Contents of this publication may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system without the written permission of EMD Technologies Incorporated, 400 rue du Parc, Saint-Eustache (Québec), Canada, J7R 0A1.
2.8 Environmental Specification ....................................................................................................................................... 30 2.9 Mechanical Data ............................................................................................................................................................ 31
3 COMPLIANCE INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................. 34
May 2012 G1 New Touchscreen Operator Console New Auxiliary Power Supplies P/N 10023.004 Multi-Energy Option
23 Sept. 2014 G2 Handswitch option P/N 10018.004 (New connector RJ12) Increased Duty Cycle P/N 10005.005 (With baffle board and thermistors) Relay board Updated (P/N 9932.02) New Fluoro mode (HPPF +, P/N 10012.000) Compliance Information Updated
Specifications are subject to change without notice EMD's high voltage generator herein described is protected by one or more of the claims of EMD's United States Patent Nos. 6,738,275, 6,967,559, and 7,375,993. [Additional EMD patent applications pertinent to the product are pending].
1.1 Epsilon Platform & Configurations The EpsilonTM High-Voltage generator is an Advanced High Frequency X-ray Generator designed with a unique power inverter technology and modular conception.
As more power or custom features are needed, they are simply added using plug-in modules quickly inserted to the generator's main core. The latter consists of an electronic controller driving an encapsulated (oil-free) high-voltage unit. The generator comes in different configurations, best suited to conventional RAD and to the latest digital procedures. Features and options are summed up in Table 1 below and described later in the text.
Table 1- Main Configurations of EPS 45-80 High-Voltage Generator
Conf. (1/2)
RAD FLUORO 2-T
(1) C Hs
Power kW AEC HPR Cont. HPF PF HPPF HPPF+
EPS 45 Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No O O O 45
EPS 50 Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No O O O 50
EPS 55 Yes No Yes Yes Yes No No O O O 55
EPS 65 Yes No Yes Yes Yes O O O O O 65
EPS 70 Yes No Yes Yes Yes O O O O O 70
EPS 80 Yes O (2) Yes Yes Yes O O O O O 80 HPR : High Performance Radiography HPPF : High Performance Pulsed Fluoro C : Cabinet
PF : Pulsed Fluoro (Standard) HPPF+ : HPPF with up to 160/ 280 Fluoro mA Hs : Handswitch
HPF : High Power Fluoro (Cont.) 2-T : 2-Tube Option
Conf. (2/2)
Anode Starter
A.P.S. Relay AEC/ABS Interface
SPD DAP Ion
(3 S.S. Ion
(4) PhD PMT M.Z.
Low/Dual O O Yes) O Choose 1 of 2 O O O
A.P.S. : Auxiliary Power Supplies
(24 VDC; 24 VDC/24VAC or 24VAC)
Relay : Relay board (8 progr. relays)
Ion : Ion chamber
PhD : Photodiode
PMT : Photomultiplier tube
MZ : Multi-Zoom option
S.S. Ion : Solid State Ion Chambers
SPD : Source to Patient Dose Compensation
DAP : Dose Area Product
Notes: (1) The second tube option provides Fluoro capability on X-ray tube number 1 only. (2) O = Option. (3) Two ion chambers are supported on all Epsilon generators. (4) Solid State ion chamber interface option does not provide ABS capability.
1.2 Technological Landmark The EpsilonTM technology achieves variable frequency operation at up to 240 kHz, producing a remarkable kV flatness output and unequalled short rise time. This realization embodies important technological achievements designed with innovative power switching inverter modules and a cascaded series of high frequency power transformers embedded in a solid dielectric high voltage unit.
Figure 1 – Typical kV Waveform.
1.3 Epsilon Main Features
1. Extremely sharp kV waveform, with rise and fall times unparalleled in the industry, resulting in superior image quality and reduced soft radiation.
2. An exceptionally high efficiency which allows for less severe mains line impedance requirements.
3. 400/480 VAC Universal Line Voltage Input, allowing simple worldwide installation.
4. Self-diagnostic methods, using redundant circuits.
5. Epsilon PC Tools program:
- Configuration files for easy & quick set-up of generator.
