identifying films of sweat
• Reticular
•Deepest skin layer•Contains blood vessels, sweat & oil glands•Nerve endings•Pain receptors•Touch receptors
Dermis….continued
Contains:1. Collagen•Toughness of skin•Attract and bind water for skin hydration
2. Elastic Fibers•Skin elasticity•Decreases as age increases….leads to
sagginess and wrinkles
Hypodermis
•Deep to dermis •Not part of the skin•Anchors skin•Adipose tissue
Red face after running?
•Blood vessels become engorged and move to the surface of the skin to cool off and regulate body temperature.
Skin Color•3 Contributions to skin color:
1. Melanin: (yellow, red, brown, black…)2. Carotene: (orange, yellow)3. Amount of Oxygen in hemoglobin
Skin color conditions
•Erythema: Blushing•Blanching: Pale Ghost (Vasorestriction)•Jaundice: Yellowing of Skin•Hematoma: Bruise