EPITHELIAL TISSUESquamousCuboidalColumnar

SimpleStratified

Simple squamous: air sacs of lungs, diffusion

Simple cuboidal: kidney tubules, filtration

Simple columnar: lining of intestines, secretion and absorption

Stratified Squamous: skin, lining of mouth, esophagus and rectum, protection

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar, lines respiratory tract, secretion

Epithelial Quiz Simple squamous tissue

Exocrine Glands: secrete to ducts that lead into or out of the body

Merocrine: exocytosis, eccrine sweat glands, salivary, pancreas, etc

Apocrine: tip pinches off, axillary and groin sweat glands

Holocrine: cells rupture when secrete, oil glands

Endocrine: secrete to blood

Apocrine: apex pinches off like a Hershey kiss

Classification of Body MembranesClassification of Body Membranes

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Epithelial membranes

Cutaneous membrane

Mucous membrane

Serous membrane

Connective tissue membranes

Cutaneous MembraneCutaneous Membrane

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Cutaneous membrane = skin A dry membrane

Outermost protective boundary

Superficial epidermis Keratinized stratified

squamous epithelium

Underlying dermis Mostly dense

connective tissue Figure 4.1a

Mucous MembranesMucous Membranes

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Surface epithelium

Type depends on site

Underlying loose connective tissue (lamina propria)

Lines all body cavities that open to the exterior body surface

Often adapted for absorption/secretion

Figure 4.1b

Serous MembranesSerous Membranes

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Surface simple squamous epithelium

Underlying areolar connective tissue

Lines open body cavities that are closed to the exterior of the body

Serous layers separated by serous fluid

Figure 4.1c

Serous Membranes Parietal: against

the body wall (side)

Visceral: on the organs (guts)

Serous Membranes

Heart: visceral and parietal pericardium

Lungs: visceral and parietal pleura

Intestines: visceral and parietal peritoneum

Functions of skin Protects deeper tissues from:

Mechanical damage Chemical damage Bacterial damage Thermal damage Ultraviolet radiation Desiccation

Skin functions continued Aids in heat regulation Aids in excretion of urea and uric acid Synthesizes vitamin D

Skin coloring Melanin

Yellow, brown or black pigments Carotene

Orange-yellow pigment from some vegetables Hemoglobin

Red coloring from blood cells in dermis capillaries

Oxygen content determines the extent of red coloring

Review of Skin Layers Epidermis: epithelial tissue

Stratum Corneum (cells full of keratin, dead) Stratum Lucidum (only in palms and soles) Stratum Granulosum Stratum Spinosus Stratum Basale (only mitotic layer, contains

melanocytes

Dermis: Connective Tissue Papillary layer: vascular, fingerprints Reticular layer: Contains structures

(sweat and oil glands, hair follicles, etc)

Hypodermis: Adipose tissue for insulation and cushioning

Skeletal Muscle CharacteristicsSkeletal Muscle Characteristics

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Most are attached by tendons to bones

Cells are multinucleate

Striated – have visible banding

Voluntary – subject to conscious control

Cells are surrounded and bundled by connective tissue

Cardiac Muscle CharacteristicsCardiac Muscle Characteristics

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Has striations

Usually has a single nucleus

Joined to another muscle cell at an intercalated disc

Involuntary

Found only in the heart Figure 6.2b

Smooth Muscle CharacteristicsSmooth Muscle Characteristics

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Has no striations

Spindle-shaped cells

Single nucleus

Involuntary – no conscious control

Found mainly in the walls of hollow organs

Figure 6.2a

Connective Tissue Characteristics

Variations in blood supply Some tissue types are well vascularized Some have poor blood supply or are avascular

Extracellular matrix Non-living material that surrounds living cells

Connective Tissue Found everywhere in the body Includes the most abundant and widely

distributed tissues Functions

Binds body tissues together Supports the body Provides protection