The Epsilon RF Operator Console (Figures 2, 3) provides simple control of the EPS 45-80 High-Voltage generator. It manages 6 configurable workstations with 4 patient sizes for more than 2000 APR exams.
Exposure buttons, optical density correction, and many feedbacks from the X-ray room and/or X-ray tube are available. Technique factors are displayed on three 7-segment parameters displays to quickly set up an exposure or visualize the APR’s exam factors. The console also includes a built-in service mode and a diagnostic mode, displayed in a graphic screen.
Epsilon Operator Console Graphic Screen on the console
Figure 2
APR EXAMS: Programmable technique chart consisting of up to 2000 fully customizable exams, stored in the Epsilon Operator Console. Every single step on the APR program leads to a new set of parameters, every time more fitted with the intended exam. This reduces the number of key strokes. The APR can be programmed to behave as a traditional APR with 7 regions per workstation, 8-10 exams per region and 3 patient sizes
5-minute Fluoro elapsed Continuous tone; can be shut off by operator at the operator console or by using a digital input to the generator.
System Fault , Error 4 consecutive beeps
HANDSWITCH P/N 10018.004
An optional X-ray Hand-Switch (Figure 4) provides the Epsilon operator console with a hand held push-button switch that can be extended 3.8 m (8 feet) from the operator console. The handswitch does not allow Fluoro activation.
Parts shipped or used with Hand-switch Option P/N 10018.004
N° Qt Description
1 1 Handswitch/ cable/ connector
2 1 Handswitch console holder
3 1 Handswitch console bracket
4 1 Protective cover
5 1 Screw PHMS
6 2 Spacer
7 2 Screw SEMS
8 2 Nut Klock
Figure 4 –Epsilon operator console and handswitch with RJ12 connector.
Figure 5 – Epsilon TouchScreen Console P/N 13006.002-.003 The TouchScreen Console communicates with the Epsilon Generator by using the Generator Interface Box (GIB, supplied with TS) illustrated in Figure 6 below. Normally, the GIB is installed at the back of the TouchScreen computer.
Figure 6 –TouchScreen Console Interconnection with Generator thru GIB.
The 2-Tube option provides a standalone X-ray tube switch and the necessary hardware & software to drive two different X-ray tubes from a single generator. Each tube is assigned to one or more of the six possible workstations. Commutation time to switch tube is about 5 seconds. 1.4.2.2 HIGH PERFORMANCE RADIOGRAPHY P/N 10010.000
High Performance Radiography option extends the irradiation time from 10 seconds to 63 seconds and the current by time product from 1000 mAs to 12,500 mAs. Available on EPS 80 configuration only. 1.4.2.3 HIGH PERFORMANCE PULSED FLUOROSCOPY P/N 10012.000
The High Performance Pulsed Fluoroscopy (HPPF) configuration provides the EPS High-Voltage generator with advanced performance in interventional Fluoroscopy. The configuration comes with three (3) different interventional modes : HPPF, HPPF_Plus (+) and HPPF_Extended.
The first two mode provide Image Enhancement mode with a programmable enhancement factor (see table 3). The optional Extended HPPF delivers up to 280 mA for heavy Fluoro exploration. On High Performance Pulsed Fluoro configuration, the EPS High-Voltage generator is shipped with or must be equipped with :
1 Fluoro board (P/N 9822.01 or P/N 11 030.001)
1 Increased Duty Cycle Assembly (P/N 10 005.005, including air duct board and fans)
6 Inverter boards (P/N 11 390.000). See Table 3 next page for more details.
Max. mAs/pulse (5) 0.8 mAs 1.33 mAs 1.46 mAs 2.66 mAs
Max. kW/pulse 10 kW 10 kW 11 kW 20 kW
Max. Fluoro Run Time 10 minutes 10 minutes 10 minutes 20 seconds (6)
Distinct Fluoro Levels 2 2 2 1
Image Enhancement N/A 100-400% 100-400% N/A
Max. Pulse Rate 30 p/s Up to 90 p/s, as per configuration 15 p/s (7)
Max. Duty cycle 30% 50% 50% 50%
Target Pulse Width 5.0 ms 4-10 ms 4-10 ms 4-10 ms
Number of Inverters Minimum 3 6 6 6
Cable Discharge (8) Option Option Option Option
Increased Duty Cycle
with Air Duct Board (9) Optional Included Included Included
Notes.
1. High Performance Pulsed Fluoroscopy (HPPF mode) This Pulsed Fluoro type provides a better signal-to-noise ratio because of its Image Enhancement Mode that delivers more mAs/pulse at pulse rates lower than maximum. A programmable mAs factor improves the image contrast at lower Fluoro speeds.
2. High Performance Pulsed Fluoroscopy Plus (HPPF (+)) Interventional Pulsed Fluoroscopy mode with Fluoro mA up to 160 mA.
3. Extended High Performance Pulsed Fluoro (EHPPF).
Typical I.E. Setup
p/s mAs Factor
30 x 1 (100%)
15 x 2 (200%)
10 x 3 (300%)
7.5 x 4 (400%)
Interventional Pulsed Fluoroscopy mode with Fluoro mA up to 280 mA. Requires a dedicated Fluoro pedal.
4. E-HHPF done on large filament only. 5. Calculated for 30pps Fluoro operation 6. To conclude imaging only.
7. Suggested value (set up in service mode). 8. Refer to page 15. 9. Refer to page 16.
1.4.2.4 HIGH POWER FLUOROSCOPY P/N 10011.000 High Power Fluoroscopy option allows up to 140 kV (instead of 125) and 20 mA (instead of 12.5) continuous Fluoro beam.
Table 4- High Power Continuous Fluoro Loading Factors
kV range 40 to 140 kV, in one-kV steps, with programmable kV range
1.4.2.5 HIGH FRAME RATE Typically dedicated for high grade special procedures, this option allows image acquisition at up to 90 pulses per second in RAD and Fluoro. Note. To enable this feature, the HPPF option is mandatory and the Cable Discharge Unit is highly recommended. 1.4.2.6 SURFACE DOSE TRACKING OPTION Also known as “Source-Patient Distance” Dose Compensation. The generator adjusts the X-ray beam to compensate for the source-to-patient distance (SPD) when the gantry position varies during an exam. This provides constant surface dose along the full SPD span.
mAs/pulse (1/SPD)2 1.4.2.7 MULTI-ZOOM FUNCTION OPTION For imaging systems using a multi-field image intensifier only. This option provides the generator with a multiplexed AEC/ABS adjustment for 4 distinct magnification I.I. fields per workstation. Three (3) digital inputs allow the handshaking with the imaging system for the remote selection of the I.I. field during Fluoro or RAD exam. Note. For firmware 1.5.x and before, this option needs the HPPF configuration.
1.4.2.8 AUXILIARY POWER SUPPLIES These options provide a medical grade power supply to help supplying the peripheral interfacing.
For 400Y/230VAC electrical line only:
P/N 11028.000 : Medical grade power supply rated 24VAC-150VA / 24VDC-2.7A, 65W)
P/N 11028.001 : Medical grade power supply rated 24VDC-(2.7A), 65W.
P/N 11028.004 : Medical grade power supply rated 24VAC-150VA.
For 400-480 VAC electrical lines:
P/N 11028.002 : Medical grade power supply rated 24VAC-350VA / 24VDC-2.7A, 65W.
P/N 11028.005 : Medical grade power supply rated 24VAC-150VA / 24VDC-2.7A, 65W.
1.4.2.9 BASIC MULTI-ENERGY P/N 10030.000 This option allows an external controller to vary the kV and/or mA during an exposure or between exposures of a run. The external controller must communicate with the generator through the use of a serial protocol (CANBUS or RS-232) proprietary to EMD Technologies Incorporated.
Stepping Multi-Energy: Exposure parameters are pre-determined before beginning the run. The procedure can be applied to perform energy subtraction, or to follow a roadmap. All step changes are controlled by CON2 serial protocol.
Real-Time Multi-Energy: Exposure parameters vary live during the run. The procedure can be used for image stitching or for energy subtraction. The multi-energy can be synchronized or not (Figure 7) with the beginning of an exposure during the run.
1.4.2.10 BASIC CABLE DISCHARGE UNIT P/N 10027.000–.001
The Cable Discharge Unit option (Figure 8) eliminates the slow cable discharging time characteristic of high kV- low mA exposures. The device acts as an electronic crowbar mechanism that delivers multiple exposures at precise exposure times using rapid rise and fall times along a broad spectrum of tube mA, on standard (no grid) X-ray tubes. This feature dramatically improves the quality of images acquired from cineradiography, digital subtraction angiography, digital radiography and Pulsed Fluoro.
Figure 8 – Cable Discharge Unit (a) and typical waveforms (b).
1.4.2.11 UNIVERSAL CHAMBERS INTERFACE BOARD P/N 11002.000 Consists of a plug-in board and the necessary software to perform AEC exposures on up to 3 solid state AEC chambers. This board includes also an additional interface for a standard ion chamber. 1.4.2.12 DAP INTERFACE P/N 10028.000
The DAP Interface option allows interfacing a VACU DAP measurement device on the generator to display, on the Epsilon Operator Console, the radiation level a patient is exposed to in radiological exams. Cumulative dose area product (DAP) would also be printed if a DAP printer is connected to the operator console.
Display of instantaneous DAP on the console’s graphic screen
(a) (b)
100 kV, 32 mA, 12.5 ms
r I t-
'•-, - :· lf+-H t-----+ t- + ------,>-- ~ .---t
: I -~'-- : _: :_ Rise time
le ss t ha n 0.6 ms
- With Cable D isch a r ge Unit - Without Cable D isch a r ge Unit
1.4.2.13 INCREASED DUTY CYCLE P/N 10005.005 The Increased Duty Cycle option (Figure 9) for EPS Generators enhances the workload and patient throughput by using built-in thermostatic cooling fans and better air flow management. This option improves the Inverter board temperature management during high duty cycle applications such as High Performance Pulsed Fluoroscopy. It consists of two thermostatic fans pitching a constant air flow through an air duct board equipped with six (6) thermistors.
Figure 9 – Generator with Increased Duty Cycle installed.
1.4.2.14 RELAY BOARD P/N 9932.02 This board (Figure 10, next page) provides eight programmable relays that can be used to control X-ray room lines as a function of the generator status.
1.4.2.15 EPSILON CABINET P/N 10017.005/.006 This cabinet option (Figure 11) offers mechanical and electrical enclosure to the generator using high quality aluminum panels easily assembled. The cabinet hides out the mains cable entry and affords two passageway configurations for the High-Voltage cables.
Cabinet option 10017.005 Cabinet for Generator 10017.006 (with 2-tube option)
2.1 Electrical Requirements 2.1.1 Electrical Line Requirements Overvoltage Category II – The generator is intended to be used in “Overvoltage Category II” locations where the mains transient voltage would not be higher than 2500 Vpeak.
Three-phase Mains Line – The generator requires a three-phase electrical line with a protective earth ground (PE) and an optional neutral (N) wire (4 or 5 wires). Standard line regulation from no load to full load will provide full power output, at maximum kV.
Figure 12 –Types of Line Configuration. Typical Wire Size –
Table 5 – Power Ratings and Electric Line Requirements
Mains Voltage
VAC ± 10%
(3 Phases) (1)
Epsilon Configuration
Line Apparent Resistance
()(2)
Over-current Releases
(A) (3)
Nominal Electric Power
Short Term Long Term(5)
(A)(4) (KVA) (A) (KVA)
400 Volts
(47-63 Hz)
EPS 45 0.22 80 85 58
0.8/5.0/7.0 0.7/2.4/3.4
EPS 50 0.17 100 102 68
EPS 55 0.17 100 109 73
EPS 65 0.17 100 124 85
EPS 70 0.17 100 132 90
EPS 80 0.11 100 150 102
EPS 90 0.11 100 170 116
EPS 100 0.09 100 200 136
480 Volts
(47-63 Hz)
EPS 45 0.32 80 72 60
0.8/5.0/7.0 0.7/2.4/4.1
EPS 50 0.24 100 85 70
EPS 55 0.22 100 92 76
EPS 65 0.16 100 105 88
EPS 70 0.16 100 112 93
EPS 80 0.16 100 125 105
EPS 90 0.16 100 145 122
EPS 100 0.12 100 165 138
Notes
(1) Automatic mains line selection (no transformer tap configuration required). Automatic kW derating when mains line voltage drops below -12%.
(2) With lower impedance lines, expect approx. 15% more current in Epsilon input current.
(3) Means of adequate power disconnect is the responsibility of the system installer. Thermal breaker recommended. The over-current releases values are suggested figures only. The selected value should have current rating versus time curve characteristics higher than the ratings specified. Consult a qualified electrical contractor to comply with local electrical bylaw and site electrical installation.
(4) Nominal line current values; if electric line voltage drops by minus 10%, the input current will then increase by 10%.
(5) Values based on [Standby/Ready state/ Fluoro] mode.
Table 8– Accuracy and Repeatability Specifications (1)
X-ray Factor Accuracy Repeatability Conditions
kV mA mAs Time
kV(2) ± (5% + 2 kV) ± (1% + 0.25 kV) Any Any Any > 5 ms
mA ± (5% + 0.5 mA) ± (2.5% + 0.5 mA) Any Any Any > 40 ms
mAs ± (5% + 0.2 mAs) ± (2.5% + 0.2 mAs) Any Any Any > 5 ms
Irradiation time(3) ± (5% + 0.2 ms) ± (1% + 0.2 ms) Any Any Any Any
Notes: 1. Accuracy specifications were measured at 100 kV at half the nominal power with 35 feet
(10.7 m) H.V. cable between generator and X-ray tube.
2. 0.5 kV ripple at 100 kV, 250 mA with 50' (15.25 m) High-Voltage cables.
3. Irradiation time represents the time interval between the instant that the tube potential has risen for the first time to a value of 80% and the instant at which it finally drops below the same value.
2.4 RAD Exposure Modes The generator provides single and serial tube loading with manual and AEC-controlled irradiation time (Table 9). Cardiac, vascular and other exposure modes are available as optional configurations (Table 10).
Table 9– Available Tube Loading modes
Exposure Mode Description
Single One tube loading for a distinct switch actuation.
Division mode Multiple exposures (2 to 8) with a single press and hold of the PREP pedal and multiple press-release cycles of the RAD pedal.
Multiple Repeated tube loadings for a distinct Prep switch actuation. Number of exposures depends upon the product of frame rate and run length factors (see below). For example, a run done @ 30 f/s with a run length of 10 seconds will result in a maximum of 300 exposures.
Frame rate Up to 7 frame rates available. Operative frame rate selected by operator, APR or digital signals. Service programmable up to 30 f/s, with 0.05 f/s increments.
Run length Maximum total duration of repeated tube loadings allowed by the generator for a distinct exposure switch actuation:
1, 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 seconds.
Note: Both operative frame rate and run length factors impact on the allowed Tube kW load. The generator ensures the X-ray tube operating parameters are within safe limits.
Technique Description
3-Point Loads the tube at specific kV, mA and irradiation time factors.
2-Point Loads the tube at specific kV and mAs factors.
AEC mode (*)
In AEC-mA
In AEC-mAs
AEC-Zero Point
Loads the tube …
@ specific kV & mA factors and adjustable backup time (for a given kV);
@ specific kV & backup mAs factors
@ Automatic kV (as a function of Fluoro kV) & adjustable backup mAs factor.
AEC-Lock Mode In multiple exposure mode only; Loads the tube as in normal AEC mode for the first frame, and uses the measured mAs factor for the remaining tube loadings.
Cardiac-kW Exposures performed using constant kW algorithm (variable mA). This method intends to improve the image contrast.
Cardiac-mA Exposures performed using constant mA algorithm (variable kW). This method intends to reduce the patient dose.
D.S.A./D.A. Automatic serial exposure mode that combines pre-selected parameters with auto-kV mode and AEC feedback.
AEC-Falling Load In AEC-mAs exposure, the tube is loaded at a higher tube current value, after which the mA drops as the exposure proceeds.
Multi-Energy
3-point exposure mode in which kV and/or mA factor(s) can vary live during the
exposure to produce a multi-level waveform output. kV & mA requests are externally controlled using a serial protocol proprietary to EMD Technologies.
AEC MODE SPECIFICATIONS
The nominal shortest irradiation time for AEC exposure is 5 ms, at all x-ray tube current and x-ray tube voltage combinations. Maximum mAs: 600 mAs Optical density adjustment
Six clinically significant optical density corrections are provided with the AEC mode, varying from the standardized optical density N= 1 (Figure 13).
Optical density correction (Ion chamber)
0.57 0.69 0.83 1 1.2 1.45 1.75
- 3 - 2 - 1 Normal + 1 + 2 + 3
75 % 82 % 90 % 100 % 110 % 121 % 133 %
Optical density correction (PM tube or photodiode)
Figure 13 –Useful range of optical densities in AEC mode. Ionization Chamber Interfaces
Two ion chambers are supported on the standard generator.
Three independent user-selectable fields (left, middle, right).
Three film-screen correction tables: Compensation for density relating to film-screen kV curve characteristics. Compensation ranges from – 80 % up to + 130 % of phototiming level for 12 stations between 42 kV and 133 kV.
Other ion chamber interfaces are optional (Table 11). More AEC sensors can be interfaced, depending on the generator configuration.
Table 11– Optional Additional Ion Chamber Interfaces
Expansion boards Number/Type of AEC Chamber
Photodiode Ion Chamber Fluoro board P/N 11030.001 2 conventional ion chambers
Universal Chambers Interface Board P/N 11002.001 1 conventional ion chamber
3 solid state chambers
Photomultiplier tube interface
This option requires the PM tube Fluoro board P/N 9822.01. The generator provides the PM tube gain circuit adjustment using a high voltage bias supply from about -200 V to about -950 V. Photodiode interface
This option requires the Photodiode Ion Chamber Fluoro board P/N 11030.001. One BNC type connector is used for ABS/AEC feedback input from the photodiode device.
2.5 Fluoro Specifications 2.5.1 Fluoro Boards Two Fluoro boards are available to interface Fluoro (Figure 14): the generator requires one of them to perform Fluoro. The selection of Fluoro board is done as a function of the room ABS device The board is installed in the Expansion Basket.
FOCAL SPOT Continuous Fluoro : Small filament (large filament if small filament opens);
Pulsed Fluoro : Small or large filament, depending of Fluoro configuration. TIMER Fluoro timer cumulated during the Fluoro exam. The timer is displayed and reset at the Epsilon
operator console. DUAL FLUORO Allows both Pulsed and Continuous Fluoro at the Epsilon console. This mode is not
compatible with High Performance Pulsed Fluoro and High Power Fluoro. ANODE SPEED Low (normal), high or RAD anode speed rotation. SHUTDOWN Fluoro automatic shutdown after 10 minutes of uninterrupted Fluoro. ALARMS 3 distinct alarms during Fluoro (Table 14).
Table 14– Audible Alarm during Fluoro
Exposure Alarm Tone
Fluoro Low-Level “ON” 1 beep/2 seconds; can be disabled by Field Engineer @ installation.
Fluoro High-Level “ON” 1 beep/second.
5-minute Fluoro elapsed Continuous tone; can be shut off by operator at the operator console or
2.5.3 Maximum Fluoro Entrance Exposure Rate Before using the generator clinically, the maximum Fluoroscopic entrance exposure rate must be adjusted by the installer. If the adjustment procedure is omitted at initial installation, Fluoro will be done using the minimum mA value only. Two (2) Fluoro pedals are supported, one for Low (or Normal) Fluoro level, the second for High Fluoro level. The maximum Fluoro entrance exposure rate of each Fluoro level must be adjusted by the Field Engineer at installation time before doing Fluoro clinically. 2.5.4 ABS Regulation Four (4) service programmable kV/mA tracking curves are provided to improve contrast during Fluoro image stabilization.
Figure 15 – kV-mA Tracking ABS Curves.
Table 15– Fluoro board as per type of Fluoro and ABS device
Continuous Fluoroscopy Pulsed Fluoroscopy
Photomultiplier tube: Board P/N 9822.01 Photodiode: Board P/N 11030.001 CCD camera or Flat Panel: P/N 11030.001
Type of Tubes Class 1 B (IEC Classification). Number of Tubes One X-ray tube standard; 2-tube configuration available as an option. Models Most popular X-ray tube models are supported through a built-in X-ray tube chart. Other
X-ray tube models may be added by the installer. Tube Filaments
Focal spot number : 2
Current range : Up to 8.1 RMS amperes
Filament power : Maximum 100 watts Tube Derating
The tube can be derated to extend its usable lifetime, to troubleshoot specific conditions or other reasons. 2.6.2 Focal Spot / Anode Speed Manual and automatic focal spot selection can be selected in RAD.
In auto focal spot selection, the filament is determined as a function of the technique kW and the anode speed. Table 16 below shows the generator algorithm for the selection of the focal spot and anode rotation speed when auto speed and auto focal spot are enabled. The anode speed is set in the workstation configuration and is not user alterable.
Table 16– Focal spot selection in Auto-Focal Spot Auto-Speed
2.7 Generator I/Os Basic Specifications 2.7.1 Programmable Inputs 12 or 14 programmable digital inputs are available on the generator for interfacing purposes (10 on Controller board, 2 on Fluoro board 9822.01 and 4 on Fluoro board 11030.001). All inputs are active low and use isolated diodes at their front ends. A pull-up voltage (+5VDC or +12VDC) is conveyed to the input terminals for reference.
2.7.2 Open Collector Outputs
10 or 12 programmable digital outputs are available on the generator for interfacing purposes (8 on Controller board, 4 on Fluoro board 9822.01 and 2 on Fluoro board 11030.001). All outputs are open collector switches to the system DC return.
Output Reference: Maximum current in on-state: 100 mA (max. current from J14-11) Maximum voltage in off-state: 30 V 2.7.3 Cable Requirements The following cables (not supplied with the generator) are the minimum specification requirements to maintain compliance with the electromagnetic compatibility. No cable shall exceed 30.4 m (100 ft) unless in situ tests are performed to validate EMC compliance.
1) Low voltage I/O signals: (Generic type) Jacket insulated over 100% foil shield with ground drain conductor, multi-conductors type, typical 20 AWG stranded, voltage rated for the purpose.
4) X ray tube high voltage cables: Full braid shielded 100 kV type (between 10 to 30 meters long). Types ll or lll as per NEMA Standard XR 7-1979 (R 1984, 1990), with locking screw available at both extremities of the cable.
6) Mains line and protective ground cables : Unshielded type, length and wire gauge must be in accordance with applicable electrical code and local regulations.
Humidity in % (non-condensing) 30 to 75% 10 to 95%
Vibrations / Shock range in Hz 10-55 10-55
Vibrations / Shock amplitude in mm 0.153 0.153
Vibrations / Shock acceleration in G 2G / 30 minutes 2G / 30 minutes
Shock acceleration in G N/A 10
Air pressure in hPa 700 to 1060 700 to 1060
Altitude maximum in m 3000 3000
Miscellaneous Comment
Acoustic noise level : < 52 dB @ 1m
Air cooling : 200 BTU/hr in idle mode
EMC : Refer to Technical Manual, section 1.4
Ambient illuminance level : 100 lux to 1500 lux
Gas Mixture This equipment is not suitable for use in the presence of a flammable anesthetic mixture
with air or with oxygen or nitrous oxide.
PRODUCT DISPOSAL
At the end of its usable lifetime, no particular action is necessary for the disposal of the product except those locally in force at the installation site. If the EPS generator is fit with the optional cable discharge unit (high-end Cardiac configurations) or 2-tube unit, these units contain approximately 30 liters of dielectric oil. When comes the time to dispose of one or both units, it must done in a way that respects the local environmental regulations in force.
Cabinet dimensions in mm (inches) Weight: Approximately 33 lb. (15kg)
Figure 18 – Cabinet Dimensions.
472 (18 5/8)
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806 (31 3/4)
389 (15 5/16)
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Europe EN 60601-1 :1990 + A1 :1993 + A2 : 1995 & EN 60601-2-7 :1998.
Important Notice
The conformity is based on the equipment configured and interconnected as described in the present Technical Manual. Changes or modifications to this equipment not expressly approved by EMD Technologies Incorporated could void its conformity to applicable standards.
Conformity to EN/IEC 60601-2-54 and to EN/IEC 60601-2-7 shall be validated when the generator is integrated within a complete Medical Electrical System.
